WO2017078083A1 - Capteur de contrainte - Google Patents

Capteur de contrainte Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017078083A1
WO2017078083A1 PCT/JP2016/082631 JP2016082631W WO2017078083A1 WO 2017078083 A1 WO2017078083 A1 WO 2017078083A1 JP 2016082631 W JP2016082631 W JP 2016082631W WO 2017078083 A1 WO2017078083 A1 WO 2017078083A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
wavelength
optical fiber
stress sensor
stress
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2016/082631
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
怜 古川
Original Assignee
国立大学法人電気通信大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 国立大学法人電気通信大学 filed Critical 国立大学法人電気通信大学
Priority to JP2017548817A priority Critical patent/JP6712391B2/ja
Publication of WO2017078083A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017078083A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
    • G01L11/02—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stress sensor.
  • a metal strain gauge can be used to detect the expansion of the hydrogen cylinder.
  • sensors using optical fibers are known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
  • an OTDR (Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer) type optical fiber using wavelength shift A stress sensor can be used.
  • a strain sensor using a metal strain gauge can detect only local strain, it is necessary to attach a plurality of strain sensors in order to detect the expansion of the entire hydrogen cylinder as a detection target. At that time, peripheral devices such as amplifier circuits and voltmeters are required.
  • the weight of the spectrum analyzer as a peripheral device is high, and the initial merit of reducing the weight of the hydrogen cylinder is lost.
  • detection at a short distance (several tens of meters) requires high resolution, which makes the peripheral device more expensive and complicated.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to provide a stress sensor capable of detecting the stress to be detected without using a special peripheral device.
  • the stress sensor includes: a light source that emits light having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength and the first wavelength; and an optical waveguide that receives light having the first wavelength and the second wavelength.
  • the optical waveguide includes a core in which a fluorescent dye is dispersed and a clad covering the periphery of the core, and the fluorescent dye is excited by the light of the first wavelength to emit light of the third wavelength.
  • the second wavelength and the third wavelength are in the visible light range.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating an optical fiber 11 that constitutes a stress sensor 1.
  • FIG. It is a figure which illustrates the mode of propagation of the light when the optical fiber 11 of the stress sensor 1 is not stressed. It is a figure which illustrates the mode of the propagation of light when stress is applied to the optical fiber 11 of the stress sensor 1.
  • 3 is a schematic view illustrating how to use the stress sensor 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating the configuration of a stress sensor 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating how to use the stress sensor 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating the configuration of a stress sensor 3.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating the configuration of a stress sensor 4.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating how to use the stress sensor 4.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the configuration of the stress sensor 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating the optical fiber 11 constituting the stress sensor 1.
  • the stress sensor 1 includes an optical fiber 11, a first light source 12, a second light source 13, and an optical coupler 14, which are coupled so that light does not leak. Has been.
  • 11e has shown the end surface (henceforth the end surface 11e) of the output side of the optical fiber 11.
  • the optical fiber 11 includes a core 111 and a clad 112 that covers the periphery of the core 111.
  • the diameter of the end surface 11e of the optical fiber 11 can be set to about 1 mm, for example.
  • a fluorescent dye 19 that absorbs irradiated excitation light (light having a wavelength ⁇ 1 described later) and emits visible light having a wavelength longer than that of the excitation light (light having a wavelength ⁇ 3 described later).
  • a transparent material capable of adjusting the refractive index and suitable for dispersion of the fluorescent dye 19 for example, quartz, polymer material (polymer), silicone rubber or the like is used. be able to.
  • the material of the clad 112 for example, the same material as that of the core 111 can be used.
  • the refractive index of the core 111 is adjusted to be larger than the refractive index of the clad 112. Therefore, when the angle at which the light in the core 111 is incident on the boundary surface with the cladding 112 is larger than the critical angle, the light undergoes total reflection, propagates through the core 111 without leaking into the cladding 112, and reaches the end surface 11e. .
  • the fluorescent dye 19 dispersed in the core 111 it is preferable to use a fluorescent dye having a high quantum emission efficiency, high heat resistance, hardly fading over time, and high compatibility with a base material.
  • a fluorescent dye for example, cyanine derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, rhodamine derivatives, perylene derivatives, coumarin derivatives, fluorescein derivatives, pyran derivatives, semiconductor dot phosphors, rare earth phosphors, and the like can be used.
  • the semiconductor dot phosphor is a particle having a diameter of about several nanometers to several tens of nanometers using GaAs, CdSe, InP, CuInS / ZnS or the like as a raw material.
  • the rare earth phosphor is a phosphor having light emitting ions such as Eu 2+ , Ce 3+ , and Mg 4+ that are generally used for white LEDs.
  • the optical fiber 11 is wound around a detection target such as a container, the length L necessary for winding is sufficiently secured.
  • the first light source 12 is a light source that emits light (for example, blue light) having a wavelength ⁇ 1 (wavelength that matches the absorption wavelength of the fluorescent dye 19) that can excite the fluorescent dye 19 dispersed in the core 111.
  • the second light source 13 is a light source that emits light having a wavelength ⁇ 2 (for example, red light).
  • the wavelength ⁇ 2 needs to be in the visible light range (about 380 nm to 780 nm), but the wavelength ⁇ 1 may not be in the visible light range. This is because even if the wavelength ⁇ 1 is not in the visible light range, a change in color due to the presence or absence of stress can be detected with the naked eye.
  • first light source 12 and the second light source 13 for example, a laser or an LED (Light Emitting Diode) can be used. Note that the first light source 12 and the second light source 13 may be integrated.
  • the optical coupler 14 is an optical circuit for efficiently coupling the light having the wavelength ⁇ 1 emitted from the first light source 12 and the light having the wavelength ⁇ 2 emitted from the second light source 13 to the optical fiber 11.
  • the light of wavelength ⁇ 1 and the light of wavelength ⁇ 2 enter the optical fiber 11 via the optical coupler 14.
  • the optical coupler 14 may be configured to synthesize light having a wavelength ⁇ 1 and light having a wavelength ⁇ 2 using, for example, a half mirror or a prism.
  • the wavelength ⁇ 1 is a typical example of the first wavelength according to the present invention
  • the wavelength ⁇ 2 is a typical example of the second wavelength according to the present invention
  • a wavelength ⁇ 3 described later is a typical example of the third wavelength according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the state of light propagation when no stress is applied to the optical fiber 11 of the stress sensor 1.
  • the light of wavelength ⁇ 1 emitted from the first light source 12 and the light of wavelength ⁇ 2 emitted from the second light source 13 enter the optical fiber 11 via the optical coupler 14.
  • Light having a wavelength ⁇ 1 that is excitation light of the fluorescent dye 19 is absorbed by the fluorescent dye 19, converted into light having a different wavelength ⁇ 3 (for example, green light), and emitted.
  • a part of the light with the wavelength ⁇ 3 leaks outside from the side surface of the optical fiber 11 via the cladding 112.
  • Light of the remainder of the wavelength lambda 3 is emitted from the end surface 11e propagates through the core 111.
  • the light of wavelength lambda 3 is sometimes not emitted from the end surface 11e. Thereafter it will be described with the case where light of wavelength lambda 3 is emitted from the end face 11e as an example.
  • the leakage is difficult to occur at wavelengths other than the wavelength ⁇ 3 that is the emission wavelength of the fluorescent dye 19, the light with the wavelength ⁇ 2 propagates through the core 111 without leaking and is emitted from the end face 11 e of the optical fiber 11.
  • the wavelength lambda 3 of the light e.g., green light
  • the wavelength lambda 3 of the light leaks from the sides of the optical fiber 11 to the outside of the optical fiber 11 is visually recognized, for example, as green.
  • a color mixture of light having a wavelength ⁇ 2 (for example, red light) and light having a wavelength ⁇ 3 (for example, green light) is visually recognized as the color of transmitted light from the end face 11e. Since light of wavelength lambda 1 is converted to light of wavelength lambda 3, not emitted from the end surface 11e.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a state of light propagation when stress is applied to the optical fiber 11 of the stress sensor 1.
  • the light with the wavelength ⁇ 1 emitted from the first light source 12 and the light with the wavelength ⁇ 2 emitted from the second light source 13 enter the optical fiber 11 via the optical coupler 14.
  • the position where the stress F is applied is shown as a satin pattern (dot pattern) for convenience.
  • the intensity of light of wavelength ⁇ 1 and the intensity of light of wavelength ⁇ 2 are higher than the intensity of light of wavelength ⁇ 3 . Therefore, the color visually recognized from the side surface of the optical fiber 11 at the position where the stress F is applied is dominated by the color mixture of the light with the wavelength ⁇ 1 and the light with the wavelength ⁇ 2 . For example, if the light with the wavelength ⁇ 1 is blue light and the light with the wavelength ⁇ 2 is red light, the color seen from the side surface of the optical fiber 11 at the position where the stress F is applied is a mixed color of blue light and red light. It will be purple.
  • the amount of light leakage from the side surface of the optical fiber 11 to the outside of the optical fiber 11 of the light of wavelength ⁇ 1 and the light of wavelength ⁇ 2 increases as the stress F increases (that is, the tension generated in the optical fiber 11 increases). For example, if the light with the wavelength ⁇ 1 is blue light and the light with the wavelength ⁇ 2 is red light, the larger the stress F, the deeper the color that is visible from the side of the optical fiber 11 at the position where the stress F is applied. It becomes.
  • the ratio of the light having the wavelength ⁇ 3 included in the transmitted light (mixed color of the light having the wavelength ⁇ 2 and the light having the wavelength ⁇ 3 ) emitted from the end surface 11 e of the optical fiber 11 decreases.
  • the light leakage is particularly remarkable, only the light having the wavelength ⁇ 2 is emitted from the end face 11 e of the optical fiber 11.
  • the color of the light having the wavelength ⁇ 3 (for example, green) is visually recognized from the side surface of the optical fiber 11.
  • the color of the light having the wavelength ⁇ 1 for example, from the position where the stress on the side surface of the optical fiber 11 is applied (the position where the tension is applied to the optical fiber 11) (for example, A mixed color (for example, purple) of light (for example, red) with a wavelength of ⁇ 2 is visually recognized.
  • the wavelength ⁇ 1 may not be in the visible light range, but when the wavelength ⁇ 1 is not in the visible light range, the light with the wavelength ⁇ 2 and the light with the wavelength ⁇ 3 are in the visible light range. Thus, it is preferable that there is a difference in wavelength as much as possible. This is because the color change when comparing FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is easily recognized with the naked eye.
  • the observer of the stress sensor 1 visually recognizes the color of the light leakage from the side surface of the optical fiber 11 to detect the position where the optical fiber 11 is stressed (the position where the tension is generated in the optical fiber 11). be able to. For example, by winding the optical fiber 11 around the detection target, it is possible to detect the position where expansion is occurring in the detection target. These are described in detail below.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating how the stress sensor 1 is used.
  • an optical fiber 11 constituting the stress sensor 1 is spirally wound around a detection target 300 (for example, a hydrogen cylinder). Since the stress sensor 1 detects the stress using the tension generated in the optical fiber 11, the optical fiber 11 is held in a state where it can move to some extent rather than being completely fixed around the detection target 300 by adhesion or the like. It is better to keep it.
  • the optical fibers 11 may be tightly wound so as to contact each other.
  • first light source 12 and the second light source 13 are caused to emit light in the state of FIG.
  • tension is generated in the optical fiber 11 wound around the expanded portion of the detection target 300.
  • the stress takes to have the position of the side surface of the optical fiber 11 (located tension to the optical fiber 11 is generated), the color of the wavelength lambda 3 of the light, the wavelength lambda 1 of the light color and the wavelength lambda 2 of light It changes to color mixing with color.
  • the side surface of the optical fiber 11 wound around the position A has a wavelength ⁇ 3 from the color of light having a wavelength ⁇ 3 (for example, green). It changes to a mixed color (for example, purple) of the color of light (for example, blue) of 1 and the color of light of wavelength [lambda] 2 (for example, red). Therefore, the position where expansion occurs in the detection target 300 can be detected with the naked eye.
  • the stress sensor 1 it is possible to detect stress (expansion of the detection target) without using a special peripheral device such as a voltmeter or a spectrum analyzer as in the prior art.
  • a special peripheral device such as a voltmeter or a spectrum analyzer as in the prior art.
  • the first light source 12, the second light source 13, and the optical coupler 14 in the stress sensor 1 are not a special peripheral device but a minimum necessary device. Also, these devices are light and inexpensive.
  • the stress sensor 1 it is possible to inform the observer of the state of the detection target (the presence or absence of expansion) by a clear method of color change.
  • the local expansion of the detection target can be detected by winding the optical fiber 11 of the stress sensor 1 around the detection target a plurality of times. Further, since the state of the detection target (the presence or absence of expansion) can be visualized, it becomes easy to notify the observer of a dangerous state. In addition, since the state of the detection target (whether expansion is present) can be visualized, it is easy for the observer to estimate the remaining amount of the contents.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating the configuration of the stress sensor 2. Referring to FIG. 6, the stress sensor 2 is different from the stress sensor 1 (see FIG. 1) in that a scattering member 15 is provided.
  • the scattering member 15 is, for example, a scattering translucent tape such as a commercially available cellophane tape, and is configured so that it can be attached to a predetermined position to be detected.
  • the scattering member 15 may be singular or plural.
  • the incident light is scattered in the scattering member 15 and the entire scattering member 15 is colored. Thereby, the visibility of light leakage can be improved.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating how to use the stress sensor 2.
  • the optical fiber 11 constituting the stress sensor 2 is spirally wound around the detection target 300.
  • a plurality of scattering members 15 are discretely attached to the detection target 300 so as to cover a plurality of locations on the side surface of the optical fiber 11.
  • the relationship between the scattering member 15, the adhesive provided on the back surface of the scattering member 15 (the surface on the detection target 300 side), and the refractive index of the cladding 112 of the optical fiber 11 is as follows: scattering member 15> adhesive> cladding 112 It is desirable to be. This is because light easily propagates to the scattering member 15 side and visibility is improved.
  • the respective scattering members 15 are referred to as scattering members 15 1 , 15 2 , 15 3 , 15 4 , and 15 5 , but the respective materials, sizes, and the like may be the same.
  • the detection target 300 when the detection target 300 is not expanded, all of the scattering members 15 1 to 15 5 have the light color of the wavelength ⁇ 3 .
  • the detection target 300 when the detection target 300 is expanded, the light having the wavelength ⁇ 1 and the light having the wavelength ⁇ 2 leaked from the expanded portion B are scattered on the portion B. scattered incident on the member 15 4, the overall scattering member 15 4 is mixed with the color of the wavelength lambda 1 of the light color and wavelength lambda 2 of light.
  • only one scattering member 15 may be attached to the detection target 300 so as to cover one place on the side surface of the optical fiber 11.
  • the stress sensor 2 in addition to the effects obtained by the stress sensor 1, the following effects are further exhibited. That is, by disposing the scattering member 15 on the side surface of the optical fiber 11, light leakage enters the scattering member 15 and scatters, and the entire scattering member 15 is colored. Therefore, the visibility is higher than when the stress sensor 1 is used. Can be improved.
  • a stress sensor having only one light source is illustrated. Note that in the third embodiment, description of the same components as those of the already described embodiments may be omitted.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating the configuration of the stress sensor 3. Referring to FIG. 8, the stress sensor 3 is different from the stress sensor 1 (see FIG. 1) in that the second light source 13 and the optical coupler 14 are not included.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the state of light propagation when no stress is applied to the optical fiber 11 of the stress sensor 3.
  • the stress sensor 3 only light having a wavelength ⁇ 1 emitted from the first light source 12, which is excitation light of the fluorescent dye 19, enters the optical fiber 11, is absorbed by the fluorescent dye 19, and has light having a different wavelength ⁇ 3 (for example, green light). Light) and emitted.
  • the stress sensor 3 has a wavelength ⁇ 1 in the visible light range (about 380 nm to 780 nm).
  • the light with the wavelength ⁇ 3 loses directivity, and therefore a part of the light with the wavelength ⁇ 3 leaks out from the side surface of the optical fiber 11 via the cladding 112.
  • Light of the remainder of the wavelength lambda 3 is emitted from the end surface 11e propagates through the core 111.
  • the light of wavelength lambda 3 is sometimes not emitted from the end surface 11e. Thereafter it will be described with the case where light of wavelength lambda 3 is emitted from the end face 11e as an example.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the state of light propagation when stress is applied to the optical fiber 11 of the stress sensor 3.
  • the position where the stress F is applied is indicated by a satin pattern (dot pattern) for convenience.
  • the light of the wavelength ⁇ 1 (for example, blue light) is also exposed to the side surface of the optical fiber 11 at the position where the stress F is applied. To the outside of the optical fiber 11.
  • the intensity of the light of wavelength ⁇ 1 is higher than the intensity of the light of wavelength ⁇ 3 .
  • the color visually recognized from the side surface of the optical fiber 11 at the position where the stress F is applied is predominantly the light with the wavelength ⁇ 1 .
  • the blue light wavelength lambda 1 of the light the color to be viewed from the side of the optical fiber 11 position it is under stress F becomes blue light.
  • the observer of the stress sensor 3 visually recognizes the color of light leakage from the side surface of the optical fiber 11 to detect the position where the optical fiber 11 is stressed (the position where the tension is generated in the optical fiber 11). be able to. For example, by winding the optical fiber 11 around the detection target, it is possible to detect the position where expansion is occurring in the detection target.
  • the stress sensor 3 can be used by spirally winding the optical fiber 11 constituting the stress sensor 3 around a detection target 300 (for example, a hydrogen cylinder).
  • a detection target 300 for example, a hydrogen cylinder
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view illustrating how the stress sensor 3 is used.
  • the first light source 12 emits light in the state of FIG. 11 and all or part of the detection target 300 is expanded. In this case, tension is generated in the optical fiber 11 wound around the expanded portion of the detection target 300.
  • the stress takes to have the position of the side surface of the optical fiber 11 (located tension to the optical fiber 11 is generated), the color of the wavelength lambda 3 of the light, varying the wavelength lambda 1 of the light to the color.
  • the side surface of the optical fiber 11 wound around the position A has a wavelength ⁇ 1 from the color of light having a wavelength ⁇ 3 (for example, green). Change to the color of light (for example, blue). Therefore, the position where expansion occurs in the detection target 300 can be detected with the naked eye.
  • the stress sensor 3 by using the stress sensor 3, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
  • the number of light sources can be reduced, which is advantageous in terms of cost.
  • the light of wavelength ⁇ 1 and the light of wavelength ⁇ 2 are incident on the optical fiber 11 as in the first embodiment, the light of wavelength ⁇ 1 (for example, blue light) is applied from the stressed position.
  • light of a wavelength ⁇ 2 for example, red light
  • ⁇ 3 for example, green
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view illustrating the configuration of the stress sensor 4. Referring to FIG. 12, the stress sensor 4 is different from the stress sensor 3 (see FIG. 8) in that it includes a scattering member 15.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view illustrating how the stress sensor 4 is used.
  • a scattering member 15 is disposed on the side surface of the optical fiber 11.
  • the leakage light enters the scattering member 15 and is scattered and the entire scattering member 15 is colored. Therefore, the visibility can be improved as compared with the case where the stress sensor 3 is used.
  • the stress sensor 4 in addition to the effects obtained by the stress sensor 3, the following effects are further exhibited. That is, by disposing the scattering member 15 on the side surface of the optical fiber 11, light leakage enters the scattering member 15 and scatters and the entire scattering member 15 is colored. Can be improved.
  • an optical fiber is not necessarily used, and a waveguide structure having an arbitrary shape having a core and a clad can be used.
  • a slab type optical waveguide may be used instead of a fiber type optical waveguide such as an optical fiber.
  • a spiral optical fiber may be embedded in the side wall of the detection target.
  • three or more light sources may be used.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

Ce capteur de contrainte comprend : une source de lumière qui émet une lumière d'une première longueur d'onde et une lumière d'une deuxième longueur d'onde qui est différente de la première longueur d'onde ; et un guide d'ondes optique sur lequel sont incidentes la lumière de la première longueur d'onde et la lumière de la deuxième longueur d'onde. Le guide d'ondes optique est pourvu : d'un noyau dans lequel est dispersé un colorant fluorescent ; et d'une gaine recouvrant la circonférence du noyau. Le colorant fluorescent est excité par la lumière de la première longueur d'onde et émet une lumière d'une troisième longueur d'onde ; et la deuxième longueur d'onde et la troisième longueur d'onde s'inscrivent dans la plage de lumière visible.
PCT/JP2016/082631 2015-11-04 2016-11-02 Capteur de contrainte WO2017078083A1 (fr)

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JP2015216995 2015-11-04
JP2015-216995 2015-11-04

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59163936U (ja) * 1983-04-20 1984-11-02 オムロン株式会社 光伝送フアイバ
US5499313A (en) * 1982-08-06 1996-03-12 Kleinerman; Marcos Y. Distributed and spatially averaged fiber optic temperature sensors and method using same

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5499313A (en) * 1982-08-06 1996-03-12 Kleinerman; Marcos Y. Distributed and spatially averaged fiber optic temperature sensors and method using same
JPS59163936U (ja) * 1983-04-20 1984-11-02 オムロン株式会社 光伝送フアイバ

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DAICHI MIZOROGI ET AL.: "Output Beam Analysis of the Fluorophore-Doped Polymer Optical Fiber Under the Normal Stress", DAI 62 KAI JSAP SPRING MEETING KOEN YOKOSHU, 26 February 2015 (2015-02-26), pages 11 - 427, ISBN: 978-4-86348-483-2 *

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