WO2017073149A1 - 樹脂ファイバー製造方法と製造装置、機能性シート材製造方法と製造装置、樹脂ファイバー堆積物の製造装置、樹脂ファイバー両面堆積物の製造装置、微粒子捕集フィルター、ノズル部、及びファイバー堆積物の製造方法 - Google Patents
樹脂ファイバー製造方法と製造装置、機能性シート材製造方法と製造装置、樹脂ファイバー堆積物の製造装置、樹脂ファイバー両面堆積物の製造装置、微粒子捕集フィルター、ノズル部、及びファイバー堆積物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017073149A1 WO2017073149A1 PCT/JP2016/074734 JP2016074734W WO2017073149A1 WO 2017073149 A1 WO2017073149 A1 WO 2017073149A1 JP 2016074734 W JP2016074734 W JP 2016074734W WO 2017073149 A1 WO2017073149 A1 WO 2017073149A1
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- resin
- gas
- resin fiber
- fiber
- collection
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
- D04H3/033—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random reorientation immediately after yarn or filament formation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resin fiber manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing resin fibers (nanofibers) having a diameter of less than 1 micron using a resin such as PLA, PA, PET, and PP, and a manufacturing method and manufacturing of a breathable seed material. Relates to the device.
- the present invention is used in an apparatus for producing a resin fiber deposit having a diameter of less than 10 microns from a resin such as PLA, PA, PET, PP, etc., a particulate collection filter that is the resin fiber deposit, and an apparatus for producing these. It relates to the nozzle part.
- An electrospinning method is known as a method for producing a resin fiber having a diameter of less than 1 micron. Briefly, a syringe is filled with a polymer solution as a material, and a needle electrode attached to the syringe and a collector electrode on which polymer fibers are deposited are several kV to several tens kV. Generate a strong electric field. In such a state, when the polymer solution is released from the needle-type electrode of the syringe, the solvent in the liquid evaporates in the electric field, and the polymer is stretched while solidifying to become a fiber and deposit on the collector electrode It is.
- patent documents for example, patent documents 1, 2, 3, etc.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to such a problem, and comprises a resin fiber manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus capable of safely and inexpensively manufacturing a resin fiber having a diameter of less than 1 micron, and a resin fiber having a diameter of less than 1 micron. It aims at providing the manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus of a functional sheet material.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for easily producing a resin fiber deposit having a diameter of less than 10 microns from a thermoplastic resin and a particulate collection filter which is the resin fiber deposit.
- gas is pumped into the gas flow passage and continuously spouted from the gas outlet at the end of the flow passage as a spiral gas swirl flow, and the plasticized resin is supplied to the gas outlet.
- a resin fiber having a diameter of less than 1 micron is manufactured by supplying the gas to the vicinity and blowing it off while extending in the traveling direction of the gas swirl flow.
- the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus includes a plasticizing apparatus for plasticizing a resin, a gas jet for ejecting a gas swirl, and a resin discharge for discharging the plasticized resin to the vicinity of the gas jet.
- vortex flow to the said nozzle part were provided.
- the functional sheet material manufacturing method according to the present invention was plasticized by pumping gas into the gas flow passage and continuously ejecting it downward as a spiral gas swirl flow from the gas outlet at the end of the flow passage. Resin is supplied to the vicinity of the gas outlet and blown away while extending in the direction of the gas swirling flow to generate a resin fiber having a diameter of less than 1 micron, and the generated resin fiber is placed below the nozzle portion.
- the functional sheet material is collected by compressing and fixing the resin fiber deposit collected on the resin fiber collecting tool in a sheet shape, collected by a flat resin fiber collecting tool that is disposed and swings horizontally. It is characterized by manufacturing.
- the functional sheet material manufacturing apparatus is a functional sheet material manufacturing apparatus in which the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus is incorporated, and the nozzle portion ejects a gas swirl flow downward, below the nozzle portion.
- a flat resin fiber collector is disposed on the horizontal axis, and the collector is horizontally swung to collect the resin fiber.
- the apparatus for producing a resin fiber deposit according to the present invention is configured to pump a gas into a gas flow passage and continuously eject the gas as a spiral gas swirl flow from a gas outlet at the end of the flow passage.
- a resin fiber manufacturing apparatus that manufactures a resin fiber by supplying the gas in the vicinity of the periphery of the jet outlet and blowing it off while extending in the traveling direction of the gas swirl flow, and is disposed at a predetermined distance from the gas jet outlet. It is characterized by comprising a cylindrical collection container for isolating the space where the swirl flow proceeds from the outer space, and an exhaust device for forcibly exhausting air from the back of the collection container.
- the resin fiber double-sided deposit manufacturing apparatus is a combination of two resin fiber deposit manufacturing apparatuses, and the first collection container and the second collection container are parallel to each other and opposite to each other.
- the feeding roll machine feeds a new collection body toward the collection body introduction port of the first collection container, and the first collection container has one of the collection containers.
- the collection body after the resin fibers are deposited on the surface is discharged from the collection body discharge port of the first collection container and sent as it is toward the collection body supply port of the second collection container,
- the winding roll machine is configured to draw out and wind up the collected body after the resin fibers are deposited on the opposite surface of the second collecting container from the collecting body outlet of the second collecting container.
- the particulate collection filter according to the present invention includes a planar mesh body and a resin fiber deposition layer integrated with one surface of the mesh body.
- the resin body includes a large number of resin fibers.
- the resin fibers are deposited in a state of being oriented in parallel with each other, and the diameter of the resin fiber deposited in the deposited layer is less than 10 microns.
- the particulate collection filter according to the present invention includes a planar mesh body and two deposited layers of resin fibers integrated with each surface of the mesh body.
- the resin fibers are deposited in a state of being oriented in parallel with the network, and the resin fibers deposited in at least one of the deposited layers are less than 10 microns in diameter.
- the nozzle portion according to the present invention is a nozzle portion for producing a resin fiber from a plasticized resin, and has a cone-shaped protrusion, and a resin discharge port for discharging the plasticized resin to the tip of the protrusion.
- the nozzle body has a gas outlet at the tip, and is arranged at regular intervals along the conical surface of the protrusion and at a constant angle with respect to the direction toward the tip of the protrusion.
- a plurality of gas ejection pipes, and the resin droplets ejected from the resin ejection ports are blown off while being stretched by the gas swirl flow ejected from the plurality of gas ejection ports.
- the nozzle portion according to the present invention is a nozzle portion for producing a resin fiber from a plasticized resin, and has a cone-shaped protrusion, and a resin discharge port for discharging the plasticized resin to the tip of the protrusion.
- a nozzle body, a gas ejection device for ejecting a gas flow from a gas ejection port arranged in an annular shape surrounding the projection to the tip of the projection, and the gas ejection surrounding the projection An accelerating tube that is arranged on the downstream side of the apparatus and accelerates the gas flow so that the center of the gas flow is faster than the peripheral part, and the resin droplets discharged from the resin discharge port It is characterized by being blown off while being stretched by a gas swirl flow ejected from an outlet and further accelerated by the acceleration tube.
- the gas is pumped into the gas flow passage and continuously spouted from the gas outlet at the end of the flow passage as a spiral gas swirl, and liquefied in the vicinity of the gas outlet.
- the fiber raw material is supplied and blown off while being stretched by the gas swirl flow to form a fiber, and the trapping space of the gas swirl flow is separated from the outer space by a cylindrical collection container. Air is forcibly exhausted from the back of the collection container, and the fibers that have been flying and contained in the gas swirl flow are deposited on the collection body arranged inside the collection container. It is characterized in that the obtained fiber deposit is obtained.
- the present invention is a mechanism for stretching resin droplets by a spiral gas swirl flow of gas ejected from a nozzle portion, resin fiber production can be easily performed. There is no risk of electric shock even if the device is touched. Therefore, a resin fiber and a functional sheet material can be manufactured at low cost and safely.
- a fiber deposit having a diameter of less than 10 microns can be easily produced from a fiber material that is a thermoplastic resin or a cellulose derivative.
- a particulate collection filter made of fibers having a diameter of less than 10 microns can be provided at a very low cost.
- (A), (b) is the top view and front view which show the more concrete structure of the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus. It is a simple longitudinal cross-sectional view of the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus made into the other example of embodiment.
- (A), (b) is the whole perspective view of the nozzle part provided in the front-end
- (A), (b) is the whole perspective view of the modification of a nozzle part, and sectional drawing which shows the state which cut
- FIGS. 8A to 8D are a series of longitudinal sectional views of the nozzle portion for explaining the resin fiber formation process using the gas flow in time series. It is a simple longitudinal cross-sectional view of the functional sheet material manufacturing apparatus made into an example of embodiment. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the fiber deposit manufacturing apparatus made into the other example of embodiment.
- FIG. (A) is a perspective view which shows an example of a collection body, and a perspective view which shows an example of the fine particle collection filter formed by a fiber depositing on the collection body.
- FIG. (B) is a perspective view which shows an example of a collection body, and a perspective view which shows an example of the fine particle collection filter formed by a fiber depositing on the collection body.
- FIG. (A) is a perspective view which shows an example of a collection body, and a perspective view which shows an example of the fine particle collection filter formed by a fiber depositing on the collection body.
- FIG. 1 is a simple longitudinal sectional view of a resin fiber manufacturing apparatus as an example of an embodiment.
- the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 plasticizes the resin by the screw type plasticizing apparatus 10 and discharges it little by little as a resin droplet from the nozzle portion 11, and blows off the discharged resin droplet by the gas swirl flow ejected from the nozzle portion 11.
- It is a kind of spinning device that has the effect of drawing into a fiber having a diameter of less than 1 micron. That is, since the mechanism is that the resin droplets are stretched by the air flow, the manufacturing structure is simplified. Moreover, since a high voltage is not applied during driving, there is no risk of electric shock even if the manufacturing apparatus is touched. Therefore, resin fiber can be mass-produced at low cost and safely.
- thermoplastic resins such as PLA (polylactic acid), PA (polyamide), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), and PP (polypropylene) are suitable, but are not limited thereto. If the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 is appropriately controlled, resin fibers (nanofibers) having a diameter of less than 1 micron can be obtained using those resins as fiber raw materials.
- the plastic resin is polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), ABS resin, methacrylic resin (acrylic), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacetal (POM), polycarbonate (PC), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). , Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polyamideimide (PAI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, liquid crystal polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, heat There are plastic polyurethane, acrylonitrile styrene copolymer, etc., and these can also be used as raw materials for resin fibers.
- Cellulose derivatives (cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.) can also be used as fiber raw materials.
- Cellulose derivatives include those that exhibit thermoplasticity and those that dissolve in specific solvents, both of which can be used as fiber raw materials.
- thermoplastic resins described above can be used as a fiber raw material.
- the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a screw type plasticizing apparatus 10 having a plasticizing cylinder 12 in which a vent hole 12a for releasing steam is formed in an intermediate portion, and a gas jet at the end of a gas flow path formed asymmetrically.
- the plasticizing apparatus 10 is not limited to a uniaxial type, and may be a biaxial type.
- the nozzle portion 11 is made of ordinary steel, various alloys, or the like, and has a gas ejection port 11a and a resin discharge port 11b formed on the end surface, and a gas introduction port 11d formed on the side surface.
- the gas outlet 11a and the gas inlet 11d are communicated by a gas flow path.
- the resin discharge port 11 b is formed through the nozzle portion 11 so as to communicate with the inside of the tip portion of the plasticizing cylinder 12.
- the plasticizing cylinder 12 is a cylinder made of plain steel or the like having a high magnetic permeability.
- the nozzle portion 11 is attached to the front end portion, the vent hole 12a is formed in the middle portion, and the raw material is charged in the vicinity of the rear end portion.
- a mouth 12b is formed.
- a screw 15 is rotatably mounted on the plasticizing cylinder 12.
- a base portion 15 a of the screw 15 extends from the rear end portion of the plasticizing cylinder 12 and is connected to the output shaft of the motor device 16.
- the raw material inlet 12b is provided with a hopper 21 for storing resin pellets.
- An induction heating coil 13 a is wound around the plasticizing cylinder 12 as a heating device 13.
- the coil 13a can be made of a general copper wire, aluminum wire or the like.
- the heating device 13 is configured to supply AC control power to the coil 13a.
- the temperature can be set for each part of the plasticizing cylinder 12 by individually controlling the electric power of the coils 13 a wound independently at various places of the plasticizing cylinder 12.
- the induction heating of the plasticizing cylinder 12 will be briefly described.
- An alternating current is passed through the coil 13 a, thereby generating an alternating magnetic field in the axial direction of the plasticizing cylinder 12.
- the plasticizing cylinder 12 is formed of a magnetic material exhibiting a high magnetic permeability, most of the magnetic field passes through the wall surface of the plasticizing cylinder 12.
- an eddy current is induced in the wall surface of the plasticizing cylinder 12 in the direction that cancels the change in the magnetic field, that is, in the circumferential direction.
- the plasticizing cylinder 12 is heated by Joule heat generated by the eddy current. If such induction heating is used, the heating device 13 becomes compact and the efficiency increases.
- blowers 13b may be provided in the plasticizing cylinder 12 so that each part can be freely air-cooled. Then, the temperature of the overheated part can be forcibly lowered, and the temperature control of the plasticizing cylinder 12 can be performed with high accuracy.
- the screw 15 is made of ordinary steel or various alloys, and a spiral groove 15f is formed over substantially the entire length of the outer peripheral surface.
- the screw 15 has a supply area 15b, a first measurement area 15c, a vent area 15d, a second measurement area 15e, and the like that are set in front of the base portion 15a by changing the shaft diameter of the spiral groove 15f for each part. .
- the supply area 15b and the vent area 15d have shaft diameters selected so that the spatial volume per pitch is larger than that of the first and second measurement areas 15c and 15e. For this reason, the resin compressed in the first metering region 15c is decompressed in the vent region 15d.
- vent hole 12a is disposed in the vent region 15d, the resin ejection phenomenon (vent up phenomenon) can be suppressed. By such a vent, the purity of the resin is efficiently increased, and it becomes possible to produce a high-quality resin fiber.
- the screw 15 may have a constant shaft diameter and may have a different pitch for each region.
- the motor device 16 is configured to freely control the rotation speed. There is no particular limitation on the type of the motor device 16, and a stepping motor, a brush motor, a brushless motor, or the like can be used. Between the base 15a of the screw 15 and the output shaft of the motor device 16, a power transmission device (not shown) composed of a gear, a clutch, or the like is interposed. Further, the power transmission device may be provided with a function of moving the screw 15 forward and backward freely in the axial direction. Then, the pressure control in the plasticizing cylinder 12 can be performed not only by the rotation of the screw 15 but also by the advancement and retraction of the screw 15.
- the gas supply device 14 has a configuration in which a compressor 14a having a compression capacity of about 2 to 6 atmospheres and a heater 14b for heating the compressed gas to about 300 to 500 degrees Celsius are connected in series.
- a compressor 14a having a compression capacity of about 2 to 6 atmospheres and a heater 14b for heating the compressed gas to about 300 to 500 degrees Celsius
- the heater 14b is not particularly limited, and for example, a circulation heater can be used.
- FIG. 2A and 2B are a plan view and a front view showing a more specific configuration of the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus. Elements common to FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. A part of the conduit between the nozzle portion 11 and the heater 14b is omitted.
- the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 is a small one with a caster, and a plasticizing cylinder 12 is fixed to an upper portion of a base 17.
- a coil 13a is wound around the plasticizing cylinder 12 (not shown), and the outside is covered with a heat insulating material 13c. In the heat insulating material 13c, the upper half of the portion corresponding to the vent hole 12a of the plasticizing cylinder 12 is cut out, and the vent hole 12a is exposed to the outside. A part of the screw 15 can be seen from the vent hole 12a.
- a nozzle portion 11 is attached to the tip of the plasticizing cylinder 12.
- Sensors (not shown) for measuring the pressure and temperature of the resin are provided at appropriate positions of the nozzle unit 11 and the plasticizing cylinder 12, and the temperature control of the plasticizing cylinder 12 and the rotation of the screw 15 are performed based on the detection signals. Control is made.
- a power transmission device 19 is provided at the rear end portion of the plasticizing cylinder 12, and a motor device 16 is disposed below the power transmission device 19. If the motor device 16 is arranged so as to avoid the position immediately after the plasticizing cylinder 12 in this way, it is necessary to remove the heavy motor device 16 when removing the screw 15 backward from the plasticizing cylinder 12 for maintenance or the like. Work becomes easier.
- a feeder device 20 is provided corresponding to the raw material inlet 12 b of the plasticizing cylinder 12.
- the feeder device 20 includes a hopper 21 for storing resin pellets, and the amount of resin pellets supplied per hour can be freely adjusted by controlling the rotation of a motor unit 20a serving as a drive source.
- the base 17 includes a heating device 13 that supplies an alternating current to the coil 13a, a control circuit (inverter circuit) of a motor device 16 that drives the screw 15, a power supply circuit, and the like.
- a control panel 22 is disposed above the base 17, and is provided with a rotation number setting device for the motor device 16, an on / off switch for the motor device 16, a spot heater controller, and the like.
- a resin fiber collecting tool (not shown) for receiving the resin fiber is disposed at a certain distance in front of the nozzle portion 11.
- the collecting tool for example, a cardboard box opened on one side may be used.
- the resin pellets are put into the hopper 21, the heating device 13 is operated, the coil 13a is energized, and the plasticizing cylinder 12 is heated to a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the resin.
- the gas supply device 14 is also operated to supply the nozzle unit 11 with a gas whose temperature and pressure are set to 300 to 500 degrees Celsius and about 2 to 6 atmospheres. This gas is ejected from the gas ejection port 11a of the nozzle portion 11 into the air.
- the resin droplet is sucked toward the concave portion 11c of the nozzle portion 11 by the gas swirling flow ejected from the gas ejection port 11a, separated from the nozzle portion 11 at the boundary of the concave portion 11c, and blown forward.
- the resin droplet is stretched into a fiber shape while being separated from the nozzle portion 11 and being blown away. According to this embodiment, a resin fiber having a diameter of 20 nanometers to 700 nanometers can be obtained.
- FIG. 3 is a simple longitudinal sectional view of a resin fiber manufacturing apparatus as another example of the embodiment.
- the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 is a screw pre-plastic plasticization having a plasticizing cylinder 12 in which a vent hole 12a for releasing a vapor such as moisture is formed at an intermediate portion and an extrusion cylinder 31 for extruding the plasticized resin.
- the nozzle part 11 in which the apparatus 10, the gas jet port 11a at the end of the gas flow path formed asymmetrically, and the resin discharge port 11b for discharging the plasticized resin to the vicinity of the gas jet port 11a are formed.
- a gas supply device 14 for supplying heated gas to the nozzle portion 11.
- the plasticizing cylinder 12 has an induction heating coil 13a wound over substantially the entire length, a vent hole 12a is formed in the middle portion, and a check valve 27 is provided at the tip portion.
- the coil 13a is covered with a predetermined heat insulating material 13c.
- the tip of the plasticizing cylinder 12 is communicated with a proper position of the extrusion cylinder 31 through a check valve 27.
- the base 15 a of the screw 15 provided in the plasticizing cylinder 12 is connected to the output shaft of the motor device 16 through the power cylinder device 19.
- the motor device 16 is a power source that rotates the screw 15, and the power cylinder device 19 is a power source that moves the screw 15 back and forth.
- the power cylinder device 19 includes a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, and the like. Here, the basic structure of a hydraulic cylinder is shown as an example.
- the screw 12 is moved back and forth by adjusting the hydraulic pressure applied to the A and B chambers shown in the figure. As the screw 12 advances, the resin P accumulated at the tip of the plasticizing cylinder 12 is sent to the extrusion cylinder 31.
- the plunger device 30 has a configuration in which a plunger 32 is inserted into an extrusion cylinder 31 so as to be movable back and forth.
- the extrusion cylinder 31 is a cylindrical body made of a magnetic metal exhibiting a high magnetic permeability, such as ordinary steel.
- the induction heating coil 13a is wound over substantially the entire length of the extrusion cylinder 31, and the nozzle portion 11 is mounted at the tip. The rear end is opened to extend the plunger 32 rearward.
- the coil 13a is covered with a heat insulating material 13c.
- the induction heating of the plasticizing cylinder 12 and the extrusion cylinder 31 by the heating device 13 is the same as described above. It is preferable to keep the plasticizing cylinder 12 and the extrusion cylinder 31 at substantially the same temperature by appropriately controlling the alternating current of the coils 13a and 13a.
- the plunger 32 is a rod made of ordinary steel or various alloys, a small-diameter portion 32a that is slightly narrowed in order to smoothly introduce the resin from the plasticizing cylinder 12, and a large-diameter portion 32b that matches the inner diameter of the extrusion cylinder 31.
- the rear end is connected to the power cylinder device 33.
- the power cylinder device 33 is composed of a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder and the like.
- the basic structure of a hydraulic cylinder is shown as an example.
- the plunger 32 is moved back and forth by adjusting the hydraulic pressure applied to the illustrated C and D chambers.
- the resin accumulated at the tip of the extrusion cylinder 31 is discharged from the nozzle portion 11 as resin droplets.
- the resin droplets are blown forward by a gas swirl flow ejected from the gas ejection port 11a of the nozzle portion 11 and stretched into a fiber shape.
- the stretching action of the resin droplets by the gas swirl flow is the same as that in the above embodiment.
- the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is a mechanism for releasing the resin from the nozzle portion 11 by the pushing action of the plunger device 30, the resin can be quantitatively evaluated without being affected by the pulsation caused by the rotation of the screw 15. Can be released. As a result, the effect that the length and thickness of the resin fiber are equalized can be expected.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are an overall perspective view of a nozzle portion provided at a tip portion of the plasticizing cylinder or the extrusion cylinder, and a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the nozzle portion is cut along an axis.
- the nozzle portion 11 has a cylindrical shape, and has a funnel-shaped concave portion 11c formed at the center of the end face thereof, and a gas outlet 11a having a diameter of about 1 to 2 mm is opened at the deepest portion.
- the gas ejection port 11a communicates with a gas introduction port 11d having a diameter of 3 to 6 mm provided on the side surface of the nozzle portion 11.
- a plurality of resin discharge ports 11b having a diameter of about 0.1 to 0.3 mm are formed in the upper part of the periphery of the recess 11c.
- the resin discharge port 11 b penetrates the nozzle portion 11 so as to communicate with the inner space of the plasticizing cylinder 12 or the extrusion cylinder 31.
- the resin discharge port 11b may have a small diameter of about 0.1 to 0.3 mm only in the vicinity of the outlet, and the other flow passage portion 11f may have a diameter of about 1 to 2 mm to suppress pressure loss (not shown).
- a plurality of screw holes 11e are formed through the peripheral edge of the end surface so as to screw the nozzle portion 11 to the plasticizing cylinder or the extrusion cylinder.
- a gas flow passage that leads from the gas inlet 11d to the gas outlet 11a has a large diameter portion 11g that extends from the gas inlet 11d toward the center of the nozzle portion 11, and branches from the large diameter portion 11g to the gas outlet 11a. It consists of a small diameter part 11h (see broken line).
- the large-diameter portion 11g and the small-diameter portion 11h are arranged in an asymmetric positional relationship where the central axes do not intersect with each other. That is, the gas flow passage is formed asymmetrically in a pipeline. When the gas is pumped into the gas flow passage formed in this way, the gas passes through the gas flow passage while swirling, and is ejected from the gas outlet 11d as a spiral gas swirl flow.
- the gas ejected from the gas ejection port 11a of the nozzle portion 11 advances while rotating spirally. Since this gas swirl flow has a different flow direction and speed at each location, compared to non-swirl flow, the action of accelerating the resin droplets is stronger when blowing the resin droplets, effectively stretching the resin droplets. It is considered possible.
- the recess 11c is not necessarily formed in the nozzle 11c, and the gas outlet 11a may be provided in the center of the flat end surface, and the resin outlet 11b may be provided in the vicinity thereof.
- the end surface of the nozzle 11c may be formed so that the resin droplets discharged from the resin discharge port 11b are drawn to the gas discharge port 11a by the gas flow discharged from the gas discharge port 11a.
- some modified examples of the nozzle portion will be described.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are an overall perspective view of a modified example of the nozzle portion and a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the nozzle portion is cut along the axis. Elements common to the nozzle portions shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- This modification is different from the nozzle portion in that the resin discharge port 11b is formed on the inner slope of the recess 11c.
- the gas flow path is composed of a large diameter portion 11g and a small diameter portion 11h, and the large diameter portion 11g and the small diameter portion 11h are arranged in an asymmetrical positional relationship in which the central axes do not intersect with each other. Therefore, the gas ejected from the gas ejection port 11a becomes a gas swirl flow that travels while spirally swirling.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are an overall perspective view of a further modified example of the nozzle portion and a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the nozzle portion is cut along the axis.
- Elements common to the nozzle portions shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- a trapezoidal protrusion 11i is formed at the center of the recess 11c, and the resin discharge port 11b is formed on the end surface of the protrusion 11i.
- the gas flow passage is composed of a large diameter portion 11g and a small diameter portion 11h, and the large diameter portion 11g and the small diameter portion 11h are arranged in an asymmetric positional relationship in which the central axes do not intersect with each other. Therefore, the gas ejected from the gas ejection port 11a becomes a gas swirl flow that travels while spirally swirling.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are an overall perspective view of a further modified example of the nozzle portion and a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the nozzle portion is cut along the axis.
- Elements common to the nozzle portions shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the concave portion 11c forms a cylindrical inner surface having a flat bottom surface
- the gas ejection port 11a is opened at the center of the bottom surface
- the resin discharge port 11b is a bottom surface around the resin discharge port 11a. There are multiple openings.
- the gas flow passage is composed of a large diameter portion 11g and a small diameter portion 11h, and the large diameter portion 11g and the small diameter portion 11h are arranged in an asymmetric positional relationship in which the central axes do not intersect with each other. Therefore, the gas ejected from the gas ejection port 11a becomes a gas swirl flow that travels while spirally swirling.
- Each of the nozzles has a gas flow path formed asymmetrically.
- the gas is ejected as a gas swirl flow.
- the mechanism for ejecting the gas swirl flow is asymmetric. It is not limited to simple pipe formation.
- a spiral groove may be circulated around the inner wall of the flow passage near the gas jet port.
- FIGS. 8A to 8D are a series of longitudinal sectional views of the nozzle portion for explaining the resin fiber formation process using the gas flow in time series.
- FIG. 8A shows a stage in which resin is discharged from the resin discharge port 11b of the nozzle portion 11 to form resin droplets P.
- FIG. The gas swirl B is ejected from the recess 11 c of the nozzle 11.
- the solid line arrow in the figure indicates the gas flow on the front side of the paper surface
- the dotted line indicates the gas flow on the back side of the paper surface
- the gas swirl flow B is swirling in the right screw direction.
- the swirling direction of the gas swirling flow B may be a right-handed screw direction or a left-handed screw direction depending on the shape of the nozzle portion 11 or the like.
- FIG. 8B shows a stage in which the resin droplet P drawn to the boundary of the recess 11c starts to be drawn downstream by receiving a gas flow.
- FIG. 8C shows a stage where the resin droplet P is further stretched by the gas flow.
- FIG. 8D shows a stage where the resin droplet P is further stretched while being blown away from the nozzle portion 11.
- the resin droplets P lose their plasticity due to cooling, and no longer stretch.
- the gas is heated to about 300 to 500 degrees Celsius in advance, but when it is ejected from the gas ejection port 11a of the nozzle portion 11, it is mixed with the surrounding air and rapidly cooled, and at the same time, the resin is also cooled. Therefore, the stretching effect on the resin droplet P is limited to a certain range from the nozzle portion 11.
- the resin fiber F thus formed can be easily collected by a resin fiber collecting tool (not shown) installed in front of the nozzle portion 11. If a box-shaped collecting tool is used, the resin fibers F are deposited like cotton candy in the box. If the resin fiber deposit becomes a certain amount, it may be taken out of the box and packed in a bag or the like.
- the resin fiber F is produced
- a resin fiber can be produced by making the resin flowable by heating with a plasticizing apparatus, and stretching and curing the resin by blowing it with a higher temperature gas swirl B. It is also conceivable to produce resin fibers by blowing the polymer solution droplets used in the electrospinning method by blowing the gas swirl B and drawing it, and at the same time evaporating the solvent in the solution. In this case, the gas used as the gas swirl flow B may remain at room temperature.
- a functional sheet material manufacturing apparatus configured using the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 will be described.
- a screw type apparatus is used as the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus, but a functional sheet material manufacturing apparatus can also be configured by a screw pre-plastic type apparatus.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a functional sheet material manufacturing apparatus as an example of the embodiment. Elements common to FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a plurality of nozzle portions 11 that eject the gas swirl flow B downward, and is suitable for mass production of sheet materials.
- the nozzles 11 are arranged two-dimensionally in the order of several tens to several hundreds depending on the size of the sheet material to be manufactured. .. Are communicated with the tip of the plasticizing cylinder 12 by a pipe line 24.
- a gear pump 23 for quantitatively discharging resin is provided at the tip of the plasticizing cylinder 12 so that a certain amount of resin can be transported to each of the nozzle portions 11.
- the pipe line 24 may be appropriately surrounded by a heat insulating material 13c to keep the temperature of the resin.
- a flat resin fiber collecting tool 25 is disposed below the nozzle portions 11.
- the collection tool 25 should just have the width corresponding to the sheet
- the swinging means for that purpose is not particularly limited. For example, a belt conveyor may be used, or an XY table may be used.
- the gas ejected from the gas ejection ports 11a of the nozzle portions 11,... Becomes a gas swirl flow B that descends while spirally swirling.
- the resin droplets discharged from the nozzle portion 11 are stretched by the gas swirl flow B, and the resin fibers F formed as a result spread and accumulate on the surface of the collector 25 placed below. If the collection tool 25 is horizontally swung to the collection concentration of the resin fiber F, the resin fiber F spreads evenly on the surface of the collection tool 25, and a resin fiber deposit A having a constant thickness is obtained.
- the resin fiber deposit A is compressed and fixed into a sheet shape using a sheet material fixing device 26 constituted by a needle punch device or the like, and cut into a predetermined size, the sheet has a very fine air permeability.
- a material nonwoven fabric is obtained.
- the sheet material manufactured in this way contains a large amount of air inside, it is excellent in soundproofing and heat insulating properties and can be suitably used for various building materials. Moreover, since it has air permeability and is dense, it can be suitably used as an air filter for PM2.5, for example. Moreover, since it is excellent in the adsorbability of foreign substances, such as oil, it can be used suitably also for a cleaning tool etc. Further, since it is excellent in liquid impregnation properties, it may be impregnated with various chemicals or the like to have a unique function. Note that the sheet material may be adjusted in density or the like by mixing various natural fibers or synthetic fibers before or after immobilization.
- FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a resin fiber deposit manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment.
- the arrow in a figure shows the flow of gas and air.
- the resin fiber deposit manufacturing apparatus 4 of this example continuously ejects a spiral gas swirl flow B from a gas outlet 11a, and supplies a plasticized resin in the vicinity of the gas outlet 11a to rotate the gas.
- the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 for forming the resin fiber F by blowing it off while being stretched into a fiber shape by the flow B, and a predetermined distance from the gas ejection port 11a are arranged, and the space where the gas swirl flow B proceeds is an outer space.
- a cylindrical collection container 6 that is isolated from the air and an exhaust device 7 that forcibly exhausts air from the back of the collection container 6.
- the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a plasticizing apparatus 10 and a nozzle portion 11. As a raw material of the resin fiber, it corresponds to a simple substance or a mixture of a thermoplastic resin and a cellulose derivative exhibiting thermoplasticity.
- the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 is configured as a screw device, and includes a plasticizing cylinder 12 and a screw 15 provided therein.
- the plasticizing cylinder 12 is a cylinder made of ordinary steel or various alloys, and a nozzle portion 11 is fixed to the tip portion.
- a screw 15 is accommodated inside the plasticizing cylinder 12.
- a raw material inlet 12b is formed on the rear upper surface of the plasticizing cylinder 12, and a hopper 21 is provided thereabove.
- a heating device 13 and a heat insulating material 13c are wound.
- the plasticizing cylinder 12 does not have a vent hole. Therefore, the effect of removing impurities such as moisture from the resin cannot be obtained, but there is an advantage that a higher pressure can be applied to the plasticized resin.
- the screw 15 is a rod made of ordinary steel or various alloys, and a spiral groove 15f is formed over substantially the entire length of the outer peripheral surface.
- the spiral groove 15f is divided into a supply region 15b, a metering region 15c, and the like by varying the shaft diameter.
- the base 15 a of the screw 15 protrudes rearward from the plasticizing cylinder 12 and is connected to the output shaft of the motor device 16.
- the motor device 16 is a power source that rotates the screw 15.
- the nozzle unit 11 is the same as that shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b).
- a compressor 14 a that pumps gas
- a heater 14 b that heats the gas are connected to the nozzle unit 11.
- the compressor 14a is a rotary compressor that rotates an impeller 14c by a motor 14d.
- the type of the compressor 14a is not particularly limited, and may be a positive displacement compressor.
- a gas tank for suppressing gas pulsation may be attached to the compressor 14a (not shown).
- a high-pressure cylinder may be used instead of the compressor 14a.
- the gas air, nitrogen, inert gas or the like can be used.
- the heater 14b is an element that heats the gas fed from the compressor 14a.
- an in-line heater in which the heating element 14f is accommodated in the shell 14e is illustrated here, but the type of the heater 14b is not particularly limited.
- the gas to be the gas swirl flow B is preferably heated to a temperature similar to that of the plasticizing cylinder 12.
- the gas heated by the heater 14b is sent to the nozzle part 11 through piping or the like.
- the heating device 13 includes an induction heating coil 13a or a heating wire, and is wound around the plasticizing cylinder 12.
- an eddy current is generated in the plasticizing cylinder 12 by energization of the coil 13a, and in the case of a heating wire that generates heat from the plasticizing cylinder 12 itself, the plasticizing cylinder is generated by heat generation of the energized heating wire. 12 is heated from the outside.
- the heat insulating material 13c can be made of, for example, brick, glass wool, or the like.
- the collection container 6 is a sheet metal or resin cylinder that is open on one side, and an exhaust device 7 is connected to the rear side of the body 6b having the same diameter as the opening 6a.
- the connecting portion of the exhaust device 7 may be formed in a gradually narrowing shape so that the air flow is smooth.
- the body portion 6b may have a cylindrical shape or a rectangular tube shape.
- the collection container 6 is arranged at a predetermined distance with the opening 6a facing the gas ejection port 11a. The diameter of the collection container 6 and the distance from the gas outlet 11a may be determined according to the spread of the gas swirl B.
- the diameter of the opening 6a and the distance from the gas outlet 11a it is preferable to determine the diameter of the opening 6a and the distance from the gas outlet 11a so that the entire gas swirl B that travels in a conical shape enters the collection container 6. If the diameter of the opening 6a and the distance from the gas outlet 11a are appropriate, the gas collection container 6 is in a state in which the space where the gas swirl flow B travels is isolated from the outer space, and is exhausted from the back of the collection container 6. By forcibly evacuating the air by the device 7, an effect of promoting the entry of the gas swirl B into the collection container 6 and the progress inside the collection container 6 can be obtained.
- a plurality of resin fiber manufacturing apparatuses 1 may be combined with the large collection container 6.
- the exhaust device 7 may be a general blower configured to rotate the impeller 7a by a motor.
- the exhaust device 7 may have a capability of exhausting more air than the amount of gas flowing into the collection container 6 as the gas swirl flow B.
- the plasticizing cylinder 12 is heated to a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the resin by the heating device 13. Further, the compressor 14a and the heater 14b are operated, and the gas whose temperature and pressure are about 300 to 500 degrees Celsius and about 2 to 6 atmospheres is supplied to the nozzle unit 11. This gas is injected as a gas swirl flow B from the gas outlet 11 a of the nozzle portion 11. Further, the exhaust device 7 provided in the collection container 6 is operated so that the entire gas swirl B smoothly enters the collection container 6.
- the plasticized resin should have a shear rate of 1.21 ⁇ 10E + 3 to 1.21 ⁇ 10E + 4 (1 / s) and a viscosity (Viscosity) of 1 to 1000 (Pa ⁇ s). It is preferably 1 to 500 (Pa ⁇ s), more preferably 10 to 500 (Pa ⁇ s).
- the plasticized resin is gradually discharged from the resin discharge port 11b of the nozzle portion 11 as a resin droplet.
- the resin droplets are sucked into the concave portion 11c by the gas swirl B ejected from the gas outlet 11a, separated from the nozzle portion 11 at the boundary of the concave portion 11c, and blown forward. While the resin droplets are being separated from the nozzle portion 11, the resin droplets are then stretched into a fiber shape while being blown forward by the gas swirl flow B, and finally solidify into resin fibers F.
- the diameter of the resin fiber F can be freely adjusted in the range of several tens of nanometers to several tens of microns.
- the resin is a crystalline polymer, crystallization is accelerated by stretching, and a resin fiber F having a high degree of crystallinity is obtained. If the diameter of the resin fiber F is less than 10 microns, the utility value of the resin fiber F increases.
- the diameter of the resin fiber F is preferably 0.001 to 10 microns, and more preferably 0.01 to 5 microns.
- the gas swirl flow B includes a large number of resin fibers F in which the resin is solidified. Therefore, if the collection body N is arranged at an appropriate position of the collection container 6, the resin fiber F contained in the gas swirl flow B is deposited on the collection body N and finally integrated with the collection body N. The resulting resin fiber deposit A is obtained.
- the means for holding the collection body N in the collection container 6 is not particularly limited. A simple one that fixes the collector N in a fixed direction may be used, or a robot arm that changes the direction of the collector N according to a program may be used.
- the type, shape and size of the collector N There is no particular limitation on the type, shape and size of the collector N.
- a plywood or the like is used as the collector N, a heat insulating plate, a soundproof plate or the like can be obtained as the resin fiber deposit A.
- a planar net is used as the collection body N, a fine particle collection filter can be obtained as the resin fiber deposit A.
- the resin fiber F is less than 10 microns in diameter, it becomes a high-performance fine particle collecting filter.
- Such a filter can be used as a catalyst-carrying filter or an insect net.
- a panel having a soundproofing effect can be obtained.
- a conventional filter product paper filter product, sponge filter product, etc.
- the collector N may be used as it is. That is, the filter product can be easily improved in performance simply by thinly coating the conventional filter product with the resin fiber according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of a resin fiber deposit manufacturing apparatus as another example of the embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a collection container constituting the resin fiber deposit manufacturing apparatus. Elements common to the above example are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the collection container 6 has a collection body introduction port 6c for introducing the collection body N inside, and a collection body discharge port 6d for discharging the collection body N after the resin fiber F is deposited to the outside. It is formed to face the upper and lower surfaces or the left and right surfaces of the portion 6b.
- recovery roll machine 8 which draws out the new collection body N continuously toward the collection body introduction port 6c, and the collection body N after the resin fiber F accumulates from the collection body discharge port 6d.
- a take-up roll machine 9 for drawing and winding is added.
- the feeding roll machine 8 and the take-up roll machine 9 may be configured to rotate the roll with a motor or the like.
- the collector N is assumed to be a continuous planar net that can be wound. In this case, if the collection body N passes through the collection container 6 at a constant speed by appropriate control of the feed roll machine 8 and the take-up roll machine 9, the resin fiber deposit A is formed on the entire surface of the collection body N. A fine particle collecting filter in which resin fibers F are deposited with a constant thickness can be continuously produced. Thus, in this embodiment, the resin fiber deposit A in which the resin fibers F are deposited is in the form of a particulate collection filter as it is. Therefore, the particulate collection filter can be manufactured at a very low cost without using a complicated and large-scale manufacturing system.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B are perspective views showing an example of a collection body that is a planar net body and a fine particle collection filter in which resin fibers are deposited on the collection body.
- the collector N employs a mesh body with irregularities to promote the fixing of the resin fiber F, but there is no particular limitation on the shape of the mesh. In addition, since the collection body N exhibits favorable air permeability, the gas swirl flow B is not obstructed and the problem that the resin fibers F are unevenly deposited does not occur.
- the fine particle collecting filter includes a deposition layer L of resin fibers F integrated with one surface of the collecting body N.
- a deposition layer L a large number of resin fibers F are deposited in a state of being oriented in parallel with the collector N. That is, the majority of the resin fibers F are overlapped in a curved or bent shape on a plane parallel to the collector N. This is a result of the resin fiber F being collected by the collector N and further being pressed against the collector N by wind power.
- a higher performance filter can be obtained by further subjecting this fine particle microfilter to a compression treatment, a needle punching treatment or the like, or a treatment impregnating a specific chemical solution or the like.
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a main part of an example of a resin fiber double-sided deposit manufacturing apparatus in which a plurality of resin fiber deposit manufacturing apparatuses are combined.
- the collector N is assumed to be a continuous planar net that can be wound.
- the resin fiber double-sided deposit production apparatus 5 is a combination of two resin fiber deposit production apparatuses 4 as shown in FIG. 3, and the first collection container 6 # 1 and the second collection.
- the containers 6 # are arranged so as to be parallel and opposite to each other. In FIG. 14, only these collection containers 6 # 1 and 20 # 2 are illustrated.
- the delivery roll machine 8 is disposed above the first collection container 6 # 1, and feeds a new collection body N toward the collection body introduction port 6c.
- the collection body N after the fiber F is deposited on one surface in the trunk portion 6b of the collection container 6 # 1 is discharged from the collection body discharge port 6d, and is collected by the second collection container 6 # 2. It is sent as it is toward the collection supply port 20c.
- the take-up roll machine 9 is arranged below the collection container 6 # 2.
- the collection body N after the resin fibers F are deposited on the opposite surface in the trunk portion 6b of the collection container 6 # 2 is drawn out from the collection body discharge port 6d and taken up by the take-up roll machine 9.
- the resin fiber double-sided deposit manufacturing apparatus 5 having such a configuration, a particulate collection filter in which the resin fibers F are deposited on both sides of the collector N can be easily and continuously manufactured.
- the thickness of the resin fiber F deposited on the collector N may be the same on both sides, or may be different on both sides.
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing an example of a fine particle collecting filter manufactured by the resin fiber double-sided deposit manufacturing apparatus.
- the collector N is the same as the net shown in FIG.
- the fine particle collection filter is a kind of fiber deposit A, and includes two deposition layers L and L of resin fibers F integrated with each surface of the collection body N. In each of the two deposition layers L, L, a large number of resin fibers F are deposited in a state of being oriented in parallel with the collector N.
- the life of the fine particle collecting filter can be extended by making the thickness of the resin fiber F deposited on the collecting body N different on both sides.
- the resin fiber F of one deposited layer L has a diameter of 10 microns or more so that only coarse particles are collected, and the resin fiber F of the other deposited layer L has a diameter of less than 10 microns.
- the fine particles that have not been collected by the deposited layer L are collected. In this way, clogging of the latter deposited layer L is suppressed and the life is extended.
- the thicknesses of the resin fibers F that come into the collection container 6 together with the gas swirl B are not all the same, but are distributed in a certain range.
- the resin fiber F in the gas swirl B is gradually lowered by the action of gravity while flying. At this time, a heavy fiber, that is, a thick fiber, descends to a lower position earlier than a light fiber, that is, a thin fiber.
- FIG. 16 is a simple vertical cross-sectional view for explaining the difference in the descending mode depending on the weight of the resin fiber in the collection container.
- the thick fiber FA descends greatly at a point close to the opening 6 a of the collection container 6, while the light fiber FC descends only slightly in the back of the collection container 6. Therefore, it is possible to separate the thick fiber FA, the middle fiber FB, and the thin fiber FC according to the respective drop positions in the collection container 6. Specifically, if a plurality of collectors N... Having different heights are prepared in the same collection container 6, a plurality of types of resins in which fibers FA, FB, FC, etc. having different thicknesses are deposited respectively. Fiber deposits A ... can be produced simultaneously.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing a main configuration of a resin fiber deposit manufacturing apparatus capable of simultaneously manufacturing a plurality of types of resin fiber deposits having different resin fiber thicknesses.
- the collection container 6 is disposed horizontally, and the collection body inlet 6c for introducing a new collection body N and the resin fiber F are deposited in the body portion 6b.
- a plurality of pairs with the collector discharge ports 6d for discharging the subsequent collector N are formed at different heights.
- a feeding roll machine 8 for continuously feeding out a new collector N, and a collector after the resin fibers F are deposited.
- a thick fiber FA is deposited on the collection body N that has passed through the lower part of the collection container 6, and a medium-thick fiber is deposited on the collection body N that has passed through the middle part of the collection container 6.
- Fine fibers FC accumulate on the collector N that has accumulated FB and passed through the high portion of the collection container 6. In this way, a plurality of types of resin fiber deposits A, in which fibers FA, FB, FC and the like having different thicknesses are deposited are obtained at the same time.
- FIG. 18 is a simple cross-sectional view of a fiber deposit manufacturing apparatus as another example of the embodiment.
- the configuration of the fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 is different from the example of FIG.
- Elements common to the example of FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the fiber deposit manufacturing apparatus 4 of this modification is configured by a fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 including a blanker apparatus 30 and a nozzle unit 11, a collection container 6, and an exhaust apparatus 7.
- the plunger device 30 includes an extrusion cylinder 31 made of carbon steel or the like, a plunger 32 housed therein, a nozzle portion 11, and a gear pump 23.
- the nozzle unit 11 is the same as that shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, and a compressor 14 a is connected to the nozzle unit 11 as a gas supply device 14.
- the gear pump 23 and the nozzle portion 11 are fixed to the distal end portion of the extrusion cylinder 31.
- the gear 23a built in the gear pump 23 is rotationally controlled by a motor (not shown).
- a raw material inlet 31 a is formed on the upper rear surface of the extrusion cylinder 31, and a raw material tank 34 is provided above it.
- the raw material tank 34 is a tank for storing already melted fiber raw material.
- the raw material tank 34 is closed by a lid member 34a, and is pressurized by nitrogen gas or the like so that the fiber raw material does not flow backward.
- the plunger 32 is a rod body made of carbon steel or the like, and its rear end protrudes rearward from the extrusion cylinder 31 and is connected to the power cylinder device 33.
- the power cylinder device 33 is a power source for moving the plunger 32 forward and backward.
- the amount of fiber raw material discharged from the nozzle unit 11 can be freely controlled by a combination of forward and backward movement of the plunger 32, pressurization of the raw material tank 34, or rotation of the gear pump 23.
- the fiber raw material is assumed to be a cellulose derivative previously dissolved in a solvent
- the fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 is not provided with a heating apparatus for heating the extrusion cylinder 31.
- it is not necessary to make the gas swirl flow B high there is no heater for heating the gas.
- a fiber deposit can be produced easily and at low cost from a cellulose derivative containing a large amount of a plasticizer or dissolved in a solvent.
- FIGS. 19A and 19B are an exploded perspective view of a first modified example of the nozzle portion and an overall perspective view after the assembly.
- FIGS. 20A and 20B are front views of this modification.
- the nozzle body 11j used in the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a nozzle body 11j having a cone-shaped protrusion 11k and a resin discharge port 11b for discharging resin at the tip of the protrusion 11k.
- a plurality of gas ejection pipes having gas outlets at the tip, arranged at equal intervals along the conical surface of the projection 11k and at a constant angle with respect to the direction toward the tip of the projection 11k 11m, and the resin droplets discharged from the resin discharge port 11b are blown off while being stretched by the gas swirl flow discharged from the plurality of gas discharge ports 11m.
- the gas ejection pipe 11m is a gas flow passage, through which the gas to be a gas swirl flow is passed.
- the nozzle portion 11 is composed of a nozzle body 11j formed with a conical or pyramidal projection 11k and a plurality of gas ejection pipes 11m.
- the front end opening of the gas ejection pipe 11m is a gas ejection port 11a.
- the nozzle body 11j has a conical protrusion 11k formed at the center of the end surface, and a plurality of resin discharge ports 11b having a diameter of about 0.1 to 0.3 mm on the end surface of the nozzle chip 11n attached to the tip. Is formed. Further, a plurality of screw holes 11g are formed around the protrusion 11k so as to screw the nozzle portion 11 to the plasticizing cylinder 12. It is preferable that the nozzle chip 11n be exchangeable so that the resin discharge port 11b has an optimum diameter according to the type of resin.
- the gas ejection pipe 11m has a gas ejection port 11a at the tip, and has a certain angle with respect to the direction along the conical surface of the projection 11k and toward the tip of the projection 11k. It is arrange
- the protrusion 11k is fitted in a space surrounded by the gas ejection pipe 11m.
- the nozzle body 11j and the gas ejection pipe 11m may be integrally formed, but it is more convenient to separate them so that they can be combined and separated in view of maintenance.
- the gas ejection pipe 11m may have a structure branched from a single base pipe 11p. At that time, by aligning the length of each gas ejection pipe 11m, the gas sent to the gas inlet 11d of the base pipe 11p It can be adjusted so that the same amount is ejected from each of the gas ejection pipes 11m.
- each of the gas ejection pipes 11m forms a constant angle ⁇ with respect to the direction toward the apex (center) of the projection 11k when the projection 11k is viewed in plan. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 20B, the gas ejected from each of the gas ejection pipes 11m merges to form a gas swirl flow B.
- the arrow in a figure has shown the gas flow.
- the nozzle tip 11n provided at the tip of the projecting portion 11k is in a state of being wrapped in the gas swirl flow B thus generated. Therefore, the resin droplets discharged from the nozzle tip 11n can be efficiently blown and stretched by the gas swirl flow B.
- 21 (a) and 21 (b) are an exploded perspective view of another modified example of the nozzle portion and an overall perspective view after assembly.
- 22A is a longitudinal sectional view of this modification
- FIG. 22B is a transverse sectional view of the gas swirl flow.
- the nozzle portion 11 used in the resin fiber manufacturing apparatus 1 has a cone-shaped protrusion 11k, and a resin discharge port 11b for discharging a plasticized resin is formed at the tip of the protrusion 11k.
- an accelerating tube 11r for accelerating the gas flow so that the central portion of the gas flow is faster than the peripheral portion, and the resin droplets discharged from the resin discharge port 11b are gas It is characterized by being blown off while being stretched by a gas swirl flow ejected from the ejection port 11b and further accelerated by the acceleration tube 11r.
- the nozzle portion 11 includes a nozzle main body 11j having a conical or pyramidal protrusion 11k and a gas that ejects gas forward from an annularly arranged gas outlet 11a. It is composed of an ejection device 11q and an acceleration pipe 11r that is arranged downstream of the gas ejection device 11q and accelerates the gas flow ejected from the gas ejection device 11q.
- the nozzle body 11j is the same as that shown in FIG.
- the gas ejection device 11q includes an annular body 11s that forms a gas ejection port 11a and a plurality of gas ejection pipes 11m that supply gas to a plurality of locations of the annular body 11s.
- the annular body 11s has a groove structure in which a groove having an opening on the front side and a bottom surface on the rear side is circulated.
- the gas ejection pipe 11m discharges gas into the groove from a plurality of locations on the side surface of the groove structure, and the gas is discharged forward from the opening of the groove after filling the groove structure. That is, the gas ejection device 11q ejects a gas flow from the gas ejection port 11a (opening of the groove structure) arranged in an annular shape surrounding the projection 11k toward the tip of the projection 11k.
- the acceleration pipe 11r accelerates the gas flow so that the gas flow flowing inside becomes faster than the gas flow flowing outside the pipe by making the intermediate portion smaller in diameter than the other portions.
- the acceleration tube 111r may have an airfoil swelled in the axial direction on the inside while the longitudinal section thereof is substantially flat on the outside.
- the outer diameter of the tube may be constant, and the longitudinal section may be wedge-shaped so that the inner diameter becomes smaller toward the downstream side (not shown).
- acceleration tubes 11r When a plurality of acceleration tubes 11r are used, it is preferable to arrange a large-diameter tube on the upstream side and sequentially arrange small-diameter tubes on the downstream side so as not to be coaxial and overlap with the large-diameter tube.
- the three acceleration tubes 11r are connected by the connecting tool 11t so as to have such an arrangement. If a plurality of acceleration tubes 11r are arranged in this way, the central portion of the gas flow can be accelerated stepwise.
- the protrusion 11k is adapted to fit into a conical space formed at the center of the gas ejection device 11q and the acceleration tube 11r.
- the gas flow accelerated by the accelerating tube 11r forms a laminar flow that is faster at the center as shown in FIG.
- the arrows in FIG. 22 (a) indicate the speed of the gas flow at each position by its length.
- the pressure static pressure
- FIG. 22 (b) the pressure is low in the central portion and the pressure is high in the outer peripheral portion (in FIG. 22 (b), the high pressure portion is shown in dark color and the high pressure portion is shown in light color.
- Due to such a pressure difference an air flow from the outer peripheral portion of the laminar flow toward the center portion is generated. And this air current goes to the center while swirling like the free vortex.
- the laminar flow becomes the swirl flow B, and the resin droplets discharged from the nozzle tip 11n can be efficiently blown and stretched.
Abstract
Description
本発明はそのような問題に着目してなされたものであり、直径1ミクロン未満の樹脂ファイバーを低コストかつ安全に製造できる樹脂ファイバー製造方法と製造装置、及び直径1ミクロン未満の樹脂ファイバーからなる機能性シート材の製造方法と製造装置を提供することを目的としている。
樹脂ファイバー製造装置1は、スクリュー式可塑化装置10によって樹脂を可塑化してノズル部11から樹脂滴として少しずつ放出させ、その放出した樹脂滴をノズル部11から噴出させたガス旋回流によって吹き飛ばして直径1ミクロン未満のファイバー状に延伸するという作用をなす一種の紡糸装置である。すなわち気流によって樹脂滴を延伸する仕組みであるため、製造構造が簡単なものになる。また駆動中に高電圧を印加しないので製造装置に触れても感電するおそれがない。よって低コストかつ安全に樹脂ファイバーを量産できる。
樹脂としては、PLA(ポリ乳酸)、PA(ポリアミド)、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)、PP(ポリプロピレン)等の熱可塑性樹脂が適しているが、それらに限定されることはない。樹脂ファイバー製造装置1を適切に制御すれば、それらの樹脂をファイバー原料として直径1ミクロン未満の樹脂ファイバー(ナノファイバー)が得られる。
樹脂ファイバー製造装置1はキャスター付の小型のものとしており、基台17の上部に可塑化シリンダー12が固定されている。可塑化シリンダー12にはコイル13aが巻設され(図示なし)、その外側が断熱材13cによって覆われている。断熱材13cは可塑化シリンダー12のベント穴12aに当たる部分の上半分が切り欠かれており、そこからベント穴12aが外部に露出している。なおベント穴12aからスクリュー15の一部が垣間見えている。
樹脂ファイバー製造装置1を作動させる前に、ノズル部11の前方に一定の距離をおいて、樹脂ファイバーを受け止める樹脂ファイバー捕集具(図示なし)を配置しておく。捕集具としては例えば一方が開放されたダンボール箱等を利用してもよい。そしてホッパー21に樹脂ペレットを入れ、加熱装置13を作動させてコイル13aに通電し、可塑化シリンダー12を樹脂の溶融温度よりも高温に加熱した状態にする。またガス供給装置14も作動させて、温度、圧力が摂氏300~500度、2~6気圧程にしたガスをノズル部11に供給させておく。このガスはノズル部11のガス噴出口11aから空気中に噴出される。
このような本実施形態によれば、直径20ナノメーター~700ナノメーター程の樹脂ファイバーが得られる。
樹脂ファイバー製造装置1は、中間部に水分等の蒸気を放出させるベント穴12aが形成された可塑化シリンダー12と、可塑化された樹脂を押出す押出シリンダー31とを有するスクリュープリプラ式の可塑化装置10と、非対称的に形成されたガス流通路の末端のガス噴出口11aと、可塑化された樹脂をガス噴出口11aの周囲近傍に放出する樹脂放出口11bとが形成されたノズル部11と、ノズル部11に加熱したガスを供給するガス供給装置14とを備えている。前記実施形態と同様の要素には共通の参照符号を付けて説明を省略する。
ノズル部11は、円柱形であって、その端面の中央部に漏斗状の凹部11cが形成され、その最深部に直径1~2ミリ程のガス噴出口11aが開口されている。ガス噴出口11aはノズル部11の側面に設けられた直径3~6ミリ程のガス導入口11dに連通されている。凹部11cの周縁の上方部分には直径0.1~0.3ミリ程の樹脂放出口11bが複数形成されている。樹脂放出口11bは可塑化シリンダー12又は押出シリンダー31の内側空間に連通するようにノズル部11を貫通している。樹脂放出口11bは出口近傍のみ直径0.1~0.3ミリ程の小径とし、他の流通路部分11fは直径1~2ミリ程度として圧力損失を抑えるとよい(図示なし)。また端面の周縁部には、ノズル部11を可塑化シリンダー又は押出シリンダーにネジ止めするため複数のネジ孔11eが貫通して形成されている。
このような仕組みによってノズル部11のガス噴出口11aから噴出されたガスはらせん状に旋回しながら前進する。このガス旋回流は場所毎に流れの方向及び速度が異なっているから、非旋回流に比べると、樹脂滴を吹き飛ばす際にその樹脂滴を加速する作用が強くなり、樹脂滴を効果的に延伸できると考えられる。
なお必ずしもノズル11cに凹部11cを形成する必要はなく、平坦な端面の中央部にガス噴出口11aを設け、その近傍に樹脂放出口11bを設けてもよい。要は、樹脂放出口11bから放出された樹脂滴が、ガス噴出口11aから噴出されたガスの気流によって、ガス噴出口11aまで引き寄せられるようにノズル11cの端面を形成すればよい。以下ノズル部の変形例を幾つか説明する。
この変形例は、樹脂放出口11bが凹部11cの内斜面に形成されていることが前記ノズル部と相違している。この変形例でも、ガス流通路は大径部11gと小径部11hとからなり、大径部11g、小径部11hは互いの中心軸が交わらない非対称的な位置関係に配置されている。そのためガス噴出口11aから噴出されるガスはらせん状に旋回しながら進行するガス旋回流になる。
この変形例は、凹部11cの中心部に台形状の突出部11iが形成されており、樹脂放出口11bは突出部11iの端面に形成されている。この変形例でも、ガス流通路は、大径部11gと小径部11hとからなり、大径部11g、小径部11hは互いの中心軸が交わらない非対称的な位置関係に配置されている。そのためガス噴出口11aから噴出されるガスはらせん状に旋回しながら進行するガス旋回流になる。
この変形例は、凹部11cが平坦な底面を有する円筒内面を形成しており、ガス噴出口11aはその底面の中心部に開口しており、樹脂放出口11bは樹脂放出口11aの周囲の底面に複数開口している。この変形例でも、ガス流通路は、大径部11gと小径部11hとからなり、大径部11g、小径部11hは互いの中心軸が交わらない非対称的な位置関係に配置されている。そのためガス噴出口11aから噴出されるガスはらせん状に旋回しながら進行するガス旋回流になる。
図8(a)~(d)はガスの流れを用いた樹脂ファイバー形成過程を時系列的に説明するノズル部の一連の縦断面図である。
図8(b)は、凹部11cの境界まで引き寄せられた樹脂滴Pがガスの流れを受けて下流側に延伸され始めた段階を示している。樹脂滴Pはこのようにノズル部11から離れる前の段階で既にファイバー状に延伸されている。
図8(c)は、樹脂滴Pがガスの流れによって更に延伸されている段階を示している。
図8(d)は、樹脂滴Pがノズル部11から離れて吹き飛ばされながら更に延伸される段階を示している。
また電界紡糸法で用いられる高分子溶液の滴をガス旋回流Bによって吹き飛ばして延伸し、同時に液中の溶剤等を蒸発させることで樹脂ファイバーを製造することも考えられる。この場合、ガス旋回流Bとするガスは常温のままでもよい。
樹脂ファイバー製造装置1は、ガス旋回流Bを下方に向けて噴出する複数のノズル部11、・・・を備えたものとしており、シート材の量産に適している。ノズル部11、…は、製造すべきシート材の広さに応じて数10個~数100個程を二次元的に配列している。ノズル部11、・・・は管路24によって可塑化シリンダー12の先端部に連通されている。可塑化シリンダー12の先端部には、樹脂を定量吐出するギヤポンプ23が設けられており、一定量の樹脂をノズル部11、・・・の各々に輸送することが可能になっている。管路24は適宜断熱材13cで囲む等して樹脂の温度を保つようにするとよい。
ノズル部11、…の下方には、平坦な樹脂ファイバー捕集具25が配置されている。捕集具25は製造すべきシート材に見合った広さを有すればよい。また捕集具25はノズル部11、・・・の直下付近を水平揺動可能に構成されている。そのための揺運手段は特に制限されない。例えばベルトコンベヤーを利用してもよいし、X-Yテーブルを利用してもよい。
なおシート材は、固定化の前又は後で各種天然繊維又は合成繊維を混ぜ込むことで緻密さ等を調整してもよい。
事前準備として、加熱装置13によって可塑化シリンダー12を樹脂の溶融温度よりも高温に加熱しておく。またコンプレッサー14a、ヒーター14bを作動させて、その温度、圧力が摂氏300~500度、2~6気圧程になったガスをノズル部11に供給しておく。このガスはノズル部11のガス噴出口11aからガス旋回流Bとして噴射される。更に捕集容器6に設けられた排気装置7を作動させて、ガス旋回流Bの全体が捕集容器6にスムースに進入するようにしておく。
なお捕集体Nとして従来のフィルター製品(ペーパーフィルター製品、スポンジフィルター製品等)をそのまま用いてもよい。つまり従来フィルター製品に本発明による樹脂ファイバーを薄くコーティングするだけでそのフィルター製品を簡単に高性能化できる。
また図12はその樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置を構成する捕集容器の斜視図である。前記例に共通する要素には同一の参照符号を付けて説明を省略する。
捕集体Nとしては巻取り可能な連続した平面状の網体を想定している。この場合、繰出ロール機8、巻取ロール機9の適切な制御によって捕集体Nが一定速度で捕集容器6を通過するようにすれば、樹脂ファイバー堆積物Aとして、捕集体Nの全面に一定の厚さで樹脂ファイバーFが堆積した微小粒子捕集フィルターを連続的に製造できる。このように本実施形態では、樹脂ファイバーFを堆積させた樹脂ファイバー堆積物Aがそのまま微粒子捕集フィルターの形態になっている。そのため複雑で大規模な製造システムを用いることなく微粒子捕集フィルターを非常に安価に製造できる。
図13(a)、(b)は平面状の網体である捕集体、及びその捕集体に樹脂ファイバーが堆積してなる微小粒子捕集フィルターの一例を示す斜視図である。
図14は、樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置を複数台組み合わせてなる樹脂ファイバー両面堆積物製造装置の一例の要部構成を示す斜視図である。捕集体Nとしては巻取り可能な連続した平面状の網体を想定している。
捕集体Nは図13(a)に示した網体と同様のものである。微小粒子捕集フィルターは、繊維堆積物Aの一種であって、捕集体Nのそれぞれの面と一体になった樹脂ファイバーFの2つの堆積層L、Lを備えている。2つの堆積層L、Lの各々では、多数の樹脂ファイバーFが捕集体Nと平行に配向した状態で堆積している。捕集体Nに堆積させる樹脂ファイバーFの太さを両面で異ならせることで微小粒子捕集フィルターを長寿命化できる。すなわち一方の堆積層Lの樹脂ファイバーFは直径10ミクロン以上とすることで、粗大な粒子のみを捕集するようにし、他方の堆積層Lの樹脂ファイバーFは直径10ミクロン未満とすることで前者の堆積層Lで捕集されなかった微小な粒子を捕集するようにする。このようにすれば後者の堆積層Lの目詰まりが抑えられて長寿命化される。
具体的には、同一の捕集容器6内に高さを異ならせた複数の捕集体N…を用意すれば、それぞれ太さの異なるファイバーFA、FB、FC等を堆積させた複数種類の樹脂ファイバー堆積物A…を同時に製造できる。
図18は、実施形態の他例とされるファイバー堆積物製造装置の簡単な断面図である。この例は、ファイバー製造装置1の構成が図1の例とは異なっている。図1の例に共通する要素には同一の参照符号を付けて説明を省略する。
プランジャー32は炭素鋼等からなる棒体であって、その後端は押出シリンダー31から後方に突出されて、動力シリンダー装置33に連結されている。動力シリンダー装置33はプランジャー32を前進後退させる動力源である。
この本実施形態では、多量に可塑剤を含む、もしくは溶剤に溶解するセルロース誘導体からファイバー堆積物を簡単かつ低コストで製造できる。
図19(a)、(b)はノズル部の第1の変形例の分解斜視図と、その組立て後の全体斜視図である。また図20(a)、(b)はいずれもこの変形例の正面図である。
ガス噴出装置11qは、ガス噴出口11aを形成する環状体11sと、環状体11sの複数個所にガスを供給する複数のガス噴出管11mとで構成されている。環状体11sは、前方側を開口、後方側を底面とする溝を周回させた溝構造になっている。ガス噴出管11mは、溝構造の側面の複数個所から溝内にガスを放出し、このガスは溝構造を充満したあと溝の開口から前方に向かって放出される。すなわちガス噴出装置11qは、突部11kを囲んで環状に配置されたガス噴出口11a(溝構造の開口)から突部11kの先端に向けてガス流を噴出することになる。
また複数の加速管11rを用いる場合、上流側に大径の管を配置し、その大径の管と同軸かつ重ならないように、下流側に小径の管を順番に配置していくとよい。ここでは、3つの加速管11rがそのような配置となるように連結具11tによって連結されている。このように複数の加速管11rを配置すれば、ガス流の中心部を段階的に加速することが可能になる。
2 機能性シート材製造装置
4 樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置
5 樹脂ファイバー両面堆積物製造装置
6 捕集容器
6c 捕集体導入口
6d 捕集体排出口
7 排気装置
8 繰出ロール機
9 巻取りロール機
10 可塑化装置
11 ノズル部
11a ガス噴出口
11b 樹脂放出口
11g、11h ガス流通路
11k 突部
11j ノズル本体
11m ガス噴出管
11q ガス噴出装置
11r 加速管
12 可塑化シリンダー
13a 誘導加熱用コイル
25 樹脂ファイバー捕集具
26 シート材固定装置
30 プランジャー装置
31 押出シリンダー
A 樹脂ファイバー堆積物
F 樹脂ファイバー
N 捕集体
L 堆積層
Claims (20)
- ガス流通路にガスを圧送して流通路末端のガス噴出口から螺旋状のガス旋回流として連続的に噴出させ、
可塑化された樹脂を前記ガス噴出口の周囲近傍に供給してガス旋回流の進行方向に延伸しながら吹き飛ばすことで、直径1ミクロン未満の樹脂ファイバーを製造することを特徴とする樹脂ファイバー製造方法。 - 樹脂を可塑化する可塑化装置と、
ガス旋回流を噴出するためのガス噴出口、可塑化された樹脂を前記ガス噴出口の周囲近傍に放出する樹脂放出口が形成されたノズル部と、
前記ノズル部にガス旋回流となるべきガスを供給するガス供給装置とを備えたことを特徴とする樹脂ファイバー製造装置。 - 請求項2に記載の樹脂ファイバー製造装置において、
前記可塑化装置は、スクリュー式可塑化装置であって、
前記ノズル部は、前記可塑化シリンダーの先端に装着されていることを特徴とする樹脂ファイバー製造装置。 - 請求項2に記載の樹脂ファイバー製造装置において、
前記可塑化装置は、樹脂を可塑化する可塑化シリンダーと、可塑化された樹脂を押出す押出シリンダーとを備えたスクリュープリプラ式可塑化装置であって、
前記ノズル部は、前記押出シリンダーの先端に装着されていることを特徴とする樹脂ファイバー製造装置。 - 請求項2乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂ファイバー製造装置において、
前記可塑化シリンダーには誘導加熱用コイルが巻設されていることを特徴とする樹脂ファイバー製造装置。 - ガス流通路にガスを圧送して流通路末端のガス噴出口から螺旋状のガス旋回流として下方に向けて連続的に噴出させ、
可塑化された樹脂を前記ガス噴出口の周囲近傍に供給してガス旋回流の進行方向に延伸しながら吹き飛ばすことで、直径1ミクロン未満の樹脂ファイバーを生成し、
生成された樹脂ファイバーを前記ノズル部の下方に配置されかつ水平に揺動する平坦な樹脂ファイバー捕集具によって捕集し、
前記樹脂ファイバー捕集具上に捕集された樹脂ファイバー堆積物をシート状に圧縮固定することで機能性シート材を製造することを特徴とする機能性シート材製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂ファイバー製造装置を組み込んだ機能性シート材製造装置であって、
前記ノズル部はガス旋回流を下方に向けて噴出し、
前記ノズル部の下方に平坦な樹脂ファイバー捕集具を配置し、この捕集具を樹脂ファイバーの捕集中に水平揺動させることを特徴とする機能性シート材製造装置。 - 請求項7に記載の機能性シート材製造装置において、
前記捕集具上に捕集された樹脂ファイバー堆積物をシート状に圧縮固定させるシート材固定装置を備えたことを特徴とする機能性シート材製造装置。 - ガス流通路にガスを圧送して流通路末端のガス噴出口から螺旋状のガス旋回流として連続的に噴出させ、可塑化された樹脂を前記ガス噴出口の周囲近傍に供給してガス旋回流の進行方向に延伸しながら吹き飛ばすことで樹脂ファイバーを製造する樹脂ファイバー製造装置と、
前記ガス噴出口から所定の距離を隔てて配置され、前記ガス旋回流の進行先の空間を外空間から隔離する筒状の捕集容器と、
前記捕集容器の奥方からエアーを強制排気する排気装置とを備えたことを特徴とする樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置。 - 請求項9に記載の樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置において、
前記捕集容器の内側に配置された捕集体上に、前記ガス旋回流に含まれて飛来してきた樹脂ファイバーを堆積させて、この捕集体と一体となった樹脂ファイバー堆積物を得ることを特徴とする樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置。 - 請求項10に記載の樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置において、
前記捕集体は平面状の網体であり、
前記樹脂ファイバーは直径10ミクロン未満であり、前記樹脂ファイバー堆積物は微粒子捕集フィルターであることを特徴とする樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置。 - 請求項11に記載の樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置において、
前記捕集容器は、前記捕集体を内側に導入するための捕集体導入口と、樹脂ファイバーが堆積したあとの捕集体を外側に排出するための捕集体排出口とが対向して形成されており、
前記捕集体導入口に向けて新たな捕集体を連続的に繰り出す繰出ロール機と、樹脂ファイバーが堆積したあとの捕集体を前記捕集体排出口から引き出して巻き取る巻取ロール機とが設けられていることを特徴とする樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置。 - 請求項11に記載の樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置において、
前記捕集容器は水平配置され、この捕集容器に新たな捕集体を導入するための捕集体導入口と、樹脂ファイバーが堆積したあとの捕集体を前記容器から排出するための捕集体排出口との複数組が高さを異ならせて形成されており、
前記捕集体導入口、前記捕集体排出口の複数組の各々に対応して、その捕集体導入口に向けて新たな捕集体を連続的に繰り出す繰出ロール機と、樹脂ファイバーが堆積したあとの捕集体をその捕集体排出口から引き出して巻き取る巻取ロール機とが複数組設けられていることを特徴とする樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置。 - 請求項12に記載の樹脂ファイバー堆積物製造装置が2台組み合わされて、その1台目の捕集容器とその2台目の捕集容器とが互いに平行かつ逆方向になるように配置されており、
前記繰出ロール機は、前記1台目の捕集容器の捕集体導入口に向けて新たな捕集体を繰り出し、前記1台目の捕集容器において一方の面に樹脂ファイバーが堆積したあとの捕集体が前記1台目の捕集容器の捕集体排出口から排出されて前記2台目の捕集容器の捕集体供給口に向けてそのまま送られ、
前記巻取ロール機は、前記2台目の捕集容器において更に反対の面に樹脂ファイバーが堆積したあとの捕集体を前記2台目の捕集容器の捕集体排出口から引き出して巻き取ることを特徴とする樹脂ファイバー両面堆積物製造装置。 - 平面状の網体と、この網体の一方の面と一体になった樹脂ファイバーの堆積層と備え、
前記堆積層では、多数の樹脂ファイバーが前記網体と平行に配向した状態で堆積しており、かつこの堆積層に堆積している樹脂ファイバーの直径は10ミクロン未満であることを特徴とする微粒子捕集フィルター。 - 平面状の網体と、この網体のそれぞれの面と一体になった樹脂ファイバーの2つの堆積層と備え、
前記2つの堆積層の各々では、多数の樹脂ファイバーが前記網体と平行に配向した状態で堆積しており、かつ少なくとも一方の堆積層に堆積している樹脂ファイバーは直径10ミクロン未満であることを特徴とする微粒子捕集フィルター。 - 可塑化された樹脂から樹脂ファイバーを製造するためのノズル部において、
錐状の突部を有しこの突部の先端に可塑化された樹脂を放出する樹脂放出口が形成されたノズル本体と、
先端にガス噴出口を有し、前記突部の錐面に沿い、かつ前記突部の先端に向かう方向に対して一定の角をなすように等間隔に配置された複数のガス噴出管とを備え、
前記樹脂放出口から放出させた樹脂滴を、前記複数のガス噴出口から噴出させたガス旋回流によって延伸しながら吹き飛ばすことを特徴とするノズル部。 - 可塑化された樹脂から樹脂ファイバーを製造するためのノズル部において、
錐状の突部を有しこの突部の先端に可塑化された樹脂を放出する樹脂放出口が形成されたノズル本体と、
前記突部を囲んで環状に配置されたガス噴出口から前記突部の先端に向けてガス流を噴出するガス噴出装置と、
前記突部を囲んで前記ガス噴出装置よりも下流側に配置され前記ガス流の中心部が周縁部よりも高速になるようにガス流を加速する加速管とを備え、
前記樹脂放出口から放出させた樹脂滴を、前記ガス噴出口から噴出させ更に前記加速管によって加速させたガス旋回流によって延伸しながら吹き飛ばすことを特徴とするノズル部。 - ガス流通路にガスを圧送して流通路末端のガス噴出口から螺旋状のガス旋回流として連続的に噴出させ、このガス噴出口の近傍に液化されたファイバー原料を供給して前記ガス旋回流によって延伸させながら吹き飛ばしてファイバーを形成し、
前記ガス旋回流の進行先の空間を筒状の捕集容器によって外空間から隔離した状態で、この捕集容器の奥方からエアーを強制排気し、
前記捕集容器の内側に配置された捕集体上に、前記ガス旋回流に含まれて飛来してきた前記ファイバーを堆積させて、この捕集体と一体となったファイバー堆積物を得ることを特徴とするファイバー堆積物の製造方法。 - 請求項19に記載のファイバー堆積物の製造方法において、
前記捕集体は平面状の網体であり、
前記ファイバーは直径10ミクロン未満であり、前記ファイバー堆積物は微粒子捕集フィルターであることを特徴とするファイバー堆積物の製造方法。
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JP2008221073A (ja) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-25 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 極細繊維濾材およびその製造方法 |
JP5782594B1 (ja) * | 2014-07-21 | 2015-09-24 | 岡 潔 | ナノファイバー形成用噴射ノズルヘッドおよびナノファイバー形成用噴射ノズルヘッドを具備するナノファイバーの製造装置 |
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JP2008221073A (ja) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-25 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 極細繊維濾材およびその製造方法 |
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