WO2017071333A1 - 一种电容分压器 - Google Patents

一种电容分压器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017071333A1
WO2017071333A1 PCT/CN2016/091702 CN2016091702W WO2017071333A1 WO 2017071333 A1 WO2017071333 A1 WO 2017071333A1 CN 2016091702 W CN2016091702 W CN 2016091702W WO 2017071333 A1 WO2017071333 A1 WO 2017071333A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
ground electrode
low voltage
voltage
epoxy
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/091702
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘少波
龙兆芝
雷民
李文婷
王海燕
项琼
胡浩亮
周峰
张军
孙浩良
肖凯
张弛
宗贤伟
刘高佳
耿志辉
李智成
涂琛
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Application filed by China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI, State Grid Corp of China SGCC filed Critical China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Priority to DE112016004925.0T priority Critical patent/DE112016004925B4/de
Priority to GB1805298.5A priority patent/GB2556853B8/en
Publication of WO2017071333A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017071333A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/16—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using capacitive devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/04—Voltage dividers
    • G01R15/06—Voltage dividers having reactive components, e.g. capacitive transformer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a voltage divider, in particular to a dual-purpose capacitive voltage divider for measuring a power frequency voltage and a surge voltage.
  • the impulse voltage withstand voltage test of the power equipment is a voltage for simulating the lightning strike of the power transmission line of the power system and a surge voltage when opening and closing the knife gate.
  • the parameters to be measured during the test include, for example, the magnitude and time of the surge voltage.
  • the surge voltage divider involved is a voltage conversion device that converts the high voltage surge voltage signal into a low voltage signal that can be measured by the secondary measurement device.
  • the shock divider is mainly divided into two types: a resistor divider and a capacitor divider.
  • the resistor divider has the advantages of excellent dynamic response, small waveform distortion, good scale factor stability, etc., but due to the limitation of the heat capacity of the resistor wire, the resistor divider
  • the voltage level of the voltage regulator is generally less than 1000 (kV) kV and can only be used to measure the lightning impulse voltage.
  • the impact voltage dividers above 1000 kV mostly use capacitive voltage dividers.
  • Capacitor divider has low dielectric loss and no heat.
  • the damping resistor is added to form a resistor-capacitor series voltage divider. Device.
  • the capacity of the high-voltage arm of the RC series voltage divider is generally 400 picofarads (pF), which is susceptible to the surrounding charged body.
  • the pulse capacitor of the oil-paper insulation has poor capacitance stability and large dielectric loss.
  • the low-voltage arm capacitor generally uses a concentrated capacitor (film capacitor or ceramic capacitor), and a wave impedance matching design is performed at the cable input end. Due to the different mediums of the high and low pressure arms, the temperature coefficient and voltage coefficient are also different, the scale factor fluctuates greatly, generally only 3% accuracy can be guaranteed, the linearity cannot be guaranteed, and the impulse voltage signal cannot be measured as a standard voltage divider.
  • embodiments of the present invention are expected to provide a capacitive voltage divider that eliminates the effects of coupling capacitance between the voltage divider and surrounding live devices, with a stable scale factor, good transient characteristics, and linearity.
  • the capacitive voltage divider provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be used as a standard capacitive voltage divider to calibrate other approved shock voltage dividers, and can also measure the power frequency voltage signal and measure the scale factor and linearity under the power frequency voltage.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a capacitive voltage divider including: a voltage equalizing ring (3), an upper flange (4), a fiberglass sleeve (5), a high voltage electrode (6), and data Acquisition and wireless transmission device (7), first ground electrode (8), low voltage electrode (9), second ground electrode (10), insulating material plate (11) and lower flange (12); said upper flange (4) and the lower flange (12) are respectively mounted on the upper and lower ends of the fiberglass sleeve (5); the first ground electrode (8), the low voltage electrode (9), the second ground electrode (10), and data acquisition And the wireless transmission device (7) is sequentially disposed in the fiberglass sleeve (5);
  • the first ground electrode (8) and the second ground electrode (10) are respectively connected to the lower flange (12);
  • An insulating material plate (11) is connected between the low voltage electrode (9) and the lower flange (12).
  • the fiberglass sleeve (5) is an epoxy fiberglass sleeve (5)
  • the capacitor divider further comprises: an epoxy support barrel (14), an intermediate potential shielding ring ( 16);
  • the upper flange (4) and the lower flange (12) are respectively mounted on the upper and lower ends of the metal flange on the epoxy fiberglass sleeve (5); the epoxy support barrel (14) and the intermediate potential shielding ring (16), the first ground electrode (8), the low voltage electrode (9), the second ground electrode (10), and the data acquisition and wireless transmission device (7) are sequentially disposed in the epoxy fiberglass sleeve (5) ;
  • the first ground electrode (8), the second ground electrode (10), and the epoxy support barrel (14) are respectively connected to the lower flange (12).
  • an epoxy support barrel (14) exists between the high voltage electrode (6), the first ground electrode (8), the second ground electrode (10) and the epoxy glass fiber sleeve (5).
  • a plurality of intermediate potential shielding rings (16) are mounted on the epoxy support barrel (14), and the intermediate potential shielding ring (16) is fixed on 6-8 uniform epoxy support members (15), and the epoxy support member (15) nested on the epoxy support barrel (14); low voltage electrode (9), first ground electrode (8), second ground electrode (10), intermediate potential shielding ring (16) and epoxy support barrel ( 14) Coaxial installation.
  • the material of the intermediate potential shielding ring (16) is a metal aluminum or stainless steel polishing member, and the ends are rounded.
  • the low-voltage electrode (9) has a circular barrel shape with an open downward direction, and a circular protrusion is provided on the outer middle side of the top portion.
  • the second ground electrode (10) is a circular barrel electrode with an opening downward;
  • An opening in the top of the first ground electrode (8) is provided through which the protrusion of the low voltage electrode (9) can pass.
  • An insulating gas is filled between the low voltage electrode (9) and the first ground electrode (8) and the second ground electrode (10), respectively.
  • a high voltage arm capacitor C1 and a shielding capacitor C0 are formed between the circular protrusion of the high voltage electrode (6) and the low voltage electrode (9) and the first ground electrode (8), respectively, and the low voltage electrode (9) a low voltage arm capacitor C21 low voltage arm capacitor C22 is formed between the first ground electrode (8) and the second ground electrode (10);
  • the low voltage arm capacitor C21 and the low voltage arm capacitor C22 form a low voltage arm capacitor C2; one end of the damping resistor Rd is sequentially connected with the high voltage arm capacitor C1 and the low voltage arm capacitor C2; the other end of the damping resistor Rd is connected to the high voltage guide rod; the low voltage arm capacitor The other end of C2 is grounded; the data acquisition and wireless transmission device (7) is connected to both ends of the low voltage arm capacitor C2 through resistors R21 and R22, respectively.
  • the outer diameter of the first ground electrode (8) is not less than 3 times the outer diameter of the circular protrusion on the low voltage electrode (9).
  • the outer flange (4) is provided with a pressure equalizing ring (3); the bottom of the lower flange (12) is provided with a base (13), and the lower flange (12) is grounded.
  • the high voltage electrode (6) is connected to the damping resistor (2) through the upper flange (4), and the damping resistor (2) is connected to the high pressure guiding rod (1).
  • the high voltage electrode (6), the low voltage electrode (9), the first ground electrode (8) and the second ground electrode (10) are made of metal aluminum, and the outer side is designed with a circular arc to ensure electric field strength. Within 200kV/cm.
  • the gap between the glass fiber sleeve (5) and the low voltage electrode (9) and the first ground electrode (8) and the second ground electrode (10) respectively is filled with an insulating gas of 5 atmospheres;
  • the insulating gas is sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas.
  • the capacitor voltage divider provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation and transportation, and stable performance.
  • the data acquisition unit is built in, and the data is transmitted by the wireless transmission device.
  • the measurement cable is very short and easy to match, and the influence of the reflection and reflection of the measurement cable is basically eliminated.
  • the medium of the high voltage arm capacitor and the low voltage arm capacitor are all SF6 gas. There is no other solid insulating material, the dielectric constant is the same, the temperature coefficient is the same, and the scale factor is stable.
  • the external high voltage arm has a shielding capacitor C 0 between the high voltage electrode and the ground electrode, and a capacitor string composed of a capacitor C 11 ... C 1n between the high voltage electrode, the intermediate potential shielding ring and the ground electrode, and is not subject to the outside world.
  • the effect of stray capacitance is not subject to the outside world.
  • the size and quantity of the intermediate potential shielding ring can be adjusted according to the electric field strength of the outer wall of the casing to achieve the purpose of uniform outer wall voltage gradient curve.
  • the internal structure of the voltage divider is pure capacitor structure, no inductance, and the frequency response of the voltage divider is good.
  • the high-voltage lead adopts a metal guide rod, which has low stray inductance and small damping resistance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitor divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic structural diagram of a capacitor divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a principle of a capacitor divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a capacitive voltage divider.
  • the capacitive voltage divider includes: a high voltage guiding rod 1, a damping resistor 2, a pressure equalizing ring 3, an upper flange 4, and a fiberglass sleeve. 5.
  • the high voltage electrode 6, the low voltage electrode 9, the first ground electrode 8 and the second ground electrode 10 are all integral metal aluminum, and the low voltage electrode 9 is connected to the lower flange 12 through a block of insulating material, the first ground electrode 8 and the second ground.
  • the electrode 10 is directly connected to the lower flange 12, and the lower flange 12 is grounded.
  • the capacitor divider housing is filled with SF6 gas at 5 atmospheres. The electric field measurement principle is used to design a slightly uneven field to measure the transient signal.
  • the low-voltage electrode 9 has a convex circular shape and the ground electrodes on both sides are insulated by SF6 gas.
  • the capacitance between the high voltage electrode 6 and the low-voltage electrodes 9 protruding circular arm form a high capacitance C 2 1, 6 shielded high-voltage electrode capacitance C 0, is formed between the first high voltage electrode and the ground electrode 8
  • the electric field between 6 and the low voltage electrode 9 approximates a uniform electric field.
  • the coupling capacitance of the capacitive voltage divider and other charged objects only changes the capacitance of the shielding capacitor C 0 .
  • the low voltage electrode 9 forms a C 21 with the first ground electrode 8
  • the low voltage electrode 9 forms a C22 with the second ground electrode 10, and C 21 and C 22 together constitute a low voltage arm capacitor C 2 .
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a capacitive voltage divider, as shown in FIG. 3, the capacitor divider high pressure guide rod 1, damping resistor 2, pressure equalizing ring 3, upper flange 4, epoxy glass fiber sleeve Tube 5, high voltage electrode 6, data acquisition and wireless transmission device 7, first ground electrode 8 (which may be referred to as ground electrode 1), low voltage electrode 9, second ground electrode 10 (which may be referred to as ground electrode 2), insulating material block 11.
  • the high voltage electrode 6, the low voltage electrode 9, the first ground electrode 8, the second ground electrode 10 and the intermediate potential shielding ring are all integral aluminum or stainless steel polished parts, and the low voltage electrode 9 is connected to the lower flange 12 through an insulating material block.
  • the first ground electrode 8 and the second ground electrode 10 are directly connected to the lower flange 12, and the lower flange 12 is grounded.
  • the intermediate potential shield ring 16 is attached to 6-8 uniformly distributed epoxy supports 15, and the epoxy support 15 is nested on the epoxy support barrel 14. Both ends of the intermediate potential shielding ring 16 may be rounded, and the rounded corners function as a uniform electric field; the low voltage electrode 9, the first ground electrode 8, the second ground electrode 10, the intermediate potential shielding ring 15 and the epoxy support barrel 14 coaxial installation.
  • the capacitive divider epoxy fiberglass casing is filled with SF6 gas at 4.5 or 5 atmospheres.
  • the electric field measurement principle is used to design a slightly uneven field to measure the transient signal.
  • the low-voltage electrode 9 has a convex circular shape and the ground electrodes on both sides are insulated by SF6 gas.
  • the capacitance between the high voltage electrode 6 and the low pressure circular protruding electrode 9 form a high beam capacitor C 4 1, 6 shielded high-voltage electrode capacitance C 0, is formed between the first high voltage electrode and the ground electrode 8 6.
  • a capacitor series C 11 ... C 1n is formed between the intermediate potential shield ring 16 and the first ground electrode 8, and the electric field between the high voltage electrode 6 and the low voltage electrode 9 is approximately uniform electric field.
  • the coupling capacitance of the capacitive voltage divider and other charged objects only changes the capacitance of the shielding capacitors C 11 ... C 1n or C 0 .
  • the low voltage electrode 9 forms a C 21 with the first ground electrode 8
  • the low voltage electrode 9 forms a C22 with the second ground electrode 10
  • C 21 and C 22 together constitute a low voltage arm capacitor C 2 .
  • a plurality of capacitors are formed between the high voltage electrode (6), the intermediate voltage shielding ring (15) and the first ground electrode 8, and are connected in parallel to the circuit in which the high voltage arm capacitor and the low voltage arm capacitor are connected in series.
  • the data acquisition and wireless transmission device 7 is placed inside the second ground electrode 10, and the signal is transmitted to a personal computer (PC, Personal Computer) using wireless transmission technology.
  • the signal across the low-voltage arm capacitor C 2 is connected to the secondary attenuator consisting of resistors R 21 and R 22 through a matching resistor and a short measuring cable, and the data acquisition unit collects the divided signal on the resistor R 22 .
  • the impact voltage divider has a simple structure and is durable.
  • the high voltage arm capacitor C1 and the low voltage arm capacitor C2 all use the same insulating gas (such as SF6), and the high and low pressure arms have the same trend, ensuring stable scale factor.
  • the outer sides of the high voltage electrode 6, the low voltage electrode 9, the first ground electrode 8 and the second ground electrode 10 are designed with a circular arc to ensure the electric field strength is Within 200kV/cm.
  • the outer diameter of the first ground electrode 8 is not lower than the low voltage electrode 9 protruding upper circular 3 times the outer diameter.
  • the main function of the intermediate potential shielding ring 16 is to uniform the electric field strength of the outer wall of the epoxy glass fiber, thereby improving the utilization rate and service life of the casing.
  • the overall height of the voltage divider and the size of the voltage equalizing ring are designed according to the rated voltage of the voltage divider, and the gap distance between the high voltage electrode 6 and the low voltage electrode 9 is determined according to the electric field strength, and the low voltage electrode is determined according to the capacitance of the high voltage arm.
  • the center protrudes the diameter of the conductor, and the outer diameter of the first ground electrode 8 is determined according to the diameter of the protruding conductor.
  • the high-voltage guide rod is designed to minimize the stray inductance on the lead, and the non-inductive resistor that can eliminate the oscillation is used as the damping resistor.
  • the damping resistance value is obtained by the step wave response test, and the damping resistor is designed according to the partial pressure of the damping resistor. size of.
  • the capacitor voltage divider provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation and transportation, and stable performance. Built-in data acquisition unit, using wireless transmission device to transmit data, no measurement cable, no need for impedance matching to eliminate the problem of signal buckling.
  • the medium of all capacitors is SF6 gas, there is no other solid insulating material, the dielectric constant is the same, the temperature coefficient is the same, and the scale factor is stable.
  • the high voltage arm capacitor is placed between the shield capacitors and is not affected by external stray capacitance.
  • the internal structure of the voltage divider is pure capacitor structure, no inductance, and the frequency response of the voltage divider is good.
  • the high-voltage lead adopts metal guide rod, the stray inductance is low, and the damping resistance is small.
  • the capacitive voltage divider comprises an upper flange and a lower flange mounted on a top end and a bottom end of the fiberglass sleeve; the high voltage electrode mounted in the fiberglass sleeve is connected to the upper flange and mounted on the fiberglass sleeve The low-voltage electrode in the tube is connected to the lower flange through an insulating material plate; the capacitive voltage divider has a simple structure, convenient installation and transportation, and stable performance.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电容分压器，该电容分压器包括安装在玻璃纤维套管（5）的顶端和底端的上法兰（4）和下法兰（12）；安装在玻璃纤维套管（5）内的高压电极（6）与上法兰（4）相连，安装在玻璃纤维套管（5）内的低压电极（9）通过绝缘材料板（11）与下法兰（12）相连。

Description

一种电容分压器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种分压器，具体涉及一种用于测量工频电压、冲击电压的两用型电容分压器。
背景技术
电力设备的冲击电压耐压试验为模拟电力系统输电线路遭受雷电冲击的电压以及开合刀闸时的冲击电压。试验过程中需要测量的参数例如有冲击电压的幅值和时间，其中涉及的冲击电压分压器为电压转换装置，将高电压冲击电压信号转换成可供二次测量装置测量的低压信号。
冲击分压器主要分为电阻分压器和电容分压器两种，电阻分压器具有动态响应优良，波形畸变小，刻度因数稳定性好等优点，但由于电阻丝热容量的限制，电阻分压器的电压等级一般为1000(千伏)kV以下，且只能用于测量雷电冲击电压。目前高于1000kV的冲击分压器大都采用电容分压器。电容分压器介质损耗小，不发热，但由于高压引线存在杂散电感，纯电容分压器测量的冲击电压信号将叠加振荡，为了阻尼这些振荡，增加了阻尼电阻，组成阻容串联分压器。
阻容串联分压器的高压臂的电容量一般为400皮法(pF)，易受周围带电体的影响，另外油纸绝缘的脉冲电容器的电容量稳定性不好，介损较大。低压臂电容一般使用集中电容(薄膜电容或陶瓷电容)，在电缆输入端进行了波阻抗匹配设计。由于高低压臂的介质不同，其温度系数和电压系数也不相同，刻度因数波动较大，一般只能保证3％的准确度，线性度无法保证，不能作为标准分压器测量冲击电压信号。
发明内容
为克服上述缺陷，本发明实施例期望提供了一种电容分压器，消除分压器与周围带电设备之间的耦合电容的影响，具有稳定的刻度因数、良好的暂态特性以及线性度。本发明实施例所提供的电容分压器可用于作为标准电容分压器校准其他认可的冲击分压器，还可测量工频电压信号，测量工频电压下的刻度因数和线性度。
为实现上述目的，本发明实施例的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明实施例提供了一种电容分压器，所述电容分压器包括：均压环(3)、上法兰(4)、玻璃纤维套管(5)，高压电极(6)、数据采集与无线传输装置(7)、第一接地电极(8)、低压电极(9)、第二接地电极(10)、绝缘材料板(11)和下法兰(12)；所述上法兰(4)和下法兰(12)分别安装在玻璃纤维套管(5)的上下端；所述第一接地电极(8)、低压电极(9)、第二接地电极(10)和数据采集与无线传输装置(7)依次设于安装在玻璃纤维套管(5)内；
所述第一接地电极(8)和第二接地电极(10)分别与所述下法兰(12)连接；
所述低压电极(9)与下法兰(12)间设有绝缘材料板(11)相连。
上述方案中，可选地，所述玻璃纤维套管(5)为环氧玻璃纤维套管(5)，所述电容分压器还包括：环氧支撑桶(14)，中间电位屏蔽环(16)；
所述上法兰(4)和下法兰(12)分别安装在环氧玻璃纤维套管(5)上的金属法兰的上下端；所述环氧支撑桶(14)、中间电位屏蔽环(16)、第一接地电极(8)、低压电极(9)、第二接地电极(10)和数据采集与无线传输装置(7)依次设于安装在环氧玻璃纤维套管(5)内；
所述第一接地电极(8)、第二接地电极(10)、环氧支撑桶(14)分别与所述下法兰(12)连接。
上述方案中，可选地，在高压电极(6)、第一接地电极(8)、第二接地电极(10)与环氧玻璃纤维套管(5)之间存在环氧支撑桶(14)，在环氧支撑桶(14)上安装有数个中间电位屏蔽环(16)，中间电位屏蔽环(16)固定在6-8个均布的环氧支撑件(15)上，环氧支撑件(15)嵌套在环氧支撑桶(14)上；低压电极(9)、第一接地电极(8)、第二接地电极(10)、中间电位屏蔽环(16)和环氧支撑桶(14)同轴安装。
上述方案中，可选地，所述中间电位屏蔽环(16)的材料为金属铝或者不锈钢抛光件，两端为圆角。
上述方案中，所述低压电极(9)为开口向下的圆桶形，其顶部中间外侧设有圆形凸起。
上述方案中，所述第二接地电极(10)为开口向下的圆桶形电极；
所述第一接地电极(8)的顶部中间设有可使所述低压电极(9)的所述凸起贯通的开口。
所述低压电极(9)与第一接地电极(8)和第二接地电极(10)间分别填充绝缘气体。
上述方案中，高压电极(6)与低压电极(9)的所述圆形凸起间和与所述第一接地电极(8)间分别形成高压臂电容C1和屏蔽电容C0，低压电极(9)与第一接地电极(8)间和与第二接地电极(10)间分别形成低压臂电容C21低压臂电容C22；
所述低压臂电容C21和低压臂电容C22组成低压臂电容C2；阻尼电阻Rd的一端与高压臂电容C1和低压臂电容C2依次连接；阻尼电阻Rd的另一端与高压导杆相连；低压臂电容C2的另一端接地；数据采集与无线传输装置(7)分别通过电阻R21和R22与低压臂电容C2两端相连。
上述方案中，所述第一接地电极(8)的外径不小于低压电极(9)上的所述圆形凸起外径的3倍。
上述方案中，所述上法兰(4)的外部设有均压环(3)；所述下法兰(12)的底部设有底座(13)，所述下法兰(12)接地。
上述方案中，所述高压电极(6)通过上法兰(4)与阻尼电阻(2)相连，所述阻尼电阻(2)与高压导杆(1)相连。
上述方案中，所述高压电极(6)、低压电极(9)、第一接地电极(8)和第二接地电极(10)的材质均为金属铝，外侧均采用圆弧设计，保证电场强度在200kV/cm以内。
上述方案中，所述玻璃纤维套管(5)和低压电极(9)分别与第一接地电极(8)和第二接地电极(10)之间形成的间隙分别充5个大气压的绝缘气体；所述绝缘气体为六氟化硫(SF6)气体。
与最接近的现有技术比，本发明实施例提供的技术方案具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明实施例提供的电容分压器，结构简单、安装运输方便、性能稳定。数据采集单元内置，采用无线传输装置传送数据，测量电缆非常短，易于匹配，基本消除测量电缆折反射的影响。
2、高压臂电容和低压臂电容的介质都为SF6气体，不存在其他固体绝缘材料，介电常数一致，温度系数相同，刻度因数稳定。
3、高压臂电外部既有高压电极和接地电极之间的屏蔽电容C0，还有高压电极、中间电位屏蔽环、接地电极之间的电容C11…C1n组成的电容串，不受外界杂散电容的影响。
4、根据电容分压器的额定电压，中间电位屏蔽环的尺寸和数量可根据套管外壁电场强度进行调整，以此达到均匀外壁电压梯度曲线的目的。
5、分压器内部结构为纯电容结构，无电感，分压器的频率响应好。
6、高压引线采用金属导杆，杂散电感低，阻尼电阻小。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的电容分压器结构示意图；
图2为图1中的高压电极与低压电极间的局部放大图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的电容分压器另一种结构示意图；
图4为图3中的高压电极与低压电极间的局部放大图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的电容分压器原理示意图。
其中：1－高压导杆，2－阻尼电阻，3－均压环，4－上法兰，5－玻璃纤维套管，6－高压电极，7－数据采集与无线传输装置，8－第一接地电极，9－低压电极，10－第二接地电极，11－绝缘材料块，12－下法兰，13－底座；14—环氧支撑桶，15—环氧支撑件，16—中间电位屏蔽环，C0－屏蔽电容，C1－高压臂电容，C2－低压臂电容，C21－低压臂电容，C22－低压臂电容，Rd－阻尼电阻。
具体实施方式
应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细描述。
本发明实施例提供了一种电容分压器，如图1所示，所述电容分压器包括：高压导杆1、阻尼电阻2、均压环3、上法兰4、玻璃纤维套管5，高压电极6、数据采集与无线传输装置7、第一接地电极8(可称为接地电极1)、低压电极9、第二接地电极10(可称为接地电极2)、绝缘材料块11和下法兰12；
其中，高压电极6、低压电极9、第一接地电极8和第二接地电极10均为整体金属铝，低压电极9通过绝缘材料块与下法兰12相连，第一接地电极8和第二接地电极10直接与下法兰12相连，下法兰12接地。电容分压器壳体内充以5个大气压的SF6气体。使用电场测量原理设计稍不均匀场测量暂态信号。低压电极9中间凸起圆形与两侧接地电极通过SF6气体 绝缘。上述方案中，如图2所示，高压电极6与低压电极9突出圆形之间的电容形成高压臂电容C1，高压电极6与第一接地电极8之间形成屏蔽电容C0，高压电极6和低压电极9之间的电场近似均匀电场。当外界存在其他带电体时，电容分压器与其他带电物体的耦合电容仅改变屏蔽电容C0的电容量。低压电极9与第一接地电极8形成C21，低压电极9与第二接地电极10形成C22，C21和C22共同组成低压臂电容C2。
本发明实施例还提供了一种电容分压器，如图3所示，所述电容分压器高压导杆1、阻尼电阻2、均压环3、上法兰4、环氧玻璃纤维套管5，高压电极6、数据采集与无线传输装置7、第一接地电极8(可称为接地电极1)、低压电极9、第二接地电极10(可称为接地电极2)、绝缘材料块11、下法兰12、环氧支撑桶14、绝缘支撑环15、中间电位屏蔽环16、紧固螺丝17等；
其中，高压电极6、低压电极9、第一接地电极8、第二接地电极10和中间电位屏蔽环均为整体金属铝或者不锈钢抛光件，低压电极9通过绝缘材料块与下法兰12相连，第一接地电极8和第二接地电极10直接与下法兰12相连，下法兰12接地。中间电位屏蔽环16固定在6-8个均布的环氧支撑件15上，环氧支撑件15嵌套在环氧支撑桶14上。中间电位屏蔽环16的两端可加圆角，所述圆角起到均匀电场的作用；低压电极9、第一接地电极8、第二接地电极10、中间电位屏蔽环15和环氧支撑桶14同轴安装。电容分压器环氧玻璃纤维套管内充以4.5或5个大气压的SF6气体。使用电场测量原理设计稍不均匀场测量暂态信号。低压电极9中间凸起圆形与两侧接地电极通过SF6气体绝缘。上述方案中，如图4所示，高压电极6与低压电极9突出圆形之间的电容形成高压臂电容C1，高压电极6与第一接地电极8之间形成屏蔽电容C0，高压电极6、中间电位屏蔽环16和第一接地电极8之间形成电容串联C11…C1n，高压电极6和低压电极9之间的电场 近似均匀电场。当外界存在其他带电体时，电容分压器与其他带电物体的耦合电容仅改变屏蔽电容C11…C1n或C0的电容量。低压电极9与第一接地电极8形成C21，低压电极9与第二接地电极10形成C22，C21和C22共同组成低压臂电容C2。高压电极(6)、中间电压屏蔽环(15)和第一接地电极8之间形成数个电容，并联在高压臂电容和低压臂电容串联之路旁边。
如图5所示，数据采集与无线传输装置7置于第二接地电极10内部，使用无线传输技术将信号传输至个人计算机(PC，Personal Computer)。低压臂电容C2两端的信号通过匹配电阻和短测量电缆连接至电阻R21、R22组成的二次衰减器，数据采集单元采集电阻R22上的分压信号。
作为一种实施方式，冲击分压器结构简单，坚固耐用，高压臂电容C1和低压臂电容C2均采用相同的绝缘气体(如SF6)，高低压臂的变化趋势一致，保证刻度因数的稳定。
作为一种实施方式，为减小电场的不均匀程度，防止发生电晕，高压电极6、低压电极9、第一接地电极8和第二接地电极10的外侧采用圆弧设计，保证电场强度在200kV/cm以内。
作为一种实施方式，为保证第一接地电极8发挥屏蔽效果，确保外界带电体不会对高压臂电容C1产生影响，第一接地电极8的外径不低于低压电极9上部突出圆形外径的3倍。
作为一种实施方式，中间电位屏蔽环16的主要作用是均匀环氧玻璃纤维外壁电场强度，提高套管的利用率和使用寿命。
实际应用中，根据分压器的额定电压设计分压器的整体高度和均压环的尺寸，根据电场强度确定高压电极6与低压电极9之间的间隙距离，根据高压臂电容量确定低压电极中心突出导体的直径，根据突出导体的直径确定第一接地电极8的外径。根据电场强度确定高压电极、低压电极9和接地电极的边缘圆角的半径、根据数据采集单元的输出电压限值确定低压 电极9与第一接地电极8和第二接地电极10之间的距离，在设计过程中需要考虑加工的难度和可行性，适当留有裕度。
实际应用中，设计高压导杆尽量减少引线上的杂散电感，制作可消除振荡的无感电阻作为阻尼电阻，通过阶跃波响应试验得到阻尼电阻值，根据阻尼电阻的分压大小设计阻尼电阻的尺寸。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明实施例提供的电容分压器，结构简单、安装运输方便、性能稳定。数据采集单元内置，采用无线传输装置传送数据，无测量电缆，不需要进行阻抗匹配消除了信号折反射的问题。
2、所有电容的介质都为SF6气体，不存在其他固体绝缘材料，介电常数一致，温度系数相同，刻度因数稳定。
3、高压臂电容置于屏蔽电容之间，不受外界杂散电容的影响。
4、分压器内部结构为纯电容结构，无电感，分压器的频率响应好。
5、高压引线采用金属导杆，杂散电感低，阻尼电阻小。
需要声明的是，本发明内容及具体实施方式意在证明本发明所提供技术方案的实际应用，不应解释为对本发明保护范围的限定。本领域技术人员在本发明的精神和原理启发下，可作各种修改、等同替换、或改进。但这些变更或修改均在申请待批的权利要求保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本发明实施例中，电容分压器包括安装在玻璃纤维套管的顶端和底端的上法兰和下法兰；安装在玻璃纤维套管内的高压电极与上法兰相连，安装在玻璃纤维套管内的低压电极通过绝缘材料板与下法兰相连；该电容分压器结构简单、安装运输方便、性能稳定。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电容分压器，所述电容分压器包括：均压环(3)、上法兰(4)、玻璃纤维套管(5)，高压电极(6)、数据采集与无线传输装置(7)、第一接地电极(8)、低压电极(9)、第二接地电极(10)、绝缘材料板(11)和下法兰(12)；其中，所述上法兰(4)和下法兰(12)分别安装在玻璃纤维套管(5)的上下端；所述第一接地电极(8)、低压电极(9)、第二接地电极(10)和数据采集与无线传输装置(7)依次设于安装在玻璃纤维套管(5)内；
    所述第一接地电极(8)和第二接地电极(10)分别与所述下法兰(12)连接；
    所述低压电极(9)与下法兰(12)间设有绝缘材料板(11)相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电容分压器，其中，所述玻璃纤维套管(5)为环氧玻璃纤维套管(5)，所述电容分压器还包括：环氧支撑桶(14)，中间电位屏蔽环(16)；
    所述上法兰(4)和下法兰(12)分别安装在环氧玻璃纤维套管(5)上的金属法兰的上下端；所述环氧支撑桶(14)、中间电位屏蔽环(16)、第一接地电极(8)、低压电极(9)、第二接地电极(10)和数据采集与无线传输装置(7)依次设于安装在环氧玻璃纤维套管(5)内；
    所述第一接地电极(8)、第二接地电极(10)、环氧支撑桶(14)分别与所述下法兰(12)连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电容分压器，其特征在于，在高压电极(6)、第一接地电极(8)、第二接地电极(10)与环氧玻璃纤维套管(5)之间存在环氧支撑桶(14)，在环氧支撑桶(14)上安装有数个中间电位屏蔽环(16)，中间电位屏蔽环(16)固定在6-8个均布的环氧支撑件(15)上，环氧支撑件(15)嵌套在环氧支撑桶(14)上；低压电极(9)、第一接地电极(8)、 第二接地电极(10)、中间电位屏蔽环(16)和环氧支撑桶(14)同轴安装。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电容分压器，其中，所述低压电极(9)为开口向下的圆桶形，其顶部中间外侧设有圆形凸起。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电容分压器，其中，所述第二接地电极(10)为开口向下的圆桶形电极；
    所述第一接地电极(8)的顶部中间设有可使所述低压电极(9)的所述凸起贯通的开口。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电容分压器，其中，所述低压电极(9)与第一接地电极(8)和第二接地电极(10)间分别填充绝缘气体。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电容分压器，其中，高压电极(6)与低压电极(9)的所述圆形凸起间和与所述第一接地电极(8)间分别形成高压臂电容C1和屏蔽电容C0，低压电极(9)与第一接地电极(8)间和与第二接地电极(10)间分别形成低压臂电容C21低压臂电容C22；
    所述低压臂电容C21和低压臂电容C22组成低压臂电容C2；阻尼电阻Rd的一端与高压臂电容C1和低压臂电容C2依次连接；阻尼电阻Rd的另一端与高压导杆相连；低压臂电容C2的另一端接地；数据采集与无线传输装置(7)分别通过电阻R21和R22与低压臂电容C2两端相连。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的电容分压器，其中，所述第一接地电极(8)的外径不小于低压电极(9)上的所述圆形凸起外径的3倍。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电容分压器，其中，所述上法兰(4)的外部设有均压环(3)；所述下法兰(12)的底部设有底座(13)，所述下法兰(12)接地。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电容分压器，其中，所述高压电极(6)通过上法兰(4)与阻尼电阻(2)相连，所述阻尼电阻(2)与高压导杆(1)相连。
  11. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电容分压器，其中，所述高压电极(6)、低压电极(9)、第一接地电极(8)和第二接地电极(10)的材质均为金属铝，外侧均采用圆弧设计，保证电场强度在200kV/cm以内。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述的电容分压器，其中，所述玻璃纤维套管(5)和低压电极(9)分别与第一接地电极(8)和第二接地电极(10)之间形成的间隙分别充5个大气压的绝缘气体；所述绝缘气体为SF6气体。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述的电容分压器，其中，所述中间电位屏蔽环(16)的材料为金属铝或者不锈钢抛光件，两端为圆角。
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