WO2017070825A1 - 一种反射面天线及天线对准方法 - Google Patents

一种反射面天线及天线对准方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017070825A1
WO2017070825A1 PCT/CN2015/092854 CN2015092854W WO2017070825A1 WO 2017070825 A1 WO2017070825 A1 WO 2017070825A1 CN 2015092854 W CN2015092854 W CN 2015092854W WO 2017070825 A1 WO2017070825 A1 WO 2017070825A1
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Prior art keywords
channel
feed
radio frequency
signal
frequency channel
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PCT/CN2015/092854
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English (en)
French (fr)
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骆彦行
�龙昊
汤富生
曾卓
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to CN201580084148.0A priority Critical patent/CN108352619B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2015/092854 priority patent/WO2017070825A1/zh
Priority to EP15906891.5A priority patent/EP3361572B1/en
Publication of WO2017070825A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017070825A1/zh
Priority to US15/962,769 priority patent/US10637153B2/en
Priority to US16/843,744 priority patent/US11177579B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0025—Modular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to a reflector antenna and an antenna alignment method.
  • the antenna is a key component in wireless communication and microwave communication, and it can realize mutual conversion between high-frequency electrical signals and wireless signals or microwave signals.
  • an antenna is used to transmit or receive a wireless signal or a microwave signal.
  • the most used in microwave communication is a reflector antenna.
  • the reflector antenna includes a feed and a reflection surface.
  • the RF channel sends a signal to the feed, and then the signal from the feed is reflected by the reflective surface.
  • Radiation, in the receiving state, the reflective surface reflects the received signal into the feed and transmits it to the RF channel connected to the feed.
  • the installation of the high-gain antenna is very time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is easy to break the service due to the tower shake in a windy environment. Therefore, the antenna is required to have a certain alignment capability for mounting alignment and anti-shake, but the efficiency of antenna rotation alignment is very low. .
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a reflective surface antenna and an antenna alignment method for implementing antenna alignment for mounting alignment and anti-shake.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a reflective surface antenna, including: a feed array including N feeds, N being an integer greater than 1; a reflective surface for reflecting signals from the feed array or Signals are reflected onto the feed array; M RF channels, the RF channels including at least one of an adjustable gain amplifier and a phase shifter for controlling signals, M being an integer greater than 1 and less than N, each The RF channel corresponds to one of the N feeds, and the corresponding relationship between the RF channel and the feed is variable, and the RF channel transmits a signal or receives a signal through a corresponding feed.
  • the method further includes: M single-pole multi-throw switches, one RF channel corresponding to one single-pole multi-throw switch, and one single-pole multi-throw switch corresponding to multiple feeds.
  • the RF channel is connected to a single-pole end of the single-pole multi-throw switch, the feed is connected to a multi-throw end of the single-pole multi-throw switch, and the corresponding relationship between the RF channel and the feed is through the single-pole multi-throw Switch control.
  • the feed is coupled to the multi-throw end of the single-pole multi-throw switch by a cross-waveguide.
  • the radio frequency channel includes a transmitting radio frequency channel, where The transmitting radio frequency channel includes the phase shifter for controlling the phase of the signal to be transmitted.
  • the radio frequency channel includes a transmitting radio frequency channel, where
  • the transmit RF channel includes the adjustable gain amplifier, which is used to control the amplitude of the signal to be transmitted.
  • the number of the transmitting radio frequency channels is 0, and the value of O is greater than 1.
  • the radio frequency channel includes a receiving radio frequency channel
  • the receiving radio frequency channel includes the phase shifter, and the phase shifter is configured to control a phase of a received signal.
  • the radio frequency channel includes a receiving radio frequency channel
  • the receiving RF channel includes the adjustable gain amplifier, the adjustable gain amplification
  • the device is used to control the amplitude of the received signal.
  • the quantity of the receiving radio frequency channel is P, and P is greater than 1.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna alignment method, which uses the reflector antenna provided by the first aspect, where the method includes: setting a correspondence between a radio frequency channel and a feed source as a test correspondence relationship; and detecting each radio frequency channel receiving The power of the signal is determined according to the power of the signal received by each of the RF channels, and the corresponding relationship between the RF channel and the feed is determined.
  • the RF channel corresponds to The feed position is adjacent to each other; the corresponding relationship between the RF channel and the feed is set to be an alignment correspondence; the RF channel transmits a signal or receives a signal through a feed corresponding to the alignment correspondence.
  • the corresponding source of the radio frequency channel is located at an edge of the feed array.
  • the feed corresponding to the radio frequency channel is evenly distributed around a center of the feed array.
  • determining, according to the power of the signal received by each radio frequency channel The mapping relationship between the RF channel and the feed specifically includes: determining a direction of the incoming wave according to the power of the signal received by each of the RF channels; and determining an alignment relationship between the RF channel and the feed according to the direction of the incoming wave.
  • the radio frequency channel is configured by the alignment Before the corresponding signal is transmitted or received by the feed, the phase shifter for adjusting the receiving RF channel is further adjusted to optimize the MSE of the received signal after the combiner is combined.
  • the method before the transmitting, by the RF channel, the signal corresponding to the feed corresponding to the alignment corresponding relationship, or the received signal, the method further includes: adjusting an adjustable gain of the receiving RF channel An amplifier that optimizes the MSE of the received signal after the combiner is combined.
  • the reflective surface antenna provided in the above embodiments of the present invention includes: a feed array including N feeds, N being an integer greater than 1; a reflective surface for reflecting signals from the feed array or reflecting signals to On the feed array; M radio frequency channels, the radio frequency channel includes at least one of an adjustable gain amplifier and a phase shifter for controlling signals, and M is an integer greater than 1 and less than N, and each radio frequency channel corresponds to One of the N feeds, the corresponding relationship between the RF channel and the feed is variable, and the RF channel transmits a signal or receives a signal through a corresponding feed.
  • the corresponding relationship between the RF channel and the feed source is variable, so the RF channel can compare the received power and/or phase of the feed, and then can select a better feed to correspond, thereby achieving coarse alignment in the RF channel.
  • the phase shifters and/or the adjustable gain amplifiers of the respective RF channels can be further adjusted to achieve fine alignment.
  • the above alignment process does not require rotating the antenna, and antenna alignment can be achieved efficiently.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a reflecting surface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural view of another reflecting surface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a structural diagram of a feed array of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an antenna alignment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a reflector antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • a reflective surface antenna comprising:
  • the feed array 11 includes N feeds, and N is an integer greater than one;
  • a reflecting surface 12 for reflecting a signal from the feed array or reflecting the signal onto the feed array
  • M RF channels 13 the RF channels including at least one of an adjustable gain amplifier and a phase shifter for controlling signals, M being an integer greater than 1 and less than N, each RF channel corresponding to the N feeds In one of the two, the corresponding relationship between the RF channel and the feed is variable, and the RF channel transmits a signal or receives a signal through a corresponding feed.
  • the corresponding relationship between the RF channel and the feed source is variable, so the RF channel can compare the received power and/or phase of the feed, and then can select a better feed to correspond, thereby achieving coarse alignment in the RF channel.
  • the phase shifters of the respective RF channels can be further adjusted to achieve fine alignment.
  • the above alignment process does not require rotating the antenna, and antenna alignment can be achieved efficiently.
  • the correspondence between the RF channel and the feed in FIG. 1 can be realized by M single-pole multi-throw switches, for example, M single-pole multi-throw switches, one RF channel corresponding to one single-pole multi-throw switch, and one single-pole multi-throw switch corresponding to multiple feeds.
  • M single-pole multi-throw switches for example, M single-pole multi-throw switches, one RF channel corresponding to one single-pole multi-throw switch, and one single-pole multi-throw switch corresponding to multiple feeds.
  • a source the RF channel is connected to a single-pole end of the single-pole multi-throw switch
  • the feed is connected to a multi-throw end of the single-pole multi-throw switch
  • a correspondence between the RF channel and the feed is Single-pole multi-throw switch control.
  • the feed is connected to the multi-throw end of the single-pole multi-throw switch through a cross-waveguide.
  • FIG. 3 is an arrangement of the feed array 11 in the reflector antenna shown in FIG. 2.
  • the planar antenna comprises four RF channels 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d, a reflecting surface 12, and the feeding array 11 comprises 16 feeds (a1, a2, a3, a4; b1, b2, b3, b4; c1, c2, C3, c4; d1, d2, d3, d4).
  • the number of the feed array, the RF channel, and the reflective surface is not limited thereto.
  • the number of the reflective surfaces may be multiple, and the signal sent by the feed is emitted after multiple reflections of the plurality of reflective surfaces.
  • the corresponding relationship between the RF channel and the feed is controlled by four single-pole multi-throw switches.
  • the RF channel and the single-pole multi-throw switch are in one-to-one correspondence, and the RF channel is connected to the single-pole end of the single-pole multi-throw switch, that is, the RF channel 13a is connected to the single-pole end of the single-pole multi-throw switch 14a, and the single-end end of the RF channel 13b and the single-pole multi-throw switch 14b are connected.
  • the RF channel 13c is connected to the single-pole end of the single-pole multi-throw switch 14c
  • the RF channel 13d is connected to the single-pole end of the single-pole multi-throw switch 14d.
  • a single-pole multi-throw switch corresponds to a plurality of feeds, and the feed is connected to the multi-throw end of the single-pole multi-throw switch, that is, the multi-throw end of the single-pole multi-throw switch 14a is respectively connected with the a1, a2, a3, a4 of the feed array, and the single-pole
  • the multi-throw end of the multi-throw switch 14b is respectively connected to b1, b2, b3, b4 of the feed array
  • the multi-throw end of the single-pole multi-throw switch 14c is respectively connected with c1, c2, c3, c4 of the feed array
  • the multi-throw end of the switch 14d is connected to d1, d2, d3, d4 of the feed array, respectively.
  • each single-pole multi-throw switch is only connected to the four feeds in the feed array and does not conflict with each other. This is only for convenience of explanation, and the actual
  • the cross-waveguide is also passed between the feed array and the four single-pole multi-throw switches in Fig. 2.
  • the purpose of this is to facilitate the realization of the product, and of course, other methods can be used for the connection.
  • the RF channel may specifically include a transmitting RF channel and/or a receiving RF channel. If the transmitting RF channel is included, the transmitting RF channel includes a phase shifter and/or an adjustable gain amplifier for controlling the phase of the signal to be transmitted, the adjustable gain amplifier being used for the amplitude of the signal to be transmitted Take control.
  • the number of the transmitting radio frequency channels is 0, and O is an integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to M.
  • the antenna may further include a splitter for dividing the signal to be transmitted into O paths and sending them to the O transmitting RF channels.
  • the receiving RF channel includes a phase shifter and/or an adjustable gain amplifier for controlling the phase of the received signal, the adjustable gain amplifier for amplitude of the received signal Take control.
  • the number of receiving RF channels is P, P. The integer is greater than 1 and less than or equal to M; the antenna further includes a combiner for combining the received signals of the P receiving RF channels.
  • each RF channel includes both a transmit RF channel and a receive RF channel.
  • the transmitting RF channel of the RF channel 13a includes a phase shifter 131a, an adjustable gain amplifier 131a and an amplifier 133a.
  • the receiving RF channel of the RF channel 13a includes a low noise amplifier 135a, an adjustable gain amplifier 136a and a phase shifter 137a, and the RF channel 13a.
  • the transmitting RF channel and the receiving RF channel are connected to the single-pole multi-throw switch through the duplexer 134a.
  • the structures of the other RF channels are similar, and are not described here.
  • the number of transmitting radio frequency channels is four
  • the antenna may further include a splitter 16 for dividing the signals to be transmitted into four channels and respectively transmitting them into four transmitting radio frequency channels.
  • the number of receiving RF channels is four
  • the antenna may further include a combiner 17 for combining the received signals of the four receiving RF channels.
  • the signals to be transmitted are first sent to the four transmitting RF channels through the splitter 16, and then sent to the corresponding feeds through the corresponding single-pole multi-throw switches, and pass through the reflecting surface.
  • the adjustable gain amplifier and/or phase shifter can finely control the beam direction of the outward radiation.
  • the beam direction of the outward radiation can be controlled in a wide range; in the receiving state, The reflecting surface reflects the received signal into the feed and transmits it to the corresponding receiving RF channel, and then combiner 17 combines the received signals of the four receiving RF channels by adjusting the adjustable gain amplifier and/or shifting The phaser can finely control the beam direction of the received signal, and can control the beam direction of the received signal in a wide range by controlling the single-pole multi-throw switch.
  • S403. Determine, according to the power of the signal received by each radio channel, an alignment relationship between the radio frequency channel and the feed source.
  • the radio frequency channel transmits a signal or receives a signal through a feed corresponding to the alignment correspondence.
  • the feed locations corresponding to the radio frequency channels are adjacent to each other in an alignment relationship between the radio frequency channel and the feed source.
  • the feed corresponding to the radio frequency channel may be located at an edge of the feed array.
  • the feed corresponding to the radio frequency channel may be evenly distributed around the center of the feed array.
  • Determining, according to the power of the signal received by each radio channel, the alignment relationship between the radio frequency channel and the feed source may include: determining a direction of the incoming wave according to the power of the signal received by each radio frequency channel; determining the radio frequency channel according to the direction of the incoming wave The alignment of the feeds corresponds to a relationship.
  • the method further includes: adjusting a phase shifter and/or an adjustable gain amplifier that receives the RF channel, and optimizing an MSE of the received signal after the combiner is combined.
  • the single-pole multi-throw switch 14a is set, so that the RF channel 13a corresponds to the feed a1, and the single-pole multi-throw switch 14b is set, so that the RF channel 13b corresponds to the feed b2, and the single-pole multi-throw switch 14c is set, so that the RF channel 13c corresponds to the feed c3, and the setting is made.
  • the single-pole multi-throw switch 14d is such that the RF channel 13d corresponds to the feed d4, that is, the feed corresponding to the RF channel is located at the four corners of the feed array.
  • the power of the signal received by each RF channel is detected.
  • the power and/or phase of the RF channel 13a can be measured after the duplexer 134a, that is, the power and/or phase of the feed a1 is measured; after the duplexer 134b is measured.
  • the power and/or phase of the RF channel 13b is measured, that is, the power and/or phase of the feed source b2 is measured; after the duplexer 134c, the power and/or phase of the RF channel 13c is measured, that is, the power corresponding to the feed source c3 is measured.
  • the power and/or phase of the RF channel 13d is measured after the duplexer 134d, that is, the power and/or phase of the feed d4 is measured.
  • the alignment of the RF channel and the feed corresponds to In the system, the corresponding source locations of the radio frequency channels are adjacent. Therefore, there are 9 kinds of optional alignment correspondences: (a1, b1, c1, d1), (b1, a2, d1, c2), (a2, b2, c2, d2), (c1, d2, A3, b3), (d1, c2, b3, a4), (c2, d2, a4, b4), (a3, b3, c3, d3), (b3, a4, d3, c4), (a4, b4, C4, d4), the nine optional alignment correspondences are distributed throughout the feed array, and the scanning angle when the alignment is selected is large.
  • the power and/or phase of the signals received by the four RF channels it can be determined which of the nine optional alignment correspondences is optimal.
  • the power of the received signal of the RF channel corresponding to the feed a1 is significantly larger than other RFs.
  • (a1, b1, c1, d1) can be selected as the alignment correspondence.
  • this is only an example for the sake of simplicity, and the actual determination process is more complicated.
  • a correspondence table between the power of the received signals of the four RF channels and the direction of the incoming wave is established, and the direction of the incoming wave is determined according to the table, and then the RF channel is determined according to the correspondence table between the direction of the incoming wave and the corresponding relationship of the alignment.
  • the alignment of the feeds corresponds to a relationship.
  • the process of selecting the alignment relationship can be regarded as a rough scanning process. After selecting the alignment correspondence, that is, each single-pole multi-throw switch has been configured, the phase shifter and/or the adjustable gain amplifier of the receiving RF channel can be adjusted.
  • the MSE of the received signal after the combiner is optimized to achieve fine alignment, and the process of adjusting the phase shifter can be regarded as a process of fine scanning.
  • phase shifter does not work, or the parameters of all phase shifters are the same.
  • a small number of RF channels can be used to ensure that the high gain antenna has a large scanning angle and supports seamless coverage without a grating lobe.
  • the reflective surface antenna obtains strong beam scanning capability through coarse scanning and fine scanning, thereby facilitating installation alignment and anti-shake, and having lower cost and power consumption, which is advantageous for productization.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the invention may be employed in one or more A computer program product embodied on a computer usable storage medium (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program code.
  • a computer usable storage medium including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • the present invention has been described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (system), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or FIG.
  • the computer program instructions can be provided to a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of other programmable data processing device such that instructions executed by a processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device can be implemented in a flowchart
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种反射面天线及天线对准方法，其中反射面天线包括：馈源阵列，包括N个馈源，N为大于1的整数；反射面，用于反射来自所述馈源阵列的信号或者将信号反射到所述馈源阵列上；M个射频通道，所述射频通道包括可调增益放大器和移相器中的至少一个用来对信号进行控制，M为大于1小于N的整数，每个射频通道对应所述N个馈源中的一个，所述射频通道和所述馈源的对应关系可变，所述射频通道通过对应的馈源发射信号或者接收信号。

Description

一种反射面天线及天线对准方法 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种反射面天线及天线对准方法。
背景技术
天线是无线通信和微波通信中的关键器件，它可以实现高频电信号与无线信号或微波信号之间的相互转换。在无线通信和微波通信中，天线被用来发射或接收无线信号或微波信号。
在微波通信中使用的最多的是反射面天线，反射面天线包括馈源和反射面，在发射状态下，射频通道将信号发送到馈源，然后馈源发出的信号通过反射面的反射向外辐射，在接收状态下，反射面将接收到的信号反射到馈源中并传输至与馈源连接的射频通道。
高增益天线的安装对准非常费时费力，并且在大风环境下容易因为铁塔摇晃而导致业务中断，因此要求天线具备一定对准能力以便安装对准和对抗摇晃，但是天线转动对准的效率非常低。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种反射面天线及天线对准方法，用于实现天线对准以便安装对准和对抗摇晃。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种反射面天线，包括：馈源阵列，包括N个馈源，N为大于1的整数；反射面，用于反射来自所述馈源阵列的信号或者将信号反射到所述馈源阵列上；M个射频通道，所述射频通道包括可调增益放大器和移相器中的至少一个用来对信号进行控制，M为大于1小于N的整数，每个射频通道对应所述N个馈源中的一个，所述射频通道和所述馈源的对应关系可变，所述射频通道通过对应的馈源发射信号或者接收信号。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，还包括M个单刀多掷开关，一个射频通道对应一个单刀多掷开关，一个单刀多掷开关对应多个馈源，所述射频通道和所述单刀多掷开关的单刀端相连，所述馈源和所述单刀多掷开关的多掷端相连，所述射频通道和所述馈源的对应关系通过所述单刀多掷开关控制。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述馈源通过交叉波导和所述单刀多掷开关的多掷端相连。
结合第一方面或者第一方面的第一种至第二种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述射频通道包括发射射频通道，所述发射射频通道包括所述移相器，所述移相器用于对待发射信号的相位进行控制。
结合第一方面或者第一方面的第一种至第三种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述射频通道包括发射射频通道，所述发射射频通道包括所述可调增益放大器，所述可调增益放大器用于对待发射信号的幅度进行控制。
结合第一方面的第三种或者第四种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述发射射频通道的数量为O，O为大于1小于等于M的整数；所述天线还包括分路器，用于将待发射信号分为O路分别送到O个发射射频通道。
结合第一方面或者第一方面的第一种至第五种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，，所述射频通道包括接收射频通道，所述接收射频通道包括所述移相器，所述移相器用于对接收信号的相位进行控制。
结合第一方面或者第一方面的第一种至第六种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，，所述射频通道包括接收射频通道，所述接收射频通道包括所述可调增益放大器，所述可调增益放大 器用于对接收信号的幅度进行控制。
结合第一方面的第六种或者第七种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第一方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，所述接收射频通道的数量为P，P为大于1小于等于M的整数；所述天线还包括合路器，用于将P个接收射频通道的接收信号进行合路。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种天线对准方法，使用第一方面提供的反射面天线，所述方法包括：设置射频通道和馈源的对应关系为测试对应关系；检测各个射频通道接收的信号的功率；根据各个射频通道接收的信号的功率确定射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系，在所述射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系中，所述射频通道对应的馈源位置相邻；设置射频通道和馈源的对应关系为对准对应关系；所述射频通道通过所述对准对应关系对应的馈源发射信号或者接收信号。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，在所述测试对应关系中，所述射频通道对应的馈源位于馈源阵列的边缘。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，，在所述测试对应关系中，所述射频通道对应的馈源围绕馈源阵列的中心均匀分布。
结合第二方面或者第二方面的第一种至第二种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，根据各个射频通道接收的信号的功率确定射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系具体包括：根据各个射频通道接收的信号的功率确定来波方向；根据来波方向确定射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系。
结合第二方面或者第二方面的第一种至第三种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第二方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述射频通道通过所述对准对应关系对应的馈源发射信号或者接收信号之前还包括：调节接收射频通道的移相器，优化所述合路器合路之后的接收信号的MSE。
结合第二方面或者第二方面的第一种至第四种可能的实现方式中的任 意一种，在第二方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述射频通道通过所述对准对应关系对应的馈源发射信号或者接收信号之前还包括：调节接收射频通道的可调增益放大器，优化所述合路器合路之后的接收信号的MSE。
本发明的上述实施例中提供的反射面天线包括：馈源阵列，包括N个馈源，N为大于1的整数；反射面，用于反射来自所述馈源阵列的信号或者将信号反射到所述馈源阵列上；M个射频通道，所述射频通道包括可调增益放大器和移相器中的至少一个用来对信号进行控制，M为大于1小于N的整数，每个射频通道对应所述N个馈源中的一个，所述射频通道和所述馈源的对应关系可变，所述射频通道通过对应的馈源发射信号或者接收信号。所述射频通道和所述馈源的对应关系可变，因此射频通道可以比较馈源的接收功率和/或相位，进而可以选择较优的馈源进行对应，从而实现粗略对准，在射频通道和所述馈源的对应关系确定后，还可以进一步调整各个射频通道的移相器和/或可调增益放大器，从而实现精细对准。上面的对准过程不需要转动天线，可以高效率的实现天线对准。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一个实施例的一种反射面天线的结构图。
图2是本发明一个实施例的另一种反射面天线的结构图。
图3是本发明一个实施例的馈源阵列的结构图。
图4是本发明一个实施例的天线对准方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，为本发明实施例提供的一种反射面天线，包括：
一种反射面天线，其特征在于，包括：
馈源阵列11，包括N个馈源，N为大于1的整数；
反射面12，用于反射来自所述馈源阵列的信号或者将信号反射到所述馈源阵列上；
M个射频通道13，所述射频通道包括可调增益放大器和移相器中的至少一个用来对信号进行控制，M为大于1小于N的整数，每个射频通道对应所述N个馈源中的一个，所述射频通道和所述馈源的对应关系可变，所述射频通道通过对应的馈源发射信号或者接收信号。
所述射频通道和所述馈源的对应关系可变，因此射频通道可以比较馈源的接收功率和/或相位，进而可以选择较优的馈源进行对应，从而实现粗略对准，在射频通道和所述馈源的对应关系确定后，还可以进一步调整各个射频通道的移相器，从而实现精细对准。上面的对准过程不需要转动天线，可以高效率的实现天线对准。
图1中射频通道和馈源的对应关系可以通过M个单刀多掷开关实现，例如可以包括M个单刀多掷开关，一个射频通道对应一个单刀多掷开关，一个单刀多掷开关对应多个馈源，所述射频通道和所述单刀多掷开关的单刀端相连，所述馈源和所述单刀多掷开关的多掷端相连，所述射频通道和所述馈源的对应关系通过所述单刀多掷开关控制。所述馈源通过交叉波导和所述单刀多掷开关的多掷端相连。
如图2所示，为本发明实施例提供的一种反射面天线，如图3所示，为图2所示反射面天线中馈源阵列11的一种排列方式。结合图2和图3，反射 面天线包括4个射频通道13a，13b，13c和13d，一个反射面12，馈源阵列11包括16个馈源(a1，a2，a3，a4；b1，b2，b3，b4；c1，c2，c3，c4；d1，d2，d3，d4)。当然，馈源阵列，射频通道以及反射面的个数并不限于此，例如反射面的个数可以为多个，馈源发出的信号经过多个反射面的多次反射后发射出去。
图2中通过4个单刀多掷开关控制射频通道和馈源的对应关系。射频通道和单刀多掷开关一一对应，射频通道和单刀多掷开关的单刀端相连，即射频通道13a和单刀多掷开关14a的单刀端相连，射频通道13b和单刀多掷开关14b的单刀端相连，射频通道13c和单刀多掷开关14c的单刀端相连，射频通道13d和单刀多掷开关14d的单刀端相连。一个单刀多掷开关对应多个馈源，馈源和单刀多掷开关的多掷端相连，即单刀多掷开关14a的多掷端分别和馈源阵列的a1，a2，a3，a4相连，单刀多掷开关14b的多掷端分别和馈源阵列的b1，b2，b3，b4相连，单刀多掷开关14c的多掷端分别和馈源阵列的c1，c2，c3，c4相连，单刀多掷开关14d的多掷端分别和馈源阵列的d1，d2，d3，d4相连。该例子中每个单刀多掷开关仅和馈源阵列中的4个馈源相连且相互之间不冲突，这样做只是为了方便说明，实际使用时不限于此。
图2中馈源阵列和4个单刀多掷开关之间还经过交叉波导，这样做的目的在于方便产品实现，当然也可以采用其它方式进行连接。
射频通道可以具体包括发射射频通道和/或接收射频通道。如果包括发射射频通道，所述发射射频通道包括移相器和/或可调增益放大器，所述移相器用于对待发射信号的相位进行控制，所述可调增益放大器用于对待发射信号的幅度进行控制。所述发射射频通道的数量为O，O为大于1小于等于M的整数。所述天线还可以包括分路器，用于将待发射信号分为O路分别送到O个发射射频通道。如果包括接收射频通道，所述接收射频通道包括移相器和/或可调增益放大器，所述移相器用于对接收信号的相位进行控制，所述可调增益放大器用于对接收信号的幅度进行控制。接收射频通道的数量为P，P 为大于1小于等于M的整数；所述天线还包括合路器，用于将P个接收射频通道的接收信号进行合路。
图2中的实施例中，每个射频通道都同时包括发射射频通道和接收射频通道。射频通道13a的发射射频通道包括移相器131a，可调增益放大器131a和放大器133a，射频通道13a的接收射频通道包括低噪声放大器135a，可调增益放大器136a和移相器137a，射频通道13a的发射射频通道和接收射频通道通过双工器134a连接单刀多掷开关，其它射频通道的结构类似，在此不再赘述。
图2中的实施例中，发射射频通道的数量为4，所述天线还可以包括分路器16，用于将待发射信号分为4路分别送到4个发射射频通道中。接收射频通道的数量为4，所述天线还可以包括合路器17，用于将将4个接收射频通道的接收信号进行合路。
图2中的实施例中，在发射状态下，待发射信号首先经过分路器16分别送到4个发射射频通道中，然后通过相应单刀多掷开关送到相应馈源，并经过反射面的反射向外辐射，通过调节可调增益放大器和/或移相器可以精细控制向外辐射的波束方向，通过控制单刀多掷开关可以大范围的控制向外辐射的波束方向；在接收状态下，反射面将接收到的信号反射到馈源中并传输至相应的接收射频通道，然后合路器17将将4个接收射频通道的接收信号进行合路，通过调节可调增益放大器和/或移相器可以精细控制所接收信号的波束方向，通过控制单刀多掷开关可以大范围的控制所接收信号的波束方向。
图4为使用上述反射面天线进行对准的方法，包括：
S401，设置射频通道和馈源的对应关系为测试对应关系；
S402，检测各个射频通道接收的信号的功率；
S403，根据各个射频通道接收的信号的功率确定射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系；
S404，设置射频通道和馈源的对应关系为对准对应关系；
S405，所述射频通道通过所述对准对应关系对应的馈源发射信号或者接收信号。
其中，在所述射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系中，所述射频通道对应的馈源位置相邻。
S401中的所述测试对应关系中，所述射频通道对应的馈源可以位于馈源阵列的边缘。
S401中的所述测试对应关系中，所述射频通道对应的馈源可以围绕馈源阵列的中心均匀分布。
S403中根据各个射频通道接收的信号的功率确定射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系可以具体包括：根据各个射频通道接收的信号的功率确定来波方向；根据来波方向确定射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系。
S405之前还可以包括：调节接收射频通道的移相器和/或可调增益放大器，优化所述合路器合路之后的接收信号的MSE。
下面以图2和图3中的反射面天线为例详细说明一种对准方法。
首先设置单刀多掷开关14a，使得射频通道13a对应馈源a1，设置单刀多掷开关14b，使得射频通道13b对应馈源b2，设置单刀多掷开关14c，使得射频通道13c对应馈源c3，设置单刀多掷开关14d，使得射频通道13d对应馈源d4，即射频通道对应的馈源位于馈源阵列的四个角上。
检测各个射频通道接收的信号的功率，例如可以在双工器134a后测得射频通道13a的功率和/或相位，即测得馈源a1对应功率和/或相位；在双工器134b后测得射频通道13b的功率和/或相位，即测得馈源b2对应功率和/或相位；在双工器134c后测得射频通道13c的功率和/或相位，即测得馈源c3对应功率和/或相位；在双工器134d后测得射频通道13d的功率和/或相位，即测得馈源d4对应功率和/或相位。
为了简单起见，本实施例中，在所述射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关 系中，所述射频通道对应的馈源位置相邻。因此共有9种可选的对准对应关系，分别为：(a1,b1,c1,d1)，(b1,a2,d1,c2),(a2,b2,c2,d2),(c1,d2,a3,b3),(d1,c2,b3,a4),(c2,d2,a4,b4),(a3,b3,c3,d3),(b3,a4,d3,c4),(a4,b4,c4,d4)，这9种可选的对准对应关系遍布整个馈源阵列，选择对准对应关系时的扫描角度大。
根据4个射频通道接收信号的功率和/或相位，可以确定9种可选的对准对应关系中哪种对应关系最优，例如馈源a1对应的射频通道的接收信号的功率明显大于其它射频通道的接收信号的功率，则可以选择(a1,b1,c1,d1)作为对准对应关系，当然这只是为简单起见举的例子，实际的确定过程更复杂。
例如根据理论计算实现建立4个射频通道接收信号的功率和来波方向的对应表，根据该表确定来波方向，然后根据来波方向和对准对应关系之间的对应表，确定射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系。当然，也可以直接建立4个射频通道接收信号的功率和对准对应关系的对应表。
选择对准对应关系的过程可以认为是粗扫描得过程，在选择好对准对应关系之后，即各个单刀多掷开关已经配置好，可以调整接收射频通道的移相器和/或可调增益放大器，优化所述合路器合路之后的接收信号的MSE，从而实现精细对准，调整移相器的过程可以认为是细扫描的过程。
当然，也可以使用其它对准方法进行对准，例如遍历9种对准对应关系，然后计算得到应当选用的对准对应关系，例如根据相应对应关系时合路器后得到的接收信号功率，此时移相器不工作，或者设置所有移相器的参数相同。
本发明实施例的反射面天线，使用少量射频通道就可以保证高增益天线具备较大扫描角度，并且支持无缝覆盖，没有栅瓣。该反射面天线通过粗扫描和细扫描获得较强的波束扫描能力，从而可以方便的进行安装对准和对抗摇晃，同时具有较低成本和功耗，利于产品化。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本发明的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本发明可采用在一个或多个 其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器，使得通过该计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令可实现流程图中的一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图的一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图的一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种反射面天线，其特征在于，包括：
    馈源阵列，包括N个馈源，N为大于1的整数；
    反射面，用于反射来自所述馈源阵列的信号或者将信号反射到所述馈源阵列上；
    M个射频通道，所述射频通道包括可调增益放大器和移相器中的至少一个用来对信号进行控制，M为大于1小于N的整数，每个射频通道对应所述N个馈源中的一个，所述射频通道和所述馈源的对应关系可变，所述射频通道通过对应的馈源发射信号或者接收信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，还包括M个单刀多掷开关，一个射频通道对应一个单刀多掷开关，一个单刀多掷开关对应多个馈源，所述射频通道和所述单刀多掷开关的单刀端相连，所述馈源和所述单刀多掷开关的多掷端相连，所述射频通道和所述馈源的对应关系通过所述单刀多掷开关控制。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈源通过交叉波导和所述单刀多掷开关的多掷端相连。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述射频通道包括发射射频通道，所述发射射频通道包括所述移相器，所述移相器用于对待发射信号的相位进行控制。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述射频通道包括发射射频通道，所述发射射频通道包括所述可调增益放大器，所述可调增益放大器用于对待发射信号的幅度进行控制。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的天线，其特征在于，所述发射射频通道的数量为O，O为大于1小于等于M的整数；
    所述天线还包括分路器，用于将待发射信号分为O路分别送到O个发 射射频通道。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述射频通道包括接收射频通道，所述接收射频通道包括所述移相器，所述移相器用于对接收信号的相位进行控制。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述射频通道包括接收射频通道，所述接收射频通道包括所述可调增益放大器，所述可调增益放大器用于对接收信号的幅度进行控制。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的天线，其特征在于，所述接收射频通道的数量为P，P为大于1小于等于M的整数；
    所述天线还包括合路器，用于将P个接收射频通道的接收信号进行合路。
  10. 一种天线对准方法，其特征在于，使用权利要求1至7任一项所述的反射面天线，所述方法包括：
    设置射频通道和馈源的对应关系为测试对应关系；
    检测各个射频通道接收的信号的功率；
    根据各个射频通道接收的信号的功率确定射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系，在所述射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系中，所述射频通道对应的馈源位置相邻；
    设置射频通道和馈源的对应关系为对准对应关系；
    所述射频通道通过所述对准对应关系对应的馈源发射信号或者接收信号。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，在所述测试对应关系中，所述射频通道对应的馈源位于馈源阵列的边缘。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，在所述测试对应关系中，所述射频通道对应的馈源围绕馈源阵列的中心均匀分布。
  13. 根据权利要求10至12任一项所述的方法，根据各个射频通道接收 的信号的功率确定射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系具体包括：
    根据各个射频通道接收的信号的功率确定来波方向；
    根据来波方向确定射频通道和所述馈源的对准对应关系。
  14. 根据权利要求10至13任一项所述的方法，所述射频通道通过所述对准对应关系对应的馈源发射信号或者接收信号之前还包括：
    调节接收射频通道的移相器，优化所述合路器合路之后的接收信号的MSE。
  15. 根据权利要求10至14任一项所述的方法，所述射频通道通过所述对准对应关系对应的馈源发射信号或者接收信号之前还包括：
    调节接收射频通道的可调增益放大器，优化所述合路器合路之后的接收信号的MSE。
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