WO2017043791A1

WO2017043791A1 - Flow medium-free updraft-type pyrolysis gasification reactor

Info

Publication number: WO2017043791A1
Application number: PCT/KR2016/009525
Authority: WO
Inventors: 서용교
Original assignee: 주식회사 대원지에스아이
Priority date: 2015-09-10
Filing date: 2016-08-26
Publication date: 2017-03-16
Also published as: KR101655844B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a flow medium-free updraft-type pyrolysis gasification reactor including a novel structure which can achieve more uniform and effective combustion and pyrolysis without ever using a fluid medium such as sand, and thus from which structure simplification and also a significant cost-saving effect can be expected. Among components of an updraft-type pyrolysis gasification reactor (A) using biomass (rice husk, etc.) of the present invention, a reaction gas injection part (30) is formed on a boundary between a reaction gas supply part (10) and a pyrolysis reaction chamber (20) so as to support a combusted material fed into the pyrolysis reaction chamber (20) to be prevented from falling and to simultaneously allow inflow of a reaction gas necessary for the pyrolysis reaction chamber, wherein the reaction gas injection part (30) comprises: a dual cone gas guide unit (200) installed thereon and formed in a manner that a forward cone and a reverse cone are vertically and dually integrated; and a ring-type reaction gas injection inlet (210), formed around the periphery of the dual cone gas guide unit (200), for enabling, when a reaction gas (gas containing about 20% of oxygen in part) is injected into the pyrolysis reaction chamber (20), the reaction gas to be uniformly injected as strong airflow into the entire periphery of the dual cone gas guide unit (200).

Description

Fluid-free Updraft Pyrolysis Gasification Reactor

The present invention provides a more uniform and effective combustion and pyrolysis without using a fluid medium such as sand at all, so that a simple structure and a significant cost savings can be expected. It relates to a type pyrolysis gasification reactor.

In general, the biomass gasification reaction is performed by rapid pyrolysis (conducted by fluidized bed combustion method) in a fluidized bed of agricultural and forestry waste (hereinafter referred to as 'pyrolysis object') such as waste wood, rice hull, sawdust, and livestock waste. It is a multi-purpose facility that obtains fuel such as condensate gas and steam, or generates electricity by using the gas and heat.

And the method of the decomposition system by the biomass gasification reaction described above,

In small devices with less raw materials, the down draft method allows the combustion gas flow to escape from the top to the bottom, thereby increasing the contact time between the high temperature contact time and the unreacted carbon so that carbon dioxide can be reduced to carbon monoxide. ,

In large scale (typically more than 1 MW) units where raw materials are used in large quantities, an up draft that flows naturally from the bottom to the top, allowing large amounts of air to easily pass through the gasifier, allowing for relatively high combustion rates. ) Method,

Fluoride Bubbled Gasification (FBG) may be used to inject and mix low specific gravity materials such as rice hulls and sawdust into a fluid medium such as sand to allow a large amount of combustion.

Patent No. 10-0659497 (Agrichemical Wastewater Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis and Gasification Apparatus and Method), which is already known,

A step of injecting the agricultural wastes into the lean region 10 through the double screw feeder 20 so that the moisture contained in the agricultural wastes is discharged through heat exchange with the generated gas; A mixing step in which the dried agricultural forest waste is dropped into the lower fluidized bed portion 8 and rapidly mixed with the liquid medium, and the heat retained by the liquid medium is transferred to the dried agricultural forest waste; A pyrolysis step in which the agricultural and forestry wastes are decomposed by the transferred heat and the reaction gas injected from the lower portion of the fluidized bed part 8 to discharge the generated gas, the biooil mist, and the like to the upper portion, and the 남 remains; A gasification step of forming a synthesis gas by reacting with the remaining reactant gas injected from the lower portion of the remaining sulfur; The product gas and bio oil mist produced in the pyrolysis step are sequentially passed through the cyclone 11, the multiple heat exchanger 13, and the electric dust collecting system 15, and the bio-oil is collected and the product gas is discharged through gas-liquid separation. A fluidized bed pyrolysis and gasification method of agroforestry wastes is disclosed, which comprises obtaining a biooil, gas, and char in a single process by fluidized bed pyrolysis and gasification of agroforestry wastes.

A hopper 19 containing agricultural wastes; A screw feeder 20 for injecting agricultural wastes at a constant mass rate; A sample injection unit including an injection tube 21 for injecting a gas for preventing backflow of the reaction gas; A gas comprising a reaction gas reservoir (1, 2) in which used gas is stored, an electronic flow meter (3) for controlling the speed of the reaction gas transferred from the gas reservoir, and a preheating tube (4) for heating the gas to the reaction temperature. A preheat injection unit; The reactor gas distributor 5 into which the gas preheated through the preheating tube 4 is injected into the fluidized bed reactor, the fluidized bed part 8 in which the fluid medium is present, and the upper lean area part 10 made up of most of the gas, Fluidized bed pyrolysis and gasification reactor consisting of a bubble-shaped dispersion plate (6) for dispersing the reaction gas, a discharge pipe (7) for discharging the generated steam, and an injection pipe (9) for directly injecting agricultural forest waste into the fluidized bed (8). Wow; A cyclone (11) for separating the generated shock, product gas and oil; A multiple heat exchanger (13) and an electrostatic precipitating system (15) sequentially installed at a rear end thereof for separating oil and product gas supplied from the cyclone; A product gas discharge pipe (17) installed at the rear of the electric dust collecting system and discharging the final product gas; A fine particle collector 12 disposed under the cyclone; An oil collector (14) installed below the multiple heat exchanger (13); Cyclone and gas-liquid separator consisting of the electrostatic precipitating oil collector 16 installed in the lower part of the electrostatic precipitating system (15), including bio-oil, generated gas, furnace at the same time using the pyrolysis and gasification of agricultural wastes Disclosed is a fluidized bed pyrolysis and gasification apparatus for agricultural and forestry waste, which is configured to be converted.

However, the prior art (patent registration No. 10-0659497), when the pyrolysis in the fluidized bed pyrolysis and gasification reactor, the agricultural wastes are located below the fluidized bed (8) and the bubble-shaped dispersion plate having a plurality of holes ( 6), the mixture is mixed with the fluid, and the combustion and pyrolysis is performed by the heat retained by the fluid and the injected reaction gas. There is a problem that loss is inevitable.

In other words, when a fluid medium composed of sand having a high specific gravity and small specific gravity is introduced into the fluidized bed pyrolysis and gasification reactor, the resistance required when injecting the reaction gas for pyrolysis becomes very high, thereby providing an ultra-high pressure large-capacity air injection device. In addition to the installation of (expensive), there are bound to be considerable losses of various facilities and materials themselves required for the input of the fluid.

Accordingly, the present invention focuses on providing a means for the thermal decomposition of a gasification reactor using biomass (rice husk, etc.), including a new injection method of a reaction gas which can be more effectively pyrolyzed without using a fluid medium such as sand. It was completed as the technical problem.

The present invention for achieving the above technical problem is in the boundary between the reaction gas supply unit 10 and the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 of the components of the updraft type pyrolysis gasification reactor (A) using biomass (rice husk, etc.) In the reaction gas injection unit 30, the reaction gas injection unit 30 is configured to allow the inflow of the reaction gas introduced into the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 so as not to fall down while allowing the reaction gas required for the pyrolysis reaction chamber to be allowed. ) Is installed with a double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200 consisting of a double conical up and down conical forward and conical; Around the edge of the double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200, when the reaction gas (gas containing some oxygen of about 20%) is injected into the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 is uniformly injected as a strong airflow in the entire circumference Ring-type reaction gas inlet 210 to enable it is formed.

When the reaction gas injection unit 30 is installed at the boundary between the reaction gas supply unit 10 and the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20, the non-flowing medium updraft type pyrolysis gasification reactor of the present invention has a double cone gas guide unit 200. In the process of passing through the ring-shaped reaction gas inlet 210 narrowly circumferentially around the edge of the conical gas guide unit 200 while providing a diffused air flow upward by the reverse conical shape at the bottom, while passing through a narrow place. Losing strong airflow appears as a type surrounding the entire conical gas guide unit 200, and the strong airflow passing through it is wide depending on the morphological characteristics of the forward cone formed on the upper portion of the conical gas guide unit 200 Significant effects are provided that enable ultra-fast dispersion and uniform delivery of reaction gas into the space. This advantage is a very useful invention, such as simplification of the process as well as the enormous cost savings can be expected because the high efficiency pyrolysis process and gasification can be performed without using a fluid medium, unlike the conventional.

1 is a conceptual diagram showing a preferred pyrolysis gasification reactor of the present invention

2 is an exemplary view showing a preferred pyrolysis gasification reactor of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred pyrolysis gasification reactor of the present invention

Figure 4 is an exemplary view showing an installation state of the gas guide unit of the pyrolysis reaction chamber of the present invention.

5 to 6 is an exemplary view showing an operating embodiment of the gas guide unit of the present invention

7 is an exemplary view showing an application embodiment of the gas guide unit of the present invention

The fluid-free medium updraft type pyrolysis gasification reactor of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

That is, the present invention is a pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 at the boundary between the reaction gas supply unit 10 and the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 among the components of the updraft pyrolysis gasification reactor A using biomass (rice husk, etc.). In the composition of the reaction gas injection unit 30, which allows the input of the combustion target (agricultural waste) not to fall down and the inflow of the reaction gas required in the pyrolysis reaction chamber is allowed,

The reaction gas injection unit 30 is provided with a double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200 is configured in the forward conical and reverse conical form of the upper and lower dual integration;

Around the edge of the double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200, when the reaction gas (gas containing some oxygen of about 20%) is injected into the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 is uniformly injected as a strong airflow in the entire circumference The characteristic gist of the ring-shaped reaction gas inlet 210 is formed to enable it.

And the structure of the updraft type pyrolysis gasification reactor (A) presented above,

A reaction gas supply unit 10 capable of injecting the reaction gas into the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20;

A pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 connected to the upper portion of the reaction gas supply unit 10 with a flange and having a diameter larger than that of the reaction gas supply unit 10 and pyrolyzing by combustion of agricultural wastes added;

It is configured at the boundary between the reaction gas supply unit 10 and the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20, and it is possible to allow the inflow of the reaction gas necessary for the pyrolysis reaction chamber while supporting the burned material introduced into the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 so as not to fall down. Possible reaction gas injection unit 30;

A pyrolysis gas collecting tube body 40 formed in an upper portion of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 and containing a combustion gas generated in a pyrolysis process;

A gas supply pipe 45 coupled to one side of the reaction gas supply unit 10 and supplying a reaction gas delivered from a reaction gas reservoir (not shown) to the reaction gas supply unit;

A hopper 51 and a screw feeder 50 coupled to an outer side of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 and configured to input a predetermined amount of burned matter (agricultural waste);

Heating means 60 such as a burner may be provided on one side of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 or the pyrolysis gas collecting tube 40 to provide a heat source therein;

The cyclone 71 is formed on one side of the upper end portion of the pyrolysis gas collecting tube 40 and the heat exchanger 80 and the gas-liquid separator 90 separating the generated gas from the oil and the cyclone 71 are separated. It consists of a line tube 70 for the subsequent process connection to be installed in a continuous line including various components.

As described above, the reaction gas injection portion 30 of the updraft type pyrolysis gasification reactor A using biomass (rice husk, etc.),

After installing the double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200 consisting of a double conical up and down conical forward and reverse conical,

When the ring-shaped reaction gas inlet 210 is formed around the edge of the double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200,

At the same time, the reaction gas injected into the pyrolysis reaction chamber forms a diffused airflow upward along the reverse cone of the lower portion of the double cone gas guide unit 200,

Due to the ring-shaped reaction gas inlet 210 which is narrow around the edge of the conical gas guide unit 200 and perforated in a ring-like shape, a strong current generated when passing through a narrow place appears in the upper portion of the strong conical gas guide unit 200. Appears as a type that wraps the entire shape,

This air flow is due to the morphological characteristics of the forward conical form (shape narrowed upwards) formed on the top of the conical gas guide unit 200,

It is widely distributed at a super fast speed over a large space of the upper part, which enables more uniform reaction gas delivery.

In this case, when the burned material (agricultural waste) is burned in the pyrolysis reaction chamber, the reactant gas delivered to the dry matter can be delivered more uniformly than before.

It is possible to use a pyrolysis process with higher efficiency even if only the burned material (agricultural waste) is used alone, rather than using a fluidized medium.

When heat dissipation is possible without using a fluidized medium, the resistance to injecting the reaction gas into the pyrolysis chamber is very low.

Unlike the existing, the air injection device used to inject the reaction gas at a constant pressure has a low cost and a small product, so the cost reduction effect is also significant.

In addition, between the outer portion of the double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200 and the inner wall surface of the reaction gas supply unit 10, the two conical gas guide unit is configured as three or more connection pieces 220 arranged at a constant isometric Stabilized fixation to 200 was made possible.

In addition, the inside and the outside of the reaction gas supply unit 10 associated with the connecting piece 220 is required to adjust the height of the dual cone-shaped gas guide unit 200 through which the opening degree of the ring-shaped reaction gas inlet 210 is required. In accordance with the adjustment (narrow or wide adjustment) can be further installed to the injection structure cutting apparatus 300 to enable.

At this time, the injection structure cutting apparatus 300 can be designed in a very diverse structure in consideration of various conditions,

A tapered ring 310 having an inclined jaw 311 is formed on an upper portion of the outer double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200 as shown in the drawing.

The rear portion of the connecting piece 220 for fixing the double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200 is formed with a locking portion 320 extending further outward,

The locking portions 320 protrude outward through a slide groove 321 formed on the outer circumferential surface of the reaction gas supply unit 10.

The outer circumferential surface of the reaction gas supply unit 10 protruding from the locking unit 320 is screwed with the male screw 330 and its male screw to finely adjust the gap between the locking screw 320 and the upper and lower parts in a locked state. Adjusted female screw 340 is configured,

The adjustment female screw 340 can be implemented very simply by designing a structure consisting of the control lever 350.

When the injection structure cutting device 300 is installed, the width of the reaction gas inlet 210 is appropriately adjusted according to the type of burned material (agricultural waste), which is necessary for pyrolysis (chaff, sawdust, etc.) and the size of the particles. This also provides significant benefits that enable the best pyrolysis and gasification processes at all times.

A: reactor 10: supply section

20: reaction chamber 30: reaction gas injection unit

200: gas guide unit 210: inlet

Claims

The burned material introduced into the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 at the boundary between the reaction gas supply unit 10 and the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 among the components of the updraft pyrolysis gasification reactor A using biomass (rice husk, etc.). In the construction of the reactive gas injection unit 30, which allows the inflow of the reactive gas required for the pyrolysis reaction chamber while supporting the (farm forest waste) not to fall down,

The reaction gas injection unit 30 is provided with a double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200 is configured in the forward conical and reverse conical form of the upper and lower dual integration;

Around the edge of the double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200, when the reaction gas (gas containing some oxygen of about 20%) is injected into the pyrolysis reaction chamber 20 is uniformly injected as a strong airflow in the entire circumference The ring-shaped reaction gas inlet 210 to enable it is formed; A fluid-free updraft type pyrolysis gasification reactor, characterized in that.
The method of claim 1,

Between the outer portion of the double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200 and the inner wall surface of the reaction gas supply unit 10,

A fluid-free medium updraft-type pyrolysis gasification reactor, characterized in that three or more connection pieces 220 arranged at a constant isometric angle can be used to fix a double conical gas guide unit 200.
The method of claim 2,

Inside and outside of the reaction gas supply unit 10 associated with the connecting piece 220 for fixing the double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200,

The injection structure cutting apparatus 300 for adjusting the height of the double cone-shaped gas guide unit 200 and thereby adjusting the opening degree of the ring-shaped reaction gas inlet 210 according to necessity (narrow or wide adjustment) is possible. A further fluid-free updraft type pyrolysis gasification reactor, characterized in that it is further installed.