CN106995708A - A kind of biomass charcoal making system and method - Google Patents

A kind of biomass charcoal making system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106995708A
CN106995708A CN201710411208.6A CN201710411208A CN106995708A CN 106995708 A CN106995708 A CN 106995708A CN 201710411208 A CN201710411208 A CN 201710411208A CN 106995708 A CN106995708 A CN 106995708A
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China
Prior art keywords
retort
biomass
air
chuck
separator
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CN201710411208.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈天宇
黄亚继
金保昇
曹健华
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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Priority to CN201710411208.6A priority Critical patent/CN106995708A/en
Publication of CN106995708A publication Critical patent/CN106995708A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B51/00Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by combined direct and indirect heating
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of biomass charcoal making system and method, and the system includes biomass feeding machine, retort, cyclone separator, combustion furnace, air preheater, sack cleaner, air-introduced machine, chimney, air blower, circulating fan, startup combustion chamber;The pyrolysis gas excluded in retort carries out being discharged into combustion furnace from separator after gas solid separation in cyclone separator, and high-temperature flue gas of the pyrolysis gas in combustion furnace after fully burning enters retort chuck, retort is heated;The oxygen that the flue gas part that chuck comes out is back to after retort in flue gas is reacted with biomass, and heat is produced inside retort.The present invention can flexibly control carbonization temperature and reaction rate using inside and outside combined heat mode, and the charcoal quality of generation is high and stably.

Description

A kind of biomass charcoal making system and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of carbonizing method, particularly a kind of biomass charcoal making method.
Background technology
The charcoal being made up of biomass has the features such as smokeless, tasteless, calorific value is high, can directly be applied in soil or conduct The raw material of charcoal base manure is used, one side improved soil, increase fertility, and on the other hand using its degradation resistant property, extension carbon is in soil Sealing up for safekeeping the time in earth, negative effect of the reduction greenhouse effects to Global climate change.In addition, charcoal is a kind of suction well Attached dose, with larger specific surface area, abundant oxygen-content active functional group is contained on its surface, can purify water, in absorption soil Some common environmental contaminants such as heavy metal, agricultural chemicals etc..Because cost is relatively low, it is widely used in chemical industry, metallurgy, environmental protection, agriculture The fields such as industry.Meanwhile, it is to improve rural environment, solve biomass outlet and have by the biomass carbonated charcoal for being prepared into high added value One of efficacious prescriptions method.
Biomass carbonizing furnace is divided into internal heat type and external-heat according to heat-supplying mode:1. internal heat type is to be passed through portion of air, Using biomass itself heat production, heat transfer, thermal convection current, 3 kinds of combinations of heat radiation are used for needed for being provided carbonization device itself Heat.Advantage is not need external energy, and cost is relatively low, simple to operate, and carbonization time is short, and unit volume production charcoal ability is strong. Have the disadvantage that biomass material consumption is larger and temperature is whard to control, charcoal quality is not so good as the charcoal that external-heat is produced;2. external-heat is to adopt With the heat transfer type of heat transfer, heat is transmitted from external heat source to retort.Advantage is that charcoal quality is high, can flexibly control charing temperature Degree and the rate of heat addition.Have the disadvantage to need to consume external energy, investment and operating cost are higher, and fire box temperature is consistently lower than furnace wall temperature Degree, it is impossible to ensure that the raw material of different shape and particle diameter is heated evenly.
Biomass carbonizing furnace is divided into batch (-type) and continous way according to input and output material mode:1. batch (-type) includes tubular type, kiln formula, no Continuous conveying can be realized, production capacity is limited.And carbonization time is longer, temperature is difficult to control, and charcoal quality is difficult to control;2. it is continuous The biomass carbonated equipment of formula can work continuously, and be conducive to industrialization promotion, be the development trend of biomass carbonated equipment.
Substantial amounts of tar and pyrolysis gas can be produced during biomass carbonated in addition, these accessory substances are not if being subject to fully Utilize, not only cause environmental pollution, and also result in the wasting of resources, reduction energy utilization rate.
At present, existing charcoal production system all can at least have one of following point:1. production capacity is small, it is difficult to meet big Large-scale production demand, such as kiln formula stove, autoclave, screw propulsion stove;2. in-furnace temperature is difficult to control to, and charcoal quality is difficult to protect Card, such as vertical-flow stove;3. high to ingredient requirement, application is restricted, such as rotary kiln;4. energy consumption is big, and production cost is high, There is environmental pollution.For problem above,
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention:The invention provides a kind of biomass charcoal making system and method, the system is in biomass charcoal making process It is middle that carburizing temperature and reaction rate flexible modulation are enabled using inside and outside united mode of heating;The present invention produces carbonization process Raw byproduct tar and pyrolysis gas are burnt, and the high-temperature flue gas that burning is produced uses inside and outside combined heat mode for biomass Carbonization process provides heat, realizes continous way input and output material and cascaded utilization of energy.
The content of the invention:The biomass charcoal making system that the present invention is provided include biomass feeding machine, feed bin, retort, chuck, Separator, combustion furnace, air preheater, deduster, air-introduced machine, chimney, air blower, discharging bin, circulating fan, startup combustion chamber.Material Storehouse is connected with biomass feeding machine, and biomass feeding machine is connected with retort charging aperture;Chuck is provided with outside retort;Retort Top pyrolysis gas outlet and separator pyrolysis gas inlet communication;Separator bottom is powdered carbon outlet, powdered carbon outlet and discharging Storehouse is connected, the pyrolysis gas outlet on separator top and the pyrolysis gas inlet communication of burner;The high-temperature flue gas outlet of burner with Jacket high temperature smoke inlet is connected, and air blower helps fuel gas inlet to connect by air preheater and burner;The exhanst gas outlet of chuck Connected respectively with air preheater and circulating fan;Circulating fan and retort internal switching, air preheater pass sequentially through deduster and drawn Blower fan is finally connected with chimney;Start combustion chamber connection retort.
Because temperature is uniform in fluidized-bed reactor heat and mass speed height, bed and is easily controlled, movement-less part is run Reliable and low cost, operating flexibility scope are wide, single device production capacity is big, meet modernization large-scale production needs.Fluidisation Bed reactor is divided into two kinds of bubbling fluidized bed and recirculating fluidized bed.Big is worn and torn to bed in view of recirculating fluidized bed, follow-up industry Promote cost high, add that biomass density is small, volatile content is high, is easier to charcoal processing relative to coal, retort of the present invention is using drum Steep fluid bed
The biomass feeding machine of the present invention uses spiral variable frequency formula biomass feeding machine, beneficial to continuous feed and controls feeding Speed.
The biomass charcoal making System Working Principle that the present invention is provided:Retort is first started into combustor ignition, works as retort When interior temperature rises to certain temperature range, combustion chamber will be started and extinguished, and close corresponding fuel valve and blow valve Door, now, biomass material biomass material being put into feed bin, feed bin enter biomass feeding machine, biomass feeding machine Biomass material is continuously introduced into retort;Biomass material entrainment powdered carbon of the heated generation that reacts in retort Pyrolysis gas is expelled in separator from the pyrolysis gas outlet at the top of retort, and realizes in separator gas solid separation, Powdered carbon is discharged from separator bottom, and pyrolysis gas is expelled in burner from pyrolysis gas outlet at the top of separator;Pyrolysis gas and not by The powdered carbon that cyclone separator is separated fully burns in combustion furnace, and the high-temperature flue gas that burning is produced initially enters retort folder Set, carries out external heat to retort, is pyrolyzed for biomass in retort and provides a part of heat.The flue gas that chuck comes out is divided into Two-way:1. the oxygen being back to all the way by circulating fan in retort, flue gas reacts with biomass, inside retort Heat is released, is biomass carbonated a part of heat of offer;2. enter air preheater all the way, combustion air needed for combustion furnace is carried out Heating.The flue gas that air preheater comes out is sequentially passed through after deduster, air-introduced machine, is emptied by chimney.
Beneficial effect:
(1) present invention is using inside and outside combined heat mode, by adjusting flue-gas temperature and the flow that combustion furnace comes out, control The heat that retort chuck is transmitted to the inside;By adjusting the oxygen content of furnace exit flue gas and entering the circulation cigarette of retort Tolerance, controls retort autoreactivity thermal discharge.This inside and outside combined heat mode can flexible modulation carbonization temperature and reaction speed Rate, can either ensure higher reaction rate, and charcoal quality is ensure that again, obtain higher charcoal yield.
(2) present invention uses bubbling fluidized bed for retort form, and whole cross section reaction is uniform, is not in hot-spot Or surfusion.Biomass strong applicability, can adapt to the granular fuels such as peanut shell, rice husk, corncob, wood substance grain and agriculture Crop material shaped fuel.Separate unit treating capacity is big, is conducive to industrializing large-scale application.
(3) combustible component and tar that retort is produced are passed through combustion furnace, on the one hand realize cascaded utilization of energy, incompetent Amount is wasted, independent of or reduce rely on the external energy to greatest extent, biology is changed into powdered charcoal, operating cost by realization It is low;On the other hand environmental pollution problem is effectively solved.
(4) continous way charging and discharging, are conducive to industrializing large-scale application.
(5) system flow is simple, facilitates controllable, each unit is matured product, runs safety and stability, economy effect Benefit and environmental benefit are obvious.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of biomass charcoal making system of the present invention.
A- cooling waters in terms of material;B- high-temperature flue gas;C- pyrolysis gas;D- charcoals;E- bottom ash;F-, which starts, uses fuel (bavin Oil, natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas);G- circulating flue gas;H- flying dusts.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, its feed bin 2 of the biomass charcoal making system of the present invention is connected with biomass feeding machine 1, biomass feeding Machine is the screw(-type) feeder of variable frequency adjustment, continuously can send into biomass material, and adjustable delivery rate for retort 3;It is raw Material batcher 1 is connected with the charging aperture of retort 3;The high-temperature flue gas in chuck 4, chuck 4 is provided with outside retort 3 in chuck 4 Interior heat release, heats retort 3;The top pyrolysis gas outlet of retort 3 and the pyrolysis gas inlet communication of separator 5;The bottom of separator 5 is Powdered carbon outlet, powdered carbon outlet is connected with discharging bin 12, the pyrolysis gas of the pyrolysis gas outlet and burner 6 at the top of separator 5 Inlet communication;The high-temperature flue gas outlet of burner 6 is connected with the high-temperature flue gas entry of chuck 4, and air blower 11 passes through air preheater 7 and combustion Burner 6 helps fuel gas inlet to connect;The exhanst gas outlet of chuck 4 is connected with air preheater 7 and circulating fan 13 respectively;Circulating fan 13 With the internal switching of retort 13, air preheater 7 passes sequentially through deduster 8 and air-introduced machine 9 and is finally connected with chimney 10;Start combustion chamber Contain starting fluid in 14, retort can be heated, retort is preheated.
In order to which enhanced heat exchange effect is with extending residence time of the high-temperature flue gas in chuck, chuck material uses heat resisting steel Fin and deflector are provided with 0Cr25Ni20, chuck.
The process for carrying out charcoal processing using the biomass charcoal making system in Fig. 1 is as follows:
Biomass species is a lot, now by taking wheat stalk as an example.
(A) the startup ignited fuel in combustion chamber 14 will be started, retort is preheated, when retort central temperature Biomass material wheat stalk is put into feed bin 2, wheat stalk moisture 6.6%, ash content by stabilization at 300-650 DEG C 7.9%th, volatile matter 70.7%, fixed carbon 14.8%;Start biomass feeding machine 1 to send into biomass material in retort 3, this When by start combustion chamber 14 extinguish and close corresponding fuel valve and air-supply valve;
(B) biomass material is heated in retort 3 and reacted, and retort 3 is bubbling fluidized bed, the close phase of retort 3 Area and freeboard temperature control are at about 420 DEG C, tiny structure about -100Pa or so in stove, state wind speed about 3m/s;It is former by biomass The react pyrolysis gas of entrainment powdered carbon of generation of material is discharged into separator 5 at the top of retort 3, and gas is realized in separator Gu separation, powdered carbon is discharged from the powdered carbon outlet of the bottom of separator 5, into discharging bin 12, the charcoal that the bottom of discharging bin 12 is ejected Temperature need to be less than 80 DEG C, prevent charcoal with being burnt after air contact.The powdered carbon that pyrolysis gas and the device 5 that is not separated are decomposed Into combustion furnace 6;
(C) air blower 11 is started, combustion air enters inside combustion furnace 6 by air preheater 7, pyrolysis gas and the device that is not separated 5 powdered carbons decomposed fully burn after entering combustion furnace 6;Temperature control is at 800 DEG C or so in combustion furnace, less than the burning of wheat Junction temperature, the high-temperature flue gas oxygen content that burning is produced is controlled 2% or so;The high-temperature flue gas that combustion furnace 6 comes out enters retort Chuck 4 carries out external heat to retort 3, and flue gas is divided into two-way after the exhanst gas outlet discharge of chuck 4, passes through circulated air all the way The oxygen that machine 13 is back in retort 3, flue gas reacts with biomass material, inside retort 3 release heat there is provided A part of biomass carbonated required heat;Another road enters air preheater 7, and the combustion air needed for combustion furnace 6 is heated;
(D) flue gas discharged from air preheater 7 is sequentially passed through during deduster 8, air-introduced machine 9, chimney 10 be drained into air.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of biomass charcoal making system, including biomass feeding machine (1), feed bin (2), retort (3), chuck (4), separator (5), combustion furnace (6), air preheater (7), chimney (10), air blower (11), discharging bin (12), circulating fan (13) and startup burning Room (14);It is characterized in that:
Feed bin (2) is connected with biomass feeding machine (1), and biomass feeding machine (1) is connected with retort (3) charging aperture;Retort (3) it is outside to be provided with chuck (4);Pyrolysis gas outlet and separator (5) pyrolysis gas inlet communication at the top of retort;Under separator (5) Portion is powdered carbon outlet, and powdered carbon outlet is connected with discharging bin (12), the pyrolysis gas outlet and burner on separator (5) top (6) pyrolysis gas inlet communication;The high-temperature flue gas outlet of burner (6) is connected with chuck (4), and air blower (11) passes through air preheater (7) connected with burner (6);
The exhanst gas outlet of chuck (4) is connected with air preheater (7) and circulating fan (13) respectively;In circulating fan (13) and retort Portion is connected, and air preheater (7) is connected with chimney (10);
Start combustion chamber (14) connection retort (3).
2. a kind of biomass charcoal making system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The air preheater (7) passes sequentially through Deduster (8) and air-introduced machine (9) are finally connected with chimney (10).
3. a kind of biomass charcoal making system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Chuck (4) material uses heat resisting steel Fin and deflector are provided with 0Cr25Ni20, chuck (4).
4. a kind of biomass charcoal making method, comprises the following steps:
(A) the startup ignited fuel in combustion chamber (14) will be started, when retort central temperature is risen in certain limit, Biomass material is put into feed bin (2), starts biomass feeding machine (1) and sends into biomass material in retort (3), now Combustion chamber (14) will be started to extinguish and close corresponding fuel valve and air-supply valve;
(B) biomass material is heated in retort (3) and reacted, the entrainment powdered carbon for the generation that reacted by biomass material Pyrolysis gas be discharged into separator (5) at the top of the retort (3) and realize gas solid separation, charcoal of the powdered carbon from separator (5) bottom Powder outlet is discharged, into discharging bin (12), and the powdered carbon that pyrolysis gas and the device (5) that is not separated are decomposed enters combustion furnace (6);
(C) start air blower (11), it is internal that combustion air enters combustion furnace (6) by air preheater (7), pyrolysis gas and be not separated The powdered carbon that device (5) is decomposed enters combustion furnace (6) fully burning afterwards;The high-temperature flue gas that combustion furnace (6) comes out enters retort Chuck (4) carries out external heat to retort, and flue gas is divided into two-way after the exhanst gas outlet discharge of chuck (4), all the way by following The oxygen that ring blower fan (13) is back in retort (3), flue gas reacts with biomass material, is put inside retort (3) Going out heat, there is provided a part of biomass carbonated required heat;Another road enters air preheater (7), to combustion-supporting needed for combustion furnace Air is heated;
(D) flue gas discharged from air preheater (7) is sequentially passed through during deduster (8), air-introduced machine (9), chimney (10) be drained into air.
5. a kind of biomass charcoal making method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Retort (3) central temperature is controlled At 300~650 DEG C, tiny structure -100Pa or so in stove, state wind speed about 3m/s.
6. a kind of biomass charcoal making method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Discharging bin (12) bottom is ejected The temperature of charcoal is less than 80 DEG C.
7. a kind of biomass charcoal making method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Furnace temperature control 650~ 850 DEG C, but no more than biomass sintering temperature.
CN201710411208.6A 2017-06-02 2017-06-02 A kind of biomass charcoal making system and method Pending CN106995708A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107573959A (en) * 2017-09-26 2018-01-12 清华大学 A kind of device that charcoal is produced using fluid bed
CN109161394A (en) * 2018-10-23 2019-01-08 山西大学 A kind of low energy consumption biomass liquefier
CN109485043A (en) * 2018-11-26 2019-03-19 东南大学 The system and method that biomass two-part prepares active carbon
CN109609137A (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-04-12 张家港市天源机械制造有限公司 Biomass continuous charring furnace
CN113308258A (en) * 2021-06-21 2021-08-27 河南省科学院 Biomass baking pyrolysis system
CN113831923A (en) * 2021-10-13 2021-12-24 浙江宜可欧环保科技有限公司 Method and apparatus for increasing pyrolysis efficiency of pyrolysis furnace
CN113831922A (en) * 2021-09-06 2021-12-24 浙江宜可欧环保科技有限公司 Heating mode adjustable pyrolysis furnace
CN114525149A (en) * 2022-01-11 2022-05-24 钟永康 Method for preparing biological coal
CN114806614A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-07-29 浙江工业大学 Rotary kiln pyrolysis carbonization device and process based on smoke injection recycling

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WO2011054052A1 (en) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Anthroterra Pty Ltd Charcoal manufacturing process and apparatus
CN102517065A (en) * 2012-01-09 2012-06-27 北京林业大学 Self-heating type biomass fast pyrolysis liquefying device
CN105885891A (en) * 2014-12-29 2016-08-24 北京林业大学 Self-heating type biomass fluidization bed rapid pyrolysis process
CN105969415A (en) * 2016-06-22 2016-09-28 张家港市天源机械制造有限公司 Continuous biomass carbon and gas co-production device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011054052A1 (en) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Anthroterra Pty Ltd Charcoal manufacturing process and apparatus
CN102517065A (en) * 2012-01-09 2012-06-27 北京林业大学 Self-heating type biomass fast pyrolysis liquefying device
CN105885891A (en) * 2014-12-29 2016-08-24 北京林业大学 Self-heating type biomass fluidization bed rapid pyrolysis process
CN105969415A (en) * 2016-06-22 2016-09-28 张家港市天源机械制造有限公司 Continuous biomass carbon and gas co-production device

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107573959B (en) * 2017-09-26 2023-12-12 清华大学 Device for producing biochar by using fluidized bed
CN107573959A (en) * 2017-09-26 2018-01-12 清华大学 A kind of device that charcoal is produced using fluid bed
CN109161394A (en) * 2018-10-23 2019-01-08 山西大学 A kind of low energy consumption biomass liquefier
CN109485043A (en) * 2018-11-26 2019-03-19 东南大学 The system and method that biomass two-part prepares active carbon
CN109609137A (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-04-12 张家港市天源机械制造有限公司 Biomass continuous charring furnace
CN109609137B (en) * 2018-12-04 2024-04-19 张家港市天源机械制造有限公司 Continuous biomass carbonization furnace
CN113308258A (en) * 2021-06-21 2021-08-27 河南省科学院 Biomass baking pyrolysis system
CN113831922A (en) * 2021-09-06 2021-12-24 浙江宜可欧环保科技有限公司 Heating mode adjustable pyrolysis furnace
CN113831922B (en) * 2021-09-06 2024-04-16 浙江宜可欧环保科技有限公司 Heating mode adjustable pyrolysis furnace
CN113831923A (en) * 2021-10-13 2021-12-24 浙江宜可欧环保科技有限公司 Method and apparatus for increasing pyrolysis efficiency of pyrolysis furnace
CN114525149A (en) * 2022-01-11 2022-05-24 钟永康 Method for preparing biological coal
CN114806614A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-07-29 浙江工业大学 Rotary kiln pyrolysis carbonization device and process based on smoke injection recycling
CN114806614B (en) * 2022-04-08 2024-01-16 浙江工业大学 Rotary kiln pyrolysis carbonization device and process based on smoke injection recycling

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