WO2017035874A1 - 一种血液辐照仪 - Google Patents

一种血液辐照仪 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017035874A1
WO2017035874A1 PCT/CN2015/089864 CN2015089864W WO2017035874A1 WO 2017035874 A1 WO2017035874 A1 WO 2017035874A1 CN 2015089864 W CN2015089864 W CN 2015089864W WO 2017035874 A1 WO2017035874 A1 WO 2017035874A1
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blood
containers
ray source
ray
irradiator
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PCT/CN2015/089864
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English (en)
French (fr)
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代秋声
徐如祥
杨磊
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江苏摩科特医疗科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2017035874A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017035874A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/08—Radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/02—Blood transfusion apparatus
    • A61M1/0281—Apparatus for treatment of blood or blood constituents prior to transfusion, e.g. washing, filtering or thawing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a blood irradiation apparatus of a single X-ray source.
  • Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease is a patient with immunodeficiency or immunosuppression. It cannot clear the immunologically active lymphocytes in the blood, so that it can be engrafted and proliferated in the body, and the patient's tissues and organs are recognized as non- A deadly transfusion complication of substance and as a target for immune attack and destruction.
  • the clinical manifestations of TA-GVHD lack specificity and are easily missed and misdiagnosed.
  • the number of receptor-inducing lymphocytes that cause TA-GVHD should be greater than 10 7 /kg, and if less than 10 5 / kg, it will not cause TA-GVHD.
  • lymphocytes are sensitive to radiation, and the immune-active lymphocytes can be inactivated by appropriate doses of radiation, and the proliferative ability is lost. It has little effect on the function of red blood cells and platelets and the activity of blood coagulation factors.
  • the application rate in developed countries has reached 30% to 40%.
  • a blood irradiator is a medical device that uses radiation to irradiate blood or products, inactivates lymphocytes, and prevents TA-GVHD disease (transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease) in blood transfusion activities.
  • TA-GVHD disease transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
  • blood irradiators can be divided into two categories, one is the use of gamma rays generated by radioactive sources (mainly Cs-137) to irradiate blood or products; the other is X-ray irradiation using X-ray tubes Blood or product.
  • radioactive blood irradiator equipment needs to assemble hundreds to thousands of Curie isotope sources, which poses a potential risk of nuclear leakage.
  • X-ray type blood irradiator does not The risk of nuclear leakage, no radiation generated by the device being powered off.
  • the X-ray source blood irradiator has the disadvantages of low X-ray energy and uneven single-source irradiation, and it is difficult to meet the requirements for uniformity of radiation in the blood irradiator standard (national standard requires non-uniform irradiation of blood irradiator) Sex ⁇ 20%).
  • the X-ray energy generated by a common X-ray source is generally below 200 keV, and it is easily absorbed by the shallow blood in the process of illuminating blood or products, so that the number of X-rays reaching deep is rapidly reduced.
  • the isotope radioactive sources assembled by the radioactive blood irradiator are generally Cs-137 and Co-60, and the gamma photon energies emitted by them are 662 keV, 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV, respectively.
  • the energy of these gamma photons is much higher than that of X-photons, and its linear attenuation coefficient in blood or products is much smaller than that of X-photons, so the uniformity of irradiation of a single source is much better than that of X-rays, as shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 2 shows.
  • the dual X-ray scheme solves the problem of uniformity of irradiation of a single X source
  • this scheme requires two sets of X-ray source systems, which doubles the cost of the system.
  • a new single-source X-ray blood irradiator design is proposed in the Chinese patent application No. CN201410550120.9.
  • the solution utilizes the positional movement of the cavity in the rotation of the turntable, so that the upper and lower surfaces of the blood bag are alternately illuminated. As shown in Fig. 5, for example, at the position of 1, the X-ray is incident from below the blood bag, and to the position of 3, it becomes incident from above the blood bag.
  • the irradiation effect is equivalent to the dual source scheme, but the irradiation time is forced to be multiplied.
  • the present invention provides a blood irradiator to effectively solve the problems of the prior art.
  • a blood irradiator comprising an X-ray source, a plurality of containers for placing blood or articles, and a drive for driving each of the containers to rotate independently, the plurality of containers being spaced apart around the X-ray source, And each of the containers faces the X-ray source.
  • the blood irradiator independently drives the container for loading blood or articles around the X-ray source to independently rotate, which can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of X-rays emitted by the X-ray source.
  • the uniformity of irradiation of blood or products can be sufficiently improved by alternately changing the front and back sides of the respective containers toward the X-ray source.
  • each container by controlling the alternating front and back sides of each container to receive X-ray irradiation, under the condition of ensuring uniformity of irradiation, the time of single irradiation can be shortened, and the energy consumption of single irradiation can be reduced (X-ray tube The energy consumption of the work and the heat dissipation of the cooling system) ultimately reduce the operating costs of the equipment.
  • the driver drives each of the containers to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.
  • each of the containers includes an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer and the outer layer together constituting a distance between each other and allowing only one bag of blood or The interlayer of the product.
  • the thickness of the blood or article can be controlled by controlling the distance between the inner and outer layers of the container, reducing the non-uniformity of the radiation dose on the inner and outer layers.
  • the surface normal of each of the containers and the X-ray source The angle of the axis of the middle X-ray tube is 0 to 90 degrees.
  • the driver is a rotating electrical machine that drives each of the containers to rotate independently by a transmission mechanism
  • the transmission mechanism includes a driving pulley, a timing belt, and a driven pulley.
  • a driving gear and a plurality of driven gears the driving pulley is sleeved on a main shaft of the rotating electrical machine, and the belt transmission is realized by the timing belt and the driven pulley, the driven pulley and
  • the driving gear is fixedly disposed on the same rotating shaft, and the plurality of driven gears and the plurality of containers are connected in a one-to-one correspondence by a universal joint, and both mesh with the driving gear, the driving gear and each The driven gears are all fixed-axis rotation.
  • the plurality of driven gears are spaced apart around the driving gear.
  • one end of the universal joint is connected to a corresponding rotating shaft of the driven gear, and the other end is connected to a corresponding rotating shaft of the container, and the rotating shaft of the driven gear and the corresponding There is an angle between the rotating shafts of the containers.
  • a carrier plate is further included, and the spindle of the driver is disposed on the carrier plate by a bearing.
  • a hollow fixed shaft fixedly disposed on the carrier plate is further disposed, and the hollow fixed shaft is fixed to the X-ray tube of the X-ray source away from one end of the carrier plate.
  • the rotating shaft of the driven pulley is rotatably sleeved on the hollow fixed shaft through a bearing.
  • a high voltage power supply for supplying power to the X-ray source and the driver and a heat sink for dissipating heat from the blood irradiator are further included.
  • a dose monitoring device for monitoring the radiation dose of blood or article is also included.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art single X-ray source irradiated blood product
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing energy deposition curves of different energy X-rays at different blood depths when a single X-ray source irradiates a blood product;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a prior art double X-ray source irradiating a blood product
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing energy deposition curves of different energy X-rays at different blood depths when a prior art double X-ray source irradiates a blood product;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the prior art utilizing the positional movement of the cavity in the rotation of the turntable to realize alternating irradiation of the upper and lower surfaces of the blood bag;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic overall view of a blood irradiation apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic view of a region VII-VII of the blood irradiator shown in Figure 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the blood irradiator of Fig. 6 for alternately changing the front and back sides of each container toward the X-ray source.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a blood irradiator comprising an X-ray source 10, a plurality of containers 20 for placing blood or articles, and driving each of the above.
  • the container 20 rotates independently of the drive 30, the plurality of containers 20 being spaced around the X-ray source 10, and each of the containers 20 facing the X-ray source.
  • the X-ray source 10 has an X-ray tube that emits X-rays.
  • each of the containers 20 includes an inner layer 21 and an outer layer 23, and the inner layer 21 and the outer layer 23 are disposed opposite to each other to form an adjustable distance between each other and only allow placement.
  • a bag of blood or a sandwich of products Thereby, the thickness of the blood or the article can be controlled by controlling the distance between the inner layer 21 and the outer layer 23 of the container 20, and the non-uniformity of the radiation dose on the surfaces of the inner layer 21 and the outer layer 23 can be reduced.
  • the angle between the surface normal of each of the containers 20 and the axis of the X-ray tube in the X-ray source 10 is 0 to 90 degrees.
  • the surface of the container 20 that receives the X-ray irradiation can be directed toward the X-ray source 10, and the area in which the container 20 receives the X-ray irradiation can be adjusted.
  • the driver 30 drives each of the containers 20 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.
  • the driver 30 is a rotary electric machine that drives each of the containers 20 to rotate independently by a transmission mechanism 40.
  • the transmission mechanism 40 includes a driving pulley 41, a timing belt 42, and a driven pulley 43. a driving gear 44 and a plurality of driven gears 45, the driving pulley 41 is sleeved on the main shaft 31 of the rotating electrical machine, and the belt is driven by the synchronous belt 42 and the driven pulley 43.
  • the driven pulley 43 and the driving gear 44 are fixedly disposed on the same rotating shaft 46.
  • the plurality of driven gears 45 and the plurality of containers 20 are connected in a one-to-one correspondence by a universal joint 50, and the uniforms are The drive gear 44 meshes.
  • the driving pulley 41 When the driver 30 is in operation, the driving pulley 41 is rotated by the main shaft 31; the driving pulley 41 drives the driven pulley 43 to rotate by the timing belt 42 and realizes belt transmission;
  • the driving gear 44 and the driven pulley 43 are fixedly disposed on the rotating shaft 46, and therefore, the slave The rotation of the moving pulley 43 will drive the driving gear 44 to rotate; the driving gear 44 further drives the plurality of driven gears 45 meshing therewith; each of the driven gears 45 passes through the universal joint 50 Power is transmitted to the corresponding container 20, and finally each of the containers 20 is independently rotated.
  • the power transmission is realized by the belt drive between the driver 30 and the driving gear 44.
  • the driver 30 and the driving gear 44 are also Power transmission can be achieved by means of chain drive or gear transmission.
  • the chain drive is employed, the primary pulley 41 and the driven pulley 43 are replaced with sprocket, and the timing belt 42 is replaced with a chain.
  • the gear transmission is used, the driving pulley 41 is replaced with the driving gear and meshed with the driving gear 44.
  • the transmission between the driving gear and the driving gear 44 can also be realized by the intermediate gear. As long as the driver 30 can effectively drive each of the containers 20 to rotate independently.
  • the driving gear 44 and each of the driven gears 45 are fixed-axis rotation, that is, the driving gear 44 and the rotating shaft of each of the driven gears 45 are fixed.
  • the plurality of driven gears 45 are circumferentially disposed around the driving gear 44.
  • the plurality of driven gears 45 are disposed on the side of a trapezoidal table 60 through their rotating shafts, and the center of the trapezoidal table 60 is coaxial with the axis of the X-ray source. It can be understood that the number of the driven gears 45 can be set according to actual needs, such as five, six or other quantities.
  • one end of the universal joint 50 is connected to the corresponding rotating shaft of the driven gear 45, the other end is connected to the corresponding rotating shaft of the container 20, the rotating shaft of the driven gear 45 and the corresponding There is an angle between the axes of rotation of the container 20.
  • the blood irradiator further includes a carrier plate 70, and the main shaft 31 of the driver 30 is disposed on the carrier plate 70 through a bearing 33.
  • the blood irradiator further includes a hollow fixed shaft 80 fixedly disposed on the carrier plate 70, and the hollow fixed shaft 80 is fixed away from the end of the carrier plate 70 to fix the X-ray of the X-ray source 10. tube.
  • the rotating shaft of the driven pulley 43 ie, the rotating shaft of the driving gear 44
  • a bearing (not shown) is rotatably sleeved over the hollow stationary shaft 80.
  • the blood irradiator further comprises a high-voltage power source 90 for supplying electrical energy to the X-ray source 10 and the driver 30, a heat sink 92 for dissipating heat to the blood irradiator, monitoring blood or products.
  • Irradiation dose dose monitoring device 94 and control system 96 are disposed beside the container 20.
  • the control system 96 is configured to control the high voltage power source 90, the heat sink 92, and the dose monitoring device 94.
  • the basic working procedure of the blood irradiator is as follows: blood or articles are placed in the interlayer of each container 20, and each container 20 has a side facing the X-ray source 10, and the X-ray source 10 starts to operate, and is normally exposed. After a period of irradiation, each of the containers 20 is rotated by 180 degrees by the universal joint under the driving action of the actuator 30, and the other side faces the X-ray source 10. It then alternates until the radiation dose value monitored by the dose monitoring device 94 reaches a predetermined value, the X-ray source 10 is turned off, and the irradiation is over.
  • the blood bag is alternately facing the X-ray source 10 under the action of the container 20.
  • the A side of each container 20 faces the X-ray source 10; the second minute, the B of each container 20 The face faces the X-ray source 10; at the 3rd minute, the A face is directed toward the X-ray source 10..., alternating in cycles, thereby making the irradiation of the blood or product more uniform.
  • the blood irradiator independently drives the container 20 for loading blood or articles around the X-ray source 10 by the driver 30 to independently rotate, which can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of the X-rays emitted by the X-ray source 10.
  • the uniformity of irradiation of blood or products can be sufficiently improved.
  • each container 20 controls the alternating front and back sides of each container 20 to receive X-ray irradiation, under the condition of ensuring uniformity of irradiation, the time of single irradiation can be shortened, and the energy consumption of single irradiation can be reduced (X-ray tube) The energy consumption of the work and the heat dissipation of the cooling system) ultimately reduce the operating costs of the equipment.

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Abstract

一种血液辐照仪，其包括一个X射线源(10)、多个用于放置血液或制品的容器(20)及驱动每一个所述容器(20)独立旋转的驱动器(30)，所述多个容器(20)环绕所述X射线源(10)间隔设置，且每一个所述容器(20)均面向所述X射线源(10)。所述血液辐照仪通过驱动器(30)驱动环绕X射线源(10)的每一个装载血液或制品的容器(20)独立旋转，可以有效地提高X射线源(10)发射的X射线的利用效率。同时，通过各个容器(20)的正反面交替变换朝向X射线源(10)，可以充分提高血液或制品辐照的均匀性。此外，通过控制每一个容器(20)正反面交替变换接受X射线辐照，在保证辐照均匀性的条件下，可以缩短单次辐照的时间，降低了单次辐照的能耗(X射线管的工作能耗和散热系统的散热能耗)，从而最终降低了设备的运营成本。

Description

一种血液辐照仪 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，尤其涉及一种单X射线源的血液辐照仪。
背景技术
输血相关性移植物抗宿主病(TA-GVHD)是免疫缺损或免疫抑制的患者不能清除输入血液中具有免疫活性的淋巴细胞，使其在体内植活、增殖，将患者的组织器官识别为非己物质，并作为靶目标进行免疫攻击、破坏的一种致命性输血并发症。TA-GVHD临床表现缺乏特异性，极易漏诊和误诊。
有研究表明引起TA-GVHD的受体输入淋巴细胞数量应大于107/kg，如若低于105/kg则不会引起TA-GVHD。但有报道对免疫缺陷的儿童仅104/kg淋巴细胞即引发TA-GVHD。总之输入供体的淋巴细胞数量越多其病情越严重,死亡率也就越高。
目前认为输血前对血制品进行照射，是预防TA-GVHD惟一有效的方法。其机制是：淋巴细胞对射线敏感，通过适当剂量的射线照射，可使免疫活性淋巴细胞灭活，丧失增殖能力。而对红细胞、血小板的功能及凝血因子活性影响不大。现在发达国家应用率已达30％～40％。
血液辐照仪就是一种使用射线照射血液或制品，对淋巴细胞进行灭活，预防输血活动中TA-GVHD疾病(输血相关性移植物抗宿主病)的医疗设备。
从射线源分，血液辐照仪可以分为两类，一类是采用放射源(主要是Cs-137)产生的γ射线照射血液或制品；另一类是采用X光管产生的X射线照射血液或制品。其中，放射源型血液辐照仪设备需要装配几百到上千居里的同位素放射源，这存在着潜在的核泄漏风险。而X光源型血液辐照仪则没有 核泄漏的风险，设备断电就没有任何射线产生。
不过，X光源型血液辐照仪存在X射线能量低、单源辐照不均匀的缺点，难于满足血液辐照仪标准中对辐射均匀性的要求(国标要求血液辐照仪辐照的非均匀性<20％)。普通X光源产生的X光子能量一般在200keV以下，它在照射血液或制品过程中，很容易被浅层的血液大量吸收，使得到达深处的X光子数量迅速减少。而放射源型血液辐照仪装配的同位素放射源一般是Cs-137和Co-60，它们放出的γ光子能量分别是662keV、1.17MeV和1.33MeV。这些γ光子的能量远远高于X光子的能量，其在血液或制品中的线性衰减系数要远小于X光子，所以其单源的辐照均匀性要远远优于X光源，如图1和图2所示。
为了克服单源辐照的缺点，业界提出了双源辐照的方案，通过在血液或制品上下两个方向各放置一个X光源，能够显著提高辐照的均匀性，如图3和图4所示。
虽然双X光源方案解决了单X光源辐照的均匀性问题，但是这种方案需要两套X射线源系统，使得系统的成本成倍增加。为了降低系统成本，同时保证X射线辐照的均匀性，一种新的单源X射线血液辐照仪设计方案在申请号为CN201410550120.9的中国专利申请中被提了出来。该方案利用腔体在转盘旋转中的位置移动，实现了血袋的上下表面被交替照射。如图5所示，比如在1的位置，X射线是从血袋下方入射，转到3的位置，就变成了从血袋上方入射。这样，与双源方案的辐照效果等效，但是辐照时间被迫成倍延长。
可知，虽然CN201410550120中的方案使得整机只需要一套X射线源系统即可，降低了血液辐照仪的成本，但是该方案的X射线利用率依然较低，且辐照时间成倍增加，将会导致X射线血液辐照仪的运营成本增加。
我们知道，在X射线管中，高能电子轰击阳极产生X射线的过程中，99％以上的能量将转化成热量，这些热量不但对辐照没有任何贡献，而且还需要冷 却系统将其从阳极带出，否则X射线管会损害。在CN201410550120的方案中，血液或制品从1经过2到达3的过程中，由于空间的限制，血液或制品不可能紧密排列成一个圆环，许多X射线从血液或制品的上、下方逃逸，这使得X射线的利用率明显偏低，进而直接影响到了血液辐照仪的用电量、照射时间和照射效率。
发明内容
基于此，本发明提供一种血液辐照仪，以有效解决现有技术存在的问题。
一种血液辐照仪，其包括一个X射线源、多个用于放置血液或制品的容器及驱动每一个所述容器独立旋转的驱动器，所述多个容器环绕所述X射线源间隔设置，且每一个所述容器均面向所述X射线源。
相对于现有技术，所述血液辐照仪通过驱动器驱动环绕X射线源的每一个装载血液或制品的容器独立旋转，可以有效地提高X射线源发射的X射线的利用效率。同时，通过各个容器的正反面交替变换朝向X射线源，可以充分提高血液或制品辐照的均匀性。此外，通过控制每一个容器正反面交替变换接受X射线辐照，在保证辐照均匀性的条件下，可以缩短单次辐照的时间，降低了单次辐照的能耗(X射线管的工作能耗和散热系统的散热能耗)，从而最终降低了设备的运营成本。
本发明一较佳实施方式中，所述驱动器驱动每一个所述容器顺时针或逆时针旋转。
本发明一较佳实施方式中，每一个所述容器均包括内层和外层，所述内层和所述外层共同构成可调节相互之间的距离的、且只允许放置一袋血液或制品的夹层。由此，可以通过控制所述容器的内层和外层之间的距离，控制血液或制品的厚度，降低内层和外层表面辐射剂量的非均匀性。
本发明一较佳实施方式中，每一个所述容器的表面法线和所述X射线源 中X射线管的轴线的夹角均为0～90度。
本发明一较佳实施方式中，所述驱动器为旋转电机，其通过一个传动机构驱动每一个所述容器独立旋转，所述传动机构包括一个主动带轮、一条同步带、一个从动带轮、一个主动齿轮和多个从动齿轮，所述主动带轮套设于所述旋转电机的主轴，并通过所述同步带和所述从动带轮配合实现带传动，所述从动带轮和所述主动齿轮固定设置于同一转轴，所述多个从动齿轮和所述多个容器一一对应地通过万向节连接，且均和所述主动齿轮相啮合，所述主动齿轮和每一个所述从动齿轮均为定轴转动。
本发明一较佳实施方式中，所述多个从动齿轮环绕所述主动齿轮间隔设置。
本发明一较佳实施方式中，所述万向节的一端连接对应的所述从动齿轮的转轴，另一端连接对应的所述容器的转轴，所述从动齿轮的转轴和对应的所述容器的转轴之间具有一夹角。
本发明一较佳实施方式中，还包括一个承载板，所述驱动器的主轴通过一个轴承设置于所述承载板。
本发明一较佳实施方式中，还包括一个固定设置于所述承载板的空心固定轴，所述空心固定轴远离所述承载板的一端固定所述X射线源的X射线管。
本发明一较佳实施方式中，所述从动带轮的转轴通过一个轴承可旋转地套设于所述空心固定轴。
本发明一较佳实施方式中，还包括为所述X射线源及所述驱动器提供电能的高压电源及为所述血液辐照仪进行散热的散热装置。
本发明一较佳实施方式中，还包括监测血液或制品的辐照剂量的剂量监测装置。
附图说明
图1为现有技术单X光源辐照血液制品的示意图；
图2为现有技术单X光源辐照血液制品时不同能量X射线在不同血液深度的能量沉积曲线图；
图3为现有技术双X光源辐照血液制品时的示意图；
图4为现有技术双X光源辐照血液制品时不同能量X射线在不同血液深度的能量沉积曲线图；
图5为现有技术利用腔体在转盘旋转中的位置移动来实现血袋的上下表面被交替照射的示意图；
图6为本发明一较佳实施例提供的血液辐照仪的整体示意图；
图7为图6所示血液辐照仪中区域VII-VII的放大示意图；
图8为图6所示血液辐照仪实现各个容器正反面交替变换朝向X射线源的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将参照相关附图对本发明进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本发明的较佳实施方式。以上仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用 的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
请一并参阅图6和图7，本发明一较佳实施例提供一种血液辐照仪，其包括一个X射线源10、多个用于放置血液或制品的容器20及驱动每一个所述容器20独立旋转的驱动器30，所述多个容器20环绕所述X射线源10间隔设置，且每一个所述容器20均面向所述X射线源。
可以理解的是，所述X射线源10具有发射X射线的X射线管。
本实施例中，每一个所述容器20均包括内层21和外层23，所述内层21和所述外层23相对设置，共同构成可调节相互之间的距离的、且只允许放置一袋血液或制品的夹层。由此，可以通过控制所述容器20的内层21和外层23之间的距离，控制血液或制品的厚度，降低内层21和外层23表面辐射剂量的非均匀性。
优选地，每一个所述容器20的表面法线和所述X射线源10中X射线管的轴线的夹角均为0～90度。由此，可以使所述容器20接受X射线辐照的表面朝向所述X射线源10，并可调节所述容器20接受X射线辐照的面积。
本实施例中，所述驱动器30驱动每一个所述容器20顺时针或逆时针旋转。具体地，所述驱动器30为旋转电机，其通过一个传动机构40驱动每一个所述容器20独立旋转，所述传动机构40包括一个主动带轮41、一条同步带42、一个从动带轮43、一个主动齿轮44和多个从动齿轮45，所述主动带轮41套设于所述旋转电机的主轴31，并通过所述同步带42和所述从动带轮43配合实现带传动，所述从动带轮43和所述主动齿轮44固定设置于同一转轴46，所述多个从动齿轮45和所述多个容器20一一对应地通过万向节50连接，且均和所述主动齿轮44相啮合。
所述驱动器30工作时，通过其主轴31带动所述主动带轮41转动；所述主动带轮41通过所述同步带42带动所述从动带轮43转动，并实现带传动；由于所述主动齿轮44和所述从动带轮43固定设置于转轴46，因此，所述从 动带轮43的转动将带动所述主动齿轮44转动；所述主动齿轮44进一步带动与其啮合的所述多个从动齿轮45转动；每一所述从动齿轮45通过所述万向节50将动力传动至对应的所述容器20，并最终实现每一个所述容器20独立旋转。
本实施例中，所述驱动器30和所述主动齿轮44之间通过带传动的方式实现动力传递，可以理解的是，并不局限于此，所述驱动器30和所述主动齿轮44之间也可以通过链传动的方式或齿轮传动的方式实现动力传递。具体地，采用链传动时，相应地将主动带轮41和从动带轮43替换为链轮，并将所述同步带42替换为链条即可。而采用齿轮传动时，将主动带轮41替换为驱动齿轮并使其和所述主动齿轮44啮合即可，当然，驱动齿轮和所述主动齿轮44之间也可以通过中间齿轮实现动力传递。只要所述驱动器30能有效驱动每一个所述容器20独立旋转即可。
本实施例中，所述主动齿轮44和每一个所述从动齿轮45均为定轴转动，即所述主动齿轮44和每一个所述从动齿轮45的转轴均固定不动。
优选地，所述多个从动齿轮45环绕所述主动齿轮44间隔设置。具体地，所述多个从动齿轮45通过其转轴设置于一个梯形台60的侧面，所述梯形台60的中心和所述X射线源的轴线同轴。可以理解的是，所述从动齿轮45的数量可以根据实际需要进行设置，如五个、六个或其他数量均可。
本实施例中，所述万向节50的一端连接对应的所述从动齿轮45的转轴，另一端连接对应的所述容器20的转轴，所述从动齿轮45的转轴和对应的所述容器20的转轴之间具有一夹角。
本实施例中，所述血液辐照仪还包括一个承载板70，所述驱动器30的主轴31通过一个轴承33设置于所述承载板70。
进一步地，所述血液辐照仪还包括一个固定设置于所述承载板70的空心固定轴80，所述空心固定轴80远离所述承载板70的一端固定所述X射线源10的X射线管。所述从动带轮43的转轴(即所述主动齿轮44的转轴)通过 一个轴承(图未标示)可旋转地套设于所述空心固定轴80。由此，可以有效的实现所述驱动器30和所述传动机构40的动力传递。
可以理解的是，所述血液辐照仪还包括为所述X射线源10及所述驱动器30提供电能的高压电源90、为所述血液辐照仪进行散热的散热装置92、监测血液或制品的辐照剂量的剂量监测装置94及控制系统96。本实施例中，所述剂量监测装置94设置于所述容器20的旁边。所述控制系统96用于控制所述高压电源90、所述散热装置92及所述剂量监测装置94。
所述血液辐照仪的基本工作过程如下：血液或制品放置在各个容器20的夹层内，各个容器20均有一面朝向X射线源10，X射线源10开始工作，正常曝光。照射一段时间后，各个容器20在驱动器30的驱动作用下，通过万向节旋转180度，使另外一面朝向X射线源10。然后交替进行，直到剂量监测装置94监测的辐射剂量值达到预定值，X射线源10关闭，辐照结束。
请参阅图8，血袋在容器20的作用下，正反面能够交替面向X射线源10，比如第1分钟，各个容器20的A面朝向X射线源10；第2分钟，各个容器20的B面朝向X射线源10；第3分钟，又是A面朝向X射线源10……，循环交替，由此将使得血液或制品受到的辐照能够更加均匀。
相对于现有技术，所述血液辐照仪通过驱动器30驱动环绕X射线源10的每一个装载血液或制品的容器20独立旋转，可以有效地提高X射线源10发射的X射线的利用效率。同时，通过各个容器20的正反面交替变换朝向X射线源10，可以充分提高血液或制品辐照的均匀性。此外，通过控制每一个容器20正反面交替变换接受X射线辐照，在保证辐照均匀性的条件下，可以缩短单次辐照的时间，降低了单次辐照的能耗(X射线管的工作能耗和散热系统的散热能耗)，从而最终降低了设备的运营成本。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本 领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种血液辐照仪，其特征在于，包括一个X射线源、多个用于放置血液或制品的容器及驱动每一个所述容器独立旋转的驱动器，所述多个容器环绕所述X射线源间隔设置，且每一个所述容器均面向所述X射线源。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的血液辐照仪，其特征在于，所述驱动器驱动每一个所述容器顺时针或逆时针旋转。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的血液辐照仪，其特征在于，每一个所述容器均包括内层和外层，所述内层和所述外层共同构成可调节相互之间的距离的、且只允许放置一袋血液或制品的夹层。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的血液辐照仪，其特征在于，每一个所述容器的表面法线和所述X射线源中X射线管的轴线的夹角均为0～90度。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的血液辐照仪，其特征在于，所述驱动器为旋转电机，其通过一个传动机构驱动每一个所述容器独立旋转，所述传动机构包括一个主动带轮、一条同步带、一个从动带轮、一个主动齿轮和多个从动齿轮，所述主动带轮套设于所述旋转电机的主轴，并通过所述同步带和所述从动带轮配合实现带传动，所述从动带轮和所述主动齿轮固定设置于同一转轴，所述多个从动齿轮和所述多个容器一一对应地通过万向节连接，且均和所述主动齿轮相啮合，所述主动齿轮和每一个所述从动齿轮均为定轴转动。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的血液辐照仪，其特征在于，所述多个从动齿轮环绕所述主动齿轮间隔设置。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的血液辐照仪，其特征在于，所述万向节的一端连接对应的所述从动齿轮的转轴，另一端连接对应的所述容器的转轴，所述从动齿轮的转轴和对应的所述容器的转轴之间具有一夹角。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的血液辐照仪，其特征在于，还包括一个承载板，所述驱动器的主轴通过一个轴承设置于所述承载板。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的血液辐照仪，其特征在于，还包括一个固定设置于所述承载板的空心固定轴，所述空心固定轴远离所述承载板的一端固定所述X 射线源的X射线管。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的血液辐照仪，其特征在于，所述从动带轮的转轴通过一个轴承可旋转地套设于所述空心固定轴。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的血液辐照仪，其特征在于，还包括为所述X射线源及所述驱动器提供电能的高压电源及为所述血液辐照仪进行散热的散热装置。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的血液辐照仪，其特征在于，还包括监测血液或制品的辐照剂量的剂量监测装置。
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