WO2017031721A1 - 预付费电能表 - Google Patents

预付费电能表 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017031721A1
WO2017031721A1 PCT/CN2015/088138 CN2015088138W WO2017031721A1 WO 2017031721 A1 WO2017031721 A1 WO 2017031721A1 CN 2015088138 W CN2015088138 W CN 2015088138W WO 2017031721 A1 WO2017031721 A1 WO 2017031721A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electricity
rate
power
unit
time
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PCT/CN2015/088138
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李志华
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深圳市思达仪表有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2015/088138 priority Critical patent/WO2017031721A1/zh
Publication of WO2017031721A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017031721A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R11/00—Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
    • G01R11/56—Special tariff meters
    • G01R11/57—Multi-rate meters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F15/00—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity
    • G07F15/06—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity with means for prepaying basic charges, e.g. rent for meters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a metering device, in particular to a prepaid electric energy meter.
  • the prepaid electric energy meter In addition to the metering function of the ordinary electric energy meter, the prepaid electric energy meter also has the function of buying and using first, that is, the user first buys electricity, and then can buy electricity after buying electricity, and if the user does not continue to sell electricity after using the electricity, the automatic cutting off is automatically cut off.
  • the power supply stops supplying power.
  • the code-based principle is: the management system combines the user information and the purchase information to generate a set of encrypted codes, and gives them to the user to input into the electricity meter. After the meter is correctly decrypted, the pre-stored power or amount is obtained and saved.
  • the principle of the write card is: the pre-purchased power or amount is written into the dedicated electronic card (memory), and the user is given an electronic card to communicate with the corresponding meter, and the pre-purchased value is automatically sent into the meter.
  • the electronic card or IC card also known as the purchase of the power card, is made by a special IC chip after special packaging, the common purchase card is divided into contact type and non-contact type according to communication mode.
  • IEC62055 is the first international standard for prepaid energy meters issued in 2007.
  • the IEC62055 series of standards specifies the system framework, meter, transmission protocol, medium, and communication protocol of the paid energy meter system.
  • the core content is in IEC62055-41.
  • the standard was formerly NRS 009-6, NRS 009-7.
  • the related products were used in South Africa in the early days and then extended to other countries. After the STS Association's efforts, the standard was adopted by the IEC and officially released in 2007. It is currently compliant with IEC62055. Standard electric energy meters are widely used in Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia, and are gradually expanding.
  • the IEC62055-41 standard name is "Electricity metering-Payment systems-Part 41: Standard transfer specification (STS)-Application layer protocol for one-way token carrier systems", the current version is 2007-05 release version, the content is mainly derived from NRS 009 -6-6, NRS 009-6-7, NRS 009-7, specifies the application layer of the payment system, including data classification and definition, encryption and decryption algorithm, encryption and decryption process, key classification and key update, data analysis process , error message code, etc.
  • STS Standard transfer specification
  • IEC62055-41 realizes encrypting the preset power into 20 numeric characters. After receiving the 20 numeric characters, the energy meter decrypts the actual power.
  • the main method of receiving 20 digital characters in the electric energy meter is to use the numeric keypad on the front of the electric energy meter, and the user inputs the key by means of a button.
  • the IEC62055 standard is maintained by the STS Association, and some users also refer to the IEC62055 watt-hour meter as the STS specification meter.
  • the rate management of the current STS specification energy meter is mainly completed in the main station management system.
  • the main station management system classifies the users according to the type of electricity use, and uses the TI (Tariff Index) logo to use different fees according to TI when selling electricity. Rate to calculate electricity bills.
  • This charging method is no problem for the case where the price of electricity does not change over time.
  • the power supply company wants to use time-sharing, different electricity prices are used in different time periods during the day, such as one electricity price during the day and one electricity price at night.
  • the STS cannot meet such requirements by using the TI identification management rate.
  • the prior art prepaid electric energy meter meets the demand for different electricity price charges, and the time-sharing multi-rate function of the electric energy meter also appears.
  • the source of the demand is that the power supply during the peak period of power consumption is tight, and electricity consumption during the low electricity period is insufficient.
  • the time-sharing rate function has been adopted in some countries and regions. Time-sharing rate function refers to different times during the day The segment price (rate) is different. In some places, it is also stipulated that the weekly holiday rate is different from the working day rate, and the holiday rate is also different. Therefore, the complete time-sharing rate function should have three sets of rates for holidays, weekly holidays and working days, each of which can use different rates for different time periods.
  • the time-sharing multi-rate electric energy meter must have a clock in the meter and have different rates of electricity consumption statistics. According to which rate period the current time is, the electricity consumption is accumulated into the rate electricity consumption.
  • the rate list peak rate 0.8$/kWh, flat rate 0.7$/kWh, valley rate 0.5$/kWh, then:
  • the first set of rate schedules is the first set of rate schedules:
  • the first set of rates is used for working days
  • the second set of rates is used for weekly holidays
  • the third set of rates is used for holidays.
  • the weekly rest day is two days (Saturday, Sunday)
  • the holiday has three days (February 1, February 2, May 1)
  • the rate used for 2010.9.2613:01 is the peak rate.
  • the electricity consumption is included in the peak rate electricity consumption.
  • the realization of the time-sharing multi-rate function requires the following types of data: rate electricity price list; rate time table; weekly holiday table; holiday table.
  • the time-sharing multi-rate electric energy meter has been used in the AMR system and the IC card prepaid system, but the electric energy meter does not use the STS specification.
  • a technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a prepaid electric energy meter, comprising: a rate storage unit, which stores a tariff rate table and a rate schedule information based on the IEC62055-41 standard code input.
  • the rate rate table records at least one rate
  • the rate period table records at least one time period
  • each time period in the rate period table corresponds to a corresponding rate in the rate meter
  • the fee The rate list and the rate schedule are defined by the positions of 6.2.6, 6.2.12 or 6.2.13 reserved in the IEC62055-41 standard, and the TOKEN codes corresponding to the tariff and rate periods respectively are used.
  • each input Forms each input; a clock unit for generating and outputting time information; a power calculation unit configured to calculate each of the rate schedules in accordance with the rate period table in the time and rate storage unit generated by the clock unit The amount of electricity used by the energy meter under the time period; the electricity/electricity fee input unit for inputting the pre-paid electricity to be consumed/electricity fee; the electricity fee calculation unit for calculating each of the electricity calculation units During the time period, the electricity used by the energy meter and the corresponding rate electricity price of the rate meter in the rate storage unit corresponding to each time period take the multiplier, and the electricity fee for each time period is obtained, and the electricity fee for each time period is added.
  • the amount of electricity to be deducted is to be deducted from the electricity bill or the power calculation standard entered by the electricity/electricity fee input unit; the electricity/electricity fee deduction unit is used to deduct the to-be-deducted from the electricity to be consumed/electricity fee input by the electricity fee input unit.
  • the power/electricity fee; the power-off unit is configured to disconnect the power supply circuit when it is detected that the power to be consumed/electricity fee after subtracting the power/electricity fee to be deducted is lower than the power-off threshold.
  • the rate storage unit stores a weekly holiday table and holiday table information encoded according to the IEC62055-41 standard, and the rate time table has three types, the first rate time table corresponds to a weekly holiday table, and the second type The rate period table corresponds to the holiday table, and the third rate period table corresponds to other days except the weekdays and holidays, and the weekly rest day table and the holiday table respectively adopt the 6.2.6, 6.2 reserved in the IEC62055-41 standard.
  • the .12 or 6.2.13 position is defined and entered using the TOKEN code format corresponding to the weekdays and holidays, respectively.
  • the power calculating unit calculates a power amount, which is a 40-bit defined rate time table between the time generated by the clock unit and the RND segment and the CRC segment of Section 6.2.13 retained in the IEC62055-41 standard.
  • the electricity fee calculation unit calculates the electricity rate by taking the electricity rate and the rate electricity price in the 40-digit rate list between the RND segment and the CRC segment of Section 6.2.13 retained in the IEC62055-41 standard. multiplier.
  • a prepaid electric energy meter including a rate storage unit, which stores rate period information input in a TOKEN encoded form based on the IEC62055-41 standard,
  • the rate period information includes at least one time period and corresponding rate information of each time period, and the rate period information is defined by the positions of 6.2.6, 6.2.12 or 6.2.13 reserved in the IEC62055-41 standard;
  • a clock unit configured to generate and output time information;
  • a power calculation unit configured to calculate, according to the time period information generated by the clock unit and the rate period information in the rate storage unit, the amount of power used by the energy meter in each period; /Electricity input unit for inputting pre-paid electricity consumption/electricity fee; electricity meter
  • the calculation unit is configured to calculate, by the power calculation unit, the amount of electricity used by the energy meter in each time period and the corresponding rate in the rate storage unit corresponding to each time period, and obtain the electricity fee for each time period, and
  • the calculation unit is configured to calculate, by the power calculation
  • a prepaid electric energy meter including: a rate storage unit, which stores each time period and corresponding rate input according to the TOKEN coding form of the IEC62055-41 standard.
  • Relational data which is defined by the position of Section 6.2.6, Section 6.2.21 or Section 6.2.13 reserved in the IEC62055-41 standard; a clock unit for generating and outputting time information; a power/electricity input unit For inputting the pre-paid electricity to be consumed/electricity fee; the electricity/electricity fee deduction unit for comparing the time and rate data generated by the clock unit with the relationship data in the storage unit, to be consumed in real time at the electricity fee input unit
  • the power/electricity fee is deducted from the multiplier between the current rate and the used power, or the multiplier is converted according to the power calculation standard input by the electricity/electricity input unit; the power-off unit is used for detecting The power supply circuit is disconnected when the power to be consumed/electricity charge after deducting the multiplier between the current rate and the used power is lower than the power-off threshold.
  • the respective time periods refer to daily time periods of the weekdays, holidays, and other days except the weekdays and holidays.
  • the electricity/electricity fee deduction unit when deducting the electricity fee, is 40 between the RND segment and the CRC segment of Section 6.2.13 retained in the time and rate storage unit generated by the clock unit and in the IEC62055-41 standard.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the time-sharing multi-rate electric energy meter different from the prior art pre-paid electric energy meter does not use the STS specification, and the invention keeps the existing main station management system to the maximum, in IEC62055-
  • the time-sharing multi-rate function is implemented within the framework of 41, that is, the resources reserved in IEC62055-41 are skillfully used for special definition; the rate and time period in each set rate are TOKEN coded, which can basically not change the existing Under the premise of the technical framework, the electric energy meter not only conforms to the STS specification, but also enables the electric energy meter to have a time-sharing multi-rate function.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a prepaid electric energy meter of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a data structure diagram defined in sections 6.2.6, 6.2.22, and 6.2.33 of IEC62055-41 utilized by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the prepaid electric energy meter of the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes a technical problem to be solved for the STS specification and the time-sharing multi-rate requirement.
  • the main technical problem make the electric energy meter conform to the STS specification, and at the same time make the electric energy meter have the function of time-sharing and multi-rate.
  • an embodiment of the prepaid electric energy meter of the present invention includes:
  • the rate storage unit stores a tariff rate table and rate schedule information encoded according to the IEC62055-41 standard, wherein the rate meter includes at least two rates, and the rate schedule has at least two During the period, each time period in the rate period table corresponds to a corresponding rate in the rate meter, and the rate meter and the rate period table respectively adopt section 6.2.6, 6.2 retained in the IEC62055-41 standard.
  • the .12 or 6.2.13 position is defined, and each input is in the form of TOKEN code corresponding to the rate and price period respectively;
  • a clock unit for generating and outputting time information, which may be a general electronic clock
  • a power calculation unit configured to calculate, according to the time period table generated by the clock unit and the rate time table in the rate storage unit, the power used by the energy meter in each time period in the rate time table;
  • a power/electricity fee input unit for inputting a prepaid power consumption/electricity fee such as a keyboard type or an IC card type input;
  • the electricity fee calculation unit is configured to calculate, by the power calculation unit, the power quantity used by the energy meter in each time period, and the corresponding rate power price of the rate electricity price table in the rate storage unit corresponding to each time period, Once the electricity fee is obtained for each period, and the electricity charges for each period are added up, the electricity to be deducted may be deducted from the electricity bill or the power calculation standard entered by the electricity/electricity fee input unit;
  • the electricity/electricity fee deduction unit is configured to deduct the to-be-deducted electricity/electricity fee from the electricity to be consumed/electricity fee input by the electricity fee input unit, for example, deducting once a month;
  • the power-off unit is configured to disconnect the power supply circuit when detecting that the power to be consumed/electricity fee after subtracting the power/electricity to be deducted is lower than a power-off threshold.
  • One is an electricity fee, that is, the amount of electricity used by the electric energy meter in each time period calculated by the electric quantity calculation unit, and the corresponding rate electric price of the rate electricity price table in the rate storage unit corresponding to each time period, one by one, one by one
  • the electricity fee for each time period is obtained, and the electricity fee for each time period is added up, and the electricity fee is to be deducted, and then the electricity charge/deduction unit is deducted from the electricity charge to be consumed input by the electricity fee input unit;
  • the other is the electric quantity, that is, the electric quantity used by the electric energy meter in each time period calculated by the electric quantity calculation unit, and the corresponding rate electric power price of the rate electricity price table in the rate storage unit corresponding to each time period, one taking multiplier, one
  • the electricity fee for each period is obtained, and the electricity fee for each time period is added up to obtain: the electricity to be deducted is consistent with the calculation formula of the electricity input by the electricity/electricity fee input unit, and then the electricity consumption to be consumed is input by the electricity/electricity deduction unit in the electricity fee input unit.
  • the power to be deducted is deducted.
  • the present invention maximizes the retention of the existing master station management system and implements the time-sharing complex rate function within the framework of IEC62055-41, that is, subtly using the resources reserved in IEC62055-41 for special definition;
  • the TOKEN code is used for the rate and time period in each set of rates.
  • the energy meter can meet the STS specification and the time-sharing rate function.
  • the rate storage unit stores a weekly holiday table and holiday table information encoded according to the IEC62055-41 standard, and the rate time table is provided with three types, and the first rate time table corresponds to a weekly holiday.
  • Table, the second rate schedule corresponds to the holiday table, and the third rate schedule corresponds to other days except the weekdays and holidays, the weekly schedule and the holiday schedule respectively adopt the 6.2th retained in the IEC62055-41 standard Sections 6.1.2, 6.2.12, or 6.2.13 are defined and used in the form of TOKEN codes for weekly holidays and holidays.
  • Sections 6.1.2, 6.2.12, or 6.2.13 are defined and used in the form of TOKEN codes for weekly holidays and holidays.
  • the power calculation unit when calculating the power amount, is a fee defined by the clock unit and a 40-bit fee defined between the RND segment and the CRC segment of Section 6.2.13 retained in the IEC 62055-41 standard.
  • the electricity bill calculation unit when calculating the electricity bill, is a rate in the tariff rate table defined by 40 bits between the RND segment and the CRC segment of Section 6.2.13 retained in the IEC62055-41 standard. The electricity price is taken as a multiplier.
  • the 40 bits between the RND segment and the CRC segment of Section 6.2.13, which is retained in the IEC62055-41 standard, may define information in a variety of formats, and are not limited to the examples listed in the present invention.
  • those skilled in the art can have various definition methods according to the present invention:
  • the implementation of the time-sharing multi-rate function in the framework of IEC62055-41 mainly implements the following four types of TOKEN:
  • TOKEN type TOKEN content A Rate electricity price B Rate period C Weekend D Holiday
  • IEC62055-41 is not used before the 6.2.6, 6.2.12, and 6.2.13 programs. Can be used to achieve our needs. Since 6.2.6, 6.2.12 are reserved for use by the STS Association, we will use 6.2.13 to complete our design whenever possible.
  • the present invention can fully utilize the 40 Bits (24 bits + 16 bits) between RND and CRC in FIG. 2 to implement the four types of TOKEN in Table 1.
  • RI RMS range: 0 to 15
  • PRICE effective value range 0 ⁇ 1048575, the number of decimal places should be determined according to the specific country
  • RTID valid range 0 ⁇ 4095
  • TIME valid value range 0 ⁇ 1440 (Note: 1441 ⁇ 2047 is invalid value), the unit is minutes
  • RI RMS range: 0 to 15 (when the meter is designed, it should be found in the rate list)
  • RTID valid range 0 ⁇ 4095
  • Bits 0...bit 6 of the TID correspond to Sundays...Saturday, and a bit of 1 indicates that the day is a weekly holiday. For example, 1000001 indicates Saturday, Sunday is a weekly holiday, and Monday to Friday is a working day.
  • RTID valid range 0 ⁇ 4095
  • RTID valid range 0 ⁇ 4095
  • An embodiment of a prepaid power meter comprising:
  • the rate storage unit stores the rate period information input according to the TOKEN coded form of the IEC62055-41 standard, and the rate period information includes at least one time period and corresponding rate information of each time period, and the rate period information is adopted by IEC62055. - 6.2.6, 6.2.12 or 6.2.13 reserved in the -41 standard is defined; the rate period information is used instead of the above rate meter and rate schedule;
  • a clock unit for generating and outputting time information
  • a power calculation unit configured to calculate, according to the time period information generated by the clock unit and the rate period information in the rate storage unit, the amount of power used by the energy meter in each period;
  • the electricity fee calculation unit is configured to calculate the electricity quantity used by the electric energy meter in each time period calculated by the electric quantity calculation unit, and the corresponding multi-rate multiplier in the rate storage unit corresponding to each time period, and obtain the electricity charges of each time period one by one. And the total amount of electricity charges for each period of time may be deducted from the electricity bill, or the amount of electricity to be deducted that is consistent with the calculation formula of the electricity input by the electricity/electricity fee input unit;
  • Electricity/electricity deduction unit for the electricity to be consumed/electricity fee input in the electricity fee input unit Deducting the electricity to be deducted/electricity fee;
  • the power-off unit is configured to disconnect the power supply circuit when detecting that the power to be consumed/electricity fee after subtracting the power/electricity to be deducted is lower than a power-off threshold.
  • an energy meter capable of time-sharing and multi-rate function can be realized.
  • the existing STS-compliant master station management system can be compatible with the STS specification time-sharing complex rate function energy meter implemented according to the method of this paper with only minor modifications.
  • RPI Another option for RPI is to allocate it in the TID of 24bits.
  • the current STS specification energy meter encodes the power.
  • the power value in TOKEN is treated as the amount value
  • the real-time deduction of the remaining amount (Credit) can be realized on the energy meter, which is more convenient for the customer to use.
  • a prepaid energy meter includes:
  • the rate storage unit stores data of each time period and corresponding rate correspondence data input according to the TOKEN coding form of the IEC62055-41 standard, and the relationship data adopts sections 6.2.6 and 6.2.12 reserved in the IEC62055-41 standard. Or define the location of Section 6.2.13;
  • a clock unit for generating and outputting time information
  • the power/electricity fee deduction unit is configured to deduct the current time corresponding rate from the electricity to be consumed/electricity fee input by the electricity fee input unit according to the time and rate data generated by the clock unit. Calculating the power value by using the multiplier between the power sources or the multiplier calculated according to the power amount input by the power/electricity input unit;
  • the power-off unit is configured to disconnect the power supply circuit when detecting that the power to be consumed/electricity fee after subtracting the multiplier between the current rate and the used power is lower than the power-off threshold.
  • the respective time periods refer to daily time periods of the weekdays, holidays, and other days other than the weekdays and holidays.
  • the power/electricity deduction unit when deducting the electricity fee, is an RND segment and a CRC segment of Section 6.2.13 retained in the IEC62055-41 standard in the time and rate storage unit generated by the comparison clock unit.

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Abstract

一种预付费电能表，包括：费率存储单元，存储有基于IEC62055-41标准TOKEN编码形式输入的各时段和相应费率对应关系数据，关系数据采用标准中保留的位置进行定义；时钟单元，用于生成并输出时间信息；电量/电费输入单元，用于输入预付费的待消费电量/电费；电量/电费扣除单元，用于对照时钟单元所生成的时间和费率存储单元中的关系数据，实时地在电量/电费输入单元输入的待消费电量/电费中扣除当前时间所对应费率与已使用电量之间的乘数、或按照电量/电费输入单元所输入电量计算标准的所述乘数换算电量值。该预付费电能表可以在基本不改变现有技术框架的前提下，使电能表既符合STS规范，又使电能表具有分时复费率功能。

Description

预付费电能表 技术领域
本发明涉及一种计量设备，尤其涉及一种预付费电能表。
背景技术
预付费电能表除了具有普通电能表的计量功能外，还具有先买后用的功能，即用户先买电，买电后才能用电，若用完电后用户不继续卖电，则自动切断电源停止供电。预付费电能表的电费预存方法有两种，一种为代码式，一种为写卡式。
代码式原理为：管理系统将用户信息和购电信息结合起来生成一组加密代码，并交给用户自己输入到电表中，电表经过正确解密后得到预存电量或金额并保存。
写卡式原理为：将预购电量或金额写入专用电子卡(存储器)中，交给用户持电子卡到对应电表上进行通讯，预购值自动送入电表中。其中，电子卡或称IC卡，也称购电卡，都是由专用的IC芯片经过特殊封装后而成，常见购电卡按通讯方式分为接触式和非接触式。
在预付费电能表行业，其行业规范也已经开始国际化，IEC62055是2007年发布的第一个关于预付费电能表方面的国际标准。IEC62055系列标准规定了付费电能表系统的系统框架、表计、传输协议、介质、通信协议等，其核心内容在IEC62055-41部分。该标准前身为NRS 009-6，NRS 009-7，相关产品早期在南非使用，后推广到其他国家，后经过STS协会的努力，该标准被IEC采用，并于2007年正式发布，目前符合IEC62055 标准的电能表在非洲、南美、东南亚得到广泛使用，并有逐步扩大的趋势。
IEC62055-41标准名称为“Electricity metering-Payment systems-Part 41：Standard transfer specification(STS)-Application layer protocol for one-way token carrier systems”，现行版本为2007-05发布版本，内容主要源自NRS 009-6-6，NRS 009-6-7，NRS 009-7，规定了付费系统的应用层，包含数据分类及定义、加解密算法、加解密过程、密钥分类及密钥更新、数据解析流程、错误信息码等。
IEC62055-41实现了将预置电量加密为20个数字字符，电能表接收到这20个数字字符后，经过解密得到实际的电量。电能表接收20个数字字符的主流方式目前是在电能表正面使用数字键盘，用户通过按键的方式输入。
IEC62055标准由STS协会维护，有些用户也将符合IEC62055的电能表称为STS规范电能表。
现行STS规范电能表的费率管理，主要在主站管理系统中完成，主站管理系统将用户按用电类型分类，并使用TI(Tariff Index)标识，在售电时根据TI使用不同的费率计算电费。对于电价不随时间改变的情况，这种计费方式是没问题的。但若供电公司想使用分时计费，在一天中，不同的时间段使用不同的电价，如白天一个电价，晚上一个电价，STS使用TI标识管理费率的方式就不能满足这类要求。
在IEC62055标准之外，现有技术预付费电能表为满足不同电价收费需求，也出现了电能表的分时复费率功能。需求的来源原因是，用电高峰期供电紧张，用电低谷期电消费不足。为了消峰填谷，分时复费率功能在一些国家及地区已经被采用。分时复费率功能指在一天中，不同的时间 段电价(费率)不同，有些地方还规定周休日跟工作日费率不同，节假日费率也不同。因此，完整的分时复费率功能应有三套费率，分别用于节假日，周休日和工作日，每一套费率可按不同时间段使用不同费率。分时复费率电能表表内必须有时钟，并有不同费率的用电量统计，根据当前时间处于哪个费率时段内，将用电量累计到该费率用电量中。
比如，费率电价表：峰费率0.8$/kWh、平费率0.7$/kWh、谷费率0.5$/kWh，那么：
第一套费率时段表：
00:00～07:00 谷费率
07:00～12:00 平费率
12:00～14:00 峰费率
14:00～18:00 平费率
18:00～22:00 峰费率
22:00～24:00 谷费率
第二套费率时段表：
00:00～01:00 峰费率
01:00～08:00 谷费率
08:00～24:00 峰费率
第三套费率时段表：
0:00～24:00 平费率
其中，第一套费率用于工作日，第二套费率用于周休日，第三套费率用于节假日。假设周休日为两天(星期六，星期日)，节假日有3天(2月1日，2月2日，5月1日)，则2010.9.2613:01使用的费率为峰费率， 用电量计入峰费率用电量中。
总之，实现分时复费率功能需要以下几类数据：费率电价表；费率时段表；周休日表；节假日表。
目前分时复费率电能表在AMR系统及IC卡预付费系统中已经使用，但电能表没有使用STS规范。
发明内容
基于此，有必要提供一种预付费电能表，能够基本不改变现有STS规范技术框架的前提下，使电能表既符合STS规范，又使电能表具有分时复费率功能。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种预付费电能表，包括：费率存储单元，存储有基于IEC62055-41标准编码输入的费率电价表和费率时段表信息，所述费率电价表记载有至少一种费率，所述费率时段表记载有至少一个时段，所述费率时段表中各时段和费率电价表中相应费率对应，所述费率电价表和费率时段表分别采用IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.6节、6.2.12节或6.2.13节位置进行定义，并且采用分别对应费率电价、费率时段的TOKEN编码形式各自输入；时钟单元，用于生成并输出时间信息；电量计算单元，用于对照所述时钟单元所生成时间和费率存储单元中的费率时段表，计算出费率时段表中的各时段下电能表已使用的电量；电量/电费输入单元，用于输入预付费的待消费电量/电费；电费计算单元，用于将电量计算单元计算得到的各时段下电能表已使用的电量、以及各时段所对应的费率存储单元中费率电价表的相应费率电价一一取乘数，一一得到各时段电费，并将各时段的电费加 总，得待扣除电费、或与电量/电费输入单元所输入电量计算标准一致的待扣除电量；电量/电费扣除单元，用于在电费输入单元输入的待消费电量/电费中扣除所述待扣除电量/电费；断电单元，用于当检测到扣除所述待扣除电量/电费后的待消费电量/电费低于断电阈值时，断开供电回路。
其中，所述费率存储单元存储有基于IEC62055-41标准进行编码的周休日表和节假日表信息，所述费率时段表有三种，第一种费率时段表对应周休日表，第二种费率时段表对应节假日表，第三种费率时段表对应除周休日和节假日外的其他日子，所述周休日表和节假日表分别采用IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.6节、6.2.12节或6.2.13节位置进行定义，并且采用分别对应周休日和节假日的TOKEN编码形式各自输入。
其中，所述电量计算单元在计算电量时，是对照时钟单元所生成时间与IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.13节的RND段与CRC段之间的40位定义的费率时段表，所述电费计算单元在计算电费时，是将电量与IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.13节的RND段与CRC段之间的40位定义的费率电价表中费率电价一一取乘数。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的另一个技术方案是：提供一种预付费电能表，包括费率存储单元，存储有基于IEC62055-41标准的TOKEN编码形式输入的费率时段信息，所述费率时段信息至少包括一个时段及各时段的相应费率信息，所述费率时段信息采用IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.6节、6.2.12节或6.2.13节位置进行定义；时钟单元，用于生成并输出时间信息；电量计算单元，用于对照所述时钟单元所生成时间和费率存储单元中的费率时段信息，计算出各时段下电能表已使用的电量；电量/电费输入单元，用于输入预付费的待消费电量/电费；电费计 算单元，用于将电量计算单元计算得到的各时段下电能表已使用的电量、以及各时段所对应的费率存储单元中相应费率一一取乘数，一一得到各时段电费，并将各时段的电费加总，得待扣除电费、或与电量/电费输入单元所输入电量计算标准一致的待扣除电量；电量/电费扣除单元，用于在电费输入单元输入的待消费电量/电费中扣除所述待扣除电量/电费；断电单元，用于当检测到扣除所述待扣除电量/电费后的待消费电量/电费低于断电阈值时，断开供电回路。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的又一个技术方案是：提供一种预付费电能表，包括：费率存储单元，存储有基于IEC62055-41标准TOKEN编码形式输入的各时段和相应费率对应关系数据，所述关系数据采用IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.6节、6.2.12节或6.2.13节位置进行定义；时钟单元，用于生成并输出时间信息；电量/电费输入单元，用于输入预付费的待消费电量/电费；电量/电费扣除单元，用于对照所述时钟单元所生成的时间和费率存储单元中的关系数据，实时地在电费输入单元输入的待消费电量/电费中扣除当前时间所对应费率与已使用电量之间的乘数、或按照电量/电费输入单元所输入电量计算标准的所述乘数换算电量值；断电单元，用于当检测到扣除当前时间所对应费率与已使用电量之间的乘数后的待消费电量/电费低于断电阈值时，断开供电回路。
其中，所述各时段是指周休日、节假日、除周休日和节假日外的其他日子的每日各个时段。
其中，所述电量/电费扣除单元在扣除电费时，是对照时钟单元所生成时间与费率存储单元中、IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.13节的RND段与CRC段之间的40位定义的关系数据。
本发明的有益效果是：区别于现有技术预付费电能表的分时复费率电能表没有使用STS规范的情况，本发明最大限度地保留现有的主站管理系统不变，在IEC62055-41框架内实现分时复费率功能，即巧妙地使用IEC62055-41中保留的资源进行特别的定义；每套费率中的费率及时间段都采用TOKEN编码，可以在基本不改变现有技术框架的前提下，使电能表既符合STS规范，又使电能表具有分时复费率功能。
附图说明
图1是本发明预付费电能表实施例的原理框图；
图2是本发明所利用的IEC62055-41中第6.2.6，6.2.12，6.2.13节所定义的数据结构图；
图3是本发明预付费电能表另一实施例的原理框图。
具体实施方式
为详细说明本发明的技术内容、构造特征、所实现目的及效果，以下结合实施方式并配合附图详予说明。
本发明根据现有技术的情况，针对STS规范和分时复费率需求，提出要解决的技术问题。
主要技术问题：使电能表符合STS规范，同时又使电能表具有分时复费率功能。
解决思路：最大限度地保留现有的主站管理系统不变，在IEC62055-41框架内实现分时复费率功能；使用IEC62055-41中保留的资源进行特别的定义；每套费率中的费率及时间段都采用TOKEN编码；考 虑费率不会频繁变化，在实际使用中若键盘输入多个TOKEN过于麻烦，可使用红外、485等方式输入，不论哪种方式，都使用符合IEC62055-41的TOKEN编码。
请参阅图1，本发明预付费电能表实施例包括：
费率存储单元，存储有基于IEC62055-41标准进行编码的费率电价表和费率时段表信息，所述费率电价表记载有至少两种费率，所述费率时段表记载有至少两段时段，所述费率时段表中各时段和费率电价表中相应费率对应，所述费率电价表和费率时段表分别采用IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.6节、6.2.12节或6.2.13节位置进行定义，并且采用分别对应费率电价、费率时段的TOKEN编码形式各自输入；
时钟单元，用于生成并输出时间信息，可以是一般的电子时钟；
电量计算单元，用于对照所述时钟单元所生成时间和费率存储单元中的费率时段表，计算出费率时段表中的各时段下电能表已使用的电量；
电量/电费输入单元，用于输入预付费的待消费电量/电费，比如采用键盘式或IC卡式输入；
电费计算单元，用于将电量计算单元计算得到的各时段下电能表已使用的电量、以及各时段所对应的费率存储单元中费率电价表的相应费率电价一一取乘数，一一得到各时段电费，并将各时段的电费加总，得待扣除电费、或与电量/电费输入单元所输入电量计算标准一致的待扣除电量；
电量/电费扣除单元，用于在电费输入单元输入的待消费电量/电费中扣除所述待扣除电量/电费，比如每月扣除一次；
断电单元，用于当检测到扣除所述待扣除电量/电费后的待消费电量/电费低于断电阈值时，断开供电回路。
上述实施例，包括两种费用结算和扣除方式：
一种是电费，即将电量计算单元计算得到的各时段下电能表已使用的电量、以及各时段所对应的费率存储单元中费率电价表的相应费率电价一一取乘数，一一得到各时段电费，并将各时段的电费加总，得待扣除电费，然后使用电量/电费扣除单元在电费输入单元输入的待消费电费中扣除所述待扣除电费；
另外一种是电量，即将电量计算单元计算得到的各时段下电能表已使用的电量、以及各时段所对应的费率存储单元中费率电价表的相应费率电价一一取乘数，一一得到各时段电费，并将各时段的电费加总，得到：与电量/电费输入单元所输入电量计算标准一致的待扣除电量，然后使用电量/电费扣除单元在电费输入单元输入的待消费电费中扣除所述待扣除电量。
可以看出，本发明最大限度地保留现有的主站管理系统不变，在IEC62055-41框架内实现分时复费率功能，即巧妙地使用IEC62055-41中保留的资源进行特别的定义；每套费率中的费率及时间段都采用TOKEN编码，可以在基本不改变现有技术框架的前提下，使电能表既符合STS规范，又使电能表具有分时复费率功能。
在一个实施例中，所述费率存储单元存储有基于IEC62055-41标准进行编码的周休日表和节假日表信息，所述费率时段表设有三种，第一种费率时段表对应周休日表，第二种费率时段表对应节假日表，第三种费率时段表对应除周休日和节假日外的其他日子，所述周休日表和节假日表分别采用IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.6节、6.2.12节或6.2.13节位置进行定义，并且采用分别对应周休日和节假日的TOKEN编码形式各自输 入。
上述例子可以适用于不同日子有不同费率的情况，但对于不同的实际应用场景，可以有不同的设定，并不一定设周休日表和节假日表，比如不设周休日表和节假日表，将所有日子一视同仁，不作区分。
在一个实施例中，所述电量计算单元在计算电量时，是对照时钟单元所生成时间与IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.13节的RND段与CRC段之间的40位定义的费率时段表，所述电费计算单元在计算电费时，是将电量与IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.13节的RND段与CRC段之间的40位定义的费率电价表中费率电价一一取乘数。
IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.13节的RND段与CRC段之间的40位，可以定义各种各样格式的信息，不限于本发明所列出的例子。比如，以下举一实例，本领域技术人员根据本发明，可以有多种定义方法：
根据前面的描述，在IEC62055-41框架内实现分时复费率功能主要是实现以下四类TOKEN：
表1 TOKEN类型
TOKEN类型 TOKEN内容
A 费率电价
B 费率时段
C 周休日
D 节假日
如图2，IEC62055-41中第6.2.6，6.2.12，6.2.13节目前没有使用， 都可以用来实现我们的需求。由于6.2.6，6.2.12被STS协会保留使用，因此我们将尽可能使用6.2.13来完成我们的设计。
本发明可以充分利用图2中RND与CRC之间的40Bits(24bits+16bits)来实现表1中四类TOKEN。
为方便描述，使用下面表2的缩略词。
表2 缩略词
Figure PCTCN2015088138-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2015088138-appb-000002
对于40bits中的16bits，分解为UD/RPI 3bits+RRO 1bit+RTID 12bits：
表3 PropData分解
Figure PCTCN2015088138-appb-000003
对于40bits中的24bits，根据不同的TOKEN类型，进行不同的分解。
A类TOKEN(费率电价表)：
表4 A类TOKEN的TID分解
Figure PCTCN2015088138-appb-000004
表5 TOKEN A
Figure PCTCN2015088138-appb-000005
RI有效值范围：0～15
PRICE有效值范围：0～1048575，应根据具体国家来决定小数位的位数
UD：未定义，计算时使用0
RRO有效值范围：0～1
RTID有效值范围：0～4095
B类TOKEN(费率时段表)：
表6 B类TOKEN的TID分解
Figure PCTCN2015088138-appb-000006
表7 TOKEN B
Figure PCTCN2015088138-appb-000007
UD：未定义，计算时使用0
TIME有效值范围：0～1440(注意：1441～2047为无效值)，单位为分钟
RI有效值范围：0～15(表计设计时，应在费率电价表中查找是否存在)
RPI有效值范围：0～7
RRO有效值范围：0～1
RTID有效值范围：0～4095
C类TOKEN(周休日)：
表8 C类TOKEN的TID分解
Figure PCTCN2015088138-appb-000008
TID的bit 0...bit 6分别对应星期日...星期六，bit位为1表示该日为周休日，如1000001表示周六，周日为周休日，周一到周五为工作日。
表9 TOKEN C
Figure PCTCN2015088138-appb-000009
UD：未定义，计算时使用0
W6..W0：0～1
RPI有效值范围：0～7
RRO有效值范围：0～1
RTID有效值范围：0～4095
D类TOKEN(节假日表)：
表10 D类TOKEN的TID分解
Figure PCTCN2015088138-appb-000010
表11 TOKEN D
Figure PCTCN2015088138-appb-000011
UD：未定义，计算时使用0
FDI有效值范围：0～127
M(Month)有效值范围：0～12(注意：13～15为无效值)
D(Day)有效值范围：0～31(注意：应根据日历按月判断Day的有效值)
RPI有效值范围：0～7
RRO有效值范围：0～1
RTID有效值范围：0～4095
假设DITK＝1111111111111111，电价有四位小数位，根据以上描述，基于
IEC62055-41，则我们对第三节例子中的数据编码为：
A类Token：
4853 8838 7723 8708 6928 RI＝1 Price＝0.8
4913 3045 7937 6320 2743 RI＝2 Price＝0.7
4750 3674 5969 4994 5638 RI＝3 Price＝0.5
B类Token：
1460 4184 0550 5648 8311 TIME(0:00)＝0 RI＝3 RPI＝1
3857 2554 6083 3771 0169 TIME(7:00)＝420 RI＝2 RPI＝1
0434 4195 5784 6046 0522 TIME(12:00)＝720 RI＝1 RPI＝1
0670 8080 2485 3398 3277 TIME(14:00)＝840 RI＝2 RPI＝1
5899 2686 1624 6088 5200 TIME(18:00)＝1080 RI＝1 RPI＝1
1644 5685 2575 2678 1713 TIME(11:00)＝1320 RI＝3 RPI＝1
6358 2827 8534 7790 6655 TIME(0:00)＝0 RI＝1 RPI＝2
2801 6020 0664 9721 0548 TIME(1:00)＝60 RI＝3 RPI＝2
2086 3613 3290 0082 1111 TIME(8:00)＝480 RI＝1 RPI＝2
2842 0155 3572 6703 4650 TIME(0:00)＝0 RI＝2 RPI＝3
C类Token：
6543 0280 1088 7433 4815 W6＝1 W5..W1＝0 W0＝1 RPI＝2
D类Token：
0034 8810 2942 1407 9775 FDI＝1 M＝2D＝1 RPI＝3
4709 7868 5923 1336 8251 FDI＝2 M＝2D＝2 RPI＝3
1791 8408 9382 2389 0261 FDI＝3 M＝5D＝1 RPI＝3
当然，基于本发明精神，不一定要定义费率电价表、费率时段表、周六日表、节假日表，比如：
提供一种预付费电能表实施例，其包括：
费率存储单元，存储有基于IEC62055-41标准的TOKEN编码形式输入的费率时段信息，所述费率时段信息至少包括一个时段及各时段的相应费率信息，所述费率时段信息采用IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.6节、6.2.12节或6.2.13节位置进行定义；采用费率时段信息来代替上述的费率电价表和费率时段表；
时钟单元，用于生成并输出时间信息；
电量计算单元，用于对照所述时钟单元所生成时间和费率存储单元中的费率时段信息，计算出各时段下电能表已使用的电量；
电量/电费输入单元，用于输入预付费的待消费电量/电费；
电费计算单元，用于将电量计算单元计算得到的各时段下电能表已使用的电量、以及各时段所对应的费率存储单元中相应费率一一取乘数，一一得到各时段电费，并将各时段的电费加总，得待扣除电费、或与电量/电费输入单元所输入电量计算标准一致的待扣除电量；
电量/电费扣除单元，用于在电费输入单元输入的待消费电量/电费 中扣除所述待扣除电量/电费；
断电单元，用于当检测到扣除所述待扣除电量/电费后的待消费电量/电费低于断电阈值时，断开供电回路。
根据上面的描述，基于IEC62055-41，可实现分时复费率功能的电能表。
现有的符合STS规范的主站管理系统，只需稍做改动，即可兼容按本文方法实现的STS规范分时复费率功能电能表。
关于RPI：RPI还有另一个选择是在24bits的TID中分配。
目前的STS规范电能表是对电量编码，实际上，如果将TOKEN中的电量值当作金额值处理，则可在电能表上实现实时扣减剩余金额(Credit)，更方便客户的使用，比如下面的实施例：
参阅图3，一种预付费电能表，包括：
费率存储单元，存储有基于IEC62055-41标准的TOKEN编码形式输入的各时段和相应费率对应关系数据，所述关系数据采用IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.6节、6.2.12节或6.2.13节位置进行定义；
时钟单元，用于生成并输出时间信息；
电费输入单元，用于输入预付费的待消费电量/电费；
电量/电费扣除单元，用于对照所述时钟单元所生成的时间和费率存储单元中的关系数据，实时地在电费输入单元输入的待消费电量/电费中扣除当前时间所对应费率与已使用电量之间的乘数、或按照电量/电费输入单元所输入电量计算标准的所述乘数换算电量值；
断电单元，用于当检测到扣除当前时间所对应费率与已使用电量之间的乘数后的待消费电量/电费低于断电阈值时，断开供电回路。
在一个实施例中，所述各时段是指周休日、节假日、除周休日和节假日外的其他日子的每日各个时段。
在一个实施例中，所述电量/电费扣除单元在扣除电费时，是对照时钟单元所生成时间与费率存储单元中、IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.13节的RND段与CRC段之间的40位定义的关系数据。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种预付费电能表，其特征在于，包括：
    费率存储单元，存储有基于IEC62055-41标准编码输入的费率电价表和费率时段表信息，所述费率电价表记载有至少一种费率，所述费率时段表记载有至少一个时段，所述费率时段表中各时段和费率电价表中相应费率对应，所述费率电价表和费率时段表分别采用IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.6节、6.2.12节或6.2.13节位置进行定义，并且采用分别对应费率电价、费率时段的TOKEN编码形式各自输入；
    时钟单元，用于生成并输出时间信息；
    电量计算单元，用于对照所述时钟单元所生成时间和费率存储单元中的费率时段表，计算出费率时段表中的各时段下电能表已使用的电量；
    电量/电费输入单元，用于输入预付费的待消费电量/电费；
    电费计算单元，用于将电量计算单元计算得到的各时段下电能表已使用的电量、以及各时段所对应的费率存储单元中费率电价表的相应费率电价一一取乘数，一一得到各时段电费，并将各时段的电费加总，得待扣除电费、或与电量/电费输入单元所输入电量计算标准一致的待扣除电量；
    电量/电费扣除单元，用于在电费输入单元输入的待消费电量/电费中扣除所述待扣除电量/电费；
    断电单元，用于当检测到扣除所述待扣除电量/电费后的待消费电量/电费低于断电阈值时，断开供电回路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的预付费电能表，其特征在于：所述费率存储单元存储有基于IEC62055-41标准编码输入的周休日表和节假日表信息，所述费率时段表有三种，第一种费率时段表对应周休日表，第二种费率时段表对应节 假日表，第三种费率时段表对应除周休日和节假日外的其他日子，所述周休日表和节假日表分别采用IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.6节、6.2.12节或6.2.13节位置进行定义，并且采用分别对应周休日和节假日的TOKEN编码形式各自输入。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的预付费电能表，其特征在于：所述电量计算单元在计算电量时，是对照时钟单元所生成时间与IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.13节的RND段与CRC段之间的40位定义的费率时段表，所述电费计算单元在计算电费时，是将电量与IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.13节的RND段与CRC段之间的40位定义的费率电价表中费率电价一一取乘数。
  4. 一种预付费电能表，其特征在于，包括：
    费率存储单元，存储有基于IEC62055-41标准的TOKEN编码形式输入的费率时段信息，所述费率时段信息至少包括一个时段及各时段的相应费率信息，所述费率时段信息采用IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.6节、6.2.12节或6.2.13节位置进行定义；时钟单元，用于生成并输出时间信息；
    电量计算单元，用于对照所述时钟单元所生成时间和费率存储单元中的费率时段信息，计算出各时段下电能表已使用的电量；
    电量/电费输入单元，用于输入预付费的待消费电量/电费；
    电费计算单元，用于将电量计算单元计算得到的各时段下电能表已使用的电量、以及各时段所对应的费率存储单元中相应费率一一取乘数，一一得到各时段电费，并将各时段的电费加总，得待扣除电费、或与电量/电费输入单元所输入电量计算标准一致的待扣除电量；
    电量/电费扣除单元，用于在电费输入单元输入的待消费电量/电费中扣除所述待扣除电量/电费；
    断电单元，用于当检测到扣除所述待扣除电量/电费后的待消费电量/电费低于断电阈值时，断开供电回路。
  5. 一种预付费电能表，其特征在于，包括：
    费率存储单元，存储有基于IEC62055-41标准TOKEN编码形式输入的各时段和相应费率对应关系数据，所述关系数据采用IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.6节、6.2.12节或6.2.13节位置进行定义；
    时钟单元，用于生成并输出时间信息；
    电量/电费输入单元，用于输入预付费的待消费电量/电费；
    电量/电费扣除单元，用于对照所述时钟单元所生成的时间和费率存储单元中的关系数据，实时地在电费输入单元输入的待消费电量/电费中扣除当前时间所对应费率与已使用电量之间的乘数、或按照电量/电费输入单元所输入电量计算标准的所述乘数换算电量值；
    断电单元，用于当检测到扣除当前时间所对应费率与已使用电量之间的乘数后的待消费电量/电费低于断电阈值时，断开供电回路。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的预付费电能表，其特征在于：所述各时段是指周休日、节假日、除周休日和节假日外的其他日子的每日各个时段。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的预付费电能表，其特征在于：所述电量/电费扣除单元在扣除电费时，是对照时钟单元所生成时间与费率存储单元中、IEC62055-41标准中保留的第6.2.13节的RND段与CRC段之间的40位定义的关系数据。
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