WO2017027313A1 - Tête de nettoyage - Google Patents

Tête de nettoyage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2017027313A1
WO2017027313A1 PCT/US2016/045525 US2016045525W WO2017027313A1 WO 2017027313 A1 WO2017027313 A1 WO 2017027313A1 US 2016045525 W US2016045525 W US 2016045525W WO 2017027313 A1 WO2017027313 A1 WO 2017027313A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cleaning
pad
pads
cleaning pad
head
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2016/045525
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Matthew D. Chaffee
Mark Baldwin
Michael C. MOONEY
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Company filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Company
Publication of WO2017027313A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017027313A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L17/00—Apparatus or implements used in manual washing or cleaning of crockery, table-ware, cooking-ware or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention is related generally to the field of cleaning tools.
  • the present invention is a cleaning head that is capable of cleaning interior surfaces of an article.
  • Existing dishwands provide excellent surface contact and maneuverability to exterior surfaces and interior surfaces of large items such as pots, pans, baking sheets, plates, bowls, and other items with wide openings.
  • the opening to the interior surface gets smaller and as housewares or glasswares get taller, i.e. champagne flute, water bottles, baby bottles, vases, it becomes increasingly difficult to fit or maneuver the dishwand into the item to clean the interior surface.
  • Many existing and traditional cleaning materials, such as non-wovens and foam lack various properties, such as the conformability and flexibility of bristle brush types of similar size, when the cleaning surface is perpendicular to the axis of the dishwand.
  • the present invention is a cleaning head including a first cleaning pad, a second cleaning pad, a third cleaning pad, and a fastening means holding the first cleaning pad, the second cleaning pad, and the third cleaning pad together.
  • Each of the cleaning pads has a top end, a bottom end, a first side, a second side, a first surface and a second surface.
  • the first and second sides of each of the cleaning pads extend radially from a vertical axis of the cleaning head.
  • the cleaning pads, in combination, are formed from at least a first material and a second material.
  • the present invention is a cleaning tool including a first cleaning pad, a second cleaning pad, a third cleaning pad, and a handle attached to the first cleaning pad, the second cleaning pad, and the third cleaning pad.
  • Each of the cleaning pads has a top end, a bottom end, a first side, a second side, a first surface and a second surface.
  • the first and second sides of each of the cleaning pads extend radially from a vertical axis of the cleaning head.
  • the cleaning pads, in combination, are formed from at least a first material and a second material.
  • the present invention is a method of assembling a cleaning head.
  • the method includes providing a first cleaning pad, a second cleaning pad, and a third cleaning pad, wherein at least the first cleaning pad and the second cleaning pad comprise at least a first material and a second material; cutting a slit along a portion of a vertical axis of each the first, second, and third cleaning pads; positioning the cleaning pads adjacent one another; inserting a fastening means at the slits of the first, second and third cleaning pads such that side surfaces of the cleaning pads extend radially from the fastening means; and attaching the fastening means to a handle.
  • FIG. 1 A is a perspective view of a cleaning tool of the present invention.
  • FIG. IB is a front view of the cleaning tool of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the cleaning tool of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 A is a first perspective view of a cleaning head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3B is a second perspective view of the cleaning head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3C is a first side view of the cleaning head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3D is a second side view of the cleaning head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3E is a top view of the cleaning head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3F is a bottom view of the cleaning head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a method of inserting the fastening means to cleaning pads of the cleaning head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5A is a perspective view of a fastening means of the cleaning head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5B is a first side view of the fastening means of the cleaning head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5C is a second side view of the fastening means of the cleaning head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5D is a top view of the fastening means of the cleaning head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5E is a bottom view of the fastening means of the cleaning head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a method of inserting the cleaning head of the present invention to a handle.
  • FIG. 1 A and FIG. IB show a perspective view and front view, respectively, of a cleaning tool 100 of the present invention.
  • the cleaning tool generally includes a cleaning head 110 releasably attached to a handle 120.
  • the cleaning tool provides both full coverage, or 360 degree, cleaning as well as conformability and flexibility to fit into small openings in order to clean the interior surface of certain articles, such as bottles, glassware or vases.
  • the size (length and diameter) of the cleaning head is sufficient to provide surface area contact when cleaning while also being able to fit into smaller openings of housewares.
  • the cleaning head has the ability to compress to fit through a smaller opening and then expand again to its original state after compression.
  • the cleaning pads 112, 114, 116 of the cleaning head 110 are rotated to be in-line with the axis of the cleaning tool 100, which is different from, and perpendicular to, cleaning pad arrangements found on some more traditional scouring and cleaning tools Structuring the cleaning tool in this manner provides a simple way of transforming flat layers of cleaning pads into a cylindrical cleaning head with multiple flexible vertical segments extending radially from the axis of the cleaning tool.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the cleaning tool 200 of the present invention.
  • the cleaning head includes at least a first cleaning pad 212, a second cleaning pad 214, a third cleaning pad 216, and a fastening means 230 that functions to hold the cleaning pads together and to attach the cleaning head 210 to the handle 220.
  • the cleaning head is depicted in the Figures and described as including three cleaning pads, the cleaning head may include three or more cleaning pads without departing from the intended scope of the present invention.
  • Each of the cleaning pads includes a top end 240a, 240b, 240c, a bottom end 244a, 244b, 244c, a first side 250a, 250b, 250c, a second side 254a, 254b, 254c, a first surface 260a, 260b, 260c and a second surface 264a, 264b, 264c.
  • each of the cleaning pads includes a cutout section 267, where material has been removed from the center of the top end of each of the cleaning pads.
  • This geometry provides two functions: to easily centrally locate the cleaning pad within the fastening means and to create a cavity or void in the center of the cleaning pads when assembled into the fastening means.
  • the outermost width at the cutout section (Line A) is equal to the diameter of the assembled fastening means, better alignment of all cleaning pads with the fastening means fastening means results, both during assembly and during use. If the cleaning tool has a handle that dispenses liquid soap, rather than have soap release onto the top of the cleaning pads, this void allows the soap to reach deeper into the cleaning head for faster and more effective sudsing during use, a common expectation in cleaning.
  • FIGS. 3 A-3F show a first perspective view, a second perspective view, a first side view, a second side view, a bottom view, and a top view of the cleaning head 310 of the present invention when assembled, respectively.
  • the cleaning pads 312, 314, 316 of the cleaning head are formed from at least a first material and a second material.
  • each of the cleaning pads is formed from a single material.
  • the material forming each of the cleaning pads may be the same or different for each cleaning pad.
  • the first and third cleaning pads 312, 316 may be formed from a first material
  • the second cleaning pad 314 may be formed from a second material.
  • at least one of the cleaning pads is formed from at least two materials.
  • the cleaning pad When the cleaning pad is formed from at least two materials, the cleaning pad may be a laminate. Suitable examples of materials forming the cleaning pads may include, but are not limited to: non-woven webs, natural or synthetic cellulose sponge, polyurethane foam, melamine foam, reticulated foam, spray or coated abrasive materials, woven or knitted materials such as mesh, and non-woven scouring pads. By using different layers such as a non-woven scouring pad and polyurethane foam, both scouring and wiping functions can be applied in the same motion and at the same time, for more efficient cleaning. In some embodiments, the cleaning pads may be impregnated with a cleaning material (e.g., soap, detergent), a dye, and a fragrance.
  • a cleaning material e.g., soap, detergent
  • each of the cleaning pads can vary without departing from the intended scope of the present invention.
  • the cleaning pads may be rectangular, circular, bowtie shaped, or be of another polyhedron shape.
  • the cleaning pads are rectangular to eliminate waste in the production of the cleaning pads.
  • the square corners on the bottom of the cleaning head also ensure effective surface contact into the corners of items, a known difficulty for some tools in this market.
  • At least one of the cleaning pads may be different in shape and size than the other cleaning pads.
  • the second cleaning pad is larger in size than the first and third cleaning pads such that it extends beyond the sides, bottom ends, and/or top ends of the first and third cleaning pads to ensure active cleaning on the bottom and/or top ends and the first and second sides during use.
  • the cleaning pads are held together in a compressed state within the fastening means 330 along at least one point along a vertical axis of each of the cleaning pads.
  • the vertical axis of each of the cleaning pads is parallel or in-line with the sides of the respective cleaning pad and extends from the top end to the bottom end.
  • the sides of the cleaning pads “fan out” and extend radially from the center of the stack, or along a vertical axis of the cleaning head.
  • the cleaning head when assembled, has a generally cylindrical shape along the vertical axis of the fastening means. In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS.
  • adjacent surfaces of the cleaning pads may be separated by an angle ⁇ of between about 10 and about 80 degrees on one side and the outer cleaning pads could be compressed to form an angle ⁇ 2 of between about 20 and about 160 degrees on the other side.
  • the adjacent surfaces of the cleaning pads may have an angle ⁇ of about 45 degrees on one side and the outer cleaning pads could be compressed to form an angle ⁇ 2 of about 90 degrees on the other side.
  • angle ⁇ may more typically be between about 30 and 40 degrees on one side and the outer cleaning pads compressed to form an angle ⁇ 2 more typically between about 100 and 120 degrees on the other side.
  • a groove or a partial removal of material can be added down the center of any of the cleaning pads along the vertical axis of the fastening means. This void of material where the fastening means compresses down can help the adjacent surfaces of the cleaning pads create a greater arcing angle, resulting in more optimal even spacing.
  • This groove can be optimized to ensure that different materials with different compression properties can achieve the optimal arcing angle when compressed within the fastening means.
  • each cleaning pad can be specified to achieve desired effects of both. For example, thinner, more compressible materials (such as polyurethane foam) will fan less but have more flexibility, while stiffer materials (such as non-woven scouring pads) will also fan less but be more rigid for scouring. By contrast, thicker compressible foams (more volume) have less compression (more mass at compression point) and retain more water, which can require manual expression of the water before storage. Thus, various combinations of material and pad thickness can be used to result in the desired end product.
  • thinner, more compressible materials such as polyurethane foam
  • stiffer materials such as non-woven scouring pads
  • the first and second sides of the cleaning pads When extending radially and compressed, the first and second sides of the cleaning pads will flex/conform/twist more freely to allow the cleaning head to enter smaller openings compared to other more common orientations of the cleaning pads.
  • scouring tools or the scouring segments of tools have been planar in nature and generally perpendicular to the axis of the cleaning tool, with scouring materials generally on a single or bottom surface of the cleaning head. This method of compressing combinations of cleaning pads and aligning with the vertical axis of the cleaning tool allows the user to have scouring performance not only at the bottom and/or top ends of the cleaning head, but also on the sides to obtain greater scouring coverage and effectiveness at the bottom and sides of glassware, bottle and vases.
  • the scouring surface of a cleaning head has been limited to a single plane or area of the cleaning head due to costs of assembly or processing.
  • the cleaning head of the present invention allows for multiple cleaning materials acting simultaneously, for example, scrubbing/scouring with non- woven scouring pads and wiping with foam, providing a more premium product with increased cleaning capability.
  • FIG. 4 shows a method of assembling the cleaning head 410 of the present invention.
  • the cleaning pads 412, 414, 416 are stacked and held together with the fastening means 430, which compresses the center of the stack.
  • the fastening means 430 which compresses the center of the stack.
  • at least a portion of the second surface of the first cleaning pad 412 is in contact with at least a portion of the first surface of the second cleaning pad 414 and at least a portion of the first surface of the third cleaning pad 416 is in contact with at least a portion of the second surface of the second cleaning pad 414.
  • first and third cleaning pads 412, 416 are each depicted as being formed from two layers of two different materials.
  • the first and third cleaning pads 412, 416 of cleaning head 410 are layered laminates.
  • First cleaning pad 412 has a first scouring material layer 412a and a second wiping material layer 412b.
  • Second cleaning pad 414 of cleaning head 410 is a scouring material.
  • Third cleaning pad 416 has a first scouring material layer 416a and a second wiping material layer 416b.
  • the wiping material layers 412b, 416b of the first and third cleaning pads can be polyurethane foam.
  • Second cleaning pad 414 and the scouring material layers 412a, 416a of the first and third cleaning pads 412, 416 can be non-woven scouring pads.
  • Second cleaning pad 414 is larger in size than the first and third cleaning pads 412, 416 such that it extends beyond the sides, bottom ends, and/or top ends of the first and third cleaning pads to ensure active cleaning on the bottom and/or top ends and the first and second sides during use.
  • the non-woven scouring pad is an open, low density, three- dimensional, non-woven web of fibers, where the fibers are bonded to one another at points of mutual contact, e.g. where they intersect and contact one another.
  • the fibers are thermo-bonded and/or resin-bonded (i.e. with a hardened resin, e.g. a prebond resin) to one another at points of mutual contact. Because the fibers of the web are bonded together at points of mutual contact, a lofty, three-dimensional non- woven web structure of fibers is formed.
  • the non-woven web of fibers has a void volume (i.e. percentage of total volume of voids to total volume occupied by the non-woven web structure) of at least about 75%.
  • void volume i.e. percentage of total volume of voids to total volume occupied by the non-woven web structure
  • the resins include, but are not limited to, a phenolic resin, a styrene-butadiene latex or a polyurethane resin.
  • Suitable synthetic fibers for production of such a web include synthetic fibers, such as but not limited to, nylon and polyester fibers. Natural fibers such as cotton and agave fibers, may also be included in the non-woven web. In some lofty, non-woven web material embodiments, suitable fibers are between about 20 mm and 110 mm in length and have a fineness or linear density ranging between about 0.5 denier to 500 denier. Fibers of mixed denier and lengths can also be used.
  • Lofty, non- woven web materials may be readily formed, using an air laid process, for example, on a "Rando Webber” machine (commercially available from Rando Machine Company, NY), or may be formed by other conventional processes such as by carding or by continuous extrusion.
  • Useful lofty, non-woven web materials may have a basis weight between about 25 g/m 2 and 500 g/m 2 and a web thickness of between about 5 mm and 50 mm. These lofty, non-woven web materials are effective for most scouring applications. For more demanding scouring applications, the lofty, non-woven web materials may include abrasive particles.
  • the abrasive particles include, but are not limited to, inorganic abrasive particles, organic based particles, sol gel particles or combinations thereof.
  • the abrasive particles can be adhered to the fibers of the non-woven web with a binder precursor, e.g. a coatable resinous adhesive material applied to the fibers of the non-woven web.
  • the binder precursor can be converted to a hardened binder, or make coat.
  • the binder precursor suitable for use is a coatable, hardenable adhesive binder and may comprise one or more thermoplastic or, thermosetting resinous adhesives.
  • Resinous adhesives suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, phenolic resins, urethane resins, and styrene acrylic copolymers.
  • the binder precursor can be mixed with the abrasive particles to form an adhesive/abrasive slurry that may be applied to the fibers of the non-woven web by any of a variety of known methods such as roll coating, knife coating, spray coating, and the like.
  • the applied binder precursor is then exposed to the appropriate conditions to solidify the binder.
  • Commercially available non-woven scouring pads are available under the trade designation "SCOTCH-BRITE" available from 3M
  • each of the cleaning pads 412, 414, 416 includes a vertical slit 466 extending from the bottom end of each of the cleaning pads and along a portion of the vertical axis of each of the cleaning pads.
  • the cleaning pads are then held together at the vertical slits by the fastening means 430, which slides through the vertical slits to hold them together. This slit also helps to better align all pads together within the fastening means.
  • At least one of the cleaning pads can include any number of horizontal slits (not shown) extending inwards from at least one of the first and second sides of the cleaning pad.
  • the horizontal slits allow for greater flexibility and
  • FIGS. 5A-5E show a perspective view, a first side view, a second side view, a top view, and a bottom view of the fastening means 530 of the cleaning head of the present invention.
  • the fastening means may be any mechanical fastening device that is capable of holding the cleaning pads under compression. As previously mentioned, conformability and flexibility are crucial in the radial direction to allow the cleaning head to flex and fit into variously sized openings, and particularly small openings.
  • the minimalistic design of the fastening means allows for maximum compressibility of the cleaning pads with minimal mass or volume down the axis of the cleaning head/fastening means, allowing for the majority of the cleaning head to be constructed of compressible materials.
  • the design of the fastening means also allows for simple assembly of the cleaning pads.
  • the fastening means 530 is a U-shaped clip (FIGS. 5A and 5B) with a first flange 570 and a second flange 575 connected by a living hinge 580 located at the center of the fastening means.
  • the first and second flanges are mirror- images of each other and are spaced apart so as to allow the cleaning pads to be positioned between them during assembly.
  • Each of the flanges includes an interior surface 572, 577 for contacting the cleaning pads, an exterior surface 574, 579, and a connection member 582, 584 for attaching the fastening means to the handle.
  • detailed features can be molded into the internal and external surfaces of the fastening means.
  • Detailed features 586 can be molded into the internal surface to allow a better grip on the cleaning pads while detailed features 588 can be molded into the external surface to allow for additional cleaning (scraping, scouring) capabilities, for example, to displace stuck on or harder to remove materials.
  • connection members 582, 584 that can be positioned into an opening of an elongated handle and releasably or permanently retained within the opening.
  • the connection members 582, 584 form a conical shape when in contact with each other and are sized to engage an opening 604 in an end of the handle, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • connection members 582, 584 are brought into contact with each other and pushed into the opening 604 in the handle 620 until a locking mechanism is engaged, retaining the ends of the fastening means within the handle.
  • the locking mechanism of the connection member can include protrusions 583, 585 of various shapes or geometry.
  • the handle 620 can have a reciprocating hole 606 of matching geometry that the protrusion on the connecting members can slide into on either side of the handle.
  • the locking mechanism protrusions are designed in such a way that when the connection members come together so that they contact each other, the maximum width across the two protrusions is equal to the minimum inside diameter of the opening in the handle.
  • an angle on the protrusion can interlock with a reciprocating angle on the handle (not shown), this prevents the locking protrusion from backing out of the hole on the handle when lateral forces are applied during cleaning.
  • the fastening means contains a notch (not shown), or removal of plastic, in a specific location to align with a void or channel in the cleaning pads.
  • this notch in the plastic of the fastening means allows soap in the void of the cleaning pads to have an exit path to the outside of the cleaning head rather than allow the soap to be retained inside the cleaning head. This aids in sudsing and allows the soap to get to the outside of the cleaning head for faster more effective cleaning.
  • the fastening means may permanently attach the cleaning head to the handle.
  • the fastening means may releasably attach the cleaning head to the handle, where the cleaning head may be removed from the handle by pushing the protrusions so they retract back through the hole in the handle and pulling the cleaning head off of the handle.
  • the fastening means can be formed of different materials or created from various processes as long as the material allows for the living hinge.
  • the fastening means may be formed of metal, such as, but not limited to, aluminum or steel.
  • the fastening means may be formed of a plastic material, such as, but not limited to polypropylene or nylon.
  • the fastening means may formed by injection molding.
  • the cleaning head of the present invention can be attached to either a standard handle or a soap-loaded handle which dispenses liquid soap.
  • the features and geometry of the fastening means can work with the soap in multiple ways.
  • One way is to restrict the flow of the soap to the top of the cleaning head after it is dispensed, allowing the soap to slowly transfer through the cleaning pads, which are generally porous.
  • the end product is a cleaning head that will suds when used with water.
  • Another method is to create a pathway that directs the soap to the exterior of the fastening means, from above or within the cleaning pads and down the sides. This allows the user to see the soap come out, and to allow the soap to come in direct contact with the exterior surface of the cleaning pads.
  • Another method for soap dispensing is to include a hollow section or cutout in the cleaning pads. When layered, this cutout will create a deeper channel down the length of the cleaning head for the soap to travel and more quickly transfer into the cleaning head compared to entering from the top.
  • the cleaning head can be disposable, while retaining the handle for subsequent use.
  • the cleaning head can be provided as a refill to the end user.
  • the refill includes the cleaning pads already installed within the fastening means.
  • the fastening means can also be used multiples times and the refill includes only the cleaning pads, with the end user positioning the cleaning pads into the fastening means and onto the handle.
  • the cleaning tool of the present invention is a full body, generally cylindrical shape with 360 degree surface contact, allowing for less twisting and turning to get around the inside of wider glassware.
  • the cleaning head is also able to contact the entire circumference of narrower glassware for fast and easy cleaning.
  • the cleaning pads can be a single material or a combination of materials layered together in different configurations or orders to impact the end shape and the desired effectiveness of cleaning. Individual layers can be formed from a single material or can be a laminate construction of multiple materials, adding increased functionality such as wiping plus scouring.

Landscapes

  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Une tête de nettoyage 110 de la présente invention comprend un premier tampon de nettoyage 212, un deuxième tampon de nettoyage 214, un troisième tampon de nettoyage 216, et un moyen de fixation 230 maintenant ensemble le premier tampon de nettoyage 212, le deuxième tampon de nettoyage 214, et le troisième tampon de nettoyage 216. Chacun des tampons de nettoyage 212, 214, 216 présente une extrémité supérieure 240a, 240b, 240c, une extrémité inférieure 244a, 244b, 244c, un premier côté 250a, 250b, 250c, un second côté 254a, 254b, 254c, une première surface 260a, 260b, 260c et une seconde surface 264a, 264b, 264c. Les premier et second côtés de chacun des tampons de nettoyage s'étendent radialement à partir d'un axe vertical de la tête de nettoyage. Les tampons de nettoyage sont ensemble formés d'au moins un premier matériau et d'un second matériau.
PCT/US2016/045525 2015-08-07 2016-08-04 Tête de nettoyage WO2017027313A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562202254P 2015-08-07 2015-08-07
US62/202,254 2015-08-07

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WO2017027313A1 true WO2017027313A1 (fr) 2017-02-16

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112004965B (zh) * 2018-04-20 2023-02-28 应用材料公司 在电镀系统中的清洁部件及方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2958593A (en) 1960-01-11 1960-11-01 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Low density open non-woven fibrous abrasive article
FR1252968A (fr) * 1960-03-24 1961-02-03 Collo Rheincollodium G M B H Ustensile pour le nettoyage de corps creux
JPH02116269U (fr) * 1989-03-01 1990-09-18
WO2002096260A1 (fr) * 2001-05-26 2002-12-05 Do-Hyun Kim Lave-pots

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2568035Y (zh) * 2002-09-24 2003-08-27 洁威制刷（宁波）有限公司 一种子母式瓶刷
CN204245453U (zh) * 2014-12-08 2015-04-08 南京化工职业技术学院 一种应用平行四边形机构的清洁刷

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2958593A (en) 1960-01-11 1960-11-01 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Low density open non-woven fibrous abrasive article
FR1252968A (fr) * 1960-03-24 1961-02-03 Collo Rheincollodium G M B H Ustensile pour le nettoyage de corps creux
JPH02116269U (fr) * 1989-03-01 1990-09-18
WO2002096260A1 (fr) * 2001-05-26 2002-12-05 Do-Hyun Kim Lave-pots

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TWI698196B (zh) 2020-07-11
TW201717802A (zh) 2017-06-01

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