WO2017022927A1 - Procédé de calcul d'une vitesse de fluide dans un système de rinçage saps et procédé de conception d'un système de rinçage saps - Google Patents

Procédé de calcul d'une vitesse de fluide dans un système de rinçage saps et procédé de conception d'un système de rinçage saps Download PDF

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WO2017022927A1
WO2017022927A1 PCT/KR2016/003629 KR2016003629W WO2017022927A1 WO 2017022927 A1 WO2017022927 A1 WO 2017022927A1 KR 2016003629 W KR2016003629 W KR 2016003629W WO 2017022927 A1 WO2017022927 A1 WO 2017022927A1
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orifice
diameter
loss
flow rate
saps
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PCT/KR2016/003629
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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이동길
정영욱
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한국지질자원연구원
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Priority claimed from KR1020150110875A external-priority patent/KR101657471B1/ko
Priority claimed from KR1020150110876A external-priority patent/KR101657472B1/ko
Priority claimed from KR1020150110877A external-priority patent/KR101657473B1/ko
Application filed by 한국지질자원연구원 filed Critical 한국지질자원연구원
Publication of WO2017022927A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017022927A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/46—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technique for treating a mine drainage from the abandoned mine, and more particularly, to a method for designing a flushing device installed at an inner bottom of a successive alkalinity prodicing system (SAPS) to remove deposits in the SAPS.
  • SAPS successive alkalinity prodicing system
  • SAPS used to treat mine drainage
  • the SAPS is a system for treating acid mine drainage contaminated with iron and alumina.
  • the SAPS is formed with a treatment tank 2 which is discharged after the mine drainage is temporarily received, and a limestone layer L is disposed at the lower end of the treatment tank 2, and the limestone layer L
  • the top is covered with an organic layer (O).
  • the mine drainage (A) flows into the upper portion of the treatment tank (2) and then passes through the organic material layer (L) and the limestone layer (L) in turn and is discharged through the lower discharge line (T) of the treatment tank (2).
  • the mine drainage introduced into the SAPS is biochemically treated by the organic layer (O) and at the same time purified by increasing the pH by the alkali supply from the limestone layer (L).
  • SAPS is designed to provide a mine drainage size of 15 hours or more and sufficient alkalinity to operate for 20-25 years.
  • SAPS has reduced water permeability due to accumulation of mine drainage (sludge) in the organic material layer and limestone layer over time, resulting in a decrease in the capacity and efficiency of the mine drainage treatment in the SAPS tank, increasing operating costs and the life of the treatment facility. Shorten. To overcome this problem, various types of flushing systems have been developed.
  • the flushing system consists of a network of perforated pipes 5 embedded in the limestone layer of SAPS, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, with the perforated pipes 5 connected to the discharge pipe 6. Opening the discharge pipe 5 is a principle that the sludge accumulated in the limestone layer is removed by rapidly draining a large amount of water over the entire SAPS tank. In this way, the porosity of the limestone layer can be restored to extend the life of the SAPS bath.
  • the research on the existing flushing system was conducted at the level of grasping the flushing effect, that is, the rapid drainage effect, by observing the surface descent rate of the SAPS treatment tank when the flushing system was applied to the field, thereby empirically designing the flushing system. Staying at presenting.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a method for classifying the factors affecting the flushing effect when the flushing system is installed in SAPS by introducing a hydrodynamic concept and scientifically grasping the influence of each factor.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a design method for designing an optimal flushing system by providing a method for evenly flushing effect over the entire area of the SAPS treatment tank.
  • the present invention for achieving the above object, the flushing consisting of a plurality of perforated pipe network installed inside the limestone layer to remove the sludge deposited in the limestone layer of the SAPS (Successive Alkalinity Producing System) for processing mine drainage ( flushing)
  • SAPS Successessive Alkalinity Producing System
  • the present invention using a test tank for simulating the SAPS and the flushing system, the flow rate calculation step of defining the flow rate of the mine drainage discharged through the orifice formed in the other hole as a flow rate function for the diameter of the orifice; Measuring the dry weight of the sludge discharged through the orifice in accordance with the diameter of the orifice using the test tank, and assuming the volume of the mine drainage including the sludge sucked into the orifice as a sphere to the diameter of the orifice Calculating an orifice influence radius to derive a radius (orifice influence radius) of the sphere accordingly; And determining a first reference value for the diameter of the orifice such that the flow rate of the mine drainage discharged through the orifice is greater than or equal to the reference value using the flow rate function, and after determining the design diameter of the orifice above the first reference value. And a determining step of determining a design interval between the orifices at a predetermined mag
  • the method for calculating the flow rate of the mine drainage through the orifice in the SAPS system as a method for designing a flushing system consisting of a plurality of perforated pipe network installed inside the limestone layer, After installing a flushing system in the test tank and filling the water, the perforated pipe is opened to measure the flow rate of the mine drainage discharged through the orifice, and the flow rate is repeatedly measured while changing the diameter of the orifice, and then the orifice suddenly A first step of deriving a first loss factor, which is a flow resistance value due to reduction, as an approximation function for the orifice diameter, and setting a first function including the first loss factor; After installing limestone in a test tank in which the flushing system is installed and filling water, the perforated pipe is opened to measure the flow rate of mine drainage discharged through the orifice, and the flow rate is repeatedly measured while changing the diameter of the orifice.
  • a first loss factor which is a flow resistance value due to reduction, as an approximation function for
  • a second step of deriving a second loss factor which is a flow resistance value due to the limestone layer according to the orifice diameter, as an approximation function for the orifice diameter, and setting a second function including the second loss factor;
  • Performing a third loss coefficient which is a flow resistance value due to the sludge, as an approximation function for the orifice diameter, and setting a third function including the third loss coefficient; And deriving the flow rate function for the flow rate of the mine drainage according to the orifice diameter by integrating the first to third functions derived from the first to third steps.
  • the flow rate of the mine drainage discharged through the orifice under various conditions can be scientifically predicted according to the diameter of the orifice.
  • the sludge removal efficiency can be increased because the flow rate of mine drainage can be designed above the minimum transport speed by calculating the minimum transport speed required to remove sludge deposited in SAPS.
  • the present invention has the advantage that the spacing between the orifices can be optimally designed so that the flushing effect is evenly distributed over the entire area of the SAPS.
  • 1 is a view for explaining the SAPS.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining a flushing system installed in a limestone layer of SAPS.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 are for explaining the experimental apparatus used in the experiment performed in the research process of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of the other hole is installed.
  • Figure 5 is a graph of the result of measuring the particle size distribution of the limestone used in the experiment.
  • the graph of Figure 9 shows the results of experiments on losses due to orifice shrinkage.
  • 10 is a diagram for explaining an approximation function derivation using a mathematical approximation method.
  • 11 and 12 are photographs provided with an orifice cover and an orifice cover, respectively, in the other hole.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the measuring equipment for measuring the sludge minimum feed rate.
  • 15 is a graph showing the change in the radius of influence according to the orifice spacing.
  • 16 is a graph showing the amount of increase in the radius of influence of the orifice on the orifice diameter, that is, the flow capacity.
  • 17 is a graph showing the flow rate change according to the orifice diameter before and after the installation of the orifice cover.
  • the present invention is to remove the sludge deposited in the limestone layer of the SAPS (Successive Alkalinity Producing System) for processing the mine drainage, the other hole in the flushing system consisting of a plurality of perforated pipe network installed inside the limestone layer This is a method for estimating the flow rate of mine drainage discharged through the hole of.
  • SAPS Successessive Alkalinity Producing System
  • the perforated pipe is opened to measure the flow rate of mine drainage discharged through the orifice, while changing the diameter of the orifice to measure the flow rate.
  • a first loss factor which is a flow resistance value due to a sudden reduction of an orifice, as an approximation function for the orifice diameter, and setting a first function including the first loss factor;
  • a second step of deriving a second loss factor which is a flow resistance value due to the limestone layer according to the orifice diameter, as an approximation function for the orifice diameter, and setting a second function including the second loss factor;
  • the perforated pipe After depositing sludge and filling water in a test tank in which the flushing system and the limestone layer are installed, the perforated pipe is opened to measure the flow rate of mine drainage discharged through the orifice, and the flow rate measurement is repeated while changing the diameter of the orifice.
  • a third loss coefficient which is a flow resistance value due to the sludge, as an approximation function for the orifice diameter, and setting a third function including the third loss coefficient
  • Integrating the first to third functions derived in the first to third step is characterized in that the flow rate function for the flow rate of the mine drainage according to the orifice diameter.
  • the first step after obtaining a plurality of loss coefficient values by inputting a plurality of flow rates measured according to the diameter of the orifice in the following relation 1,
  • k is the loss factor
  • h is the fixed level as the test tank level
  • V is the measured value as the flow rate of the mine drainage through the orifice
  • g is the acceleration of gravity
  • the change of the loss coefficient value using the orifice diameter as a variable is derived as a first loss function using a mathematical approximation method, and the first loss function is defined as the first loss factor.
  • a plurality of loss coefficient values are obtained by inputting the relational expression 1 using a plurality of flow velocity values measured according to orifice diameters, and then the change of the loss coefficient value having the orifice diameter as a variable is mathematically calculated.
  • the second loss function is derived by using an approximation method, and the second loss function is derived by subtracting the first loss function from the second loss function.
  • a plurality of loss coefficient values are obtained by inputting the relational expression 1 using a plurality of flow velocity values measured according to the orifice diameter, and then the change of the loss coefficient value having the orifice diameter as a variable is mathematically calculated.
  • the third loss function is derived by using an approximation method, and the third loss function is derived by subtracting the second loss function from the third loss function.
  • the second loss coefficient due to the limestone layer resistance the second a loss coefficient, which is the flow resistance value of the limestone layer itself, and the flow resistance value generated when the limestone is introduced into the orifice to block a part of the flow path. 2b is the sum of the loss coefficients.
  • an orifice cover is installed in the orifice to allow the mine drainage to pass but not to pass a limestone of a predetermined size.
  • a plurality of loss coefficient values are obtained by inputting a plurality of flow rates measured according to the diameter of the orifice in relation 2 below.
  • k is the loss factor
  • h is the fixed level as the test tank level
  • V is the measured value as the flow rate of the mine drainage through the orifice
  • g is the acceleration of gravity
  • the change of the loss coefficient value having the orifice diameter as a variable is derived as a second a loss function using a mathematical approximation method, and the second loss factor is determined as the second a loss factor by subtracting the first loss factor from the second a loss function.
  • the second loss factor is calculated by subtracting the second loss factor from the second loss factor.
  • the second a loss factor is preferably derived as a function of the diameter of the orifice and the thickness of the limestone layer as variables.
  • the flow rate function for the flow rate of the mine drainage through the orifice is It can be determined by the relation 3 of.
  • V [2g ⁇ h t ⁇ ⁇ 1 / (k c + k p + k s) ⁇ ] 1/2 ... equation 3
  • V is the flow rate of the mine drainage
  • h t is the level of the test tank calculated from the orifice
  • g is the gravitational acceleration
  • k c , k p , k s is a function of the orifice diameter.
  • the second loss factor k p is again the second a loss factor k l , which is the flow resistance value of the limestone layer itself, and the second b loss factor, which is the flow resistance value of the limestone that partially blocks the orifice. is the sum of (k b ).
  • the present invention provides a flushing system comprising a plurality of perforated pipe networks installed inside the limestone layer to remove sludge deposited in the limestone layer of the SAPS (Successive Alkalinity Producing System) for treating the mine drainage. It's a way to design.
  • SAPS Successessive Alkalinity Producing System
  • the present invention is a flow rate calculating step of calculating the flow rate of the mine drainage discharged through the orifice formed in the other hole by using an experimental tank for simulating the SAPS and the flushing system; Measuring the dry weight of the sludge discharged through the orifice in accordance with the diameter of the orifice using the test tank, and assuming the volume of the mine drainage including the sludge sucked into the orifice as a sphere to the diameter of the orifice Calculating an orifice influence radius to derive a radius (orifice influence radius) of the sphere accordingly; And determining a first reference value for the diameter of the orifice such that the flow rate of the mine drainage discharged through the orifice is greater than or equal to the reference value using the flow rate function, and after determining the design diameter of the orifice above the first reference value.
  • a determining step of determining a design interval between the orifices at a predetermined magnification of the orifice influence radius according to the design diameter of the orifice wherein the flow rate calculating step is characterized by using the above-described flow rate calculating method.
  • the sludge precipitated in the SAPS is introduced into the transparent tube, and after connecting the fluid injection pump to the transparent tube, while flowing the fluid to the transparent tube while increasing the speed of the fluid
  • the minimum conveying speed which is the speed at which the sludge is conveyed, is obtained, and the reference value for the flow rate may be set as the reference value for the flow rate.
  • the orifice influence radius can be determined by the following equation (1).
  • R i is the orifice influence radius (m)
  • W s is the dry weight of the sludge discharged through the orifice (measured value, g)
  • n o is the number of orifices formed in the perforated tube
  • ⁇ D is the sludge in the limestone layer Distribution concentration (g / m 3 ).
  • a plurality of orifice influence radii measured according to the orifice diameter are input to Equation (2) to calculate a plurality of orifice flow capacity values, and the orifice diameter is defined as the X axis.
  • a graph is drawn with the flow capacity as the Y axis, and the diameter of the orifice at the point where the increase rate of the orifice flow capacity according to the orifice diameter is maximum is determined as the second reference value for the orifice diameter, and the first reference value and the first It is preferable to determine one of the two reference values as the design diameter of the orifice.
  • the first reference value is determined as the design diameter of the orifice
  • the second reference value is determined. It is desirable to determine the design diameter of the orifice.
  • the present invention relates to a design method of a flushing system installed in a Successive Alkalinity Producing System (SAPS) for treating mine drainage.
  • the flushing system design method according to the present invention has an optimal flushing effect by scientifically designing the diameter and spacing of an orifice in a hole (hereinafter, referred to as an orifice) and a pipe (hereinafter, referred to as an 'perforated tube') forming a flushing system. To achieve.
  • the present invention also relates to a flow rate calculation method in a flushing system included as one element of a design method of the flushing system. That is, it is a method for accurately calculating the flow rate of the mine drainage through the orifice. This flow rate calculation method is expressed in the flow rate calculation step in the design method of the flushing system.
  • the present invention mainly targets SAPS in the mine drainage treatment system
  • the present invention is not only applied to SAPS, but also other mine drainage treatment facilities and water treatment facilities to which a flushing system is applicable. Therefore, in the present invention, the limestone layer is to be understood as a concept including a media installed in the treatment tank, the wastewater to be treated and the purification process is performed. That is, even if it is not limestone, it may contain other materials for providing alkali.
  • flushing design method The flushing design method according to the present invention is largely divided into a flow rate calculation step, an orifice influence radius calculation step, and a decision step of determining the diameter and spacing of the orifice.
  • flow rate calculation step an orifice influence radius calculation step
  • decision step a decision step of determining the diameter and spacing of the orifice.
  • another flow rate calculation method of the present invention is the same as the above-described flow rate calculation step will be omitted a separate description.
  • the first purpose of the flushing system is to remove sludge that precipitates in the limestone layer of the SAPS, which reduces the permeability of the limestone layer.
  • the sludge in the limestone layer is discharged together when the fluid is drained. Therefore, the most important thing in flushing is the speed of the fluid passing through the orifice.
  • the researchers determined that the flow rate was determined by the head difference of the SAPS and the resistance value acting as a resistance to the flow of the fluid. Based on these considerations, the researchers of the present invention classify the factors that influence the flow velocity of the fluid discharged through the orifice when the other hole is installed in SAPS, and independently grasp the influence of the flow velocity by each of these factors. It was.
  • the factors influencing the velocity of the fluid were determined qualitatively and quantitatively using the concept of loss head, which is a hydrodynamic concept.
  • the head loss classified into four categories is determined through experimental consideration after approaching from a theoretical concept. First, the experimental procedure that classifies the head of the head into four types will be described.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a field experiment apparatus.
  • the experimental apparatus is composed of a three-stage water tank 100 having a size of width ⁇ length ⁇ height of 0.8m ⁇ 1.6m ⁇ 2.1m.
  • a perforated pipe 10 was embedded at the bottom of the tank and a discharge valve 11 was mounted.
  • the tank was installed as a transparent plate to check the inside, and the drain pipe 20 and the drain valve 21 were installed at the bottom and the middle of the tank.
  • 4 is a plan view showing a state in which the other hole (10) is installed.
  • the perforated tube 10 used in the experiment is a PVC material, two orifices 15 are drilled, and two perforated 10 tubes are installed at each end of the tank.
  • Orifice diameters were selected from three types of 0.01m, 0.02m, and 0.03m, and the intervals between the orifices were divided into four types of 0.2m, 0.4m, 0.6m, and 0.8m. Four orifice intervals and three orifice diameters, so the experiment was performed a total of 12 times as shown in Table 1 below.
  • the sludge used in this experiment was sludge collected from Hwangji-Yuchang Natural Purification Facility located in Samcheok, Korea.
  • the density of sludge measured by pycnometer is 3.89 g / cm 3 .
  • the particle size distribution of the sludge measured by the particle size analyzer showed that the particle size of most sludge was 10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the amount of sludge used in the experiment was adjusted to the same conditions as in the previous experiment conducted by the researchers, and 3.6 kg of sludge was added to the tank for each experiment.
  • the experimental results using glass beads can be seen to be in good agreement with the Blake & Kozeny equation, which is a formula for predicting the fluid velocity in the porous layer composed of particles having a constant diameter. As the diameter of the orifice increases, the velocity at the orifice tends to decrease slightly, but it is similar to the constant value of the speed 4.1 m / sec, which is predicted by the Blake & Kozeny equation.
  • h t is the total loss head
  • h c is the loss head due to the reduction of the orifice suddenly
  • h l is the total head loss due to the limestone layer
  • h b is the loss head due to the partial blockage of the orifice in the limestone
  • h s is the sludge Refers to the head of loss caused.
  • Each head is multiplied by the loss factor (k) multiplied by the square of the velocity (V) and divided by twice the gravity acceleration (g). This introduces the concept of head loss due to hydrodynamics.
  • the loss head (h l ) due to the limestone layer and the loss head (h b ) due to the partial blockage of the orifice of the limestone are integrated into one and are identified as the loss head (hp) by the limestone as shown in Equation (2) below.
  • the experimental method for obtaining each head is described in more detail.
  • the experimental apparatus uses the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 as it is.
  • the loss factor due to orifice shrinkage refers to the flow resistance caused by the sudden narrowing of the flow path.
  • install perforated pipe without filling limestone in the water tank fill water to a certain level, and open the perforated pipe to measure the speed and flow rate of the fluid discharged through the perforated pipe. do. Repeat the measurement while changing the orifice diameter. Through this experiment, the flow velocity is measured according to the orifice diameter, and is formed as a function of the head loss below.
  • the head h c is a level difference and is fixed at the height from the top of the tank to the orifice
  • the flow rate V is a value measured according to the diameter of the orifice.
  • the value of k c can be calculated from Eq. (3). If the diameter of the orifice is set to the X axis and the k c value to the Y axis, the k c values according to the diameters are represented as points on the XY plane, and the loss factor kc is calculated using a mathematical approximation method (e.g., least squares method, interpolation method, or Norm). This can be set as an approximation function according to the orifice diameter.
  • a mathematical approximation method e.g., least squares method, interpolation method, or Norm
  • the experiment was performed to measure the flow rate when the water level is lowered 0.1m by filling only the water tank up to 1.85m in height based on the orifice, the results are shown in the graph of FIG.
  • the line in the graph is the theoretical result by Bernoulli's equation and the dot represents the actual measured value of the experiment. It can be seen that as the diameter of the orifice increases, the flow rate is smaller than the theoretical formula. This means that the flow loss occurs as much as the difference between the theoretical and experimental flow rates. This flow loss is a loss that occurs as the flow area suddenly shrinks as water is discharged through a small area orifice at the bottom of the large area tank.
  • Equation (4) The relationship between the diameter of the orifice and the measured flow velocity was set as an approximation function as shown in Equation (4) below through the least square method.
  • X-axis of Figure 10 is the diameter of the orifice
  • Y-axis is the loss coefficient (kc)
  • the point on the graph is the kc value obtained by inputting the measured flow rate in the above equation (3)
  • the line between the points using a mathematical approximation method Approximate function derived from Equation (4) The coefficient of crystal in equation (4) was 0.978, indicating a very high degree of goodness of fit.
  • the loss due to the abrupt reduction of the flow area is calculated by excluding the integer head from the calculated head. Therefore, the first loss factor (k c , or the first loss function) due to the abrupt reduction of the flow area is given by the following equation (5) same.
  • the method for calculating the head loss h l caused by the limestone layer and the head loss hb caused by the limestone partially blocking the orifice is to install the limestone layer with the perforated pipe installed, fill the water to a certain height, and then open the other hole. Measure the flow rate. Also repeat the experiment by changing the diameter of the orifice.
  • equation (6) regarding the head of loss is set by mathematically approximating the relationship between the diameter of the orifice and the velocity.
  • the head difference h is a fixed value, so the mathematical relationship between the orifice diameter and the flow rate can be solved mathematically.
  • the function of equation (6) includes both losses due to orifice reduction and losses due to limestone.
  • the loss head due to limestone is the limit value of the loss head (h c ) due to orifice reduction in Equation (6), and is represented by Equation (7) below.
  • Equations (8) and (9) were performed in the same manner as using the mathematical approximation method due to orifice reduction, and thus, a separate description is omitted (hereinafter, the third loss factor is the same).
  • the coefficient of crystal of the equation presented is 0.839, indicating good suitability.
  • the second loss factor (k p ) due to limestone was calculated by subtracting the first loss function of equation (5) from equation (9) as shown in equation (10) below.
  • the third loss coefficient (k s ) due to the sludge alone was calculated by subtracting the second loss function of equation (9) from the third loss function of equation (12) as shown in equation (13) below.
  • the head of loss due to limestone is classified by the limestone layer itself (h l ) and by the limestone due to the partial blockage of the orifice (h b ), and these are defined as hp, but after h p is obtained Can be obtained by separating them separately.
  • the sludge does not settle.
  • An orifice cover as shown in FIG. 11 is installed in the orifice so that water can pass through the orifice but not limestone.
  • the experiment is to fill the water and measure the flow rate according to the diameter of the orifice.
  • the change in flow velocity with diameter is calculated as an approximation function using a mathematical method. Since the orifice cover is used to eliminate losses due to partial blockage of the orifice, the above approximation function includes loss due to orifice shrinkage (h c ) and loss due to limestone layer (h l ), as shown in equation (14) below. will be.
  • the first loss coefficient (k c ) due to orifice reduction is obtained in the state where only the other pipe is installed in the water tank, and then the limestone is laid to obtain the second loss function (caused by the limestone and orifice reduction) ( k c + p ) and then subtract k c to calculate the second loss factor (k p ).
  • the third loss function (k c + p + s ) is calculated while the sludge is settled, and subtracting the second loss function (k c + p ) separately separates only the third loss coefficient (k s ) due to the sludge. You can get it.
  • the flow rate of the fluid discharged to the orifice can be calculated as in Equation (19) below.
  • V is summed up for V, it becomes Eq. (19), and it is defined as a flow rate function.
  • V [2 g ⁇ h t ⁇ (1 / (k c + k l + k b + k s ) ⁇ ] 1/2 ... equation (19)
  • the design of the flushing system is expected to contribute to the design of the flushing system by combining the water level (h t ) and the diameter of the orifice (loss factor is a function of the diameter d) in advance to predict the flow rate of the fluid through the orifice.
  • the flow rate estimating step 1) the concept of focusing on the flow rate discharged from the flushing system to the orifice and introducing the concept of head loss in hydrodynamics, and 2) the factors causing head loss in the SAPS-flushing system. Is classified into the above four, 3) the on-site experimental method to calculate the four head losses separately, and 4) to define the flow rate function of the fluid by integrating all the loss head This is very significant in that can be predicted in advance.
  • the SAPS When designing a flushing system, another important consideration along with the flow rate of the fluid is the spacing of the orifices.
  • the SAPS generally has an area of about 20 ⁇ 20 m 2 and a height of about 3 m. Optimal design of the spacing between orifices must be made to optimally express the flushing effect throughout the SAPS.
  • the present invention provides a method of designing the spacing between orifices for optimization of the entire flushing system, which starts from the calculation of the orifice influence radius. This will be described in detail below.
  • R i is the radius of influence of the orifice (m)
  • W s is the dry weight of the sludge discharged through the orifice (measured value, g)
  • n o is the number of orifices
  • ⁇ D is the distribution concentration of the sludge in the limestone layer ( g / m 3 ).
  • the right side is the dry mass to the concentration (mass / volume) of sludge in the mine drainage, so it eventually becomes volume. In other words, it is an item that estimates inversely from the mass of discharged sludge and estimates how much volume these sludge has been discharged from.
  • the left side of the above equation is the number of orifices multiplied by the volume of the sphere, which assumes the volume of the left side as the volume of the sphere.
  • the volume of the sphere is defined by the radius. Therefore, equation (20) for the above influence radius is expressed as the radius (R) of the area (sphere) covered by one orifice. Since the fluid suction pressure around the orifice is applied omnidirectionally around the orifice, it is reasonable to select the sphere of influence of the orifice as a sphere.
  • the radius of influence of the orifice means a radius when a 'sphere' is made of a mine drainage including sludge sucked into the orifice.
  • the actual mass measured is the dry mass of the sludge. Therefore, reflecting the concentration of the sludge in the mine drainage, it can be seen how large volume of the sludge discharged from the mine drainage.
  • the radius of influence is inversely estimated based on the amount of sludge discharged through the orifice, the area where the suction pressure of the orifice acts may not be a 'sphere'.
  • the orifice influence radius should be found as a tool concept for optimizing the sludge intake in the SAPS treatment tank according to the orifice diameter, rather than to accurately derive the area of the orifice suction pressure.
  • the orifice influence radius calculation calculates the weight by drying the sludge discharged through the orifice in the test tank, and then calculates the dry weight inversely to calculate the area or radius covered by the orifice. If a plurality of data are obtained through a plurality of experiments by changing the diameter of the orifice, a change in the radius of influence on the orifice diameter may be derived as an approximation function using a mathematical approximation.
  • the graph of Figure 15 shows the change in the radius of influence of the orifice with orifice spacing. Referring to the graph, it can be seen that the shorter the orifice distance indicates the longer orifice influence radius.
  • the orifices are closely adjacent, the areas where the suction pressure of the orifices are applied overlap each other.
  • the orifices are arranged on both sides of the sludge particles, the suction pressures in the different directions act on the sludge particles, so it is not easy to predict the influence radius.
  • the orifices are arranged in close proximity, the influence radius becomes larger, and it is understood that the suction pressure applied from each orifice acts as a force on the sludge and the pressure to suck the sludge becomes larger.
  • the flow rate of the fluid was derived as a function of the orifice diameter. It now provides a way to determine whether sludge can be discharged by the flow rate. Depending on the density and type of sludge settled in SAPS, there is a minimum flow rate to transport this sludge. This is called the 'minimum feed rate'. For minimum feed rates, Thomas proposed a calculation for a particle size less than 100 ⁇ m in 1979, and Oroskar & Turian suggested a formula for a particle size exceeding 100 ⁇ m in 1980 (notice of facts). Detailed description is omitted).
  • the researchers of the present invention developed the equipment to measure the feed rate of the sludge and performed the experiment. That is, as shown in FIG. 13, the sludge sample is introduced into the transparent tube and flowed while gradually increasing the flow rate, and the flow rate when the sludge is moved by the fluid is determined to determine the minimum feed rate. It is important to note that the minimum feed rate is not simply determined by the weight of the sludge.
  • the sludge precipitated in the SAPS is mainly iron hydroxide, which can be largely divided into fine precipitates, particulate precipitates and membrane structure precipitates depending on the form. Considering the weight alone, the smallest transport speed is expected to be the smallest, because the smallest transport speed is expected to be the smallest. This is because the weight of the membrane structure deposit is relatively large, but the thickness is thin and the surface area is wide so that the transport force of the fluid effectively acts on the membrane structure precipitate.
  • the reason for separately measuring the minimum feed rate according to the type of precipitate is to determine the reference value of the flow rate in the design of the flushing system in the present invention. That is, as shown in Table 2 above, there are various types of sludge in SAPS, so the test is performed on various samples to find the largest value of the minimum feed rate. If this value is determined as a reference value of the flow rate, and the fluid flow rate is designed to be larger than this reference value, all types of sludge in SAPS can be discharged to the outside when flushing.
  • the design diameter of the orifice is determined using the flow rate function according to the orifice diameter.
  • the orifice diameter is calculated using the flow rate function so that the flow rate of the fluid is equal to or greater than the reference value, and is determined as the first reference value.
  • the flow rate function may also set the first reference value for the diameter of the orifice in consideration of the thickness of the limestone layer (using the value of Eq. (17) for k l ).
  • the decision step of the present invention proposes an evaluation index of 'orifice flow capability (orifice flow capability)'.
  • the orifice flow capacity is expressed by the ratio of the orifice influence radius (R i ) according to the orifice diameter (d) as shown in equation (21) below.
  • the physical meaning of the flow capacity is the increase in the radius of influence of the orifice on the unit size of the orifice diameter, which is suitable for the calculation of the optimum orifice diameter. Units of orifice flow capacity are expressed dimensionlessly.
  • FIG. 16 is a graph showing the results of experiments on increasing the radius of influence of the orifice with respect to the orifice diameter following the previous experiment.
  • the graph shows the case with orifice cover installed.
  • the flow capacity tends to increase until the orifice diameter increases from 0.01 m to 0.02 m, but when it exceeds 0.02 m, the flow capacity decreases slightly.
  • the rate of change (tilt) of the flow capacity appears suddenly, but at some point, the rate of change increases, but the rate of change is slow.
  • the diameter of the orifice at the point where the inflection of the slope appears is the optimum diameter of the orifice.
  • This optimum diameter is determined as the second reference value for the orifice diameter.
  • the flow capacity may increase as the diameter increases after passing the inflection point.
  • the optimum diameter of the orifice at the inflection point that is, as the diameter of the orifice increases, the radius of influence of the orifice increases, but the discharge flow rate also increases. Since the perforated pipe or discharge pipe including the orifice has a limited discharge flow rate, as the diameter of the orifice increases, the number of orifices that the pipe can handle decreases. This does not mean that the size of the pipe can be increased.
  • the orifice diameter should be as small as possible, the radius of influence should be maximum, and the number of orifices should be large for more effective flushing. This in turn means that the diameter at the inflection point of the orifice flow capacity is the optimum diameter (second reference value).
  • the first reference value for the orifice diameter was determined based on the flow rate discharged through the orifice
  • the second reference value for the orifice diameter was determined based on the flow capacity of the orifice.
  • the final design diameter of the orifice is determined by the first reference value and the second reference value.
  • the first factor to consider among the two reference values is the first reference value. This is because the first-purpose sludge depleting of the flushing system is possible only if the flow rate is guaranteed above the threshold. Therefore, when the first reference value is larger than the second reference value, the final orifice design diameter is determined to be equal to or greater than the first reference value or the first reference value. When the first reference value is smaller than the second reference value, the second reference value is determined as the design diameter.
  • the orifice influence radius can be directly checked through the experiment, or the orifice influence radius can be sampled and the orifice influence radius can be calculated by setting the increase rate as an approximation function. Once the orifice influence radius is set, the spacing between the orifices is twice arithmetic optimal, but the natural phenomena are not mathematically consistent, leaving room for the final orifice design distance of approximately 1.5 of the orifice influence radius. It is decided by 2.5 times.
  • the flushing design method according to the present invention is expected to be applicable not only when newly designing the SAPS but also when introducing a new flushing system or remodeling the flushing system in the existing SAPS.
  • SAPS The biggest problem of SAPS is that the permeability is lowered by the sediment as the service life is extended, so that applying the scientifically designed flushing system according to the present invention can effectively remove the sludge, and it is expected that the utility of SAPS will be further increased. It is also expected that by setting the orifice spacing optimally, the most economical and efficient flushing system can be designed.
  • the orifice cover also shows a large difference in flow rate and orifice influence radius.
  • 17 is a result of the flow rate change experiment according to the orifice diameter before and after the installation of the orifice cover. Unlike the theoretical formulas (Blake & Plummer), the flow rate decreases as the orifice diameter increases, and the flow rate decrease is much smaller than when the orifice cover is not installed.
  • 18 shows the result of experimenting the orifice influence radius according to the orifice diameter before and after installing the orifice cover. As the orifice diameter increases and decreases, the radius of influence also increases, and the increase in the case of installing the orifice is much larger than in the case where the orifice is not provided.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de conception d'un système de rinçage. Le système de rinçage comprend un réseau comprenant une pluralité de tuyaux perforés qui sont installés au sein d'une couche de roche calcaire d'un système de production à alcalinité successive (Successive Alkalinity Producing System – SAPS) pour un traitement de drainage minier afin d'éliminer la boue déposée dans la couche de roche calcaire. La présente invention concerne un procédé pour calculer la vitesse de fluide lorsqu'un drainage minier traverse un trou d'un tuyau perforé dans un SAPS, et un procédé de conception d'un système de rinçage en utilisant le procédé de calcul de vitesse de fluide.
PCT/KR2016/003629 2015-08-06 2016-04-07 Procédé de calcul d'une vitesse de fluide dans un système de rinçage saps et procédé de conception d'un système de rinçage saps WO2017022927A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020150110875A KR101657471B1 (ko) 2015-08-06 2015-08-06 Saps-플러싱 시스템 내 유속산정방법
KR10-2015-0110877 2015-08-06
KR10-2015-0110875 2015-08-06
KR1020150110876A KR101657472B1 (ko) 2015-08-06 2015-08-06 Saps-플러싱 시스템 설계방법
KR1020150110877A KR101657473B1 (ko) 2015-08-06 2015-08-06 Saps-플러싱 시스템 설계방법
KR10-2015-0110876 2015-08-06

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CN108392983A (zh) * 2018-04-25 2018-08-14 苏州西热节能环保技术有限公司 一种具有防积灰导流作用的scr烟气脱硝装置
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CN108151791A (zh) * 2018-01-25 2018-06-12 上海水顿智能科技有限公司 一种分析管道淤积分布的方法
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CN113060813A (zh) * 2021-04-15 2021-07-02 四川大学 降低石灰石表面阻塞的酸性矿山废水处理系统及方法
CN117556742A (zh) * 2024-01-11 2024-02-13 交通运输部公路科学研究所 一种隧道排水管疏通用水力计算方法
CN117556742B (zh) * 2024-01-11 2024-04-30 交通运输部公路科学研究所 一种隧道排水管疏通用水力计算方法

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