WO2017016334A1 - 气动传感器及电子烟 - Google Patents

气动传感器及电子烟 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017016334A1
WO2017016334A1 PCT/CN2016/085450 CN2016085450W WO2017016334A1 WO 2017016334 A1 WO2017016334 A1 WO 2017016334A1 CN 2016085450 W CN2016085450 W CN 2016085450W WO 2017016334 A1 WO2017016334 A1 WO 2017016334A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pneumatic sensor
signal
friction member
film
electrode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/085450
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林同福
孙利佳
刁海丰
钟强
赵豪
徐传毅
孙晓雅
程驰
赵颖
邱霄
郝立星
Original Assignee
纳智源科技(唐山)有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201510450474.0A external-priority patent/CN105203139B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201520654128.XU external-priority patent/CN204947930U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201520819518.8U external-priority patent/CN205093592U/zh
Application filed by 纳智源科技(唐山)有限责任公司 filed Critical 纳智源科技(唐山)有限责任公司
Priority to US15/325,302 priority Critical patent/US20170219391A1/en
Publication of WO2017016334A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017016334A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/50Control or monitoring
    • A24F40/51Arrangement of sensors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • A24F40/48Fluid transfer means, e.g. pumps
    • A24F40/485Valves; Apertures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/42Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using fluid means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/04Friction generators
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/20Devices using solid inhalable precursors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of sensor technologies, and in particular, to a pneumatic sensor and an electronic cigarette using the same.
  • sensors based on various working principles, such as pressure sensors, temperature sensors and pneumatic sensors, which have been applied to all aspects of life and scientific research.
  • pneumatic sensors are used in electronic cigarettes.
  • Pneumatic sensors use airflow to generate electrical signals from the sensor.
  • the atomizer, the pneumatic sensor and the controller in the electronic cigarette are all disposed in the smoke passage.
  • the air flow in the smoke passage is driven by the user inhaling at the smoking end, so that the pneumatic sensor senses the air flow signal and triggers the controller to control the battery component to supply power to the atomizer and atomize the smoke oil into smoke, and the user passes through the smoke channel.
  • Suction the existing pneumatic sensor manufacturing process is complicated, the sensitivity and stability are poor, and it is also prone to false triggering by external vibration.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic sensor for simplifying the manufacturing process of the existing pneumatic sensor and improving the airflow to the first friction component in the pneumatic sensor.
  • the present invention provides a pneumatic sensor having an air inlet and an air outlet, the pneumatic sensor including: a first friction member, a housing, a second friction member, and a third friction member;
  • the housing has a hollow structure of a predetermined shape to form an air flow passage, and the air flow passage communicates with the air inlet and the air outlet, so that the airflow enters the air flow passage through the air inlet and flows out through the air outlet;
  • a first friction member is disposed in the air flow passage, and the second friction member and the third friction member are disposed at a position capable of contacting the first friction member;
  • the first friction component When the airflow enters the airflow passage through the air inlet, the first friction component respectively rubs against the second friction component and/or the third friction component due to the airflow and generates an electrical signal, and the second friction component and the third friction component include a pneumatic sensor Electrical signal output.
  • first friction member, the second friction member, and the third friction member constitute a totally enclosed frictional generator; the second friction member and the third friction member are collectively configured to surround the diaphragm of the closed cavity, and first The friction member is configured to be a fixed film inside the closed cavity; under external force, the contact friction between the diaphragm and the fixed film forms a friction interface; the diaphragm and/or the fixed film has a first electrode layer and/or a second The electrode layer; the first electrode layer and/or the second electrode layer is a fully enclosed friction generator output.
  • the pneumatic sensor may further include a signal processing system including: a signal preprocessing module connected to the electrical signal output end of the pneumatic sensor, and a signal control module connected to the signal preprocessing module; and a signal preprocessing module
  • a signal processing system including: a signal preprocessing module connected to the electrical signal output end of the pneumatic sensor, and a signal control module connected to the signal preprocessing module; and a signal preprocessing module
  • the output signal of the pneumatic sensor is collected, and the flag signal is obtained according to the comparison result of the output signal and the preset threshold
  • the signal control module is configured to receive the flag signal output by the signal preprocessing module, and analyze and process the flag signal. Trigger the working signal.
  • the invention also provides an electronic cigarette comprising the above pneumatic sensor.
  • the inside of the housing of the pneumatic sensor provided by the present invention is formed with an air flow passage, and the first friction member is disposed in the air flow passage, and when the airflow enters the air flow passage through the air inlet, the first friction member acts on the air flow and the second The friction member and/or the third friction member rub and generate an electrical signal.
  • the above-mentioned pneumatic sensor of the invention simplifies the manufacturing process of the pneumatic sensor, improves the driving force of the airflow to the first friction component in the pneumatic sensor, thereby improving the vibration frequency of the first friction component, and thereby effectively improving the vibration sensor Output voltage, sensitivity and stability.
  • the diaphragm is enclosed by a closed cavity, and the fixed film is inside the closed cavity, and the contact friction between the diaphragm and the fixed film forms a friction interface under the action of an external force; An electrode layer output signal formed on the diaphragm and/or the fixed film.
  • the friction generator in the above pneumatic sensor provided by the invention eliminates the traditional package and utilizes its own structure to prevent interference from the external environment (such as humidity), which not only has a simple manufacturing process but also saves cost.
  • the signal processing system performs signal acquisition, analysis and processing on the small signal outputted by the pneumatic sensor, so that the output trigger signal is more accurate and stable.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a first embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective structural view of a housing of a first embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective structural view of a friction member according to Embodiment 1 of the pneumatic sensor provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective structural view of a housing of a second embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective structural view of a housing of a third embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6a is a schematic perspective structural view of a housing of a fourth embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • 6b is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view of a hollow structure of a housing of a fourth embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7a is a schematic perspective structural view of a housing of a fifth embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7b is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view of a hollow structure of a housing of a fifth embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective structural view of a sixth embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9a is a top plan view of the housing of the sixth embodiment of the pneumatic sensor provided by the present invention.
  • 9b is a cross-sectional view of the housing of the sixth embodiment of the pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9c is a cross-sectional view showing another A-A of the housing of the sixth embodiment of the pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a three-dimensional structure of a housing and a friction member of a sixth embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective structural view of a housing of a seventh embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective structural view of a housing of a pneumatic sensor according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective structural view of a housing of a pneumatic sensor according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective structural view of a housing of a tenth embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing another structure of the friction member provided by the present invention.
  • 16 is a test diagram of a vibration frequency of a friction member of a sixth embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a test view of the vibration frequency of the friction member of the pneumatic sensor not provided with the air flow passage provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a test diagram of a vibration frequency of a friction member of a seventh embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a test diagram of a vibration frequency of a friction member of a pneumatic sensor according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic view showing a fully enclosed friction generator included in the pneumatic sensor provided by the present invention.
  • 21 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of a totally enclosed friction generator included in the pneumatic sensor provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a view showing still another embodiment of a totally enclosed friction generator included in the pneumatic sensor provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of a totally enclosed friction generator included in the pneumatic sensor provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a functional block diagram of an embodiment of a signal processing system included in a pneumatic sensor provided by the present invention.
  • the invention provides a pneumatic sensor having an air inlet and an air outlet, the pneumatic sensor comprising: a first friction component, a housing, a second friction component and a third friction component.
  • the housing has a hollow structure of a predetermined shape to form an air flow passage, and the air flow passage communicates with the air inlet and the air outlet so that the airflow enters the air flow passage through the air inlet and flows out through the air outlet.
  • the first friction member is disposed in the air flow passage, and the second friction member and the third friction member are disposed at positions that can be in contact with the first friction member.
  • the first friction component When the airflow enters the airflow passage through the air inlet, the first friction component respectively rubs against the second friction component and/or the third friction component due to the airflow and generates an electrical signal, and the second friction component and the third friction component include a pneumatic sensor Electrical signal output.
  • the hollow structure has an upper opening at the top of the casing and a lower opening at the bottom of the casing.
  • the present invention mainly provides two ways of providing an air inlet and an air outlet, and the first type is a second friction member partially covering the upper opening.
  • the air inlet, the third friction part partially covers the lower opening to form an air outlet;
  • the second type is the first opening of the air inlet opening at the boundary between the outer wall and the top of the casing, and the air outlet is opened at the boundary between the outer wall and the bottom of the casing
  • the second friction member partially covers the upper opening and does not cover the air inlet
  • the third friction member partially covers the lower opening and does not cover the air outlet, so that more airflow can be in and out per unit time.
  • Pneumatic sensor Further, in the second arrangement, the second friction member may be entirely covered with the upper opening, and the third friction member may entirely cover the lower opening.
  • the pneumatic sensor may further include: an upper cover body at the top of the housing and a lower cover body at the bottom of the housing.
  • the upper cover covers the second friction member, and the lower cover covers the third friction member.
  • the upper cover and the lower cover can also function as a shield.
  • the first friction member, the second friction member and the third friction member constitute at least one friction generator; wherein the friction generator is a three-layer structure, a four-layer structure, a five-layer structure or an intervening electrode structure, and the friction generator comprises at least a frictional composition Two opposite faces of the interface, the friction generator has at least two Output. At least one of the two opposing faces constituting the friction interface is provided with a micro/nano structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • the housing 102 has a hollow structure of a predetermined shape to form an air flow passage 105.
  • the hollow structure has an upper opening at the top of the housing 102, and a lower opening at the bottom of the housing 102.
  • the first electrode 103 partially covers the upper opening to form an air inlet 106
  • the second electrode 104 partially covers the lower opening to form an air outlet.
  • the air inlet 106 and the air outlet are oppositely disposed.
  • the air flow passage 105 communicates with the air inlet 106 and the air outlet so that the air flow enters the air flow passage 105 through the air inlet 106 and flows out through the air outlet.
  • the transverse cross section of the hollow structure is a flat-shaped structure, and the air inlet 106 and the air outlet are respectively located at the top of one end of the hollow structure and the bottom of the other end, and the longitudinal section of the hollow structure is close to the side of the air inlet 106.
  • the area is equal to the longitudinal cross-sectional area near the side of the air outlet, and the relative arrangement of the air inlet 106 and the air outlet contributes to the driving force of the airflow to the first friction member 101.
  • the first friction member 101 is disposed in the air flow passage 105. Since the first electrode 103 and the second electrode 104 partially cover the upper opening of the top of the housing 102 and the lower opening of the bottom portion, respectively, when the airflow enters the airflow passage 105 through the air inlet 106 At this time, the first friction member 101 rubs against the first electrode 103 and/or the second electrode 104 respectively due to the action of the airflow and generates an electrical signal, and the first electrode 103 and the second electrode 104 are electrical signal output ends of the pneumatic sensor.
  • the first electrode 103 and the second electrode 104 are respectively led out by the lead 108 and the lead 109.
  • This arrangement facilitates subsequent processing of the electrical signal generated by the pneumatic sensor.
  • leads may not Use leads, not limited here.
  • the first friction member 101 has a fixing portion 1011 and a friction portion 1012.
  • the fixing portion 1011 of the first friction member 101 is fixedly coupled to the housing 102, and the first friction member 101 The friction portion 1012 rubs against the first electrode 103 and/or the second electrode 104, respectively.
  • the first friction member 101 can be fixedly connected to the housing 102 in various ways, and can be set according to actual needs by a person skilled in the art, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • the pneumatic sensor in order to fix the first friction component 101 and the housing 102, the pneumatic sensor further includes a fixing member 111, and the housing 102 is provided with a recess 110.
  • the fixing member 111 is coupled to the fixing portion 1011 of the first friction member 101 and then inserted into the recess 110, thereby achieving a fixed connection between the first friction member 101 and the housing 102, and causing the airflow to flow in the airflow passage 105.
  • the plane in which the first friction members 101 are located is parallel. This arrangement increases the driving force of the airflow to the first friction member 101, thereby increasing the vibration frequency of the first friction member 101, and thereby effectively increasing the output voltage and sensitivity of the pneumatic sensor.
  • the first friction member 101 in this embodiment includes a first polymer layer, and in this case, the first polymer layer and the two surfaces opposite to the first electrode 103 and the second electrode 104 respectively constitute friction.
  • the first polymer layer rubs against the first electrode 103 and/or the second electrode 104 respectively under the action of the airflow to generate an electrical signal, so that the first The polymer layer (i.e., the first friction member 101), the first electrode 103 (i.e., the second friction member), and the second electrode 104 (i.e., the third friction member) collectively constitute a three-layer structure friction generator.
  • a micro-nano structure is provided on at least one of the two opposite faces of the first polymer 103 and the second electrode 104, respectively. Not shown), thereby causing more induced charges on the first electrode 103 and/or the second electrode 104.
  • the pneumatic sensor may further include an upper cover (not shown) at the top of the housing 102 and a lower cover (not shown) at the bottom of the housing 102.
  • the upper cover covers the first electrode 103, and the lower cover covers the second electrode 104.
  • the upper cover and the lower cover function to shield external interference and protect the internal structure of the pneumatic sensor.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a housing of a second embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • the pneumatic sensor of the second embodiment is different from the pneumatic sensor of the first embodiment in that the hollow structure is adjacent to the air inlet.
  • the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the side is larger than the longitudinal cross-sectional area near the side of the gas outlet.
  • a groove 210 is disposed on one end of the housing 202 near the air inlet, and a fixing member (not shown) After being coupled to the fixing portion (not shown) of the first friction member, it is embedded in the recess 210, thereby achieving a fixed connection of the first friction member with the housing 202 and causing the airflow to flow in the airflow passage 205.
  • Parallel to the plane of the first friction member. This arrangement helps to increase the driving force of the airflow to the first friction member, thereby increasing the vibration frequency of the first friction member and thereby increasing the output voltage and sensitivity of the pneumatic sensor.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective structural view of a housing of a third embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • the pneumatic sensor of the third embodiment is different from the pneumatic sensor of the first embodiment in that the hollow structure is adjacent to the air inlet side.
  • the longitudinal cross-sectional area is smaller than the longitudinal cross-sectional area near the side of the air outlet.
  • a recess 310 is disposed on one end of the housing 302 near the air inlet, and a fixing member (not shown) is coupled to the fixing portion (not shown) of the first friction member and then embedded in the recess 310, thereby A fixed connection of the first friction member to the housing 302 is achieved and the direction of flow of air within the airflow passage 305 is parallel to the plane of the first friction member.
  • This arrangement helps to increase the driving force of the airflow to the first friction member, thereby increasing the vibration frequency of the first friction member and thereby increasing the output voltage and sensitivity of the pneumatic sensor.
  • FIG. 6a is a perspective structural view of a housing of a fourth embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6b is a transverse cross-sectional view of the hollow structure of the housing of the fourth embodiment of the pneumatic sensor according to the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b.
  • the pneumatic sensor of the fourth embodiment is different from the pneumatic sensor of the first embodiment in that the transverse section of the hollow structure is an X-shaped structure, and the air inlet and the air outlet are located at diagonal positions of the hollow structure.
  • a fixing member (not shown) is coupled to the fixing portion (not shown) of the first friction member and then inserted into the recess 410, thereby achieving a fixed connection between the first friction member and the housing 402, and
  • the direction in which the airflow flows within the airflow passage 405 is at a predetermined angle to the plane of the first friction member. Wherein, the direction indicated by the arrow is the flow direction of the airflow in the airflow passage 405. As shown in FIG.
  • mapping position of the air inlet at the top of the housing in the transverse section of the hollow structure corresponds to the position a
  • the mapping position of the air outlet at the bottom of the housing in the transverse section of the hollow structure corresponds to the position b
  • FIG. 7a is a perspective structural view of a housing of a fifth embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7b is a transverse cross-sectional view of the hollow structure of the housing of the fifth embodiment of the pneumatic sensor according to the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b.
  • the pneumatic sensor of the fifth embodiment and the pneumatic sensor of the first embodiment The difference is that the transverse section of the hollow structure is a cross-shaped structure, and the air inlet and the air outlet are located at diagonal positions of the hollow structure.
  • a fixing member (not shown) is coupled to the fixing portion (not shown) of the first friction member and then inserted into the recess 510, thereby achieving a fixed connection between the first friction member and the housing 502, and
  • the direction of flow of air within the airflow passage 505 is perpendicular to the plane of the first friction member. Wherein, the direction indicated by the arrow is the flow direction of the airflow in the airflow passage 505. As shown in FIG.
  • mapping position of the air inlet at the top of the housing in the transverse section of the hollow structure corresponds to the position a
  • the mapping position of the air outlet at the bottom of the housing in the transverse section of the hollow structure corresponds to the position b
  • the hollow structure of the pneumatic sensor in the fourth embodiment and the fifth embodiment may be changed according to the manners of the second embodiment and the third embodiment, so that the hollow structure is close to the air inlet side.
  • the longitudinal cross-sectional area is larger or smaller than the longitudinal cross-sectional area near the side of the air outlet, thereby increasing the driving force of the airflow to the first friction member.
  • FIGS. 9a, 9b, and 9c are respectively a top view, a cross-sectional view of the AA, and another of the housing of the sixth embodiment of the pneumatic sensor provided by the present invention.
  • a cross-sectional view of the AA, FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view showing the combination of the housing and the friction member of the sixth embodiment of the pneumatic sensor provided by the present invention.
  • the pneumatic sensor includes a first friction member 601, a housing 602, a first electrode 603 (ie, a second friction member), and a second electrode 604 (ie, a third friction member).
  • the housing 602 has a hollow structure of a predetermined shape to form an air flow passage 605.
  • the hollow structure has an upper opening at the top of the housing 602 and a lower opening at the bottom of the housing 602, the air inlet 606 opening in a first region of the outer wall and the top of the housing 602 (as shown in Figure 9b or Figure 9c)
  • the upper right portion of the outer wall of the casing 602, the air outlet 607 is opened at a second region of the outer wall and the bottom of the casing 602 (the lower left portion of the outer wall of the casing 602 as shown in FIG. 9b or 9c), and the intake air Port 606 and air outlet 607 are oppositely disposed.
  • the first electrode 603 partially covers the upper opening and does not cover the air inlet 606, and the second electrode 604 partially covers the lower opening and does not cover the air outlet 607.
  • the air flow passage 605 communicates with the air inlet 606 and the air outlet 607 such that the air flow enters the air flow passage 605 through the air inlet 606 and flows out through the air outlet 607.
  • the longitudinal cross-sectional area near the side of the air inlet 606 is equal to the longitudinal cross-sectional area near the side of the air outlet 607, and the relative arrangement of the air inlet 606 and the air outlet 607 helps to increase the airflow to the first friction.
  • the first friction member 601 is disposed in the air flow passage 605. Since the first electrode 603 and the second electrode 604 partially cover the upper opening of the top of the housing 602 and the lower opening of the bottom portion, respectively, when the airflow enters the air flow passage 605 through the air inlet 606 The first friction member 601 is respectively rubbed with the first electrode 603 and/or the second electrode 604 by an air flow to generate an electrical signal, and the first electrode 603 and the second electrode 604 are electrical signal output ends of the pneumatic sensor.
  • the first friction member 601 of the pneumatic sensor of the sixth embodiment still employs the first friction member shown in FIG.
  • the first friction member has a fixing portion and a friction portion, wherein the fixing portion is fixedly coupled to the housing 602, and the friction portion is rubbed with the first electrode 603 and/or the second electrode 604.
  • the first electrode 603 and the second electrode 604 are respectively led out by the lead 608 and the lead 609. This arrangement facilitates subsequent processing of the electrical signal generated by the pneumatic sensor.
  • leads are not limited here.
  • FIGS. 9b and 9c show two ways of opening the air inlet 606 and the air outlet 607, wherein the air inlet 606 and the air outlet 607 shown in Fig. 9b are formed on the outer wall to form a slope having a certain inclination angle.
  • the air inlet 606 and the air outlet 607 shown in FIG. 9c are formed on the outer wall to form a horizontal surface.
  • the air inlet 606 and the air outlet 607 are oppositely arranged in FIGS. 9b and 9c. The airflow is increased to the driving force of the first friction member.
  • the pneumatic sensor further includes: a fixing member (such as the fixing member 111 in FIG. 3), and the housing 602 is provided with a groove 610.
  • the fixing member is coupled to the fixing portion of the first friction member 601 and then embedded in the recess 610, thereby achieving a fixed connection between the first friction member 601 and the housing 602, and the flow direction of the airflow in the airflow passage 605 is first
  • the plane of the friction member 601 is perpendicular. This arrangement increases the driving force of the airflow to the first friction member 601, thereby increasing the vibration frequency of the first friction member 601, and thereby effectively increasing the output voltage and sensitivity of the pneumatic sensor.
  • the first friction member 601 in this embodiment includes a first polymer layer, and in this case, the first polymer layer is opposite to the first electrode 603 and the second electrode 604, respectively.
  • first polymer layer ie, the first friction member 601
  • the first electrode 603 ie, the second friction member
  • the second electrode 604 ie, the third friction member
  • a micro/nano structure is provided on at least one of the two opposite faces of the first polymer layer and the second electrode 604, respectively. Not shown in the drawing), so that more induced charges are generated on the first electrode 603 and/or the second electrode 604.
  • the pneumatic sensor may further include an upper cover (not shown) at the top of the housing 602 and a lower cover (not shown) at the bottom of the housing 602.
  • the upper cover covers the first electrode 603, and the lower cover covers the second electrode 604.
  • the upper cover and the lower cover function to shield external interference and protect the internal structure of the pneumatic sensor.
  • the arrangement of the hollow structure of the pneumatic sensor in the sixth embodiment may be changed according to the manners of the second embodiment and the third embodiment, so that the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the hollow structure near the air inlet side is It is larger or smaller than the longitudinal cross-sectional area near the side of the air outlet, thereby increasing the driving force of the airflow to the first friction member.
  • the pneumatic sensor of the seventh embodiment of the present invention is different from the pneumatic sensor of the sixth embodiment in that the direction in which the airflow flows in the airflow passage is parallel to the plane in which the first friction member is located.
  • 11 is a perspective view showing a seventh embodiment of a housing of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention.
  • the air inlet 706 is opened in a first region of the outer wall and the top of the housing 702 (as shown in FIG. 11).
  • the upper right portion of the outer wall of the illustrated housing 702 the air outlet 707 is opened at a second region of the outer wall and the bottom of the housing 702 (the lower left portion of the outer wall of the housing 702 as shown in FIG. 11), and the air inlet 706 And the air outlet 707 is formed on the outer wall to form a horizontal plane, so that the airflow enters the airflow passage 705 through the air inlet 706 and flows out through the air outlet 707.
  • the first friction member of the pneumatic sensor in this embodiment still employs the first friction member shown in FIG.
  • the fixing member is coupled to the fixing portion of the first friction member and then inserted into the recess 710, thereby achieving a fixed connection between the first friction member and the housing 702, and flowing the airflow in the airflow passage 705 with the first friction member.
  • the plane is parallel. This arrangement helps to increase the driving force of the airflow to the first friction member, thereby increasing the vibration frequency of the first friction member and thereby increasing the output voltage and sensitivity of the pneumatic sensor.
  • the pneumatic sensor of the eighth embodiment of the present invention is different from the pneumatic sensor of the sixth embodiment in that the direction in which the airflow flows in the airflow passage is at a predetermined angle with the plane of the first friction member.
  • Figure 12 is The present invention provides a perspective view of the housing of the eighth embodiment of the pneumatic sensor. As shown in FIG. 12, the air inlet 806 is opened in a first region of the outer wall and the top of the housing 802 (such as the housing shown in FIG. The upper left portion of the outer wall of the body 802, the air outlet 807 is opened at a second region of the outer wall and the bottom of the casing 802 (the lower right portion of the outer wall of the casing 802 as shown in FIG.
  • the 807 is formed on the outer wall to form a slope having a certain inclination angle, so that the airflow enters the airflow passage 805 through the air inlet 806 and flows out through the air outlet 807.
  • the first friction member of the pneumatic sensor in this embodiment still employs the first friction member shown in FIG.
  • the fixing member is coupled to the fixing portion of the first friction member and then inserted into the recess 810, thereby achieving a fixed connection of the first friction member with the housing 802, and flowing the airflow in the airflow passage 805 with the first friction member.
  • the plane is at a preset angle. This arrangement helps to increase the driving force of the airflow to the first friction member, thereby increasing the vibration frequency of the first friction member, thereby increasing the output voltage and sensitivity of the pneumatic sensor.
  • the air flow passage may also include: a first air flow passage and a second air flow passage. Wherein the transverse cross-sectional area of the second air flow passage is larger than the transverse cross-sectional area of the first air flow passage, and the first friction member is disposed at a boundary between the first air flow passage and the second air flow passage.
  • the pneumatic sensor of the ninth embodiment of the present invention is based on the pneumatic sensor of the first embodiment, and the air flow passage is arranged to include the first air flow passage and the second air flow passage.
  • 13 is a perspective view of a housing of a pneumatic sensor according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13, the pneumatic sensor of Embodiment 9 is different from the pneumatic sensor of Embodiment 1 in that the airflow passage includes: a first airflow.
  • the channel 1051 and the second airflow channel 1052 wherein the transverse cross-sectional area of the second airflow channel 1052 is greater than the lateral cross-sectional area of the first airflow channel 1051, and the friction member is disposed at a boundary of the first airflow channel 1051 and the second airflow channel 1052.
  • the pneumatic sensor of the tenth embodiment provided by the present invention is based on the pneumatic sensor of the seventh embodiment, and the air flow passage is arranged to include the first air flow passage and the second air flow passage.
  • 14 is a perspective structural view of a housing of a tenth embodiment of a pneumatic sensor according to the present invention, as shown in FIG.
  • the pneumatic sensor of the tenth embodiment is different from the pneumatic sensor of the seventh embodiment in that the air flow channel comprises: a first air flow channel 7051 and a second air flow channel 7052, wherein the transverse airflow path of the second air flow channel 7052 is larger than that of the first air flow channel 7051.
  • the transverse cross-sectional area, the friction member is disposed at a boundary of the first air flow passage 7051 and the second air flow passage 7052.
  • the arrangement of the hollow structures of the pneumatic sensors in the seventh embodiment, the eighth embodiment, the ninth embodiment and the tenth embodiment can be changed in the manner of the second embodiment and the third embodiment.
  • the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the hollow structure near the side of the air inlet is larger or smaller than the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the side close to the air outlet, thereby increasing the driving force of the airflow to the first friction member.
  • the shape of the first friction member may also be a trapezoidal shape as shown in FIG. 15 , and the shape of the first friction member may be set according to actual needs by a person skilled in the art, which is not specifically limited herein. .
  • the material of the first electrode, the second electrode and the intervening electrode in all the above embodiments may be selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, graphene, silver nanowire film, metal or alloy.
  • the metal is gold, silver, platinum, palladium, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium, tin, iron, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium;
  • the alloy is aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, niobium alloy, copper alloy, Zinc alloy, manganese alloy, nickel alloy, lead alloy, tin alloy, cadmium alloy, niobium alloy, indium alloy, gallium alloy, tungsten alloy, molybdenum alloy, niobium alloy or niobium alloy.
  • the materials of the first polymer layer or the second polymer layer in all the above embodiments are respectively selected from the group consisting of a polydimethylsiloxane film, a polyimide film, a polyvinylidene fluoride film, and an aniline formaldehyde.
  • Resin film polyoxymethylene film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamine formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellulose film, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene adipate Film, diallyl phthalate film, fiber sponge film, polyurethane elastomer film, styrene propylene copolymer film, styrene butadiene copolymer film, rayon film, polymethyl film, methacrylic acid Ester film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutylene film, polyurethane flexible sponge film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polyvinyl butyral film, formaldehyde phenol film, neoprene film, D Diene propylene copolymer film, natural rubber film, poly One of an acrylonitrile film, an acrylonitrile vinyl chloride film, and a polyvinyl propylene glycol carbonate film.
  • the first friction member, the second friction member and the third friction member may also be combined to form a four-layer structure, a five-layer inter-electrode structure friction generator. Or a superposed structure of a plurality of friction generators.
  • the first friction member includes a first polymer layer and a second polymer layer
  • the second polymer layer is disposed on the surface of the first polymer layer opposite to the second electrode, the first high
  • the two faces of the molecular polymer layer opposite to the first electrode and/or the two faces of the second polymer layer opposite to the second electrode and/or the first polymer and the second polymer layer are opposite The two faces form a friction interface.
  • the first polymer layer and the second polymer layer ie, the first friction member
  • the first electrode ie, the second friction member
  • the second electrode ie, the third friction member
  • at least one of the two opposite faces constituting the friction interface may be provided with a micro/nano structure to induce more charges on the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • the first friction member includes an intermediate electrode
  • the second friction member includes a first electrode and a first polymer layer which are sequentially stacked
  • the third friction member includes a second electrode and a second polymer which are sequentially stacked.
  • the two faces of the first polymer layer opposite to the intervening electrode and/or the two faces of the second polymer layer and the intervening electrode constitute a friction interface.
  • the first friction member, the second friction member and the third friction member together constitute a friction generator of the intermediate electrode structure.
  • at least one of the two opposite faces constituting the friction interface may be provided with a micro/nano structure to induce more charges on the first electrode, the second electrode and the intervening electrode.
  • the pneumatic sensor embodiments 6 to 8 and the pneumatic sensor not provided with the air passage provided by the present invention are provided in the room temperature and the room pressure environment. Conduct a comparative test.
  • FIG. 16 is a vibration frequency of a friction member of a pneumatic sensor according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention
  • Test chart, Fig. 17 is a test chart of the vibration frequency of the friction member of the pneumatic sensor in which the air flow passage provided by the present invention is not provided.
  • the first friction member of the pneumatic sensor of the sixth embodiment has a vibration frequency of 1800 Hz.
  • the output voltage of the pneumatic sensor of the sixth embodiment is tested to be 2.0 volts.
  • the vibration frequency of the friction member of the pneumatic sensor not provided with the air flow passage provided by the present invention is several hundred hertz, and the output voltage of the tested pneumatic sensor is usually several hundred millivolts.
  • the pneumatic sensor of the sixth embodiment provided by the present invention can effectively improve the vibration frequency of the first friction member and can increase the output voltage of the pneumatic sensor, and is additionally compared with the pneumatic sensor not provided with the air flow passage provided by the present invention.
  • the output voltage of the pneumatic sensor of the sixth embodiment is more stable.
  • FIG. 18 is a test diagram of a vibration frequency of a friction member of a pneumatic sensor according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 18, the vibration frequency of the friction member of the pneumatic sensor of Embodiment 7 is 2000 Hz, and further, it is tested. The pneumatic sensor of the seventh embodiment has an output voltage of up to 3.0 volts.
  • Figure 19 is a test view of the vibration frequency of the friction member of the pneumatic sensor according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 18, the vibration frequency of the friction member of the pneumatic sensor of the eighth embodiment is 1400 Hz, and is further tested.
  • the pneumatic sensor of Example 8 has an output voltage of up to 3.0 volts, and it was found during testing that the output voltage of the pneumatic sensor of the eighth embodiment can reach 7-8 volts when the airflow is large. It can be seen that the pneumatic sensors of the seventh embodiment and the eighth embodiment provided by the present invention can effectively improve the vibration frequency of the first friction component, and can improve the output voltage of the pneumatic sensor, and the airflow channel provided by the present invention is not provided. Compared with the pneumatic sensor, the output voltages of the pneumatic sensors of the second embodiment and the third embodiment are more stable.
  • the vibration frequency and the output voltage of the first friction member of the pneumatic sensor provided by the present invention are closely related to the width of the air flow passage, the thickness, the width and the length of the first friction member. Those skilled in the art can appropriately change the above technical parameters of the pneumatic sensor according to different needs to change the vibration frequency and the output voltage of the friction component of the pneumatic sensor.
  • an air flow passage is formed in the interior of the housing, and the first friction member is disposed in the air flow passage.
  • the first friction member is respectively caused by the air flow.
  • the two friction members and/or the third friction member rub and generate an electrical signal.
  • the above-mentioned pneumatic sensor of the invention simplifies the manufacturing process of the existing pneumatic sensor and improves the airflow pair The driving force of the first friction member in the pneumatic sensor, thereby increasing the vibration frequency of the first friction member, and thereby effectively increasing the output voltage, sensitivity and stability of the pneumatic sensor.
  • the fully enclosed frictional generator comprising the first friction component, the second friction component and the third friction component comprises: a diaphragm surrounding the closed cavity and a fixed film inside the closed cavity; under external force The contact friction between the diaphragm and the fixed film forms a friction interface; the diaphragm is provided with a first electrode layer and/or a second electrode layer; and the first electrode layer and/or the second electrode layer is a fully enclosed friction generator Signal output.
  • the diaphragm is composed of a first diaphragm and a second diaphragm, and the ends of the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm are bonded to each other to form a closed cavity; in addition, the diaphragm may also be an integral structure.
  • the fully enclosed friction generator can adopt the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer as its electrical signal output end; at the same time, any one of the electrode layers and an external circuit capable of forming a potential difference can be used as the fully enclosed type.
  • the electrical signal output end of the friction generator is not limited here.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic illustration of a hermetic friction generator provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the totally enclosed frictional generator comprises: a diaphragm 101' enclosing a closed cavity and a fixed film 102' inside the closed cavity; under the action of an external force, the diaphragm 101' The contact friction between the films 102' forms a frictional interface; the outer surface of the diaphragm 101' is formed with a first electrode layer 103' and a second electrode layer 104', and the first electrode layer 103' and the second electrode layer 104' are not in contact with each other.
  • the first electrode layer 103' and/or the second electrode layer 104' is an electrical signal output of a totally enclosed friction generator.
  • the diaphragm 101' is composed of a first diaphragm 1011' and a second diaphragm 1012', and the ends of the first diaphragm 1011' and the second diaphragm 1012' are bonded to each other to form a closed type.
  • the distance from the first diaphragm 1011' to the fixed film 102' may be equal to or different from the distance from the second diaphragm 1012' to the fixed film 102', but in order to be in the first electrode layer 103'
  • the second electrode layer 104' is used as the electrical signal output end of the totally enclosed friction generator, respectively, the potential difference between the first electrode layer 103' and the second electrode layer 104' is increased, preferably the first diaphragm 1011' is The distance of the fixed film 102' is not equal to the distance from the second diaphragm 1012' to the fixed film 102'.
  • the materials of the diaphragm 101' and the fixed film 102' are both high molecular polymer materials;
  • the material selected for the first diaphragm 1011', the second diaphragm 1012', and the fixed film 102' may be the same or different, and may be the same as any two, and those skilled in the art may select according to requirements. It is not limited here; in order to increase the effect of the frictional power generation, the contact friction between the first diaphragm 1011' and the second diaphragm 1012' and the fixed diaphragm 102' respectively generates more electric charge, thereby causing the first electrode layer 103.
  • the 'and the second electrode layer 104' induce more charge, and it is preferable that the materials selected for the first diaphragm 1011', the second diaphragm 1012', and the fixed film 102' are different.
  • a support member 105' is further disposed on the outside of the closed cavity, and the diaphragm 101' and the fixed film 102' are both fixed on the support member 105'; wherein the support member 105' may be an acrylic rod, a glass rod, or a stainless steel
  • the rod, the ceramic rod or the alloy rod may also be a rod made of a strong polymer material or other rod having mechanical rigid support, which is not limited herein.
  • the working principle of the totally enclosed friction generator provided in this embodiment is: when the diaphragm 101' is subjected to an external force, between the first diaphragm 1011' and the fixed film 102', the second diaphragm 1012' and the fixed film 102 The friction between the two generates electric charges, resulting in a potential difference between the first electrode layer 103' and the second electrode layer 104'.
  • the distance between the first diaphragm 1011', the second diaphragm 1012' and the fixed film 102' is not equal, unequal charges are induced in the first electrode layer 103' and the second electrode layer 104', resulting in The potential difference between the first electrode layer 103' and the second electrode layer 104' is increased to improve the effect of frictional power generation.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic illustration of a hermetic friction generator provided in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 21 differs from the embodiment shown in Fig. 20 in that the fixed film comprises two layers of polymer layers (first polymer layer and second polymer layer, respectively).
  • the fixed film includes a first polymer layer 2021' and a second polymer layer 2022'.
  • the materials selected for the first diaphragm 1011', the second diaphragm 1012', the first polymer layer 2021', and the second polymer layer 2022' may be the same or different, and may be any two. The same as the three, the person skilled in the art can select according to the need, which is not limited herein; in order to increase the effect of the friction power generation, the first diaphragm 1011' and the first polymer layer 2021' and the second vibration
  • the contact friction between the film 1012' and the second polymer layer 2022' generates more charges, thereby causing the first electrode layer 103' and the second electrode layer 104' to induce more charges, preferably the first polymer.
  • the polymer layer 2021' is different from the material selected for the second polymer layer 2022'.
  • the diaphragm in the embodiment shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 may also be a unitary structure, and the outer surface of the diaphragm is formed with a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, first The electrode layer and the second electrode layer are not in contact with each other. Specifically, when the diaphragm is subjected to an external force, the diaphragm and the stator film rub against each other to generate electric charges, and respectively induce charges on the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, thereby further forming the first electrode layer and the second electrode. A potential difference is generated between the layers.
  • the materials selected for the multilayer high-molecular polymer layer may be the same or different, or may be the same of any two, and those skilled in the art may select according to needs. It is not limited herein; in order to increase the effect of frictional power generation, it is preferred that the two layers of the polymer layer forming the friction interface are different in material selected.
  • first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in all the above embodiments may be formed on the inner side surface of the diaphragm, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are not in contact with each other, specifically, when the diaphragm is subjected to an external force
  • the contact friction between the first electrode layer and the fixed film and between the second electrode layer and the fixed film forms a frictional interface, thereby generating a potential difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • the fixed film includes a multilayered high molecular polymer layer, in order to increase the effect of frictional power generation, it is preferred that the two layers of the polymer layer forming the friction interface are different in material selected.
  • the first electrode layer in all the above embodiments may be formed on the inner side surface of the diaphragm, and the second electrode layer may be formed on the outer side surface of the diaphragm, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are not in contact with each other, specifically When the diaphragm is subjected to an external force, the contact friction between the first electrode layer and the fixed film and between the diaphragm and the fixed film forms a friction interface, thereby generating a potential difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • the first electrode layer may be formed on the outer side surface of the diaphragm, and the second electrode layer is formed on the inner side surface of the diaphragm.
  • the second electrode layer Contact friction with the stationary film forms a frictional interface, which in turn creates a potential difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic illustration of a totally enclosed friction generator provided in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the totally enclosed frictional generator comprises: a diaphragm 301' enclosing a closed cavity and a fixed film inside the closed cavity; under the action of an external force, the diaphragm 301' and the fixed film The contact friction forms a friction interface; wherein the fixed film is the first electrode layer 302', and the outer surface of the diaphragm 301' is formed with the second electrode layer 303', and the first electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303' are not mutually Contact; the first electrode layer 302' and/or the second electrode layer 303' is an electrical signal output of a fully enclosed friction generator.
  • the diaphragm 301' is composed of a first diaphragm 3011' and a second diaphragm 3012', and the ends of the first diaphragm 3011' and the second diaphragm 3012' are bonded to each other to form a closed type. Cavity.
  • the distance from the first diaphragm 3011' to the fixed film and the distance from the second diaphragm 3012' to the fixed film may be equal or not equal, but for the first electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303'.
  • the potential difference between the first electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303' is increased, preferably the distance from the first diaphragm 3011' to the fixed film and the second The distance from the diaphragm 3012' to the fixed film is not equal.
  • the materials selected for the first diaphragm 3011' and the second diaphragm 3012' may be the same or different, and those skilled in the art may select according to requirements, which is not limited herein; in order to increase the effect of friction power generation, The contact friction between the first diaphragm 3011' and the second diaphragm 3012' and the fixed film respectively generates more electric charges, thereby causing the first electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303' to induce more electric charges, preferably The first diaphragm 3011' is different from the material selected for the second diaphragm 3012'.
  • the second electrode layer 303 ′ in the embodiment is an integral electrode layer, which is completely coated on the outer surface of the diaphragm 301 ′; thus the second electrode layer 303 ′ is disposed not only to the second electrode layer 303
  • the second electrode layer 303' may be divided into a plurality of portions, which are respectively disposed on the outer surface of the diaphragm 301'.
  • the second electrode layer 303' is divided into two parts, which are respectively disposed on the first vibration.
  • the outer surface of the membrane 3011' and the second diaphragm 3012' are used as the shielding layer of the fully enclosed friction generator, which has the effect of self-shielding, prevents the interference of external electrical signals, simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces The cost.
  • the second electrode layer 303' may be divided into a plurality of portions, which are respectively disposed on the outer surface of the diaphragm 301'.
  • the second electrode layer 303' is divided into two parts, which are respectively disposed on the first
  • a support member 304' is provided on the outside of the closed cavity, and the diaphragm 301' and the fixed film are both provided.
  • the supporting rod is not limited here.
  • the working principle of the totally enclosed friction generator provided in this embodiment is: when the diaphragm 301' is subjected to an external force, between the first diaphragm 3011' and the first electrode layer 302', the second diaphragm 3012' and the first The friction between the electrode layers 302' generates electric charges, resulting in a potential difference between the first electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303'.
  • the first electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303' induce unequal charges, resulting in the first The potential difference between the electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303' is increased, which improves the effect of frictional power generation.
  • the second electrode layer may also be disposed on the inner side surface of the diaphragm, but it must be ensured that the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are not in contact with each other. Specifically, when the diaphragm is subjected to an external force, the contact friction between the first electrode layer and the diaphragm forms a frictional interface, thereby generating a potential difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic illustration of a hermetic friction generator provided in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the totally enclosed frictional generator includes: a diaphragm 301' enclosing a closed cavity; and a fixed film inside the closed cavity; the fixed film comprises a first polymer laminated in sequence The layer 405', the first electrode layer 302' and the second polymer layer 406'; the outer surface of the diaphragm 301' is formed with a second electrode layer 303', a first electrode layer 302' and a second electrode layer 303'
  • the two sides are not in contact with each other; under the action of external force, the contact friction between the diaphragm 301' and the fixed film forms a frictional interface; that is, the first high polymer layer 405' and the first diaphragm 3011' are the second highest.
  • the contact friction between the molecular polymer layer 406' and the second diaphragm 3012' forms a friction interface; in order to increase the effect of frictional power generation, the materials of the first polymer layer 405' and the second polymer layer 406' are preferred. different.
  • the diaphragm 301' is composed of a first diaphragm 3011' and a second diaphragm 3012', The ends of a diaphragm 3011' and the second diaphragm 3012' are bonded to each other to form a cavity.
  • the distance from the first diaphragm 3011' to the fixed film and the distance from the second diaphragm 3012' to the fixed film may be equal or not equal, but for the first electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303'.
  • the potential difference between the first electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303' is increased, preferably the distance from the first diaphragm 3011' to the fixed film and the second The distance from the diaphragm 3012' to the fixed film is not equal.
  • the second electrode layer 303' may be divided into a plurality of portions which are respectively disposed on the outer side surface of the diaphragm 301'. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the second electrode layer 303' is divided into two portions which are respectively disposed on the outer side surfaces of the first diaphragm 3011' and the second diaphragm 3012'.
  • the second electrode layer 303 ′ may also be an integral electrode layer completely covered on the outer surface of the diaphragm 301 ′; thus the second electrode layer 303 ′ is configured not only to completely seal the second electrode layer 303 ′
  • the electric signal output end of the friction generator can also be used as a shielding layer of the fully enclosed friction generator, which has the effect of self-shielding, prevents interference of external electrical signals, simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces the cost.
  • a support member 304' is further disposed on the outside of the closed cavity, and the diaphragm 301' and the fixed film are fixed on the support member 304'; wherein the support member 304' may be an acrylic rod, a glass rod, a stainless steel rod,
  • the ceramic rod or the alloy rod may also be a rod made of a strong polymer material or other rods having mechanical rigid support, which is not limited herein.
  • the working principle of the fully enclosed friction generator provided in this embodiment is: when the diaphragm 301 ′ is subjected to an external force, between the first diaphragm 3011 ′ and the first polymer layer 405 ′, the second diaphragm 3012 The friction with the second polymer layer 406' generates a charge, thereby causing a potential difference between the first electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303'.
  • the electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303' induce unequal charges, resulting in a potential difference between the first electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303' Increased and improved the effect of friction power generation.
  • the second electrode layer 303' may also be disposed on the inner side surface of the diaphragm, and the first electrode layer 302' and the second electrode layer 303' are not in contact with each other.
  • a frictional interface is formed between the contact between the second polymer layer 405' and the second electrode layer 303' and the second polymer layer 406' and the second electrode layer 303'.
  • diaphragm in the above embodiment may be a unitary structure.
  • Figure 24 is a functional block diagram of an embodiment of a signal processing system included in a pneumatic sensor provided by the present invention. As shown in FIG. 24, the signal processing system includes a signal pre-processing module 11 and a signal control module 12.
  • the signal pre-processing module 11 is connected to the electrical signal output end of the pneumatic sensor 10 for collecting the output signal of the pneumatic sensor 10, and obtaining a flag signal according to the comparison result of the output signal and the preset threshold.
  • the signal pre-processing module 11 samples the output signal for the characteristics of the output signal of the pneumatic sensor 10.
  • Pneumatic sensors generally have a small output current and a large output voltage, so they can be sampled according to the voltage signal.
  • the signal pre-processing module 11 includes a voltage signal sampling unit 11a for collecting an output signal of the pneumatic sensor 10, and comparing the voltage of the output signal with a preset voltage threshold. If the voltage of the output signal is lower than a preset voltage threshold, Then, a low level flag bit signal is obtained; if the output signal voltage is higher than or equal to the preset voltage threshold value, a high level flag bit signal is obtained.
  • the preset voltage threshold is set to 100 mv, the voltage of the output signal is lower than the value, and the low level flag signal is output; above or equal to the value, the high level flag signal is output.
  • the output signal may also be sampled by frequency selection.
  • the signal pre-processing module 11 may include a frequency signal sampling unit 11b for collecting the output signal of the pneumatic sensor 10, and the frequency of the output signal and the preset frequency. The range is compared. If the frequency of the output signal belongs to the preset frequency range, a high level flag bit signal is obtained; if the frequency of the output signal does not belong to the preset frequency range, a low level flag bit signal is obtained.
  • the signal pre-processing module 11 includes both a voltage signal sampling unit 11a and a frequency signal sampling unit 11b, and the voltage signal sampling unit 11a is for setting the voltage of the output signal with a preset. The voltage threshold is compared, and the frequency signal sampling unit 11b is for comparing the frequency of the output signal with a preset frequency range.
  • a high level flag signal is obtained; if the output signal voltage is lower than the preset voltage threshold and/or the output signal If the frequency does not belong to the preset frequency range, a low level flag signal is obtained.
  • the voltage of the output signal is lower than the preset voltage threshold and the frequency of the output signal belongs to the preset frequency range, the voltage of the output signal is higher than or equal to the preset voltage threshold, and the frequency of the output signal does not belong to the preset frequency range, or the output
  • a low level flag signal is obtained.
  • the voltage and frequency are sampled, so that the accuracy of the whole signal processing system is improved, and the false alarm rate is reduced, which improves the stability of the whole system.
  • the signal control module 12 is configured to receive the flag bit signal output by the signal pre-processing module 11, and obtain a trigger working signal by performing analysis processing on the flag bit signal.
  • the signal control module 12 performs an analysis process on the flag bit signal, and obtains a trigger operation signal when the flag bit signal is analyzed as a high level flag bit signal, and the trigger operation signal is used to trigger a subsequent work program to work.
  • the triggering work signal outputted by the signal control module 12 is used to trigger the atomizer of the electronic cigarette to work, so that the smoke oil next to it is volatilized to generate smoke for the user to use.
  • the triggering work signal is further obtained according to the duration of the high level flag signal. If the duration of the high level flag signal is too short, such as an instantaneous high level, it is not necessary to output the trigger operation signal.
  • the signal processing system provided by the present invention may further include: a signal display module 13 connected to the signal control module 12 for displaying the working state of the pneumatic sensor according to the triggering work signal.
  • the signal display module 13 can be an LED light or a display screen. When the magnitude of the output signal of the pneumatic sensor is different, the signal display module 13 can display according to the analysis result of the signal control module 12, and intuitively feedback the working state to the user.
  • the signal display module 12 can also display a voltage sampling mode, or a frequency sampling mode, or a voltage and frequency sampling mode for the output signal.
  • the signal processing system provided by the present invention may further include: a power supply module 14 for supplying power to the signal pre-processing module 11, the signal control module 12, and the signal display module 13.
  • Power supply module 14 is optional Lithium battery or rechargeable charging module, charging method can use USB charging, Bluetooth wireless charging and so on.
  • the above modules for collecting, analyzing and processing signals according to the present invention can be integrated into a one-piece structure and a discrete structure.
  • the one-piece structure is a chip based on an ASIC-based integrated circuit, and the signal pre-processing module, the signal control module, the signal display module, and the power supply module are integrated in one chip.
  • the signal pre-processing module, the signal control module, the signal display module, and the power supply module are integrated in one chip.
  • it has the advantages of smaller size, lighter weight, lower power consumption, improved reliability, improved performance, enhanced confidentiality and reduced cost.
  • the discrete structure realizes the signal acquisition, analysis and processing by selecting the micro single-chip microcomputer, that is, the signal pre-processing module and the signal control module are integrated in the micro-single-chip microcomputer, and the whole signal processing system is realized by the external power supply module.
  • the above pneumatic sensor provided by the invention can be applied to an electronic cigarette, the electronic cigarette comprises: a chimney main body and a cigarette holder, the cigarette holder is disposed at one end of the chimney main body; the chimney body is internally provided with a pneumatic sensor, and the battery assembly, the control circuit board and the mist are further provided
  • the air inlet is provided on the main body of the chimney; the battery assembly supplies power to the control circuit board and the atomizer, the control circuit board is connected with the signal processing system and the atomizer; and the pneumatic sensor is located in the ventilation passage communicating with the air inlet and the cigarette holder.
  • the signal processing system designed for the signal of the pneumatic sensor provides the signal acquisition, analysis and processing of the small signal output by the pneumatic sensor, so that the output trigger signal is more accurate and stable.

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Abstract

一种气动传感器,具有进气口(106)和出气口,该气动传感器包括:第一摩擦部件(101)、壳体(102)、第二摩擦部件(103)和第三摩擦部件(104);其中,壳体(102)具有预设形状的中空结构以形成气流通道(105),气流通道(105)与进气口(106)和出气口连通,以使气流通过进气口(106)进入气流通道(105)并通过出气口流出;第一摩擦部件(101)设置在气流通道(105)内,第二和第三摩擦部件(103,104)设置在能与第一摩擦部件(101)接触的位置;第二和第三摩擦部件(103,104)包括气动传感器的电信号输出端。

Description

气动传感器及电子烟
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求于2015年7月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为201510450474.0、名称为“气动传感器”的中国专利申请、于2015年8月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为201520654128.X、名称为“全封闭式摩擦发电机及气动传感器”的中国专利申请以及于2015年10月21日提交中国专利局、申请号为201520819518.8、名称为“信号处理系统及应用其的电子烟”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及传感器技术领域,具体涉及一种气动传感器以及应用该气动传感器的电子烟。
背景技术
随着科技及人们生活需求的不断发展,人们研制出了基于各种工作原理的传感器,例如,压力传感器、温度传感器和气动传感器等,这些传感器被应用到了生活和科研中的各个方面。比如,气动传感器被应用到了电子烟中。
气动传感器是利用气流而使传感器产生电信号。在现有技术中,电子烟中的雾化器、气动传感器和控制器都设置在烟雾通道中。通过用户在吸烟端进行吸气而带动烟雾通道内的空气流动,使气动传感器感应到气流信号而触发控制器控制电池组件给雾化器供电并将烟油雾化为烟雾,通过烟雾通道供用户吸用。然而现有的气动传感器制作工艺复杂,灵敏度和稳定性较差,还容易出现受外界振动误触发的情况。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的是针对现有技术的缺陷,提供一种气动传感器,用于简化现有气动传感器的制作工艺,提高气流对气动传感器中的第一摩擦部件 的驱动力,并进而提高气动传感器工作的灵敏度和稳定性。
本发明提供一种气动传感器,具有进气口和出气口,该气动传感器包括:第一摩擦部件、壳体、第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件;其中,
壳体具有预设形状的中空结构以形成气流通道,气流通道与进气口和出气口连通,以使气流通过进气口进入气流通道并通过出气口流出;
第一摩擦部件设置在气流通道内,第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件设置在能与第一摩擦部件接触的位置;
当气流通过进气口进入气流通道时,第一摩擦部件因气流作用分别与第二摩擦部件和/或第三摩擦部件摩擦并产生电信号,第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件包括气动传感器的电信号输出端。
另外,第一摩擦部件、第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件构成全封闭式摩擦发电机;第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件被共同配置为围成封闭式空腔的振膜,以及第一摩擦部件被配置为处于封闭式空腔内部的定膜;在外力作用下,振膜与定膜之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面;振膜和/或定膜具有第一电极层和/或第二电极层;第一电极层和/或第二电极层为全封闭式摩擦发电机输出端。
此外,气动传感器还可以包括信号处理系统,该信号处理系统包括:与气动传感器的电信号输出端连接的信号预处理模块,以及与信号预处理模块连接的信号控制模块;信号预处理模块,用于采集气动传感器的输出信号,根据输出信号与预设阈值的比较结果,得到标志位信号;信号控制模块,用于接收信号预处理模块输出的标志位信号,通过对标志位信号进行分析处理得到触发工作信号。
本发明还提供一种电子烟,该电子烟包括上述气动传感器。
本发明提供的上述气动传感器的壳体的内部形成有气流通道,并将第一摩擦部件设置在气流通道内,当气流通过进气口进入气流通道时,第一摩擦部件因气流作用与第二摩擦部件和/或第三摩擦部件摩擦并产生电信号。本发明的上述气动传感器简化了气动传感器的制作工艺,提高了气流对气动传感器中的第一摩擦部件的驱动力,从而提高了第一摩擦部件的振动频率,并进而有效地提高了气动传感器的输出电压、灵敏度和稳定性。
另外,根据本发明提供的上述气动传感器,其中,振膜围成封闭式空腔,定膜处于封闭式空腔内部,在外力作用下,振膜与定膜之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面;利用形成在振膜和/或定膜上的电极层输出信号。本发明提供的上述气动传感器中的摩擦发电机省去了传统的封装件,利用自身的结构,起到防止外界环境(如湿度)干扰的作用,不仅制作工艺简单,而且节约了成本。
另外,根据本发明提供的上述气动传感器,其中的信号处理系统对气动传感器输出的微小信号进行信号的采集、分析和处理,使得输出的触发工作信号更为准确、稳定。
附图概述
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中:
图1为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例一的立体结构示意图;
图2为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例一的壳体的立体结构示意图;
图3为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例一的摩擦部件的立体结构示意图;
图4为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例二的壳体的立体结构示意图;
图5为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例三的壳体的立体结构示意图;
图6a为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例四的壳体的立体结构示意图;
图6b为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例四的壳体中空结构的横向截面示意图;
图7a为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例五的壳体的立体结构示意图;
图7b为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例五的壳体中空结构的横向截面示意图;
图8为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例六的立体结构示意图;
图9a为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例六的壳体的俯视图;
图9b为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例六的壳体的一种A-A剖面图;
图9c为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例六的壳体的另一种A-A剖面图;
图10为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例六的壳体与摩擦部件组合后的立体结构示意图;
图11为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例七的壳体的立体结构示意图;
图12为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例八的壳体的立体结构示意图;
图13为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例九的壳体的立体结构示意图;
图14为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例十的壳体的立体结构示意图;
图15为本发明提供的摩擦部件的另一种结构示意图;
图16为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例六的摩擦部件的振动频率的测试图;
图17为未设置本发明提供的气流通道的气动传感器的摩擦部件的振动频率的测试图;
图18为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例七的摩擦部件的振动频率的测试图;
图19为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例八的摩擦部件的振动频率的测试图;
图20示出了本发明提供的气动传感器中包括的全封闭式摩擦发电机的示意图;
图21示出了本发明提供的气动传感器中包括的全封闭式摩擦发电机的另一个实施例的示意图;
图22示出了本发明提供的气动传感器中包括的全封闭式摩擦发电机的又一个实施例的示意图;
图23示出了本发明提供的气动传感器中包括的全封闭式摩擦发电机的又一个实施例的示意图;
图24示出了本发明提供的气动传感器中包括的信号处理系统一实施例的功能框图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
为充分了解本发明之目的、特征及功效,借由下述具体的实施方式,对本发明做详细说明,但本发明并不仅仅限于此。
本发明提供的一种气动传感器,具有进气口和出气口,该气动传感器包括:第一摩擦部件、壳体、第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件。其中,壳体具有预设形状的中空结构以形成气流通道,气流通道与进气口和出气口连通,以使气流通过进气口进入气流通道并通过出气口流出。第一摩擦部件设置在气流通道内,第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件设置在能与第一摩擦部件接触的位置。当气流通过进气口进入气流通道时,第一摩擦部件因气流作用分别与第二摩擦部件和/或第三摩擦部件摩擦并产生电信号,第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件包括气动传感器的电信号输出端。
中空结构在壳体的顶部具有上开口,在壳体的底部具有下开口,本发明主要提供了两种设置进气口和出气口的方式,第一种为第二摩擦部件部分覆盖上开口形成进气口,第三摩擦部件部分覆盖下开口形成出气口;第二种为进气口开设在壳体的外壁和顶部交界的第一区域,出气口开设在壳体的外壁和底部交界的第二区域,此时,优选地,第二摩擦部件部分覆盖上开口且未覆盖进气口,第三摩擦部件部分覆盖下开口且未覆盖出气口,从而能够在单位时间内使较多的气流进出气动传感器。另外,在第二种设置方式中,也可以使第二摩擦部件全部覆盖上开口,第三摩擦部件全部覆盖下开口。
为了更好地保护气动传感器、减少外界对气动传感器的干扰,该气动传感器还可包括:位于壳体顶部的上盖体和位于壳体底部的下盖体。上盖体覆盖在第二摩擦部件上,下盖体覆盖在第三摩擦部件上。上盖体和下盖体还可起到屏蔽的作用。
第一摩擦部件、第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件构成至少一个摩擦发电机;其中,摩擦发电机为三层结构、四层结构、五层结构或者居间电极结构,摩擦发电机至少包含构成摩擦界面的两个相对面,摩擦发电机具有至少两个 输出端。构成摩擦界面的两个相对面中的至少一个面上设有微纳结构。关于第一摩擦部件、第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件构成至少一个摩擦发电机的具体结构将在后面的实施例中进行详细的介绍。
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明提供的气动传感器的结构和工作原理进行进一步介绍。
图1为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例一的立体结构示意图,图2为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例一的壳体的立体结构示意图,图3为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例一的摩擦部件的立体结构示意图,如图1至图3所示,该气动传感器包括:第一摩擦部件101、壳体102、第一电极103(即第二摩擦部件)和第二电极104(即第三摩擦部件)。其中,壳体102具有预设形状的中空结构以形成气流通道105。中空结构在壳体102的顶部具有上开口,在壳体102的底部具有下开口,第一电极103部分覆盖上开口形成进气口106,第二电极104部分覆盖下开口形成出气口(图中未示出),且进气口106和出气口是相对设置的。气流通道105与进气口106和出气口连通,以使气流通过进气口106进入气流通道105并通过出气口流出。在本实施例中,中空结构的横向截面为一字形的结构,进气口106和出气口分别位于中空结构一端的顶部和另一端的底部,并且中空结构靠近进气口106一侧的纵向截面面积等于靠近出气口一侧的纵向截面面积,进气口106和出气口相对设置有助于提高气流对第一摩擦部件101的驱动力。
第一摩擦部件101设置在气流通道105内,由于第一电极103和第二电极104分别部分覆盖壳体102顶部的上开口和底部的下开口,所以当气流通过进气口106进入气流通道105时,第一摩擦部件101因气流作用分别与第一电极103和/或第二电极104摩擦并产生电信号,第一电极103和第二电极104为气动传感器的电信号输出端。
如图1所示,第一电极103和第二电极104分别通过引线108和引线109引出,这种设置有助于后续对气动传感器产生的电信号进行处理,当然,本领域技术人员也可以不使用引线,此处不做限定。
结合图2和图3,第一摩擦部件101具有固定部1011和摩擦部1012。第一摩擦部件101的固定部1011与壳体102固定连接,第一摩擦部件101 的摩擦部1012分别与第一电极103和/或第二电极104摩擦。其中,第一摩擦部件101可通过多种方式与壳体102进行固定连接,本领域技术人员可根据实际需要进行设置,本发明此处不做具体限定。在本实施例中,为了将第一摩擦部件101与壳体102固定连接,气动传感器还包括:固定件111,壳体102上开设有凹槽110。固定件111与第一摩擦部件101的固定部1011连接后嵌入到凹槽110中,从而实现了第一摩擦部件101与壳体102的固定连接,并使气流在气流通道105内流动的方向与第一摩擦部件101所在平面平行。这种设置提高了气流对第一摩擦部件101的驱动力,从而提高了第一摩擦部件101的振动频率,并进而有效地提高了气动传感器的输出电压及灵敏度。
本实施例中的第一摩擦部件101包括第一高分子聚合物层,在这种情况下,第一高分子聚合物层分别与第一电极103和第二电极104相对的两个面构成摩擦界面,当气流通过进气口106进入气流通道105时,第一高分子聚合物层在气流的作用下分别与第一电极103和/或第二电极104进行摩擦并产生电信号,这样第一高分子聚合物层(即第一摩擦部件101)、第一电极103(即第二摩擦部件)和第二电极104(即第三摩擦部件)共同构成一个三层结构的摩擦发电机。
为了增加摩擦发电的效果,在第一高分子聚合物层分别与第一电极103和第二电极104构成的摩擦界面中的两个相对面中的至少一个面上设有微纳结构(图中未示出),从而使在第一电极103和/或第二电极104上产生更多的感应电荷。
另外,该气动传感器还可包括:位于壳体102顶部的上盖体(图中未示出)和位于壳体102底部的下盖体(图中未示出)。上盖体覆盖在第一电极103上,下盖体覆盖在第二电极104上。上盖体和下盖体起到屏蔽外界干扰和保护气动传感器内部结构的作用。
图4为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例二的壳体的立体结构示意图,如图4所示,实施例二的气动传感器与实施例一的气动传感器的区别在于:中空结构靠近进气口一侧的纵向截面面积大于靠近出气口一侧的纵向截面面积。壳体202靠近进气口的一端上设置有凹槽210,固定件(图中未示出) 与第一摩擦部件的固定部(图中未示出)连接后嵌入到凹槽210中,从而实现了第一摩擦部件与壳体202的固定连接,并使气流在气流通道205内流动的方向与第一摩擦部件所在平面平行。这种设置有助于提高气流对第一摩擦部件的驱动力,从而提高第一摩擦部件的振动频率,并进而提高气动传感器的输出电压及灵敏度。
图5为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例三的壳体的立体结构示意图,如图5所示,实例三的气动传感器与实施例一的气动传感器的区别在于:中空结构靠近进气口一侧的纵向截面面积小于靠近出气口一侧的纵向截面面积。壳体302靠近进气口的一端上设置有凹槽310,固定件(图中未示出)与第一摩擦部件的固定部(图中未示出)连接后嵌入到凹槽310中,从而实现了第一摩擦部件与壳体302的固定连接,并使气流在气流通道305内流动的方向与第一摩擦部件所在平面平行。这种设置有助于提高气流对第一摩擦部件的驱动力,从而提高第一摩擦部件的振动频率,并进而提高气动传感器的输出电压及灵敏度。
图6a为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例四的壳体的立体结构示意图,图6b为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例四的壳体中空结构的横向截面示意图,如图6a和图6b所示,实施例四的气动传感器与实施例一的气动传感器的区别在于:中空结构的横向截面为X形的结构,进气口和出气口位于中空结构的对角位置。固定件(图中未示出)与第一摩擦部件的固定部(图中未示出)连接后嵌入到凹槽410中,从而实现了第一摩擦部件与壳体402的固定连接,并使气流在气流通道405内流动的方向与第一摩擦部件所在平面成预设角度。其中,箭头所指方向为气流在气流通道405内的流动方向。如图6b所示,壳体顶部的进气口在中空结构的横向截面中的映射位置对应为位置a,且壳体底部的出气口在中空结构的横向截面中的映射位置对应为位置b,这种设置有助于提高气流对第一摩擦部件的驱动力,从而提高第一摩擦部件的振动频率,并进而提高气动传感器的输出电压及灵敏度。
图7a为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例五的壳体的立体结构示意图,图7b为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例五的壳体中空结构的横向截面示意图,如图7a和图7b所示,实施例五的气动传感器与实施例一的气动传感器 的区别在于:中空结构的横向截面为十字形的结构,进气口和出气口位于中空结构的对角位置。固定件(图中未示出)与第一摩擦部件的固定部(图中未示出)连接后嵌入到凹槽510中,从而实现了第一摩擦部件与壳体502的固定连接,并使气流在气流通道505内流动的方向与第一摩擦部件所在平面垂直。其中,箭头所指方向为气流在气流通道505内的流动方向。如图7b所示,壳体顶部的进气口在中空结构的横向截面中的映射位置对应为位置a,且壳体底部的出气口在中空结构的横向截面中的映射位置对应为位置b,这种设置有助于提高气流对第一摩擦部件的驱动力,从而提高第一摩擦部件的振动频率,并进而提高气动传感器的输出电压及灵敏度。
作为另一种可选的实施方式,还可仿照实施例二和实施例三的方式,改变实施例四和实施例五中的气动传感器的中空结构的设置,使中空结构靠近进气口一侧的纵向截面面积大于或小于靠近出气口一侧的纵向截面面积,从而提高气流对第一摩擦部件的驱动力。
图8为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例六的立体结构示意图,图9a、图9b和图9c分别为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例六的壳体的俯视图、一种A-A剖面图和另一种A-A剖面图,图10为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例六的壳体与摩擦部件组合后的立体结构示意图。如图8至图10所示,该气动传感器包括:第一摩擦部件601、壳体602、第一电极603(即第二摩擦部件)和第二电极604(即第三摩擦部件)。其中,壳体602具有预设形状的中空结构以形成气流通道605。中空结构在壳体602的顶部具有上开口,在壳体602的底部具有下开口,进气口606开设在壳体602的外壁和顶部交界的第一区域(如图9b或图9c中所示的壳体602外壁的右上部),出气口607开设在壳体602的外壁和底部交界的第二区域(如图9b或图9c中所示的壳体602外壁的左下部),且进气口606和出气口607是相对设置的。第一电极603部分覆盖上开口且未覆盖进气口606,第二电极604部分覆盖下开口且未覆盖出气口607。气流通道605与进气口606和出气口607连通,以使气流通过进气口606进入气流通道605并通过出气口607流出。在本实施例中,靠近进气口606一侧的纵向截面面积等于靠近出气口607一侧的纵向截面面积,进气口606和出气口607相对设置有助于提高气流对第一摩擦 部件601的驱动力。
第一摩擦部件601设置在气流通道605内,由于第一电极603和第二电极604分别部分覆盖壳体602顶部的上开口和底部的下开口,所以当气流通过进气口606进入气流通道605时,第一摩擦部件601因气流作用分别与第一电极603和/或第二电极604摩擦并产生电信号,第一电极603和第二电极604为气动传感器的电信号输出端。实施例六的气动传感器的第一摩擦部件601仍采用图3所示的第一摩擦部件。第一摩擦部件具有固定部和摩擦部,其中,固定部与壳体602固定连接,摩擦部与第一电极603和/或第二电极604摩擦。
如图8所示,第一电极603和第二电极604分别通过引线608和引线609引出,这种设置有助于后续对气动传感器产生的电信号进行处理,当然,本领域技术人员也可以不使用引线,此处不做限定。
图9b和图9c示出了两种开设进气口606和出气口607的方式,其中,图9b中所示的进气口606和出气口607开设在外壁上形成具有一定的倾斜角度的坡面,而图9c中所示的进气口606和出气口607开设在外壁上形成水平面,另外,图9b和图9c中进气口606和出气口607是相对设置的,这种设置有助于提高气流对第一摩擦部件的驱动力。
气动传感器还包括:固定件(如图3中的固定件111),壳体602上开设有凹槽610。固定件与第一摩擦部件601的固定部连接后嵌入到凹槽610中,从而实现了第一摩擦部件601与壳体602的固定连接,并使气流在气流通道605内流动的方向与第一摩擦部件601所在平面垂直。这种设置提高了气流对第一摩擦部件601的驱动力,从而提高了第一摩擦部件601的振动频率,并进而有效地提高了气动传感器的输出电压及灵敏度。
另外,本实施例中的第一摩擦部件601包括第一高分子聚合物层,在这种情况下,第一高分子聚合物层分别与第一电极603和第二电极604相对的两个面构成摩擦界面,当气流通过进气口606进入气流通道605时,第一高分子聚合物层在气流的作用下分别与第一电极603和/或第二电极604进行摩擦并产生电信号,这样第一高分子聚合物层(即第一摩擦部件601)、第一电极603(即第二摩擦部件)和第二电极604(即第三摩擦部件)共同构 成一个三层结构的摩擦发电机。
此外,为了增加摩擦发电的效果,在第一高分子聚合物层分别与第一电极603和第二电极604构成的摩擦界面中的两个相对面中的至少一个面上设有微纳结构(图中未示出),从而使在第一电极603和/或第二电极604上产生更多的感应电荷。
另外,该气动传感器还可包括:位于壳体602顶部的上盖体(图中未示出)和位于壳体602底部的下盖体(图中未示出)。上盖体覆盖在第一电极603上,下盖体覆盖在第二电极604上。上盖体和下盖体起到屏蔽外界干扰和保护气动传感器内部结构的作用。
作为另一种可选的实施方式,还可仿照实施例二和实施例三的方式,改变实施例六中的气动传感器的中空结构的设置,使中空结构靠近进气口一侧的纵向截面面积大于或小于靠近出气口一侧的纵向截面面积,从而提高气流对第一摩擦部件的驱动力。
本发明实施例七的气动传感器与实施例六的气动传感器的区别在于:气流在气流通道内流动的方向与第一摩擦部件所在平面平行。图11为本发明提供的气动传感器的壳体实施例七的立体结构示意图,如图11所示,进气口706开设在壳体702的外壁和顶部交界的第一区域(如图11中所示的壳体702外壁的右上部),出气口707开设在壳体702的外壁和底部交界的第二区域(如图11中所示的壳体702外壁的左下部),且进气口706和出气口707开设在外壁上形成水平面,以使气流通过进气口706进入气流通道705并通过出气口707流出。
本实施例中的气动传感器的第一摩擦部件仍采用图3所示的第一摩擦部件。固定件与第一摩擦部件的固定部连接后嵌入到凹槽710中,从而实现了第一摩擦部件与壳体702的固定连接,并使气流在气流通道705内流动的方向与第一摩擦部件所在平面平行。这种设置有助于提高气流对第一摩擦部件的驱动力,从而提高第一摩擦部件的振动频率,并进而提高气动传感器的输出电压及灵敏度。
本发明实施例八的气动传感器与实施例六的气动传感器的区别在于:气流在气流通道内流动的方向与第一摩擦部件所在平面成预设角度。图12为 本发明提供的气动传感器实施例八的壳体的立体结构示意图,如图12所示,进气口806开设在壳体802的外壁和顶部交界的第一区域(如图12中所示的壳体802外壁的左上部),出气口807开设在壳体802的外壁和底部交界的第二区域(如图12中所示的壳体802外壁的右下部),且进气口806和出气口807开设在外壁上形成具有一定的倾斜角度的坡面,以使气流通过进气口806进入气流通道805并通过出气口807流出。
本实施例中的气动传感器的第一摩擦部件仍采用图3所示的第一摩擦部件。固定件与第一摩擦部件的固定部连接后嵌入到凹槽810中,从而实现了第一摩擦部件与壳体802的固定连接,并使气流在气流通道805内流动的方向与第一摩擦部件所在平面成预设角度。这种设置有助于提高气流对第一摩擦部件的驱动力,从而提高第一摩擦部件的振动频率,进而提高气动传感器的输出电压及灵敏度。
对于上述所有的实施例,还可使气流通道包括:第一气流通道和第二气流通道。其中,第二气流通道的横向截面面积大于第一气流通道的横向截面面积,第一摩擦部件设置在第一气流通道和第二气流通道的交界处。
本发明提供的实施例九的气动传感器是以实施例一的气动传感器为基础,将气流通道设置成包括第一气流通道和第二气流通道。图13为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例九的壳体的立体结构示意图,如图13所示,实施例九的气动传感器与实施例一的气动传感器的区别在于:气流通道包括:第一气流通道1051和第二气流通道1052,其中,第二气流通道1052的横向截面面积大于第一气流通道1051的横向截面面积,摩擦部件设置在第一气流通道1051和第二气流通道1052的交界处。当气流通过进气口进入并流过第一气流通道1051和第二气流通道1052时,由于气流在横向截面面积不同的气流通道里的流速是不同的,因此第一摩擦部件在两种流速不同的气流中的振动会加剧,进一步提高了第一摩擦部件的振动频率,提高了气动传感器的灵敏度。
本发明提供的实施例十的气动传感器是以实施例七的气动传感器为基础,将气流通道设置成包括第一气流通道和第二气流通道。图14为本发明提供的气动传感器实施例十的壳体的立体结构示意图,如图14所示,实施 例十的气动传感器与实施例七的气动传感器的区别在于:气流通道包括:第一气流通道7051和第二气流通道7052,其中,第二气流通道7052的横向截面面积大于第一气流通道7051的横向截面面积,摩擦部件设置在第一气流通道7051和第二气流通道7052的交界处。当气流通过进气口进入并流过第二气流通道7051和第一气流通道7052时,由于气流在横向截面面积不同的气流通道里的流速是不同的,因此第一摩擦部件在两种流速不同的气流中的振动会加剧,进一步提高了第一摩擦部件的振动频率,提高了气动传感器的灵敏度。
作为另一种可选的实施方式,还可仿照实施例二和实施例三的方式,改变实施例七、实施例八、实施例九和实施例十中的气动传感器的中空结构的设置,使中空结构靠近进气口一侧的纵向截面面积大于或小于靠近出气口一侧的纵向截面面积,从而提高气流对第一摩擦部件的驱动力。
在上述所有实施例中,第一摩擦部件的形状还可以为图15所示的梯形形状,本领域技术人员可根据实际需要对第一摩擦部件的形状进行设置,本发明此处不做具体限定。
其中,上述所有实施例中第一电极、第二电极和居间电极的材料可选自铟锡氧化物、石墨烯、银纳米线膜、金属或合金。其中金属是金、银、铂、钯、铝、镍、铜、钛、铬、锡、铁、锰、钼、钨或钒;合金是铝合金、钛合金、镁合金、铍合金、铜合金、锌合金、锰合金、镍合金、铅合金、锡合金、镉合金、铋合金、铟合金、镓合金、钨合金、钼合金、铌合金或钽合金。
其中,上述所有实施例中第一高分子聚合物层或第二高分子聚合物层的材料分别选自聚二甲基硅氧烷薄膜、聚酰亚胺薄膜、聚偏氟乙烯薄膜、苯胺甲醛树脂薄膜、聚甲醛薄膜、乙基纤维素薄膜、聚酰胺薄膜、三聚氰胺甲醛薄膜、聚乙二醇丁二酸酯薄膜、纤维素薄膜、纤维素乙酸酯薄膜、聚己二酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯薄膜、纤维海绵薄膜、聚氨酯弹性体薄膜、苯乙烯丙烯共聚物薄膜、苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物薄膜、人造纤维薄膜、聚甲基薄膜,甲基丙烯酸酯薄膜、聚乙烯醇薄膜、聚酯薄膜、聚异丁烯薄膜、聚氨酯柔性海绵薄膜、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛薄膜、甲醛苯酚薄膜、氯丁橡胶薄膜、丁二烯丙烯共聚物薄膜、天然橡胶薄膜、聚 丙烯腈薄膜、丙烯腈氯乙烯薄膜和聚乙烯丙二酚碳酸盐薄膜中的一种。
作为另一种可选的实施方式,在上述所有实施例中,还可使第一摩擦部件、第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件共同构成四层结构、五层居间电极结构的摩擦发电机,或者构成多个摩擦发电机的叠加结构。
例如,第一摩擦部件包括第一高分子聚合物层和第二高分子聚合物层,第二高分子聚合物层设置在第一高分子聚合物层相对第二电极的表面上,第一高分子聚合物层与第一电极相对的两个面和/或第二高分子聚合物层与第二电极相对的两个面和/或第一高分子聚合物与第二高分子聚合物层相对的两个面构成摩擦界面。当气流通过进气口进入气流通道时,第一高分子聚合物层与第一电极和/或第二高分子聚合物层与第二电极和/或第一高分子聚合物层与第二高分子聚合物层摩擦。这样第一高分子聚合物层与第二高分子聚合物层(即第一摩擦部件)、第一电极(即第二摩擦部件)和第二电极(即第三摩擦部件)共同构成一个四层结构的摩擦发电机。并且为了增加摩擦发电的效果,在构成摩擦界面的两个相对面中的至少一个面上还可设有微纳结构,使在第一电极和第二电极上感应出更多的电荷。
例如,第一摩擦部件包括居间电极,第二摩擦部件包括依次层叠设置的第一电极和第一高分子聚合物层,第三摩擦部件包括依次层叠设置的第二电极和第二高分子聚合物层,第一高分子聚合物层与居间电极相对的两个面和/或第二高分子聚合物层与居间电极相对的两个面构成摩擦界面。当气流通过进气口进入气流通道时,第一高分子聚合物层与居间电极和/或第二高分子聚合物与居间电极摩擦,此时,第一电极、第二电极和居间电极为气动传感器的电信号输出端。这样第一摩擦部件、第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件共同构成一个居间电极结构的摩擦发电机。并且为了增加摩擦发电的效果,在构成摩擦界面的两个相对面中的至少一个面上还可设有微纳结构,使在第一电极、第二电极和居间电极上感应出更多的电荷。
为了更加清晰直观地了解本发明提供的气动传感器的优越性能,在室温及室压环境下,将本发明提供的气动传感器实施例六至实施例八与未设置本发明提供的气流通道的气动传感器进行对比测试。
图16为本发明提供的实施例六的气动传感器的摩擦部件的振动频率的 测试图,图17为未设置本发明提供的气流通道的气动传感器的摩擦部件的振动频率的测试图。如图16所示,实施例六的气动传感器的第一摩擦部件的振动频率为1800赫兹,另外,经测试得到实施例六的气动传感器的输出电压可达2.0伏。如图17所示,未设置本发明提供的气流通道的气动传感器的摩擦部件的振动频率为几百赫兹,测试得到的气动传感器的输出电压通常为数百毫伏。
由此可知,本发明提供的实施例六的气动传感器能够有效地提高第一摩擦部件的振动频率,并能够提高气动传感器的输出电压,另外与未设置本发明提供的气流通道的气动传感器相比,实施例六的气动传感器的输出电压更加稳定。
图18为本发明提供的实施例七的气动传感器的摩擦部件的振动频率的测试图,如图18所示,实施例七的气动传感器的摩擦部件的振动频率为2000赫兹,另外,经测试得到实施例七的气动传感器的输出电压可达3.0伏。图19为本发明提供的实施例八的气动传感器的摩擦部件的振动频率的测试图,如图18所示,实施例八的气动传感器摩擦部件的振动频率为1400赫兹,另外,经测试得到实施例八的气动传感器的输出电压可达3.0伏,并且,在测试时发现,当气流较大时,实施例八的气动传感器的输出电压可达7-8伏。由此可知,本发明提供的实施例七和实施例八的气动传感器都能够有效地提高第一摩擦部件的振动频率,并能够提高气动传感器的输出电压,并且与未设置本发明提供的气流通道的气动传感器相比,实施例二和实施例三的气动传感器的输出电压更加稳定。
另外,本发明提供的气动传感器的第一摩擦部件的振动频率、输出电压的大小与气流通道的宽度、第一摩擦部件的厚度、宽度以及长度等都有着密切的关系。本领域技术人员可以根据不同的需要,适当改变气动传感器的上述技术参数,来改变气动传感器的摩擦部件的振动频率及输出电压的大小。
根据本发明提供的技术方案,壳体的内部形成有气流通道,并将第一摩擦部件设置在气流通道内,当气流通过进气口进入气流通道时,第一摩擦部件因气流作用分别与第二摩擦部件和/或第三摩擦部件摩擦并产生电信号。本发明的上述气动传感器简化了现有气动传感器的制作工艺,提高了气流对 气动传感器中的第一摩擦部件的驱动力,从而提高了第一摩擦部件的振动频率,并进而有效地提高了气动传感器的输出电压、灵敏度和稳定性。
由上述第一摩擦部件、第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件构成的全封闭式摩擦发电机包括:围成封闭式空腔的振膜以及处于封闭式空腔内部的定膜;在外力作用下,振膜与定膜之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面;振膜设置有第一电极层和/或第二电极层;第一电极层和/或第二电极层为全封闭式摩擦发电机的电信号输出端。
其中,振膜由第一振膜和第二振膜组成,第一振膜和第二振膜的端部互相粘结在一起形成封闭式空腔;此外,振膜也可以为一体结构。
其中,全封闭式摩擦发电机可以采用第一电极层和第二电极层作为其电信号输出端;同时也可以采用其任一电极层和能够与其形成电势差的外电路的任一端作为全封闭式摩擦发电机的电信号输出端,此处不做限定。
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明提供的全封闭式摩擦发电机的结构和工作原理进行进一步介绍。
图20示出了本发明一个实施例提供的全封闭式摩擦发电机的示意图。如图20所示,该全封闭式摩擦发电机包括:围成封闭式空腔的振膜101’以及处于封闭式空腔内部的定膜102’;在外力作用下,振膜101’与定膜102’之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面;振膜101’的外侧表面形成有第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’,第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’相互不接触;第一电极层103’和/或第二电极层104’为全封闭式摩擦发电机的电信号输出端。
在本实施例中,振膜101’由第一振膜1011’和第二振膜1012’组成,第一振膜1011’和第二振膜1012’的端部互相粘结在一起形成封闭式空腔;其中,第一振膜1011’到定膜102’的距离与第二振膜1012’到定膜102’的距离可以相等,也可以不相等,但是,为了在第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’分别作为全封闭式摩擦发电机的电信号输出端时,使第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’之间的电势差增加,优选第一振膜1011’到定膜102’的距离与第二振膜1012’到定膜102’的距离不相等。
在本实施例中,振膜101’和定膜102’的材料均为高分子聚合物材料;其 中,第一振膜1011’、第二振膜1012’、定膜102’三者所选用的材料可以相同,也可以不同,还可以任意两者相同,本领域技术人员可以根据需要进行选择,此处不做限定;为了增加摩擦发电的效果,使第一振膜1011’和第二振膜1012’分别与定膜102’之间接触摩擦产生更多的电荷,进而使第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’感应出更多的电荷,优选第一振膜1011’、第二振膜1012’、定膜102’三者所选用的材料不同。
另外,在封闭式空腔的外部还设置有支撑部件105’,振膜101’和定膜102’都固定在支撑部件105’上;其中,支撑部件105’可以为亚克力杆、玻璃杆、不锈钢杆、陶瓷杆或合金杆,也可以为以坚固的高分子聚合物材料制作的杆或其它具有机械刚性支撑作用的杆,此处不做限定。
本实施例提供的全封闭式摩擦发电机的工作原理是:当振膜101’受到外力作用时,第一振膜1011’与定膜102’之间、第二振膜1012’与定膜102’之间相互摩擦产生电荷,从而导致第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’之间出现电势差。由于第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’之间电势差的存在,自由电子将通过外电路由电势低的一侧流向电势高的一侧,从而在外电路中形成电流;当振膜101’恢复到原来状态时,这时形成在第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’之间的内电势消失,此时已平衡的第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’之间将再次产生反向的电势差,则自由电子通过外电路形成反向电流,因此,在外电路中形成交流电信号。又由于第一振膜1011’、第二振膜1012’与定膜102’之间的距离不等,从而在第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’感应出不等的电荷,导致第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’之间电势差增加,提高了摩擦发电的效果。
图21示出了本发明另一个实施例提供的全封闭式摩擦发电机的示意图。图21所示实施例与图20所示实施例的区别在于,定膜包括两层高分子聚合物层(分别为第一高分子聚合物层和第二高分子聚合物层)。如图21所示,定膜包括第一高分子聚合物层2021’和第二高分子聚合物层2022’。具体地,当振膜101’受到外力作用时,第一振膜1011’与第一高分子聚合物层2021’之间、第二振膜1012’与第二高分子聚合物层2022’之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面,从而在第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’上分别感应出电荷,进 而在第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’之间产生电势差。
其中,第一振膜1011’、第二振膜1012’、第一高分子聚合物层2021’、第二高分子聚合物层2022’所选用的材料可以相同,也可以不同,还可以任意两者或三者相同,本领域技术人员可以根据需要进行选择,此处不做限定;为了增加摩擦发电的效果,使第一振膜1011’与第一高分子聚合物层2021’和第二振膜1012’与第二高分子聚合物层2022’之间接触摩擦产生更多的电荷,进而使第一电极层103’和第二电极层104’感应出更多的电荷,优选第一高分子聚合物层2021’与第二高分子聚合物层2022’所选用的材料不同。
在另外一种可选的实施方式中,图20和图21所示的实施例中的振膜还可以为一体结构,振膜的外侧表面形成有第一电极层和第二电极层,第一电极层和第二电极层相互不接触。具体地,当振膜受到外力作用时,振膜与定膜之间相互摩擦产生电荷,并在第一电极层和第二电极层上分别感应出电荷,进而在第一电极层和第二电极层之间产生电势差。
此外,当定膜包括多层高分子聚合物层时,多层高分子聚合物层所选用的材料可以相同,也可以不同,还可以任意两者相同,本领域技术人员可以根据需要进行选择,此处不做限定;为了增加摩擦发电的效果,优选形成摩擦界面的两层高分子聚合物层所选用的材料不同。
进一步地,上述所有实施例中的第一电极层和第二电极层可以形成在振膜的内侧表面,第一电极层和第二电极层相互不接触,具体地,当振膜受到外力作用时,第一电极层与定膜之间、第二电极层与定膜之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面,进而在第一电极层和第二电极层之间产生电势差。更具体地,当定膜包括多层高分子聚合物层时,为了增加摩擦发电的效果,优选形成摩擦界面的两层高分子聚合物层所选用的材料不同。
进一步地,上述所有实施例中的第一电极层可以形成在振膜的内侧表面,第二电极层可以形成在振膜的外侧表面,第一电极层和第二电极层相互不接触,具体地,当振膜受到外力作用时,第一电极层与定膜之间、振膜与定膜之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面,进而在第一电极层和第二电极层之间产生电势差。此外,第一电极层还可以形成在振膜的外侧表面,第二电极层形成在振膜的内侧表面,当振膜受到外力作用时,振膜与定膜之间、第二电极层 与定膜之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面,进而在第一电极层和第二电极层之间产生电势差。
图22示出了本发明又一个实施例提供的全封闭式摩擦发电机的示意图。如图22所示,该全封闭式摩擦发电机包括:围成封闭式空腔的振膜301’以及处于封闭式空腔内部的定膜;在外力作用下,振膜301’与定膜之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面;其中,定膜为第一电极层302’,振膜301’的外侧表面形成有第二电极层303’,第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’相互不接触;第一电极层302’和/或第二电极层303’为全封闭式摩擦发电机的电信号输出端。
在本实施例中,振膜301’由第一振膜3011’和第二振膜3012’组成,第一振膜3011’和第二振膜3012’的端部互相粘结在一起形成封闭式空腔。其中,第一振膜3011’到定膜的距离与第二振膜3012’到定膜的距离可以相等,也可以不相等,但是,为了在第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’分别作为全封闭式摩擦发电机的电信号输出端时,使第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’之间的电势差增加,优选第一振膜3011’到定膜的距离与第二振膜3012’到定膜的距离不相等。
其中,第一振膜3011’与第二振膜3012’所选用的材料可以相同,也可以不同,本领域技术人员可以根据需要进行选择,此处不做限定;为了增加摩擦发电的效果,使第一振膜3011’和第二振膜3012’分别与定膜之间接触摩擦产生更多的电荷,进而使第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’感应出更多的电荷,优选第一振膜3011’与第二振膜3012’所选用的材料不同。
其中,本实施例中的第二电极层303’为一体结构的电极层,其完全包覆在振膜301’的外侧表面上;这样设置第二电极层303’不仅能够将第二电极层303’作为全封闭式摩擦发电机的电信号输出端,还可以将其作为全封闭式摩擦发电机的屏蔽层使用,起到自屏蔽的效果,防止外界电信号的干扰,简化了制作工艺,降低了成本。当然,也可以将第二电极层303’分为多个部分,分别设置在振膜301’的外侧表面上,例如:将第二电极层303’分为两个部分,分别设置在第一振膜3011’和第二振膜3012’的外侧表面上。
另外,在封闭式空腔的外部还设置有支撑部件304’,振膜301’和定膜都 固定在支撑部件304’上;其中,支撑部件304’可以为亚克力杆、玻璃杆、不锈钢杆、陶瓷杆或合金杆,也可以为以坚固的高分子聚合物材料制作的杆或其它具有机械刚性支撑作用的杆,此处不做限定。
本实施例提供的全封闭式摩擦发电机的工作原理是:当振膜301’受到外力作用时,第一振膜3011’与第一电极层302’之间、第二振膜3012’与第一电极层302’之间相互摩擦产生电荷,从而导致第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’之间出现电势差。由于第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’之间电势差的存在,自由电子将通过外电路由电势低的一侧流向电势高的一侧,从而在外电路中形成电流;当振膜301’恢复到原来状态时,这时形成在第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’之间的内电势消失,此时已平衡的第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’之间将再次产生反向的电势差,则自由电子通过外电路形成反向电流,因此,在外电路中形成交流电信号。又由于第一振膜3011’、第二振膜3012’与定膜之间的距离不等,从而在第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’感应出不等的电荷,导致第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’之间电势差增加,提高了摩擦发电的效果。
在另外一种可选的实施方式中,第二电极层也可设置在振膜的内侧表面上,但是必须保证第一电极层与第二电极层相互不接触。具体地,当振膜受到外力作用时,第一电极层与振膜之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面,进而在第一电极层和第二电极层之间产生电势差。
图23示出了本发明又一个实施例提供的全封闭式摩擦发电机的示意图。如图23所示,该全封闭式摩擦发电机包括:围成封闭式空腔的振膜301’以及处于封闭式空腔内部的定膜;定膜包括依次层叠设置的第一高分子聚合物层405’、第一电极层302’和第二高分子聚合物层406’;振膜301’的外侧表面形成有第二电极层303’,第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’相互不接触;在外力作用下,振膜301’与定膜之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面;也就是说,第一高分子聚合物层405’与第一振膜3011’之间、第二高分子聚合物层406’与第二振膜3012’之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面;为了增加摩擦发电的效果,优选第一高分子聚合物层405’与第二高分子聚合物层406’的材料不同。
在本实施例中,振膜301’由第一振膜3011’和第二振膜3012’组成,第 一振膜3011’和第二振膜3012’的端部互相粘结在一起形成空腔。其中,第一振膜3011’到定膜的距离与第二振膜3012’到定膜的距离可以相等,也可以不相等,但是,为了在第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’分别作为全封闭式摩擦发电机的电信号输出端时,使第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’之间的电势差增加,优选第一振膜3011’到定膜的距离与第二振膜3012’到定膜的距离不相等。
其中,第二电极层303’可分为多个部分,分别设置在振膜301’的外侧表面上。具体地,在本实施例中,将第二电极层303’分为两个部分,分别设置在第一振膜3011’和第二振膜3012’的外侧表面上。当然,第二电极层303’也可以为一体结构的电极层,完全包覆在振膜301’的外侧表面上;这样设置第二电极层303’不仅能够将第二电极层303’作为全封闭式摩擦发电机的电信号输出端,还可以将其作为全封闭式摩擦发电机的屏蔽层使用,起到自屏蔽的效果,防止外界电信号的干扰,简化了制作工艺,降低了成本。
另外,在封闭式空腔的外部还设置有支撑部件304’,振膜301’和定膜都固定在支撑部件304’上;其中,支撑部件304’可以为亚克力杆、玻璃杆、不锈钢杆、陶瓷杆或合金杆,也可以为以坚固的高分子聚合物材料制作的杆或其它具有机械刚性支撑作用的杆,此处不做限定。
本实施例提供的全封闭式摩擦发电机的工作原理是:当振膜301’受到外力作用时,第一振膜3011’与第一高分子聚合物层405’之间、第二振膜3012’与第二高分子聚合物层406’之间相互摩擦产生电荷,从而导致第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’之间出现电势差。由于第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’之间电势差的存在,自由电子将通过外电路由电势低的一侧流向电势高的一侧,从而在外电路中形成电流;当振膜301’恢复到原来状态时,这时形成在第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’之间的内电势消失,此时已平衡的第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’之间将再次产生反向的电势差,则自由电子通过外电路形成反向电流,因此,在外电路中形成交流电信号。又由于第一振膜3011’与第一高分子聚合物层405’之间的距离和第二振膜3012’与第二高分子聚合物层406’之间的距离不等,从而在第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’感应出不等的电荷,导致第一电极层302’和第二电极层303’之间电势差 增加,提高了摩擦发电的效果。
应当注意的是,在该实施方式中,第二电极层303’还可以设置在振膜的内侧表面上,且第一电极层302’与第二电极层303’相互不接触,此时,第一高分子聚合物层405’与第二电极层303’之间、第二高分子聚合物层406’与第二电极层303’之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面。
进一步地,上述实施例中的振膜可以为一体结构。
图24示出了本发明提供的气动传感器包括的信号处理系统一实施例的功能框图。如图24所示,该信号处理系统包括:信号预处理模块11和信号控制模块12。
信号预处理模块11与气动传感器10的电信号输出端连接,用于采集气动传感器10的输出信号,根据输出信号与预设阈值的比较结果,得到标志位信号。信号预处理模块11针对气动传感器10的输出信号的特点,对输出信号进行采样。气动传感器一般输出电流小而输出电压大,因此可依据电压信号进行采样。
具体的,信号预处理模块11包括电压信号采样单元11a,用于采集气动传感器10的输出信号,将输出信号的电压与预设电压阈值进行比较,若输出信号的电压低于预设电压阈值,则得到低电平标志位信号;若输出信号的电压高于或等于预设电压阈值,则得到高电平标志位信号。例如,预设电压阈值设置为100mv,输出信号的电压低于该值,输出低电平标志位信号;高于或等于该值,输出高电平标志位信号。
可选地,也可通过频率选择对输出信号进行采样,具体的,信号预处理模块11可包括频率信号采样单元11b,用于采集气动传感器10的输出信号,将输出信号的频率与预设频率范围进行比较,若输出信号的频率属于预设频率范围,则得到高电平标志位信号;若输出信号的频率不属于预设频率范围,则得到低电平标志位信号。
为了进一步提升信号处理系统的准确性和稳定性,可同时采用电压采样和频率采样。即,信号预处理模块11同时包括电压信号采样单元11a和频率信号采样单元11b,电压信号采样单元11a用于将输出信号的电压与预设 电压阈值进行比较,频率信号采样单元11b用于将输出信号的频率与预设频率范围进行比较。若输出信号的电压高于或等于预设电压阈值且输出信号的频率属于预设频率范围,则得到高电平标志位信号;若输出信号的电压低于预设电压阈值和/或输出信号的频率不属于预设频率范围,则得到低电平标志位信号。具体地,输出信号的电压低于预设电压阈值而输出信号的频率属于预设频率范围,输出信号的电压高于或等于预设电压阈值而输出信号的频率不属于预设频率范围,或者输出信号的电压低于预设电压阈值且输出信号的频率不属于预设频率范围,都会得到低电平标志位信号。同时对电压和频率进行采样使得整个信号处理系统的准确度提高,误报率降低,使整个系统的稳定性提升。
信号控制模块12用于接收信号预处理模块11输出的标志位信号,通过对标志位信号进行分析处理得到触发工作信号。本发明中,信号控制模块12是根据对标志位信号进行分析处理,在分析得到标志位信号为高电平标志位信号时得到触发工作信号,该触发工作信号用于触发后续的工作程序进行工作。以电子烟为例,信号控制模块12输出的触发工作信号用于触发电子烟的雾化器进行工作,使其旁边的烟油挥发产生烟雾,供用户吸用。
进一步的,为了提升系统的准确性和稳定性,在分析得到标志位信号为高电平标志位信号时,进一步根据高电平标志位信号的持续时间得到触发工作信号。如果高电平标志位信号的持续时间过短,如瞬时高电平,则无必要输出触发工作信号。
本发明提供的信号处理系统还可包括:信号显示模块13,信号显示模块13与信号控制模块12连接,用于根据触发工作信号显示气动传感器的工作状态。信号显示模块13可以为LED灯或显示屏,当气动传感器输出信号的大小不同时,信号显示模块13可根据信号控制模块12的分析结果进行显示,将工作状态直观的反馈给用户。另外,信号显示模块12还可以显示对输出信号采用的是电压采样方式,或者频率采样方式,或者电压和频率采样方式。
本发明提供的信号处理系统还可包括:供电模块14,用于为信号预处理模块11、信号控制模块12和信号显示模块13供电。供电模块14可选用 锂电池或可充电方式的充电模块,充电方式可采用USB充电、蓝牙无线充电等。
按供电模块的集成方式,本发明对信号进行采集、分析和处理的上述各模块可集成为一片式结构和分立式结构。
一片式结构是采用基于专用集成电路ASIC技术的芯片,将信号预处理模块、信号控制模块、信号显示模块、供电模块集成在一个芯片中。与通用集成电路相比具有体积更小、重量更轻、功耗更低、可靠性提高、性能提高、保密性增强及成本降低等优点。
分立式结构是通过选用微型单片机实现信号的采集、分析、处理,即信号预处理模块和信号控制模块集成在微型单片机中,通过外加供电模块实现整个信号处理系统。
本发明提供的上述气动传感器可应用于电子烟中,电子烟包括:烟筒主体和烟嘴,烟嘴设置在烟筒主体的一端;烟筒主体内部设置有气动传感器,还设置有电池组件、控制电路板和雾化器;烟筒主体上开设有进气孔;电池组件为控制电路板和雾化器供电,控制电路板与信号处理系统、雾化器连接;气动传感器位于与进气孔、烟嘴相通的通气通道内,当气流通过进气孔进入通气通道内时,因气流作用产生输出信号,经由信号处理系统处理后将触发工作信号输出给控制电路板,控制电路板根据触发工作信号控制雾化器工作。
需要说明的是,上述信号处理系统还可应用于其它与气动传感器产生信号相似的系统中,而不仅限于用在电子烟中。
本发明提供的针对气动传感器的信号设计的信号处理系统,对气动传感器输出的微小信号进行信号的采集、分析和处理,使得输出的触发工作信号更为准确和稳定。
最后,需要注意的是:以上列举的仅是本发明的具体实施例子,当然本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行改动和变型,倘若这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。

Claims (34)

  1. 一种气动传感器,具有进气口和出气口,其特征在于,所述气动传感器包括:第一摩擦部件、壳体、第二摩擦部件和第三摩擦部件;其中,
    所述壳体具有预设形状的中空结构以形成气流通道,所述气流通道与所述进气口和所述出气口连通,以使气流通过所述进气口进入所述气流通道并通过所述出气口流出;
    所述第一摩擦部件设置在所述气流通道内,所述第二摩擦部件和所述第三摩擦部件设置在能与所述第一摩擦部件接触的位置;
    当气流通过所述进气口进入所述气流通道时,所述第一摩擦部件因气流作用分别与所述第二摩擦部件和/或所述第三摩擦部件摩擦并产生电信号,所述第二摩擦部件和所述第三摩擦部件包括所述气动传感器的电信号输出端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述中空结构在所述壳体的顶部具有上开口,在所述壳体的底部具有下开口;
    所述第二摩擦部件部分覆盖所述上开口形成所述进气口,所述第三摩擦部件部分覆盖所述下开口形成所述出气口。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述中空结构在所述壳体的顶部具有上开口,在所述壳体的底部具有下开口;
    所述进气口开设在所述壳体的外壁和顶部交界的第一区域,所述出气口开设在所述壳体的外壁和底部交界的第二区域;
    所述第二摩擦部件部分覆盖所述上开口且未覆盖所述进气口;所述第三摩擦部件部分覆盖所述下开口且未覆盖所述出气口。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述气动传感器还包括:位于壳体顶部的上盖体和位于壳体底部的下盖体;所述上盖体覆盖所述第二摩擦部件;所述下盖体覆盖所述第三摩擦部件。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述第一摩擦部件具有固定部和摩擦部;所述固定部与所述壳体固定连接;所述摩擦部与所述第二摩擦部件和/或所述第三摩擦部件摩擦。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述气动传感器还包括:固定件;所述壳体上开设有凹槽;所述固定件与所述第一摩擦部件的固定部连接后嵌入到所述凹槽中。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述气流在所述气流通道内流动的方向与所述第一摩擦部件所在平面平行、垂直或成预设角度。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述中空结构靠近所述进气口一侧的纵向截面面积大于靠近所述出气口一侧的纵向截面面积。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述中空结构靠近所述进气口一侧的纵向截面面积小于靠近所述出气口一侧的纵向截面面积。
  10. 根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述中空结构的横向截面为一字形的结构,所述进气口和所述出气口分别位于中空结构两端的顶部和底部。
  11. 根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述中空结构的横向截面为X形的结构,所述进气口和所述出气口位于中空结构的对角位置。
  12. 根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述中空结构的横向截面为十字形的结构,所述进气口和所述出气口位于中空结构的对角位置。
  13. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述气流通道包括:第一气流通道和第二气流通道;所述第二气流通道的横向截面面积大于所述第一气流通道的横向截面面积;所述第一摩擦部件设置在所述第一气流通道和所述第二气流通道的交界处。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述第一摩擦部件包括第一高分子聚合物层;所述第二摩擦部件包括第一电极;所述第三摩擦部件包括第二电极;
    当所述气流通过所述进气口进入所述气流通道时,所述第一高分子聚合物层与所述第一电极和/或所述第二电极摩擦;所述第一高分子聚合物层与所述第一电极相对的两个面和/或所述第一高分子聚合物层与所述第二电极相对的两个面构成摩擦界面;所述第一电极和所述第二电极为所述气动传感器的电信号输出端。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述第一摩擦部件还包括第二高分子聚合物层;所述第二高分子聚合物层设置在所述第一高分子聚合物层相对所述第二电极的表面上;所述第一高分子聚合物层与所述第一电极相对的两个面和/或所述第二高分子聚合物层与所述第二电极相对的两个面和/或所述第一高分子聚合物与所述第二高分子聚合物层相对的两个面构成摩擦界面;
    当所述气流通过所述进气口进入所述气流通道时,所述第一高分子聚合物层与所述第一电极和/或所述第二高分子聚合物层与所述第二电极和/或第一高分子聚合物层与第二高分子聚合物层摩擦。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述第一摩擦部件包括居间电极;所述第二摩擦部件包括依次层叠设置的第一电极和第一高分子聚合物层;所述第三摩擦部件包括依次层叠设置的第二电极和第二高分子聚合物层;所述第一高分子聚合物层与所述居间电极相对的两个面和/或所述第二高分子聚合物层与所述居间电极相对的两个面构成摩擦界面;
    当所述气流通过所述进气口进入所述气流通道时,所述第一高分子聚合物层与所述居间电极和/或所述第二高分子聚合物与所述居间电极摩擦;所述第一电极、所述第二电极和所述居间电极为所述气动传感器的电信号输出端。
  17. 根据权利要求14-16所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述构成摩擦界面的两个相对面中的至少一个面上设有微纳结构。
  18. 根据权利要求14-17所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述第一高分子聚合物层或所述第二高分子聚合物层的材料选自聚二甲基硅氧烷薄膜、聚酰亚胺薄膜、聚偏氟乙烯薄膜、苯胺甲醛树脂薄膜、聚甲醛薄膜、乙基纤维素薄膜、聚酰胺薄膜、三聚氰胺甲醛薄膜、聚乙二醇丁二酸酯薄膜、纤维 素薄膜、纤维素乙酸酯薄膜、聚己二酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯薄膜、纤维海绵薄膜、聚氨酯弹性体薄膜、苯乙烯丙烯共聚物薄膜、苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物薄膜、人造纤维薄膜、聚甲基薄膜,甲基丙烯酸酯薄膜、聚乙烯醇薄膜、聚酯薄膜、聚异丁烯薄膜、聚氨酯柔性海绵薄膜、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛薄膜、甲醛苯酚薄膜、氯丁橡胶薄膜、丁二烯丙烯共聚物薄膜、天然橡胶薄膜、聚丙烯腈薄膜、丙烯腈氯乙烯薄膜和聚乙烯丙二酚碳酸盐薄膜中的一种。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,
    所述第一摩擦部件、所述第二摩擦部件和所述第三摩擦部件构成全封闭式摩擦发电机;
    所述第二摩擦部件和所述第三摩擦部件被共同配置为围成封闭式空腔的振膜,以及所述第一摩擦部件被配置为处于所述封闭式空腔内部的定膜;在外力作用下,所述振膜与所述定膜之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面;
    所述振膜设置有第一电极层和/或第二电极层;
    所述第一电极层和/或所述第二电极层为所述全封闭式摩擦发电机输出端。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述振膜由第一振膜和第二振膜组成,所述第一振膜和所述第二振膜的端部互相粘结在一起形成所述封闭式空腔;或者,
    所述振膜为一体结构。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述定膜包括层叠设置的至少一层高分子聚合物层;
    所述振膜的一侧表面形成有所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层,所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层不接触;
    所述至少一层高分子聚合物层分别与所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面;或者
    所述至少一层高分子聚合物层分别与所述振膜之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述定膜包括所述第一电极层;
    所述振膜的一侧表面形成有所述第二电极层,所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层不接触;
    所述第一电极层分别与所述振膜或所述第二电极层之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述定膜包括依次层叠设置的第一高分子聚合物层、第一电极层和第二高分子聚合物层;
    所述振膜的一侧表面形成有所述第二电极层,所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层不接触;
    所述第一高分子聚合物层与所述振膜或所述第二电极层之间、所述第二高分子聚合物层与所述振膜或所述第二电极层之间接触摩擦形成摩擦界面。
  24. 根据权利要求20所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,还包括:位于所述空腔外部的支撑部件,所述定膜和所述振膜都固定在所述支撑部件上。
  25. 根据权利要求1所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述气动传感器还包括信号处理系统,所述信号处理系统包括:与所述气动传感器的电信号输出端连接的信号预处理模块,以及与所述信号预处理模块连接的信号控制模块;
    所述信号预处理模块,用于采集所述气动传感器的输出信号,根据所述输出信号与预设阈值的比较结果,得到标志位信号;
    所述信号控制模块,用于接收所述信号预处理模块输出的标志位信号,通过对所述标志位信号进行分析处理得到触发工作信号。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述信号预处理模块包括:电压信号采样单元,用于采集所述气动传感器的输出信号,将所述输出信号的电压与预设电压阈值进行比较,若所述输出信号的电压低于所述预设电压阈值,则得到低电平标志位信号;若所述输出信号的电压高于或等于所述预设电压阈值,则得到高电平标志位信号。
  27. 根据权利要求25所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述信号预处 理模块包括:频率信号采样单元,用于采集所述气动传感器的输出信号,将所述输出信号的频率与预设频率范围进行比较,若所述输出信号的频率不属于所述预设频率范围,则得到低电平标志位信号;若所述输出信号的频率属于所述预设频率范围,则得到高电平标志位信号。
  28. 根据权利要求25所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述信号预处理模块包括:用于将所述输出信号的电压与预设电压阈值进行比较的电压信号采样单元和用于将所述输出信号的频率与预设频率范围进行比较的频率信号采样单元;
    若所述输出信号的电压高于或等于所述预设电压阈值且所述输出信号的频率属于所述预设频率范围,则得到高电平标志位信号;
    若所述输出信号的电压低于所述预设电压阈值和/或所述输出信号的频率不属于所述预设频率范围,则得到低电平标志位信号。
  29. 根据权利要求26或27或28所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述信号控制模块具体用于在分析得到所述标志位信号为高电平标志位信号时,根据所述高电平标志位信号的持续时间得到触发工作信号。
  30. 根据权利要求25-28任一项所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,还包括:与所述信号控制模块连接的信号显示模块;
    所述信号显示模块,用于根据所述触发工作信号显示所述气动传感器的工作状态。
  31. 根据权利要求29所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,还包括:与所述信号控制模块连接的信号显示模块;
    所述信号显示模块,用于根据所述触发工作信号显示所述气动传感器的工作状态。
  32. 根据权利要求25所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,还包括:供电模块,用于为所述信号预处理模块和所述信号控制模块进行供电。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的气动传感器,其特征在于,所述供电模块与所述信号预处理模块、所述信号控制模块的集成为一片式结构或分立式结构。
  34. 一种电子烟,其特征在于,包括:如权利要求1-33任一项所述的气动传感器。
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