WO2017012506A1 - 一种基于智能电表的费用管理系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种基于智能电表的费用管理系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017012506A1
WO2017012506A1 PCT/CN2016/090130 CN2016090130W WO2017012506A1 WO 2017012506 A1 WO2017012506 A1 WO 2017012506A1 CN 2016090130 W CN2016090130 W CN 2016090130W WO 2017012506 A1 WO2017012506 A1 WO 2017012506A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
deduction
user
smart meter
credit
cloud platform
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2016/090130
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈声荣
蔡高琰
梁炳基
Original Assignee
广东浩迪创新科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201510424431.5A external-priority patent/CN105069916B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201510424447.6A external-priority patent/CN105182033A/zh
Application filed by 广东浩迪创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 广东浩迪创新科技有限公司
Priority to CN201680021038.4A priority Critical patent/CN107533780A/zh
Publication of WO2017012506A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017012506A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R11/00—Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
    • G01R11/56—Special tariff meters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F15/00—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity
    • G07F15/06—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity with means for prepaying basic charges, e.g. rent for meters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of charge management informationization, in particular to a fee management system and method based on a smart meter.
  • the smart meter is a smart terminal of the smart grid. It is not a meter in the traditional sense. In addition to the metering function of the basic power consumption of the traditional meter, the smart meter has two-way multiple rates in order to adapt to the use of the smart grid and new energy. Intelligent functions such as metering function, mobile terminal control function, two-way data communication function of multiple data transmission modes, anti-stealing function, etc. The smart meter represents the development direction of the intelligent terminal of the energy-saving smart grid end user in the future.
  • the smart meter has the charging function and the automatic power-off function, the user often loses the user's balance due to forgetting the recharge, which is easy to cause power failure and unnecessary loss for the user; if the unified pre-consumption method is adopted, the malicious The situation of excessive power consumption cannot be controlled, which is likely to cause loss of power supply units.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a system for accomplishing unified management of a plurality of expenses by using a smart meter, and a system for withholding fees that can be excessively consumed according to a credit limit and can effectively avoid malicious arrears.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method for accomplishing unified management of a plurality of expenses by using a smart meter, and a method for withholding fees that can be excessively consumed according to a credit line and can effectively avoid arrears.
  • a smart meter-based fee management system includes a smart meter and a cloud platform center, and the smart meter communicates with the cloud platform center through a network;
  • the smart meter manages the user balance, and the at least two types of fees and the deduction parameters thereof, and performs a deduction charge according to the deduction parameter corresponding to any one of the at least two deduction parameters and generates a deduction charge record. ;
  • the cloud platform center is configured to receive and store the chargeback record.
  • the smart meter comprises:
  • a recharge management function module configured to store the user balance, the at least two types of fees, and the deduction parameter, and the deduction parameter corresponding to any fee includes a deduction item and a deduction The deduction time and deduction amount corresponding to the fee item;
  • the processing module is configured to periodically check the enabled deduction item, perform deduction according to the deduction parameter, and generate a deduction record.
  • the smart meter further comprises:
  • An alarm module configured to alarm when the user balance is less than a system set value or insufficient to offset the deduction amount, prompting the user to recharge;
  • the power control module is configured to control the smart meter to cause the smart meter to be in a power off state or a power supply state.
  • the smart meter or cloud platform center further includes a credit management module, configured to generate a credit line to offset the deduction amount;
  • the credit management module includes:
  • a credit rating module for evaluating a user credit rating based on a user's credit base and/or historical power usage data and/or historical payment status
  • a credit limit calculation module configured to calculate a user credit limit according to a relationship between a user credit rating and a credit limit
  • the output of the credit rating module is coupled to the input of the credit limit calculation module.
  • the smart meter or cloud platform center further includes a data collection module, configured to collect and count user credit base data, historical power consumption data, and historical payment data, and the output end of the data collection module and the credit rating module The input is connected.
  • a data collection module configured to collect and count user credit base data, historical power consumption data, and historical payment data, and the output end of the data collection module and the credit rating module The input is connected.
  • the mobile terminal is further included,
  • the mobile terminal communicates with the cloud platform center and the smart meter respectively;
  • the mobile terminal is configured to read, store, and display user balances, credit quotas, deduction parameters, deduction records, and smart meter status information stored in the smart meter or cloud platform center and directly to the smart meter or through the cloud.
  • the platform center writes the user balance, credit limit and deduction parameters to the smart meter.
  • a method for performing fee management according to the fee management system comprising the steps of:
  • S1 writing a user balance, at least two types of fees and a deduction parameter thereof in the smart meter, and each of the deduction parameters includes a deduction item and a deduction time and a deduction amount corresponding to the deduction item;
  • the smart meter periodically checks the enabled deduction item, and performs deduction according to the deduction parameter corresponding to the deduction item and generates a deduction record;
  • the smart meter uploads the charge record to the cloud platform center.
  • the method further comprises the steps of:
  • D1 rating the credit rating for the user, and rating the user credit rating according to the user's credit base and/or historical power consumption data and/or historical payment status;
  • the smart meter stores the credit line.
  • step S2 comprises the following steps:
  • the smart meter periodically checks the enabled deduction items
  • step S22 checking whether the sum of the user balance and the credit limit is less than the system set value or insufficient to deduct the deduction amount corresponding to the deduction item, if not, proceeding to step S23;
  • Step S23 determining whether it is the deduction time corresponding to the deduction item, and if yes, executing Step S24, otherwise exiting;
  • step S22 it is checked whether the sum of the user balance and the credit limit is less than a system setting value or insufficient to offset the deduction amount corresponding to the deduction item, and if yes, the alarm prompts the user to recharge .
  • the invention fully utilizes the function of the smart meter to uniformly use the meter to charge a plurality of living expenses. On the one hand, it simplifies the payment procedure, which is convenient for customers to use and enhances the user experience. On the other hand, each user uses the electricity meter to pay the relevant expenses, which shares the calculation amount of the central server, realizes the optimal utilization of resources and distributes the payment and unified.
  • the management function saves the collection cost of various living expenses and has good economic and social benefits.
  • the invention can be widely applied to various charging management systems.
  • the invention evaluates the user credit rating according to the user history information, and provides the user with a credit line according to the user credit rating.
  • it overcomes the inconvenience and loss caused by the power outage of the smart meter user in the prior art;
  • the dynamic allocation of credit limit is used to effectively avoid malicious arrears to the management party such as the power supply unit, the water supply unit and the gas supply unit.
  • the loss brought by the property company but also simple, stable and reliable, with good economic and social benefits.
  • the invention can be widely applied to billing systems of various smart meters.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fee management system based on a smart meter according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing the structure of a smart meter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of a first embodiment of the method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of a second embodiment of the method of the present invention.
  • a smart meter-based fee management system includes a smart meter 1 , a cloud platform center 2 , and a mobile terminal 3 .
  • the smart meter 1 and the mobile terminal 3 and the cloud platform center 2 communicate remotely through the network.
  • the electric meter 1 and the mobile terminal 3 perform remote communication through a network or short-range communication via a short-range communication method such as Bluetooth.
  • the smart meter 1 stores the user balance, more than one type or at least two types of fees and their deduction parameters, performs deduction and generates a corresponding deduction record.
  • the fee charged by the smart meter 1 includes, but is not limited to, a house rental fee and/or a property management fee and/or a water fee and/or an electricity fee and/or a gas fee. More specifically, since the smart meter is used as a metering device in the power network, the above fee includes at least an electricity fee and any other fee.
  • the deduction parameter corresponding to each fee includes a deduction item (ie, a name corresponding to a fee, and of course, the form may be not limited to a name, but may also be a name abbreviation, a serial number or a specific number or code, etc.),
  • the deduction time and the deduction amount of the item fee for example, when the fee is the property management fee, the corresponding deduction item can be called the property fee or the property management fee, and the corresponding deduction time can be 1st of each month, or
  • the deduction is made once every 6 months, and the corresponding deduction amount is the agreed amount. For example, it can be 100 yuan per month.
  • the time and number in the above deduction time and deduction amount are only examples, and the present invention is not carried out. limited.
  • the system can pre-set the deduction item for the user to select.
  • the user can also define the fee type that needs to be managed by the smart meter through the cloud platform center or the mobile terminal and customize the deduction item.
  • the smart meter 1 supports a variety of fees for writing a variety of living expenses, and in theory can be countless.
  • the amount of fees depends on the needs of multiple users. At runtime, you can arbitrarily select the fees you need to enable for fee management, and you can also deactivate one or several types of fees you choose.
  • Information such as user balance, credit limit, and deduction parameters can be written to the smart meter 1 through the cloud platform center 2 or the mobile terminal 3.
  • the credit line is a credit rating of the user calculated based on the user's credit base and/or historical power consumption data and/or historical payment status, and based on the relationship between the user credit rating and the credit amount.
  • the credit limit may be used for deduction.
  • the credit limit is used as an overdraft amount, and the unit of measurement may be the same as the unit of the user balance and the deduction amount, for example, "Yuan", of course, can also use other currency units.
  • the credit line When the deduction item is an electricity fee, that is, when the credit line is used to offset the electricity fee, the credit line may be the excess electricity consumption time or the excess electricity consumption amount or the excess electricity consumption amount, and the corresponding credit limit unit may adopt the “hour” respectively. "Yuan" "kWh”, this is because the smart meter 1 also has the metering function of the ordinary meter, which can support the real-time measurement of the user's power consumption and power consumption time.
  • the smart meter 1 stores the user balance, credit limit, and deduction parameters, and performs a deduction action when the deduction is required according to the deduction parameter, generates a corresponding deduction record, and sends the deduction record to the cloud platform center 2.
  • the chargeback record includes but is not limited to: deduction item, deduction time, deduction amount, user balance before deduction and deduction, credit limit, etc.
  • the cloud platform center 2 receives and stores information such as the above-mentioned user balance, credit limit, chargeback record, chargeback parameter, and status information of the smart meter 1.
  • the cloud platform center includes a communication server for implementing communication with the smart meter and the mobile terminal, and a database server module for storing the above information and sharing the information to the PC management software and/or the mobile terminal APP.
  • the mobile terminal 3 can read, store or display the user balance, credit limit, deduction parameter, deduction record, recharge record, and status information of the smart meter 1 stored in the smart meter 1 or the cloud platform center 2, and the foregoing status information.
  • the power supply state of the smart meter 1 is included, for example, the power-off state of the power-off or the power-on state of the power-on, and the alarm information of the smart meter 1 is also included.
  • the mobile terminal 3 can receive the alarm information that the cloud platform center 2 and/or the smart meter 1 transmits insufficient balance of the user.
  • the mobile terminal 3 may not be provided, and the information such as the user balance, the credit limit, and the deduction parameter may be directly written into the smart meter 1 through the cloud platform center 2 or the input module 19 of the smart meter 1 and passed through the smart
  • the memory chip 15 and the display module 16 disposed inside the meter 1 itself respectively read, store, and display the user balance, the credit limit, the charge parameter, the charge record, and the status of the smart meter 1 stored in the smart meter 1 or the cloud platform center 2.
  • the information is sent through the alarm module 17 set inside the smart meter 1 to issue an alarm message with insufficient user balance to sound and light alarm to the user.
  • the smart meter 1 further includes a recharge management function module 11 for storing the user balance and the deduction parameter corresponding to the fee type and the fee type; the processing module 12 is configured to periodically check the enabled deduction item, according to the deduction charge.
  • the parameter performs a deduction and generates a debit record;
  • the credit management module 13 is configured to generate a credit line to offset the fee;
  • the power control module 14 is used to The smart meter 1 is controlled to put the smart meter 1 in a power-off state or a power-on state;
  • the data collecting module 18 is configured to collect and count the user's credit base data, historical power consumption data, and historical payment data.
  • the power control module 14 controls the smart meter 1 to be turned on or off to cause the smart meter 1 to be in a power-off state or a power-on state.
  • the credit management module 13 includes a credit rating module 131 and a credit limit calculation module 132.
  • the output of the credit assessment module 131 is connected to the input of the credit limit calculation module 132, and the credit assessment module 131 is configured to use the credit base and/or history of the user.
  • the user credit rating is evaluated using the electrical data and/or historical payment status; the credit limit calculation module 132 is configured to calculate the user credit limit based on the relationship between the user credit rating and the credit limit.
  • the house administrator or the property manager writes the house rental fee and/or the property management fee and/or the water fee and/or the electricity fee to the smart meter 1 through the cloud platform center 2 or the mobile terminal 3.
  • the deduction parameters include the deduction charge item, the deduction time corresponding to the deduction item and the deduction amount, wherein the house rental fee and/or the property management fee can be directly determined.
  • the fee and/or gas fee is determined by manual or automatic meter reading, and the electricity fee is determined by the electricity metering function of the smart meter 1 itself.
  • the user can deposit a certain balance through the mobile terminal 3 or the cloud platform center 2 according to his own usage.
  • the smart meter 1 When the deduction time needs to be deducted, the smart meter 1 directly deducts the fee from the user balance, when the user balance and the above credit limit are used.
  • the alarm module 17 of the smart meter 1 When the fee is insufficient to deduct the fee, the alarm module 17 of the smart meter 1 performs an audible and visual alarm or an alarm to the mobile terminal 3 or the cloud platform center 2 sends an alarm message to the mobile terminal 3, and after the alarm is still insufficient for the user to pay the fee, Then, the smart meter 1 performs an automatic power-off to further prompt the user to renew the fee.
  • the credit management module 13 is configured to manage the credit line of the user, and the credit line generated by the credit management system can also be used to pay the credit amount when the user does not have the timely renewal fee, so that the user is inconvenienced and lost due to power outage.
  • the data collection module 18, the credit rating module 131, and the credit limit calculation module 132 may also be disposed in the cloud platform center 2, and the cloud platform center 2 sends the user credit line to the smart meter 1, and the smart meter 1 receives And storing the user credit limit, and controlling the smart meter 1 according to the user credit limit, the user balance and the deduction parameter to make the smart meter 1 in the power-off state or the power supply state.
  • the present invention also provides a method for performing fee management based on the fee management system, including the steps of:
  • S1 writing a user balance, at least two types of fees and a deduction parameter thereof in the smart meter, and each of the deduction parameters includes a deduction item and a deduction time and a deduction amount corresponding to the deduction item;
  • the smart meter 1 periodically checks the enabled deduction item, and performs deduction according to the deduction parameter corresponding to the deduction item and generates a deduction record;
  • the smart meter 1 uploads the charge record to the cloud platform center.
  • a method for performing fee management based on a smart meter includes the steps of S1 (not shown), and inputting a charge parameter corresponding to a fee type and a fee type and a user balance in the smart meter 1.
  • S21 Smart Meter 1 periodically checks the enabled deductions and deduction time or deduction period.
  • S22 checking whether the smart meter user balance is sufficient, the following criteria may be used to determine whether the sufficient: if the user balance is lower than the system setting, for example, low At 10 yuan, 20 yuan or 100 yuan, or when the user balance is insufficient to offset the deductible amount, it is determined that the user balance is insufficient.
  • step S23 If the user balance is sufficient, the process proceeds to step S23, and if the user balance is insufficient, the user is prompted to recharge. And quit. S23, detecting whether the current deduction time is. S24. If the result of the determination in step S23 is YES, the corresponding deduction operation is performed and the deduction charge record is stored, and then exited; if the result of the determination in step S23 is NO, the operation is exited. S4 (not shown), the smart meter 1 uploads the charge record to the cloud platform center 2.
  • step S23 After determining that the balance of the user is insufficient, the user is prompted to recharge, and the process proceeds to step S23.
  • step S24 the deduction operation is performed and the deduction charge record is stored, that is, the user balance is deducted from the deduction amount. At this time, the latest user balance recorded in the deduction record is 0 or a negative value.
  • the deductions include, but are not limited to, rental fees and/or property management fees and/or water and/or electricity and/or gas charges.
  • the deduction amount corresponding to the deduction item is the amount of the fixed amount stored in the smart meter or the amount of the manual input smart meter or the smart meter receives the amount from the cloud platform center 2 or the mobile terminal 3.
  • step S6 may be: the smart meter 1 first uploads the charge record to the mobile terminal, and then the mobile terminal 3 uploads the charge record to the cloud platform center 2; or the smart meter 1 directly uploads the charge record to the cloud Platform Center 2.
  • the method further includes the step of: S7, the cloud platform center 2 stores the chargeback record, and notifies the user of the chargeback situation or the smart meter 1 directly performs an alarm to prompt the user to pay and recharge.
  • the smart meter 1 of the invention has the basic function of the electric meter and can be charged according to the set fee. Rate, automatically deduct the electricity bill from the meter user balance, and record the electricity consumption data.
  • the meter can also support the chargeback function: the meter automatically deducts the relevant fees from the balance of the meter user and stores the detailed charge record according to the set charge item and the chargeback time. It can be set to automatically perform the pull operation when the meter user balance is less than the system set value, and the user cannot continue to use the power. Or when the balance of the meter user is less than the deduction, an alarm will be sent to inform the user to recharge. If the user still does not pay after the alarm, the smart meter 1 is powered off to further prompt the user to renew the fee. After the user recharges, the meter automatically turns on and restores the power supply. Of course, for safety reasons, the power can be restored by manual closing.
  • the smart meter has a recharge management function module, and the user can recharge the smart meter through the mobile terminal and/or the cloud platform center, and statistically record the recharge status.
  • the user can connect to the cloud platform center through the mobile phone service program to perform power purchase, and store the purchase completion record in the smart meter.
  • the service program is installed in the mobile phone, and the mobile phone and the electric meter can be connected via Bluetooth. The specific steps are as follows:
  • A1 the user purchases electricity through the mobile phone service program
  • the user pays for the purchase order through the mobile phone
  • the cloud platform center generates a recharge code and delivers it to the mobile phone through the mobile internet;
  • the mobile phone service program sends the recharge code to the electricity meter through communication methods such as Bluetooth and WiFi;
  • the meter accepts the recharge code and verifies the legality of the recharge code
  • A6 record the recharge code verified by legality and record the recharge amount to complete the recharge process.
  • the cloud platform center After performing the above step A2, that is, after the user pays for the purchase order through the mobile phone, The following steps are adopted: the cloud platform center generates a recharge code and directly sends it to the smart meter; or the cloud platform center generates a recharge record, updates the user balance, and sends the updated user balance to the smart meter and the mobile phone.
  • the system can automatically synchronize the meter deduction record, the user can check the detailed deduction record of the meter and the statistics deduction. Specific steps are as follows:
  • the meter performs the withholding fee operation and stores the chargeback record
  • the mobile phone service program automatically reads the meter deduction record
  • the mobile phone service program uploads the meter deduction fee to the cloud platform center;
  • the cloud platform center notifies the user of the charge.
  • the meter performs the withholding fee operation and stores the deduction record
  • the meter directly uploads the charge record to the cloud platform center
  • the cloud platform center sends the deduction fee to the mobile phone or mobile terminal to notify the customer.
  • the invention fully utilizes the function of the smart meter 1 and uniformly utilizes the meter deduction fee for a plurality of living expenses. On the one hand, it simplifies the payment procedure, which is convenient for customers to use and enhances the user experience. On the other hand, each user uses the electricity meter to pay the relevant expenses, which shares the calculation amount of the central server, realizes the optimal utilization of resources and distributes the payment and unified.
  • the management function reduces the cost collection cost and has good economic and social benefits.
  • the invention can be widely applied to various charging management systems.
  • a credit management charging method of the smart meter system comprising the steps of: D1, rating the credit level for the user; D2, according to the user credit rating The user provides a credit line.
  • the step D1 is specifically: rating the user credit rating according to the user's credit base and/or historical consumption data and/or historical payment status.
  • the user level can be increased or decreased.
  • the more records of arrears (the worse the historical payment situation) the lower the user level.
  • step D1 further comprises a sub-step: D11, using the cloud platform center to count the historical power consumption data and/or historical payment status of the user; D12, the cloud platform center is combined with historical power consumption data and/or historical payment status and/or The credit base calculates the user's user level. Since the user's power consumption data and payment status will be fed back to the cloud platform center, the cloud platform center can be conveniently used to make historical power consumption data and/or historical payment statistics.
  • step D2 specifically includes the sub-step: D21, inputting a user credit line (manual input) directly at the cloud platform center according to the user credit level; or the cloud platform center automatically generating the user credit line according to the correspondence between the user level and the credit line (automatically Input); D22, the cloud platform center transmits the credit line to the smart meter through the network, and the network can be the Internet or the mobile internet.
  • D21 inputting a user credit line (manual input) directly at the cloud platform center according to the user credit level; or the cloud platform center automatically generating the user credit line according to the correspondence between the user level and the credit line (automatically Input);
  • D22 the cloud platform center transmits the credit line to the smart meter through the network
  • the network can be the Internet or the mobile internet.
  • the credit line includes, but is not limited to, excess power usage time and/or excess power usage amount and/or excess power usage.
  • the method further includes the step of: D3, the smart meter stores the user credit limit; D4, the smart meter periodically monitors whether the user's current user balance is used up; if yes, the credit limit is enabled to continue the power supply, and the user is notified to recharge; D5, continue to monitor whether the credit limit is used up; D6, if the credit limit is used up, the control is used The electric line is powered off.
  • the smart meter In a nutshell, the smart meter first uses the user balance, the user balance is insufficient, and then the credit limit is used (and the user's balance is used up). If the credit limit is insufficient, the power will be cut off. In this way, the user does not suddenly power off due to forgetting to pay the electricity fee, allocates a transition time for the user to recharge, and reduces the inconvenience and unnecessary loss caused by the sudden power failure of the user.
  • the step D12 is specifically: the cloud platform center periodically updates the user level of the user by combining the historical power consumption data and/or the historical payment situation and/or the credit base; the step D21 is specifically: periodically according to the user credit rating.
  • the cloud platform center inputs the user credit limit; or the cloud platform center periodically updates the user credit line according to the correspondence between the user level and the credit limit. Since the user's user level is updated regularly, when there is a malicious default or multiple occurrences, the cloud platform center can lower the user's credit rating according to the user's historical power consumption data and historical payment, thereby reducing the user credit limit. Avoid or reduce the loss of management units.

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Abstract

公开了一种基于智能电表的费用管理系统及方法。该系统包括智能电表以及云平台中心，智能电表与云平台中心通过网络进行通讯，智能电表管理至少两种费种对应的费用，执行扣费并产生扣费记录；云平台中心用于接收扣费记录、向智能电表写入管理所需的扣费参数。该系统充分利用智能电表功能，把多种生活费用统一利用电表扣费。一方面简化了缴费程序，方便客户使用；另一方面，由于每个用户均使用电表代缴相关费用，分担了中心服务器的计算量，实现资源的优化利用和分布缴费、统一管理的功能。该系统可广泛应用于各种收费管理系统。

Description

一种基于智能电表的费用管理系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及收费管理信息化领域，尤其涉及一种基于智能电表的费用管理系统及方法。
背景技术
智能电表是智能电网的智能终端，它已经不是传统意义上的电表，智能电表除了具备传统电表基本用电量的计量功能以外，为了适应智能电网和新能源的使用它还具有双向多种费率计量功能、移动终端控制功能、多种数据传输模式的双向数据通信功能、防窃电功能等智能化的功能，智能电表代表着未来节能型智能电网最终用户智能化终端的发展方向。
随着人们生活水平的提高和科技的进步，人们的生活质量得到了大幅提升，而生活质量的提升离不开各种服务：房屋出租、物业管理、水供应、电供应、燃气供应等。人们在享受这些服务的同时也要为这些服务支付费用。由于费用种类繁多，而且均由不同的单位收取，用户在缴费时需要到多个地方或者到多个账户分别缴费，缴费程序繁琐，造成了人力资源和时间资源的极大浪费。现有技术中虽然可以通过绑定银行账户统一扣费，但是扣费程序均在中心服务器完成，由于用户众多，数据量巨大，容易造成中心服务器超负荷运作，不利于系统的稳定，也不利于快速扣费的动作执行。
同时，由于智能电表具有计费功能和自动断电功能，用户在使用过程中常常因为忘记充值导致用户余额不足，容易引起断电，造成用户不必要损失；如果采用统一预消费的方法，对于恶意超额用电的情况无法把控，容易造成供电单位的损失。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种利用智能电表完成多项费用统一管理的系统，以及一种既可根据信用额度超额消费，又可有效规避恶意欠费的代扣费系统。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种利用智能电表完成多项费用统一管理的方法，以及一种既可根据信用额度超额消费，又可有效规避欠费的代扣费方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种基于智能电表的费用管理系统，其包括智能电表以及云平台中心，所述智能电表与所述云平台中心通过网络进行通讯；
所述智能电表管理用户余额、和至少两种费种及其扣费参数，根据所述至少两种扣费参数中任一种任一费种对应的扣费参数执行扣费并产生扣费记录；
所述云平台中心用于接收及存储所述扣费记录。
优选地，所述智能电表包括：
充值管理功能模块，用于存储所述用户余额、所述至少两种费种和所述扣费参数，任一费种对应的所述扣费参数包括扣费项目以及扣 费项目对应的扣费时间和扣费金额；
处理模块，用于定期检查启用的扣费项目，根据所述扣费参数执行扣费并产生扣费记录。
优选地，所述智能电表还包括：
报警模块，用于在所述用户余额小于系统设定值或不足以抵扣所述扣费金额时进行报警，提示用户充值；以及
用电控制模块，用于控制所述智能电表以使所述智能电表处于断电状态或供电状态。
优选地，所述智能电表或云平台中心还包括信用管理模块，用于产生信用额度以抵扣所述扣费金额；
所述信用管理模块包括：
信用等级评定模块，用于根据用户的信用基数和/或历史用电数据和/或历史缴费情况评价用户信用等级；
信用额度计算模块，用于根据用户信用等级和信用额度的关系计算出用户信用额度；
所述信用等级评定模块的输出端与信用额度计算模块的输入端连接。
优选地，所述智能电表或云平台中心还包括数据采集模块，用于采集和统计用户的信用基数数据、历史用电数据和历史缴费数据，所述数据采集模块的输出端与信用等级评定模块的输入端连接。
优选地，还包括移动终端，
所述移动终端与所述云平台中心和所述智能电表分别进行通讯；
所述移动终端用于读取、存储、显示所述智能电表或云平台中心中存储的用户余额、信用额度、扣费参数、扣费记录和智能电表状态信息并直接向智能电表中或通过云平台中心向智能电表中写入用户余额、信用额度和扣费参数。
一种按照所述费用管理系统进行费用管理的方法，包括步骤：
S1，在智能电表中写入用户余额、至少两种费种及其扣费参数，每种所述扣费参数包括扣费项目以及扣费项目所对应的扣费时间和扣费金额；
S2，智能电表定期检查启用的扣费项目，根据扣费项目所对应的扣费参数执行扣费并产生扣费记录；
S3，智能电表将所述扣费记录上传到云平台中心。
优选地，还包括步骤：
D1，为用户评定信用等级，根据用户的信用基数和/或历史用电数据和/或历史缴费情况评定用户信用等级；
D2，根据用户信用等级为用户提供信用额度；
D3，智能电表存储所述信用额度。
优选地，步骤S2包括以下步骤：
S21，智能电表定期检查启用的扣费项目；
S22，检查所述用户余额与信用额度之和是否小于系统设定值或不足以抵扣所述扣费项目所对应的扣费金额，如果否，则执行步骤S23；
S23，判断是否为扣费项目所对应的扣费时间，如果是，则执行 步骤S24，否则退出；
S24，从所述用户余额中扣除扣费金额，产生并存储扣费记录。
优选地，在执行步骤S22时，检查用户余额与所述信用额度之和是否小于系统设定值或不足以抵扣所述扣费项目所对应的扣费金额，如果是，则报警提示用户充值。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明充分利用智能电表功能，把多项生活费用统一利用电表扣费。一方面简化了缴费程序，方便客户使用，增强用户体验；另一方面，由于每个用户的均使用电表代缴相关费用，分担了中心服务器的计算量，实现资源的优化利用和分布缴费、统一管理的功能，节约了各项生活费用的收缴成本，具有良好的经济和社会效益。本发明可广泛应用于各种收费管理系统。
本发明通过根据用户历史信息评定用户信用等级，并根据用户信用等级为用户提供信用额度。一方面克服了现有技术中智能电表用户余额用完即断电造成的不便和损失；另一方面利用动态分配信用额度，有效避免恶意欠费给管理方如供电单位、供水单位、供气单位或物业公司带来的损失，而且实现简单，稳定可靠，具有良好的经济和社会效益。本发明可广泛应用于各种智能电表的计费系统。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明：
图1为本发明基于智能电表的费用管理系统的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的智能电表的结构示意框图；
图3是本发明方法第一实施例的方法流程图。
图4是本发明方法第二实施例的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
如图1所示，一种基于智能电表的费用管理系统，其包括智能电表1、云平台中心2以及移动终端3，智能电表1以及移动终端3与云平台中心2通过网络进行远程通讯，智能电表1与移动终端3之间通过网络进行远程通讯或通过蓝牙等短程通讯方式进行短程通讯。
智能电表1存储了用户余额、不止一种或者说至少两种费种及其扣费参数，执行扣费并产生相应的扣费记录。
智能电表1存储的费种包括但不限于房屋租赁费和/或物业管理费和/或水费和/或电费和/或燃气费等费用。更具体地，由于智能电表作为电力网络中的计量装置，因此上述费种至少包括电费及其他任一费种。对应于每种费种的扣费参数包括扣费项目(即对应于某费种的名称，当然，其形式可不仅限于名称，也可为名称缩写、序列号或特定编号或代码等)、该项费用的扣费时间以及扣费金额，例如当该项费用为物业管理费时，所对应的扣费项目可以叫做物业费或物业管理费，所对应的扣费时间可以是每月1号，或者每6个月扣费1次，所对应的扣费金额为约定的数额，例如可以是每月100元，以上扣费时间、扣费金额中的时间和数字仅为举例，并不对本发明进行限定。 系统可以预先设定好扣费项目供用户选择，用户也可以通过云平台中心或移动终端自行定义需要通过智能电表进行管理的费种并自定义扣费项目。
智能电表1支持写入多种生活费用对应的多种费种，理论上可以是无数种。费种数量取决于多方用户的需求。在运行时，可以任意选择需要启用的费种进行费用管理，当然也可以根据需要停用所选择的某种或某几种费种。
通过云平台中心2或移动终端3可以向智能电表1中写入用户余额、信用额度和扣费参数等信息。信用额度为根据用户的信用基数和/或历史用电数据和/或历史缴费情况评价用户信用等级，并且根据用户信用等级和信用额度的关系计算出的用户的信用额度。用户储存的用户余额不足以进行扣费时，可以使用信用额度进行扣费，在这种情况下，信用额度作为一种可透支金额，其计量单位可以与用户余额和扣费金额的单位一样，例如“元”，当然也可以采用其他货币单位。当扣费项目为电费时，即信用额度用于抵扣电费时，信用额度可以是超额用电时间或超额用电金额或超额用电量，相应的信用额度的单位就分别可以采用“小时”、“元”“千瓦时”，这是由于智能电表1还具有普通电表的计量功能，可以支持对用户用电量和用电时间的实时计量。智能电表1对用户余额、信用额度、扣费参数进行存储，并根据扣费参数在需要扣费时执行扣费动作，产生相应的扣费记录，并将扣费记录发送至云平台中心2。扣费记录包括但不限于：扣费项目、扣费时间、扣费金额、扣费之前和扣费之后的用户余额、信用额度等。
云平台中心2接收并存储上述用户余额、信用额度、扣费记录、扣费参数和智能电表1的状态信息等信息。云平台中心包括通讯服务器，用于实现与智能电表和移动终端之间的通讯，还包括数据库服务器模块，用于存储上述信息，并将信息共享给PC管理软件和/或移动终端APP等。
移动终端3可以读取、存储或显示存储在智能电表1或云平台中心2中的用户余额、信用额度、扣费参数、扣费记录、充值记录和智能电表1的状态信息等，上述状态信息包括智能电表1的供电状态，例如：拉闸断电状态或合闸供电状态，还包括智能电表1的报警信息等。并且通过移动终端3能够接收云平台中心2和/或智能电表1发送的用户余额不足的报警信息。
在其余的实施例中，可以不设置移动终端3，通过云平台中心2或智能电表1的输入模块19直接向智能电表1中写入用户余额、信用额度和扣费参数等信息，并通过智能电表1本身内部设置的存储芯片15以及显示模块16分别读取、存储以及显示智能电表1或云平台中心2中存储的用户余额、信用额度、扣费参数、扣费记录和智能电表1的状态等信息，通过智能电表1内部设置的报警模块17发出用户余额不足的报警信息，对用户进行声光报警。
如图2所示，智能电表1还包括充值管理功能模块11，用于存储用户余额及费种和费种对应的扣费参数；处理模块12用于定期检查启用的扣费项目，根据扣费参数执行扣费并产生扣费记录；信用管理模块13用于产生信用额度以抵扣所述费用；用电控制模块14用于 控制智能电表1以使智能电表1处于断电状态或供电状态；数据采集模块18用于采集和统计用户的信用基数数据、历史用电数据和历史缴费数据。
在本实施例中，用电控制模块14控制智能电表1拉闸或合闸以使智能电表1处于断电状态或供电状态。
信用管理模块13包括信用等级评定模块131以及信用额度计算模块132，信用评定模块131的输出端与信用额度计算模块132的输入端连接，信用评定模块131用于根据用户的信用基数和/或历史用电数据和/或历史缴费情况评价用户信用等级；信用额度计算模块132用于根据用户信用等级和信用额度的关系计算出用户信用额度。
在具体使用过程中，根据用户需要，房屋管理员或物业管理员通过云平台中心2或移动终端3向智能电表1写入房屋租赁费和/或物业管理费和/或水费和/或电费和/或燃气费等费种及其扣费参数，扣费参数包括扣费项目、扣费项目对应的扣费时间及扣费金额，其中房屋租赁费和/或物业管理费可以直接确定，水费和/或燃气费由手动或自动抄表确定，电费由智能电表1自身所带的电费计量功能确定。用户可以根据自己的使用情况通过移动终端3或云平台中心2存入一定余额，在到了扣费时间需要扣费时，智能电表1直接从用户余额中进行扣费，当用户余额与上述信用额度之和不足以抵扣费用时，智能电表1的报警模块17进行声光报警或向移动终端3报警或者云平台中心2向移动终端3发送报警短信，在报警后用户仍不足额缴费的情况下，则智能电表1进行自动断电以进一步提示用户续交费用。
信用管理模块13用于对用户的信用额度进行管理，其产生的信用额度，也可以在用户没有及时续费导致用户余额不足的时候先行使用信用额度进行缴费，从而避免用户被停电造成不便和损失。
在其余的实施例中，数据采集模块18、信用等级评定模块131和信用额度计算模块132也可以设置在云平台中心2，云平台中心2将用户信用额度发送到智能电表1，智能电表1接收并存储用户信用额度，并根据用户信用额度、用户余额和扣费参数来控制智能电表1以使智能电表1处于断电状态或供电状态。
同时，本发明还提供一种基于所述费用管理系统进行费用管理的方法，包括步骤：
S1，在智能电表中写入用户余额、至少两种费种及其扣费参数，每种所述扣费参数包括扣费项目以及扣费项目所对应的扣费时间和扣费金额；
S2，智能电表1定期检查启用的扣费项目，根据扣费项目所对应的扣费参数执行扣费并产生扣费记录；
S3，智能电表1将扣费记录上传到云平台中心。
具体实施例1
如图3所示，一种基于智能电表进行费用管理的方法，其包括步骤：S1(图中未示出)，在智能电表1中输入费种和费种对应的扣费参数以及用户余额。S21，智能电表1定期检查启用的扣费项目和扣费时间或扣费周期。S22，检查智能电表用户余额是否充足，可以采用如下标准来判断是否充足：如果用户余额低于系统设定值，例如低 于10元、20元或100元时，或者用户余额不足以抵扣应扣费金额时，则判定用户余额不足，如果用户余额充足，则进入步骤S23，如果用户余额不足，则提示用户充值，并退出。S23，检测当前是否为扣费时间。S24，如果步骤S23判断结果为是，则执行相应扣费操作并存储扣费记录，然后退出；如果步骤S23判断结果为否，则退出。S4(图中未示出)，智能电表1将扣费记录上传到云平台中心2。
当然，在检查智能电表用户余额是否充足时，如果是用户余额不足以抵扣应扣费金额的情况，也可以采用如下方式处理：判定用户余额不足后，提示用户充值，并仍然进入步骤S23，判定为扣费时间后，进入步骤S24，执行扣费操作并存储扣费记录，即用户余额减去扣费金额，这时，扣费记录中记录的最新的用户余额为0或负值。
其中，扣费项目包括但不限于房屋租赁费和/或物业管理费和/或水费和/或电费和/或燃气费。扣费项目对应的扣费金额为存储在智能电表中的固定金额或人工输入智能电表的金额或智能电表接收来自云平台中心2或移动终端3的金额。
步骤S6具体实现方式可以为：智能电表1先将扣费记录上传到移动终端，再由移动终端3将扣费记录上传到云平台中心2；或者，智能电表1直接将扣费记录上传到云平台中心2。
优选的，所述方法还包括步骤：S7，云平台中心2对扣费记录进行存储，并通知用户扣费情况或者智能电表1直接进行报警提示用户缴费、充值。
本发明中智能电表1具有电表的基本功能，可以根据设置好的费 率，自动从电表用户余额中扣除电费，同时记录用电量数据。电表同时还可支持代扣费功能：电表根据设置的扣费项目及扣费时间，自动从电表用户余额中扣除相关费用并存储详细扣费记录。可设定当电表用户余额小于系统设定值时自动执行拉闸操作，用户不能继续用电。或者当电表用户余额不足于扣费时，将发生报警通知用户充值，在报警后用户仍不缴费的情况下，则控制智能电表1断电以进一步提示用户续交费用。用户充值以后，电表自动合闸恢复供电，当然为了安全起见，也可以采用手动合闸的方式恢复供电。
智能电表具有充值管理功能模块，用户可通过移动终端和/或云平台中心等给智能电表充值，并统计记录充值情况。
以手机充值为例，用户可以通过手机服务程序连接到云平台中心执行购电，并将购电完成记录存储在智能电表中。手机中安装有服务程序，手机与电表可通过蓝牙连接，具体步骤如下：
A1，用户通过手机服务程序购电；
A2，用户通过手机支付购电订单；
A3，云平台中心生成充值代码并通过移动互联网下发到手机；
A4，手机服务程序通过蓝牙、WiFi等通讯方式发送充值代码到电表；
A5，电表接受充值代码并对充值代码进行合法性验证；
A6，记录通过合法性验证的充值代码并记录充值额度，完成充值过程。
在执行上述步骤A2即用户通过手机支付购电订单之后，也可以 采用如下步骤：云平台中心生成充值代码直接发送给智能电表；或者云平台中心生成充值记录，更新用户余额，并将更新后用户余额发送到智能电表和手机中。
系统可以自动同步电表扣费记录、用户可查询电表详细扣费记录及统计扣费情况。具体步骤如下：
B1，电表执行代扣费操作并存储扣费记录；
B2，手机服务程序自动读取电表扣费记录；
B3，手机服务程序上传电表扣费记录到云平台中心；
B4，云平台中心生成扣费情况统计；
B5,云平台中心通知用户扣费情况。
也可以采用如下步骤自动同步扣费记录、查询和通知扣费情况：
C1，电表执行代扣费操作并存储扣费记录；
C2，电表直接将扣费记录上传到云平台中心；
C3，云平台中心生成扣费情况统计；
C4,云平台中心发送扣费情况至手机或移动终端通知客户。
本发明充分利用智能电表1的功能，把多项生活费用统一利用电表扣费。一方面简化了缴费程序，方便客户使用，增强用户体验；另一方面，由于每个用户的均使用电表代缴相关费用，分担了中心服务器的计算量，实现资源的优化利用和分布缴费、统一管理的功能，降低了费用收缴成本，具有良好的经济和社会效益。
本发明可广泛应用于各种收费管理系统。
具体实施例2
在具体实施例1的基础上增加信用额度管理，如图4所示，一种智能电表系统的信用管理计费方法，其包括步骤：D1,为用户评定信用等级；D2，根据用户信用等级为用户提供信用额度。
优选的，所述步骤D1具体为：根据用户的信用基数和/或历史消费数据和/或历史缴费情况评定用户信用等级。
在该实施例中，用户等级可以提升也可以降低。历史消费数据越高、历史缴费情况越好，对应的用户等级越高。相对的，拖欠费用的记录越多(历史缴费情况越差)，用户等级会相应降低。
优选的，步骤D1更具体包括子步骤：D11，利用云平台中心统计用户的历史用电数据和/或历史缴费情况；D12，云平台中心结合历史用电数据和/或历史缴费情况和/或信用基数计算出用户的用户等级。由于用户的用电数据和缴费情况都会集中反馈到云平台中心，所以可以方便地利用云平台中心做历史用电数据和/或历史缴费情况的统计。
优选的，步骤D2具体包括子步骤：D21，根据用户信用等级直接在云平台中心输入用户信用额度(手动输入)；或者云平台中心根据用户等级和信用额度的对应关系自动生成用户信用额度(自动输入)；D22,云平台中心将信用额度通过网络传输到智能电表，网络可以是互联网或移动互联网等。
优选的，所述信用额度包括但不限于超额用电时间和/或超额用电金额和/或超额用电量。
优选的，所述方法还包括步骤：D3，智能电表存储用户信用额度； D4，智能电表定期监控用户当前用户余额是否用完；如果是,则启用信用额度继续供电，并通知用户充值；D5，继续监测信用额度是否用完；D6，如果信用额度用完，则控制用电线路断电。
概括的说，智能电表先使用用户余额，用户余额不足再使用信用额度(同时通知用户余额用完信息)，信用额度不足再断电。如此，用户不会因为忘记缴纳电费而突然断电，为用户充值分配过渡时间，减少用户因为突然断电带来的不便和不必要损失。
优选的，所述步骤D12具体为：云平台中心定期结合历史用电数据和/或历史缴费情况和/或信用基数更新用户的用户等级；所述步骤D21具体为：定期根据用户信用等级直接在云平台中心输入用户信用额度；或者云平台中心定期根据用户等级和信用额度的对应关系自动更新用户信用额度。由于用户的用户等级定期更新，当出现或多次出现恶意拖欠费用的情况时，云平台中心可根据用户的历史用电数据和历史缴费情况降低用户的用户信用等级，从而降低用户信用额度，有效避免或减少管理单位的损失。
以上是对本发明的较佳实施进行了具体说明，但本发明创造并不限于所述实施例，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可做作出种种的等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本发明权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于智能电表的费用管理系统，其特征在于：
    其包括智能电表以及云平台中心，所述智能电表与所述云平台中心通过网络进行通讯；
    所述智能电表管理用户余额、至少两种费种及其扣费参数，根据任一费种对应的扣费参数执行扣费并产生扣费记录；
    所述云平台中心用于接收及存储所述扣费记录。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于智能电表的费用管理系统，其特征在于：所述智能电表包括：
    充值管理功能模块，用于存储所述用户余额、所述至少两种费种和所述扣费参数，任一费种对应的所述扣费参数包括扣费项目以及扣费项目对应的扣费时间和扣费金额；
    处理模块，用于定期检查启用的扣费项目，根据所述扣费参数执行扣费并产生扣费记录。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于智能电表的费用管理系统，其特征在于：所述智能电表还包括：
    报警模块，用于在所述用户余额小于系统设定值或不足以抵扣所述扣费金额时进行报警，提示用户充值；以及
    用电控制模块，用于控制所述智能电表以使所述智能电表处于断电状态或供电状态。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的基于智能电表的费用管理系统，其特征在于：所述智能电表或云平台中心还包括信用管理模块，用于产生信用额度以抵扣所述扣费金额；
    所述信用管理模块包括：
    信用等级评定模块，用于根据用户的信用基数和/或历史用电数据和/或历史缴费情况评价用户信用等级；
    信用额度计算模块，用于根据用户信用等级和信用额度的关系计算出用户信用额度；
    所述信用等级评定模块的输出端与信用额度计算模块的输入端连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的基于智能电表的费用管理系统，其特征在于：
    所述智能电表或云平台中心还包括数据采集模块，用于采集和统计用户的信用基数数据、历史用电数据和历史缴费数据，所述数据采集模块的输出端与信用等级评定模块的输入端连接。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的基于智能电表的费用管理系统，其特征在于：还包括移动终端，
    所述移动终端与所述云平台中心和所述智能电表分别进行通讯；
    所述移动终端用于读取、存储、显示所述智能电表或云平台中心中存储的用户余额、信用额度、扣费参数、扣费记录和智能电表状态信息并直接向智能电表中或通过云平台中心向智能电表中写入用户余额、信用额度和扣费参数。
  7. 一种按照权利要求6所述费用管理系统进行费用管理的方法，其特征在于：包括步骤：
    S1，在智能电表中写入用户余额、至少两种费种及其扣费参数， 每种所述扣费参数包括扣费项目以及扣费项目所对应的扣费时间和扣费金额；
    S2，智能电表定期检查启用的扣费项目，根据扣费项目所对应的扣费参数执行扣费并产生扣费记录；
    S3，智能电表将所述扣费记录上传到云平台中心。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的费用管理的方法，其特征在于：还包括步骤：
    D1，为用户评定信用等级，根据用户的信用基数和/或历史用电数据和/或历史缴费情况评定用户信用等级；
    D2，根据用户信用等级为用户提供信用额度；
    D3，智能电表存储所述信用额度。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的费用管理的方法，其特征在于：
    步骤S2包括以下步骤：
    S21，智能电表定期检查启用的扣费项目；
    S22，检查所述用户余额与信用额度之和是否小于系统设定值或不足以抵扣所述扣费项目所对应的扣费金额，如果否，则执行步骤S23；
    S23，判断是否为扣费项目所对应的扣费时间，如果是，则执行步骤S24，否则退出；
    S24，从所述用户余额中扣除扣费金额，产生并存储扣费记录。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的费用管理的方法，其特征在于：
    在执行步骤S22时，检查用户余额与所述信用额度之和是否小于 系统设定值或不足以抵扣所述扣费项目所对应的扣费金额，如果是，则报警提示用户充值。
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