WO2017010914A1

WO2017010914A1 - Device for launching sports equipment

Info

Publication number: WO2017010914A1
Application number: PCT/RU2016/000389
Authority: WO
Inventors: Нина Сергеевна ПОГРЕБНЯК
Original assignee: Нина Сергеевна ПОГРЕБНЯК
Priority date: 2015-07-16
Filing date: 2016-06-27
Publication date: 2017-01-19
Also published as: RU2015129201A; RU2609725C2

Abstract

The invention relates to devices which are aimed at launching and delivering spherical sports equipment, for example, football or volleyball balls or rugby balls and similar sports equipment, into a pre-determined point in space, at a specific speed. A device for launching spherical sports equipment (7) contains a tank (1) for compressed gas; a tube (2), comprising an outlet cylindrical section (3) with an outlet aperture (4) and a rear section (5) with a stop (6) for accommodating equipment (2) in a starting position; and a pneumatic valve (8), hermetically connecting the tank (1) to the tube (7). The stop (6) for the equipment (7) is designed in the form of a supporting surface in the shape of a portion of a sphere, which replicates the shape of a portion of the outer surface of the sports equipment. The device is provided with means (32) for feeding the equipment (7) to the supporting surface (6) in the tube, and with a target indicator (52) for launching the equipment (7). The technical result lies in increasing the quality of a training process, and is achieved as a result of the increase in the speed of the flight of the ball (7), and also as a result of good ergonomics and the possibility of guiding the hitting of the ball (7) onto a selected target, taking the complex trajectory of the flight of the ball into consideration.

Description

Device for launching sports equipment

Technical field

This application relates to devices aimed at launching and delivering at a given speed to a certain point in the space of sports spherical shells, for example, soccer volleyballs or rugby balls and similar sports equipment.

The prior art.

Athletes in playing sports with the ball must have a wide range of skills. For example, qualified footballers must have strong skills in using various body surfaces to receive, control and pass the ball and kick on the go. Goalkeepers must also catch and parry balls with their hands. Each action of a football player, taking into account the trajectory of the ball, the angle and speed of the player relative to the ball, represents one unique ability to become a master through rehearsals and training. The complete matrix of all relevant combinations of these variables presented is many hundreds of abilities that need to be learned. This matrix is called its own “training matrix" for football.

The athlete’s abilities applied to the first touch with the ball are known as the “first touch”. Mastery of the "first touch" is a hallmark between the master and the ordinary football player. Achieving a high level of ability requires many rehearsals, which should be carried out in a short training period of time.

There are obstacles to these rehearsals. For example, when partners do not have sufficient skills to accurately and repeatably serve the ball with the required parameters. This is especially true for children and youth teams, but the problems of first-touch training exist in the teams of masters. Similar problems occur in other ball sports. They have led to the creation of numerous devices that can simulate the delivery of sports equipment to players, such as tennis, baseball, volleyball and hockey. Numerous triggers are known for tennis balls, for example, US Pat. No. 6,167,878, baseball, volleyballs, hockey pucks, for example, US Pat. No. 5,647,338, etc. The spread to football of this concept is obvious, but football has requirements that most of the existing devices cannot satisfy.

In particular, a soccer ball is much heavier than tennis or baseball and moderately heavier than volleyball. A soccer ball can move much faster than a volleyball. The forces providing for acceleration of a soccer ball significantly exceed the forces for dispersing balls in the mentioned sports when playing with a ball.

In addition, the football field is much larger in size, and the range of positions from which it starts and where the ball should fly in is much wider than in other game sports.

At the same time, for an effective training process, it is desirable that the device for launching soccer balls ensures the launch of balls with speeds from 30 m / s to 40 m / s from various points of the training field. The upper limit of the marked speed range (up to 40 m / s) is important in the training plan in that it allows you to simulate unique hits. For example, a knuckle ball is a hit on a ball in which the ball without rotation first flies steadily and then begins to fly along a winding random path (see Takeshi Asai et al: "A study of knuckling Effect of Soccer Ball", The Engineering of Sport 6, vol. 7, pp. 555-562. The International Sports Engineering Association).

In order to increase the entertainment of the game, new models of soccer balls constantly appear, which have differences, for example, in the geometry of segments and seams, and in the characteristics of the surface of the ball.

Unlike most game sports, football players train and play outdoors in various weather conditions, so the design of the starting device should include the ability to work with various, in particular with wet or “frozen” balls.

A device for throwing soccer balls is known, described in PCT US2007 / 017371. The principle of operation of this device is based on the acceleration of the ball by shear stresses that occur when an elastic ball enters the space between oppositely rotating rollers.

Significant tangential stresses on the surface of the ball, caused by rotating rollers, when simulating strong shocks (30m / s or more) should be so significant that they will lead to a quick failure of the balls.

A similar problem in baseball when using disc starting devices has led to the use of special plastic balls instead of leather balls for training using a disc simulator, the surface of which is not sensitive to tangential stresses. Unfortunately, in football a similar approach is not possible. In addition, this device uses a complex device for feeding and positioning the ball in the starting position, which delivers each ball to the device with precise placement. Accurate ball positioning at each serve is necessary to ensure repeatability of the ball's flight paths with each new start.

Closest to the proposed solution is a device for launching balls for sports training according to Patent EP1713550A1. The known device comprises a reservoir for storing compressed gas, a barrel, a pneumatic valve, hermetically connecting the tank to the barrel, valve control means. Acceleration of the ball in the barrel is carried out by compressed gas coming from the reservoir into the barrel when the pneumatic valve is opened, which opens by a control command from the control means.

The barrel includes a cylindrical section with an outlet and a rear section with an emphasis for the projectile in the starting position.

The emphasis for the projectile in the starting position is made in the form of a special throttle mechanism positioned inside the barrel, as well as a sleeve made with the ability to move inside the barrel. The end face of the sleeve, located inside the barrel at a predetermined distance from the inner wall of its rear part, forms a stop - a saddle, in which the projectile abuts in the starting position. In this case, between the inner wall of the rear of the barrel and the projectile a cavity of considerable volume is formed, which constitutes the so-called parasitic volume.

The authors found that the presence of such a cavity leads to a decrease in the efficiency of using the energy of compressed gas to disperse the ball, since when starting part of this energy is initially spent on increasing the pressure in the specified cavity when it is filled.

It is known that in a pneumatic starter the acceleration of the projectile is ensured by the work of expanding the compressed gas stored in the tank moving along the channel: receiver, valve flow section and barrel. A soccer ball (triggered sports equipment) has a significantly larger cross-sectional area (circumference with a diameter of 218 mm) compared to the cross-section of pneumatic valves (circumference with a diameter of 80 mm), therefore, the minimum cross-section of the aforementioned channel is determined by the valve cross section. From the condition of the flow rate balance, it is obvious that the maximum value of the compressed gas velocity is achieved in the flow part of the valve. For example, to launch a soccer ball up to a speed of 40 m / s with a trigger device using a valve with a 40 mm bore, the gas velocity in it formally, from the ratio of the flow rate balance, must reach a value that exceeds the speed of sound.

However, it is known (see the monograph by L. G. Loitsyansky “Mechanics of liquids and gas”, 1973, M. “Fizmatgiz”) that when a gas moves in a channel of variable cross-section, the gas velocity in the most compressed section cannot exceed the speed of sound, and, therefore, the volumetric flow rate of gas will be limited by the product of the speed of sound by the cross-sectional area of the valve. This phenomenon is called supersonic channel locking.

Thus, in the known device, the creation in the flow part of the valve of values of the flow velocity approaching the speed of sound reduces the efficiency of use of compressed gas, which prevents the acceleration of the projectile in the barrel to the required speeds.

The calculations and experiments of the authors showed that in order to evaluate the efficiency of using compressed gas in a pneumatic device, the following formula can be used for the pressure of compressed gas that accelerates a projectile in a barrel (V. Grigoryev et al.: “Gas-dynamic study of a pneumatic line thrower,” Journal of Technical Physics 2006, v. 76, issue 3, p. 75-79):

Here: Vj is the volume of the tank; V „- the amount of space between the inner wall of the rear of the barrel and the ball in the starting position, the so-called parasitic volume; p is the pressure of the compressed gas in the tank until the valve opens; S _m = 0.0373 m is the cross-sectional area of a soccer ball; x - coordinate of the ball moving along the barrel; k is the gas constant, for gas k = 1.4; p _x is the pressure of the compressed gas that accelerates the ball. Energy efficiency of compressed gas in the device is proportional to the values of the pushing pressure p _x> which according to the formula (1) depends on the design parameters.

In the known device according to Patent EP1713550A1, the parasitic volume - V _n is significant, because the projectile abuts against a saddle located inside the barrel, which explains the low efficiency of transferring compressed gas energy to the ball.

In addition, in the known device according to the patent EP 171355 OA 1, the regulation of the velocity of the projectile is carried out by changing (decreasing) the flow rate of compressed gas in the barrel. For this, a throttle mechanism is used, containing a fixed part and a moving part, the mutual position of which determines the effective passage section of the channel: reservoir - valve - barrel. Interchangeable ring couplings, each of which provides a certain passage section of the aforementioned channel, serve the same purpose. Thus, the throttle mechanism sets the flow area smaller than the valve cross section (otherwise it will not be able to regulate the flow of compressed gas), which leads to an additional decrease in the smallest cross section in the channel, and, therefore, further reduces the efficiency of the device. An analysis of the large bore pneumatic valves available on the market shows that the weight and size characteristics, as well as the valve opening time, increase sharply with increasing bore of the valve.

Due to the above features, well-known devices, for example, Seattle Sports Science Inc. SIDE KICK device weighs at least 70 kg. To move such devices along the training field, special carts are used. In the process of training, it is difficult to move such a device at a high pace from one point of the field to another in order to carry out the entire necessary range of innings corresponding to the training matrix in modern football.

Disclosure of invention

The basis of the present invention is the task of creating a small-sized, easily portable by one operator, starting device, which ensures the efficient use of the potential energy of compressed gas in order to launch sports equipment of a sufficiently large size (soccer balls) with a given speed of up to 40 m / s. An additional objective of the present invention is to provide control of the ball launch speed while maintaining the efficient use of the potential energy of the compressed gas, as well as providing accurate and stable starts and the ability to accurately target various targets.

The problem is solved in that in a device for launching sports spherical shells containing a reservoir, a barrel including a cylindrical section with an outlet and a rear section with an emphasis for placing the projectile in the starting position, a pneumatic valve hermetically connecting the barrel to the tank, according to the invention, the emphasis for placing the projectile is made in the form of a supporting surface in the form of a part of a sphere repeating the shape of a part of the outer surface of the sports apparatus.

The presence of the supporting surface and the execution of the supporting surface in a form that repeats the shape of part of the launched projectile ensures a snug fit of the surface of the launched projectile (ball) with the supporting surface in the starting position.

Tight contact of the supporting surface with the ball in the starting (initial) position provides for the proposed design in the first approximation, the zero value of the parasitic volume - V _{n in} .

In addition, from the hyperbolic nature of the above dependence (1), it follows that as the ball moves in the barrel along the coordinate - X, the accelerating pressure - p _x drops. Due to the large area

■ at

of a cross section of a soccer ball equal to 0.0373 m, the pressure drop in the barrel to atmospheric pressure occurs over a short length X. Therefore, it is advisable to produce the barrel no longer than that value when the ball will not accelerate, but slow down, as according to formula (1), the pushing pressure - p _x will be lower than atmospheric.

In a preferred embodiment, the supporting surface is made in the form of a hemisphere in order to provide a larger area of close contact of the projectile (ball) with the specified supporting surface for more efficient use of compressed gas energy.

It is advisable that the supporting surface of the means for placing the projectile was formed by the inner surface of the rear portion of the barrel, which minimizes the cavity between the inner surface of the barrel and the ball in the starting position, the volume of which mainly determines the parasitic volume - V „in the formula

C - It is advisable that the quick-acting pneumatic valve be capable of undergoing the following successive modes when the projectile is launched: opening, open position and closing, while the total time interval from the moment of opening to closing did not exceed the time interval for the projectile to travel from the supporting surface to the exit hole .

This design of the valve provides the ability to block the flow of compressed gas from the reservoir into the barrel at the final stage of acceleration of the projectile in the barrel. In this case, acceleration stops ahead of schedule even before the projectile leaves the barrel (the predetermined speed has already been reached), and the part of the compressed gas stored in the tank can be used for the next launch.

It is advisable that the high-speed pneumatic valve be configured to control the duration of its open position. The use of a controlled valve with the ability to close until the ball leaves the barrel reduces the time the valve opens. In this case, the acceleration of the ball in the final segment is reduced and it becomes possible to control the speed of the ball without additional reduction in the passage section of the channel: reservoir-valve-trunk. With this regulation, there is an increase in the efficiency of use of compressed gas by reducing its consumption.

It is also advisable to make the barrel of a transparent material, for example, polycarbonate or plexiglass. In this case, the trained athlete sees the whole ball from a distance of 10-40 meters before hitting, which contributes to a more natural perception by the athlete of the ball.

It is advisable that the device includes a sound-generating device configured to generate sound when the projectile is launched, simulating the sound of an athlete hitting a ball, which is important from the point of view of the athlete’s perception of starting a ball.

It is advisable that the reservoir is configured to connect to a source of compressed gas and control the pressure of the compressed gas in the reservoir.

The ability to control the pressure in the tank allows you to set the launch speed of the projectile. In this case, the pressure regulation in the tank may each time the ball is launched, by setting the pressure reduction of the compressed gas from the source at the outlet of the pressure reducing valve (manually or using a control signal from a computer).

It is advisable that the device was equipped with a means for supplying the projectile to the supporting surface, comprising a first projectile position sensor located in the barrel at its outlet, a second projection position sensor located at the top of the projectile supporting surface in the starting position, a vacuum ejector including a suction inlet connected through the first valve to the cavity of the rear portion of the barrel in front of the supporting surface and an ejection inlet connected through the second valve to a source of compressed gas. At the same time, the device is equipped with a means of controlling said valves according to the testimony of said projectile position sensors, capable of opening the first and second valves to create a vacuum in the indicated cavity of the barrel between the supporting surface for placing the projectile and the projectile fed into the barrel when registering the projectile with the first sensor and closing said valves when registering a shell with a second sensor.

As a means to control these valves can be used a computer (on-board computer), which also performs other functions listed below in the proposed device.

The proposed means of supply provides high repeatability of launches due to the accurate and stable starting position of the projectile at each launch. The projectile in the starting position as a result of pumping gas out of the cavity is tightly pressed against the inner surface of the end part of the barrel, so the initial data of the ball’s flight will be the same with each new launch. Even a small pressure drop due to the large contact area provides a force quite sufficient for stable fixation of the projectile in the starting position for a long time.

Another advantage is the convenience of charging. The task of the operator is only to bring the ball to the cut of the barrel. Subsequent supply of the ball to the supporting surface occurs automatically, without the participation of the operator, as a result of the vacuum pressure. This process is controlled by a computer, for which the first and second position sensors are input sensors the ball. The output signals of the computer control the solenoids of the pneumatic solenoid valves switching the operation of the vacuum ejector.

The inventive means of supply is not sensitive to the design features of each specific soccer ball under a variety of natural and climatic conditions, for example, for wet or frozen balls. Football is an outdoor game in a variety of weather conditions.

The means of supplying the projectile to the starting position does not contain a single heavy part that can affect the weight and size properties. In devices - analogues of the means of feeding and fixing the ball, as well as means for placing it in the starting position, are the most massive.

It is advisable that the device contains means for indicating the purpose of launching the projectile, comprising a sensor indicating the horizontal position of the device along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the barrel, a sensor of the angle of the axis of the barrel relative to the horizon, a height sensor from the working surface, a digital camera rigidly connected to the barrel, and equipped with a display, a means of focusing on the selected target and a range meter to the specified target.

It is advisable that the device was equipped with a means of controlling these sensors, connected to them and configured to calculate the trajectory of the projectile based on data from these sensors in the process of pointing the barrel at the target by the operator and displaying a mark corresponding to the projected projectile arrival point.

As a means of controlling these sensors, the same on-board computer can be used as for the means of supplying the ball.

The trajectory of the projectile and its end point are calculated using a program recorded in the computer. The initial data for the calculation are: the angle and the speed module, the distance to the goal and the height above the level of the sports field, as well as the fulfillment of the condition for the device not skewing along the axis normal to the axis of the barrel. The indicated sensors of the position of the device can eliminate the skew of the device relative to the surface of the horizon.

The digital camera contains a display with the functions of highlighting the desired fragment of the target and indicating the range to it according to the sensor signal. The trajectory is calculated in real time, after which a mark appears on the display corresponding to the end point of the ball trajectory, taking into account the correction due to the ballistic flight path.

It is advisable that the device was equipped with a high pressure cylinder equipped with a pressure reducing valve configured to control the gas pressure in the tank.

In this case, the device is preferably provided with a shoulder backpack for a high pressure cylinder.

This embodiment of a source of compressed gas is technologically simple and provides the possibility of autonomous use of the device, not associated with a stationary source of compressed gas. This ensures the mobility of the device while maintaining a sufficient number of starts without refueling.

It is advisable that the device was equipped with a stock made in the form of a rod. One end of the rod is connected to the device, and the other end is provided with a thrust surface for the operator’s body, connected to the rod through a recoil damper and a damping pad.

The presence of the butt allows you to focus the device in the operator’s body. Butt with damping devices can reduce the return on the launch of the projectile and increase the accuracy of the launch of the projectile. The device is characterized by small dimensions and weight, it can be used without the massive carriage, which is mandatory for analogues.

Brief Description of the Drawings

These advantages, as well as the features of the present invention will become apparent during the subsequent consideration of the following detailed description of the best embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which:

Figure 1 - schematically depicts a General view of a device for launching sports equipment,

Figure 2 is a sectional view of a device for supplying a sports apparatus and a diagram of an emphasis for a projectile in the starting position,

Fig.Z - standard pneumatic valve device

4 is a diagram of a target pointer, Figure 5 - dependence of the speed of the ball on a section of the trunk of the tested laboratory sample, depending on the gas pressure in the tank.

The best embodiment of the invention

According to the invention, a device for launching spherical shells, such as soccer balls, comprises a reservoir 1 (FIG. 1) for compressed gas, a barrel 2 including a cylindrical portion 3 with an outlet 4 and a rear portion 5 with a stop 6 (see FIG. 2) for the projectile 7 in the starting position, a pneumatic valve 8, hermetically connecting the tank 1 to the barrel 2. In the example of the best use of the invention, a standard spherical steel receiver is used. The tight mount of the receiver 1 to the valve 8 in the best use example is threaded, but can be any other, for example, flanged.

As shown in FIG. 2, the emphasis 6 of the projectile 7 is made in the form of a supporting surface in the form of a part of a sphere repeating the shape of a part of the outer surface 10 of the sports apparatus 7.

Further along the text, the supporting surface will also be indicated at 6. The indicated shape of the supporting surface 6 ensures that the surface 10 of the fired projectile (ball) 7 snaps tightly in the starting position. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the supporting surface 6 is formed by the inner surface of the rear portion 5 of the barrel 2 and is made in the form of a hemisphere, repeating the shape of the hemisphere of the outer surface 10 of the sports apparatus 7.

The implementation of the supporting surface 6 with the inner surface of the rear portion 5 of the barrel 2 minimizes the cavity 12 (Fig. 2) between the inner surface of the rear portion 5 of the barrel 2 and the outer surface 10 of the ball 7 in the starting position. The volume of the cavity 12 determines the parasitic volume - V _n in the formula (1). Football is an all-weather game. Even when using contaminated, wet and frozen balls, the volume of the cavity 12 is also minimal, although in this case it is not equal to zero. Moreover, the implementation of the supporting surface 6 in the form of a hemisphere provides the maximum contact area of the ball 7 with the supporting surface 6, which allows more efficient use of the energy of compressed gas to disperse the ball 7, and also increases the required degree of sealing to hold the ball 7 in the starting position. In addition, in an advantageous embodiment, the barrel 2 is made of transparent, durable and wear-resistant polycarbonate.

The high-speed pneumatic valve 8 is configured to undergo the following sequential modes when the projectile 7 is launched: opening, open position, and closing. Moreover, the total time interval from the moment of opening to closing the valve does not exceed during acceleration of the projectile 7 in the barrel 2 the time interval for the projectile 7 to pass from the supporting surface 6 of the barrel 2 to its outlet 4.

This design of the pneumatic valve 8 provides the possibility of blocking the flow of compressed gas from the tank 1 to the barrel 2 at the final stage of the acceleration of the projectile 7 in the barrel 2. In this case, the acceleration stops ahead of schedule even before the projectile 7 leaves the barrel 2, and the part of the compressed gas stored in the tank 1 can be used for the next start. In the preferred use of the invention, it is possible to control the duration of the open position of the valve 8 by setting the duration of the electrical signal. It is possible to close valve 8 until the ball 7 leaves the barrel 2, and thereby control the speed of the ball 7 without additional reduction in the channel bore: tank 1 - valve 8 - barrel 2.

As valve 8, a standard pneumatic valve can be used. In an advantageous embodiment, a standard pneumatic valve of the SMX Corporation (Japan) of the VXF series is applied, schematically shown in FIG. Beyond and FIG. 36. This valve 8 is made in the General Assembly with the control pneumatic solenoid valve 13 with the ability to control the duration of the open position of the valve 8.

In an advantageous embodiment, the device is equipped with one computer 14, which controls the valve 8 through the pneumatic solenoid valve 13, as well as other means described below.

The valve 8 contains a movable locking member 15 connected to a flexible diaphragm 16, with the possibility of moving from one stable position to another.

In the first stable position (in the normal state of the valve), the locking member 15, under the action of the spring 17, is hermetically adjacent to the first seat 18 (see FIG. 3a), in the second stable position, is hermetically adjacent to the second 1 RU2016 / 000389 saddle 19 (see Fig. 36). The diaphragm 16 with a small hole 20 separates the valve cavity 21 from the pilot chamber 22, which through the exhaust channel 23 can be connected to the atmosphere under the control of the pneumatic electrovalve 13. In the normal state, in the absence of an electrical signal from the computer 14 on the coil 24, the spool 25 is tightly adjacent to the seat 26 and blocks communication between the pilot chamber 22 and the atmosphere through channel 23 (FIG. 3a). When applying an electrical signal from the computer 14 to the coil 24, the spool 25 moves to the second stable position (see Fig. 36) and opens the connection of the pilot chamber 22 to the atmosphere through the open exhaust channel 23, which leads to the displacement of the locking member 15 to the second stable position (see Fig. 36), in which the reservoir 1 is connected to the barrel 2. The movement of the spool 25, which also leads to the opening of the pneumatic valve 8, can also be achieved by pressing the manual duplication button 27. A different embodiment of the valve is possible. The control of the pneumatic valve 8 through the pneumatic valve 13 by the computer 14 is carried out according to known algorithms.

The reservoir 1 is hermetically connected to the compressed gas source 29 by a flexible pneumatic conduit 28 with shut-off and control valves, for example, a shut-off valve 30 and a pressure reducing valve 31, configured to control the pressure in the reservoir. In the proposed device can be used standard pneumatic fittings.

In particular, a standard pressure reducing valve 31 may be used, configured to manually and automatically adjust the pressure in the tank 1.

By changing the pressure in the tank 1, it is possible to control the speed of the ball. To achieve the desired flight speed of the ball, the pressure reducing valve 31 can be equipped with a scale (not shown), graduated on the scale of the speed of the ball 7 at the exit of the barrel 2.

It is also possible to enter the value of the predetermined ball flight speed into the computer 14. In the latter case, the computer 14, based on the known dependence, calculates the required pressure value in the tank 1 and gives a signal for adjusting the pressure reducing valve 31.

In one embodiment of the device, the source of compressed gas 29 is made in the form of a standard cylinder (not shown) with compressed to high pressure gas or liquefied carbon dioxide. The cylinder is connected to the tank 1 through a pressure reducing valve 31.

In this case, a cylinder of such volume and working pressure is used at which the required number of projectile launches 7 is provided at a given speed without reloading the cylinder, and the weight of the device is convenient for carrying by the operator. The selection of the balloon is carried out by known methods.

In an advantageous embodiment of this embodiment, the device is equipped with a backpack (not shown) for the specified cylinder, made with the possibility of putting on the device operator. The device has a weight of about six kilograms without regard to the mass of the cylinder, which provides mobile movement of the operator with the device. The use of a light Kevlar balloon in a shoulder bag does not lead to a significant reduction in mobility.

In another embodiment, a remote compressor or a remote industrial compressed gas line (not shown) can be used as a source of compressed gas 29, which is connected to the device by a standard flexible pneumatic pipe 28. In this embodiment, a known flexible pneumatic pipe 28 with an outer diameter of 8- can be used. 10mm up to 100 meters long, which allows you to use sources of 29 compressed gas located outside the football field, for example, in a tribune room. This compressed gas supply circuit allows for an unlimited number of starts without recharging.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the device is equipped with means 32 (FIG. 2) for supplying the projectile 7 to the supporting surface 6 in the barrel 2, schematically shown in FIG. 2. This means 32 is based on creating a reduced pressure in the cavity 44 formed by the cavity 12 and the channel cavity formed by the hole 33 of the inlet sleeve 34 of the barrel 2 and the hole 35 of the output sleeve 36 of the closed valve 8, is shown schematically in FIG. 2.

The specified tool 32 contains a first sensor 37 of the ball 7, located in the barrel 2 at its outlet 4, and a second sensor 38 of the ball 7 in the barrel 2, located in the region of the top of the supporting surface 6 for placing the projectile 7 in the starting position.

As such sensors 37 and 38 can be used, for example, standard LED fiber optic pairs that give signals when the ball intersects their optical axes 39 and 40 to the computer 14. In addition, means 32 comprises a vacuum ejector 41, for example, the well-known standard ejector described in the catalog of SMC Corporation, 2011, p. 8-9, product with part number ZH10B. The ejector 41 comprises a suction inlet 42 connected by a pneumatic conduit 43 to a first pneumatic electro-valve 45, an ejection inlet 47 connected by a pneumatic conduit 48 to a second pneumatic electro-valve 46.

The first pneumatic solenoid valve 45 commutes the connection of the cavity 44 with the suction inlet 42 of the ejector 41 by opening / closing the pneumatic conduit 43. The second pneumatic electro-valve 46 commutes the opening / closing of the ejection inlet 47 connected by the pneumatic conduit 48 to the reservoir 1. The computer 14, receives signals from the sensors 37 and 38, controls solenoids 49 and 50 of the first 45 and second 46 valves, respectively, with the possibility of opening the valves 45 and 46 with the creation of rarefaction in the cavity 44 when registering the projectile 7 with the first sensor 37 and closing these valves 45, 46 and registering the projectile 7 with the second sensor 38. The volume of the cavity 44 when placing the ball 7 in the starting position, as shown in FIG. 2, forms the so-called parasitic volume in the formula (1), which at the completion of the filing and fixation of the ball 7 is minimal.

Also in an advantageous embodiment, the device is equipped with a target indicator 52 (Fig. 4) for launching a projectile 7, comprising a sensor 53 indicating the horizontal position of the device along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the barrel 2, a sensor 54 of the angle of the axis of the barrel 2 relative to the horizon, and a device height sensor 55 from the working surface, a pressure sensor 56 of compressed gas in the tank 1, connected to them by means of controlling these sensors 51, a digital camera 57, rigidly connected to the barrel 2, and equipped with a display 58, means for focusing on the selection nnuyu target (not shown) and the range measuring device to said target (not shown).

As sensors 53-56, standard known sensors can be used to measure the angle with respect to the horizon, distance and pressure.

As the camera 57, known cameras can be used that have the function of inserting a given fragment of the image (target) on the screen and the function of determining the distance to it, with the ability to transmit and receive a signal from the computer and display a mark showing the end point of the projectile 7 flight. The target pointer 52 allows accurate and unambiguous calculation of the flight path of the projectile 7 based on data from the sensors combined by the control means: the above sensors 53-56, the signal of the range to the target from the digital camera 57. The path is calculated each time automatically when the operator points the barrel 2 at target, focus and reflection on display 58 of mark 60, corresponding to the predicted point of arrival of projectile 7 at the target (before calculating the correction for the ballistic nature of the flight).

In the example of the best use in the indicated means 32 for supplying the projectile 7 and in the target indicator 52, a computer 14 is used as the control means, configured to control the solenoids 49 and 50 of the valves 45 and 46 of the means 32 for feeding the projectile 7 and the sensors 53-56, of the pointer 52 goals.

The computer is located inside the device case (not shown) and is designed as a device compatible with sensors 53-56 and a camera 57. A program for controlling the aforementioned sensors 53-56 and camera 57 and a program for calculating the ball's flight path are recorded on the computer. These programs can be built on well-known algorithms.

A well-known algorithm can also be programmed in computer 14 to calculate the time for early closure of a pneumatic valve at which the required ball speed is provided. For example, a well-known algorithm described by V.V. Grigoriev et al. “Gas-dynamic research of pneumatic line thrower”, Journal of Technical Physics, 2006, vol. 76, no. 3, p. 75-80.

Also in the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the device is equipped with a butt 61 made in the form of a rod 62, one end 63 of which is connected to the tank 1, and the other end 64 is provided with a thrust surface 65 for the operator’s body (not shown) connected to the rod 62 through a recoil damper 66 and a damping pad 67 .

In addition, in an advantageous embodiment, the device is equipped with a sound generating device (not shown), a synchronized trigger trigger 27. Any known portable sound generating device may be used. In accordance with the above-described embodiment of the device, a sample was made with the following parameters: weight 6.8 kg, maximum dimension 560 mm and barrel diameter 218 mm, ball launch speed up to 50 m / s.

In FIG. 5 shows the experimental curve of the speed of the ball 7 at the exit from the barrel 2, depending on the gas pressure in the tank 1 for the specified sample.

From the curve in FIG. Figure 5 shows that the presented portable sample allows you to run balls with speeds up to 50 m / s.

By the nature of the curve in FIG. 5 it can be seen that there is an unambiguous relationship between the pressure in the tank 1 and the speed of the ball 7 at the exit of the barrel 2, which confirms the possibility of graduation of the pressure reducing valve 31 in terms of speed.

The device operates as follows. In the first embodiment of the device, where a container with a compressed gas or liquefied carbon dioxide in a shoulder bag (not shown) is used as a source of compressed gas 29, the operator wears a device holding strap (not shown) and a satchel with a balloon (not shown), so that the operator is relatively can comfortably move with the device fixed on the body (not shown) by means of a belt and the thrust surface 65 of the damping cushion 67 of the buttstock 61 pressed against the body.

In the second embodiment, when a remote source is used as a source of compressed gas, for example, a compressor or a remote industrial line of compressed gas, when moving, it is necessary to take into account the presence of a flexible pneumatic pipe 28 connecting the device to a remote source.

Then, the operator manually adjusts the scale of the pressure reducing valve 31 in terms of speed to manually ensure the required flight speed of the ball 7 or sets the required flight speed of the ball 7 on the display 58. In the latter case, the computer 14 uses the speed value entered by the operator using the dependence programmed into it ( 5), calculates the pressure value and provides a signal for adjusting the pressure reducing valve 31. Thus, a predetermined pressure value in the tank 1 is provided, it is necessary dime to achieve a given speed.

Before starting a series of starts, the operator opens the shut-off valve 30 of the compressed gas source 29. At the same time, the gas is compressed to a predetermined pressure using an adjustable pressure reducing valve 31, the level of which is controlled by using a sensor 56, it fills the reservoir 1 and enters the valve cavity 21. Through the hole 20 in the diaphragm 16, gas fills the pilot chamber 22. The locking member 15 is tightly pressed against the first seat 18 of the valve 13 by the pressure force in the pilot chamber 22 and the force of the compressed spring 17. The pneumatic valve 8 is normally closed and does not allow compressed gas to enter the barrel 2.

Then the operator puts the ball 7 in the barrel 2 with the hand on the outlet 4 of the barrel 2. By doing this, the LED axis 39 of the first sensor 37 is blocked, which leads to the output of the signal through the computer 14 to power the solenoids 49 and 50, and, therefore, to synchronously open pneumatic electro-valves 45 and 46. Compressed gas from the tank 1 enters through the pneumatic pipe 48 and the open port of the valve 46 to the ejection input 47 of the ejector 41, which initiates the suction of gas in the cavity 44 through the channel: pneumatic pipe 43, the open port of the pneumatic electro-valve 45, suction d 42 of the ejector 41. The resulting vacuum allows the ball 7 to move inside the barrel 2 to the end position (see Fig. 2), characterized by the contact of hemispherical surfaces: the supporting surface 6 of the rear section 5 of the barrel 2 and the surface of the ball 7. When the ball 7 is in contact with the supporting surface 6, the second sensor 38 (end position sensor) feeds the signal through the computer 14 to the solenoids 49 and 50 to close the pneumatic solenoid valves 45 and 46, which leads to the sealing of the cavity 44 along the channel 43 and to the stop of the ejector 41. Due to the elastic The surface of the ball 7 and the large area of the hemispherical contact surface with the supporting surface 6, the ball 7 is in the starting position is very stable. If for some reason the required vacuum is violated, the ball 7 will move along the barrel 2 and the sensor 38 of the final position will trigger again, which will turn on the ejector 42 through the computer 14 with the valves 45, 46 actuating synchronously until the ball 7 returns to its starting position.

The computer 14 controls the filling process of the tank 1, comparing the readings of the pressure sensor 56 with a predetermined value, as well as the process of feeding and fixing the ball 7 in the starting position based on signals from the sensors 37 and 38, after which it gives a ready signal to turn on the aiming means 52. The operator using the image 69, on the display 58, received from the camera 57, directed along the axis of the barrel 2, positions the device on the alleged target (not shown), which is reflected in the form of a mark 60 of the selected image fragment 69.

During training, the operator determines the goal at each start. This can be, for example, a goalkeeper, a field player or a selected goal area. In this case, the computer 14 receives signals from sensors 53-56. If the device deviates from a horizontal position along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the barrel 2, fixed using the sensor 53, a sound signal is triggered with the corresponding indication on the display 58. The operator changes the position of the device until the deviation is eliminated to an acceptable horizontal level, which is accompanied by the termination of the sound signal and the corresponding inscription on the display 58, then fixes this position during the processing time of the above signals by computer 14. When positioning and fi When the device is locked to a certain position, the image of the target 69, obtained using the camera 58, and converted in the computer 14, is displayed on the display 58 with highlighting a fragment of the target 60 to which the range is determined.

The computer 14 is processing the following data: the angle of departure of the ball 2 (the angle of the axis of the barrel relative to the horizon) from the sensor 54, the height of the starting position of the ball from the sensor 55, the distance to the target from the camera 57 and the initial speed of the ball, based on which, according to a given algorithm calculates the flight path and the position of the ball 7 at the end point of the flight. According to a special algorithm, a ballistic correction is calculated, which reflects the deviation of the actual position of the ball from the predicted position, fixed at the last position with a mark of 60. The display 58 shows the endpoint mark 68 calculated on the basis of the aforementioned correction, which does not coincide with the previously highlighted fragment 60.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a ball trajectory calculation program compiled by the author based on a well-known algorithm described in (John Eric Goff, Matt J. Carre. "Trajectory analysis of a soccer ball", American Journal of Physics. Vol. 77, # 1 1, p. 1020-1026, 2009), which allows you to calculate the correction and set the endpoint 68 on the display 58.

If the mark 68 does not satisfy the operator as the final point of flight of the ball 7, he smoothly redirects the device and fixes it in a new position until the end of the new calculation until the position of the mark 68 on the display meets the requirements of the operator.

The device also provides the ability to control the flight speed of the ball 7 by adjusting the duration of the open position of the pneumatic valve 8. In particular, by closing the pneumatic valve 8 at the command of computer 14 at a predetermined point in time even before the projectile 7 leaves the barrel 2, early termination of the ball acceleration process is provided 7.

In computer 14, a known algorithm can be programmed to calculate the time for early closure of the pneumatic valve 8, at which the required ball speed is provided. For example, the well-known algorithm described by VV Grigoryev et al., “Gas-dynamic study of pneumatic line thrower,” Journal of Technical Physics, 2006, vol. 76, no. 3, p. 75-80.

After completing the setup of the device, the operator presses the trigger 27 or presses a button (not shown) that closes the electrical circuit of the control pneumatic solenoid valve 13, which leads to the movement of the spool 25 of the solenoid 24 to the second stable position, and to the opening of the main valve 8. Compressed gas from the tank 1 through the passage section of the main valve 8 rushes into the barrel 7 to disperse the ball 2.

When the projectile 7 is launched, the sound generating device emits a sound that mimics the sound when the footballer kicks the ball at the moment of opening valve 8. After the projectile 7 leaves the barrel 2, valve 8 automatically returns to the normally closed state. Automatically immediately after the return of valve 8 to a normally closed state (see FIG. 3a), the tank 1 is refilled with compressed gas. The device is ready to charge it with a new ball 7, followed by aiming at the next target from a new point in the field, into which the operator moved with the device.

Industrial applicability

The most successfully proposed device in various modifications can be used to launch balls to increase the efficiency of the training process of football players in professional clubs, as well as in youth and amateur teams, in sports and secondary schools that specialize in football and volleyball.

Claims

Claim

1. A device for launching sports spherical shells containing a reservoir (1) for compressed gas, a barrel (2), comprising a cylindrical section (3) with an outlet (4) and a rear section (5) with a stop (6) for the projectile (7) ) in the starting position, a pneumatic valve (8) hermetically connecting the reservoir (1) to the barrel (2), characterized in that the emphasis (6) for the projectile (7) is made in the form of a supporting surface (6) in the form of a part of a sphere repeating the shape of the portion of the outer surface (10) of the sports apparatus (7), and the formed inner surface of the rear portion (5) barrel (2).

2. Device pop. 1, characterized in that the supporting surface (6) is made in the form of a hemisphere.

3. The device pop.1, characterized in that the pneumatic valve (8) is configured to undergo the following sequential modes when the projectile (7) is launched: opening, open position and closing, while the total time interval from opening to closing of the valve does not exceed the time interval for the projectile (7) to travel through the barrel (2) from the abutment surface (6) to the outlet (4).

4. The device pop 1, characterized in that the pneumatic valve (8) is configured to control the duration of its open position.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel (2) is made of transparent material.

6. Device pop. 1, characterized in that the tank (1) is configured to connect to a source (29) of compressed gas and control the pressure of the compressed gas in the tank (1).

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a high pressure cylinder connected to the reservoir (1) through a pressure reducing valve (31), configured to control the gas pressure in the reservoir (1).

8. The device according to claim 6 and 7, with the proviso that it is equipped with a shoulder backpack for a high pressure cylinder.

9. The device pop 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a means for feeding the projectile to the supporting surface (32), containing the first sensor (37) of the position of the projectile (7), located in the barrel (2) at its outlet (4), second projection position sensor (38) (7) located in the apex region the supporting surface (b) of the projectile (7) in the starting position, a vacuum ejector (41) including a suction inlet (42) connected through the first valve (45) to the cavity of the rear portion of the barrel (44) in front of the supporting surface (6) and an ejection input (47) connected through a second valve (46) to a source of compressed gas (29), while the device is equipped with means for controlling said valves according to the readings of said projectile position sensors (37) and (38), configured to open the first and second valves with creating a vacuum in the specified cavity (44) barrel (7) between the supporting surface (6) for placing the projectile (7) and the projectile (7) fed into the barrel (2) when registering the projectile (7) with the first sensor (37) and closing the indicated valves (45), (46) when registration of the projectile (7) by the second sensor (38).

10. The device according to claim 1, with the proviso that it is equipped with a target indicator (52) for launching a projectile (7) containing a sensor (53) for indicating the horizontal position of the device along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the barrel (7), the angle sensor of the axis (54) of the barrel relative to the horizon, the height sensor of the device (55) from the working surface, a digital camera (57), rigidly connected to the barrel (2), and equipped with a display (58), means focusing on the selected target and range meter to the specified target, moreover, the device is equipped with means for controlling said sensors connected to them and configured to calculate the projectile flight path based on data from these sensors in the process of pointing the barrel (2) to the target by the operator and displaying the mark (60) on the display (58) corresponding to the projected projectile arrival point (7) .

And. The device according to PP. 9, 10, characterized in that as a means of control in these means for supplying a projectile and a target indicator, a computer is used (14).

12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a butt (61) made in the form of a rod (62), one end (63) of which is connected to the device, and the other end (64) is provided with a thrust surface (65) for the body of the operator connected to the rod (62) through a recoil damper (66) and a damping pad (67).

13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a sound generating device configured to generate sound when the projectile (7) is launched, simulating the sound of an athlete hitting a ball.