WO2017009548A1 - Rotary electric machine with optimized cooling - Google Patents

Rotary electric machine with optimized cooling Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017009548A1
WO2017009548A1 PCT/FR2016/051726 FR2016051726W WO2017009548A1 WO 2017009548 A1 WO2017009548 A1 WO 2017009548A1 FR 2016051726 W FR2016051726 W FR 2016051726W WO 2017009548 A1 WO2017009548 A1 WO 2017009548A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
openings
electrical machine
housing
rotating electrical
casing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2016/051726
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Oussama Rouis
Jean-Claude LABROSSE
Cédric LEDIEU
Original Assignee
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur filed Critical Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur
Priority to JP2018500668A priority Critical patent/JP6900361B2/en
Priority to EP16745797.7A priority patent/EP3320603A1/en
Priority to CN201680051736.9A priority patent/CN107949978B/en
Publication of WO2017009548A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017009548A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
    • H02K5/1732—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/003—Couplings; Details of shafts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/09—Machines characterised by the presence of elements which are subject to variation, e.g. adjustable bearings, reconfigurable windings, variable pitch ventilators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine with optimized cooling.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous, but not exclusive, application with high power reversible electrical machines that can operate in alternator mode and in motor mode.
  • the rotating electrical machines comprise a stator and a rotor secured to a shaft.
  • the rotor may be integral with a driving shaft and / or driven and may belong to a rotating electrical machine in the form of an alternator, an electric motor, or a reversible machine that can operate in both modes.
  • the stator is mounted in a housing configured to rotate the shaft for example by means of bearings.
  • the rotor comprises a body formed by a stack of sheets of sheets held in package form by means of a suitable fastening system, such as rivets axially passing through the rotor body from one side to the other.
  • the rotor comprises poles formed for example by permanent magnets housed in cavities formed in the magnetic mass of the rotor, as described for example in document EP0803962.
  • the poles are formed by coils wound around rotor arms.
  • the stator comprises a body consisting of a stack of thin sheets forming a ring, whose inner face is provided with notches open inwardly to receive phase windings. These windings pass through the notches of the stator body and form buns protruding from both sides of the stator body.
  • the phase windings are obtained for example from a continuous wire covered with enamel or from conductive elements in the form of pins connected together by welding. These windings are polyphase windings connected in star or delta whose outputs are connected to a voltage rectifier bridge.
  • a reversible electric machine of high power can be integrated in various elements of the power train.
  • the machine can thus be coupled to a gearbox, a clutch, or a differential of the vehicle.
  • the electric machine is then able to operate in an alternator mode to provide, in particular, power to the battery and to the on-board vehicle network, and in a motor mode, not only to start the engine, but also to participate pulling the vehicle alone or in combination with the engine. Given its significant power between 18kW and 50kW, the electric machine tends to heat up during operation.
  • the invention aims to optimize the cooling of this type of machine.
  • the invention proposes a rotating electrical machine comprising:
  • said housing comprises a plurality of openings each opening at one of their ends outside said rotary electrical machine and at another of their ends on the side of said channels.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to improve the cooling of the rotating electrical machine by authorizing the production of a coolant distribution chamber, for example oil, outside the machine supplying the internal channels via the openings to ensure a homogeneous distribution of the liquid inside the machine.
  • a coolant distribution chamber for example oil
  • said plurality of openings is angularly distributed along one periphery of said housing.
  • said housing comprises a recess, in particular peripheral, forming at least a portion of a coolant distribution chamber when said rotating electrical machine is inserted into a host element.
  • a surface of the section of the different openings varies according to an angular position of said openings, so that said cooling liquid circulates in each channel with substantially the same pressure.
  • said openings on an angular portion of at least 100 degrees, in particular 180 degrees, said openings have an increasing section.
  • said housing comprises, in particular on its outer wall, a groove for receiving a seal.
  • the groove is arranged to receive an O-ring.
  • said casing comprises an axial guiding element of said rotating electrical machine when it is inserted into an envelope of a host element intended to be mechanically coupled with said rotating electrical machine, and a centering element of said rotating electrical machine. with respect to said envelope of said host element.
  • said rotating electrical machine comprises a shaft having:
  • a power of the machine may be between 10kW and 50kW.
  • an outer diameter of the rotor is between 8 and 14 cm, in particular between 10 and 12 cm, and is preferably 1 1 cm.
  • an outer diameter of the stator is between 10 and 20 cm, in particular between 13 and 18 cm, and is preferably 15 cm.
  • the cooling circuit is arranged to allow the flow of a cooling liquid in an axial bore made in the shaft.
  • the invention also relates to an assembly characterized in that it comprises an envelope of a host element and a rotating electrical machine as defined above inserted in said envelope.
  • said distribution chamber is delimited by a portion of an inner wall of said casing and a portion of an outer wall of said casing.
  • the assembly comprises a jointjoint, including toric, to ensure a closure of said distribution chamber. This forces the oil into the machine through the circumferential openings in the housing.
  • the seal is disposed in the groove.
  • said casing comprises a flat surface bearing against a corresponding flat surface of said envelope of a host element to ensure sealing of said distribution chamber.
  • the chamber is thus delimited by the portion of the inner wall of the casing, by the portion of the outer wall of the casing, by the seal and by the flat contact area between the casing and the casing.
  • said openings each have an axis extending along an axis of rotation of the rotating electrical machine.
  • an oil injection direction is inclined with respect to an axis of said openings.
  • said coolant located in said distribution chamber is under pressure and circulates at a flow rate of between 3 and 11 liters / minute.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotary electric machine according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotating electrical machine according to the present invention without the active parts installed within a host element;
  • Figures 3a and 3b show perspective views of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention at different angles
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a partial sectional view of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the rear bearing of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7a and 7b are respectively longitudinal and perspective torque views illustrating the flow direction of the coolant within the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention. Identical, similar or similar elements retain the same reference from one figure to another. In the remainder of the description, it is considered that a "front" element is situated on the side of the coupling member of the machine, such as a pinion or a pulley, with the host element and an element "back” is located on the opposite side.
  • FIG. 1 shows a rotating electrical machine 10 comprising a polyphase stator 11 surrounding an X-axis rotor 12 mounted on a shaft 13. The stator 11 is carried by a housing 16 configured to rotate the shaft 13.
  • stator 1 1 surrounds the rotor 12 with presence of an air gap between the inner periphery of the stator 1 1 and the outer periphery of the rotor 12.
  • This electrical machine 10 is intended to be installed inside an envelope 21 of a visible element 20 visible in Figure 2 belonging to a motor vehicle traction chain.
  • the host element 20 to be mechanically coupled with the electric machine 10 may for example take the form of a clutch, a gearbox, or a differential.
  • the shaft 13 carries at one of its ends a coupling member 24, such as a pinion, intended to mesh with a corresponding gear (not shown) of the host element 20 to ensure a transmission. couple between the two elements.
  • the pinion 24 may be an attached pinion mounted on the shaft 13 or a pinion of another type.
  • the coupling member 24 may consist of a pulley intended to cooperate with a belt.
  • the machine 10 is able to operate in an alternator mode to provide, in particular, power to the battery and to the on-board vehicle network, and in a motor mode to participate in pulling the vehicle alone or in combination with the heat engine.
  • the rotor 12 comprises a body 25 formed by a stack of sheets of sheets. These sheets of sheet metal are held in the form of a bundle of sheets by means of a fastening system 26 adapted, such as rivets axially passing through the rotor 12 from one side to the other. Permanent magnets 27 are implanted in openings of the body. The magnets 27 may be rare earth or ferrite depending on the applications and the desired power of the machine 10. Alternatively, the poles of the rotor 12 may be formed by coils. Furthermore, the stator January 1 comprises a body 30 in the form of a pack of sheets with notches, for example of the semi-closed type, equipped with notch insulator for mounting the winding 31 of the stator January 1.
  • the winding 31 comprises a set of phase windings passing through the notches of the body of the stator January 1 and forming front bunks 32 and rear 33 projecting on either side of the body 30 of the stator January 1.
  • the phase windings are obtained here from conductive elements in the form of pins connected together for example by welding. These windings are for example three-phase windings connected in one or more stars or in one or more triangles.
  • the outputs of the phase windings are connected to a switching bridge and / or rectifier and / or to an inverter comprising diodes or MOSFET type transistors, especially when it is a reversible machine.
  • the housing 16 has front 36 and rear 37 bearings assembled together.
  • the bearings 36 and 37 are of hollow form and each carry in their center, a ball bearing 38, 39 for the rotational mounting of the shaft 13.
  • the bearing is a magnetic bearing.
  • the front bearing 36 comprises a nose 42 projecting from a transverse wall 43.
  • a cylindrical wall 44 extends from the outer periphery of the transverse wall 43.
  • the rear bearing 37 has a transverse wall 47 having a through hole at its center to allow the passage of the shaft 13 and provided with an annular bearing surface 48 for supporting the outer ring of the rear bearing 39.
  • the rear bearing 37 also has a cylindrical wall 49 extending from an outer periphery of the transverse wall 43.
  • the rear bearing 37 is fixed to the front bearing 36 by means of fasteners 51, such as screws or rivets, passing through openings made in an annular flange 50 coming from the wall 49 to cooperate with bores formed in the thickness of the cylindrical wall 44 of the front bearing 36 (see Figure 2).
  • the nose 42 is intended to cooperate with a hollow sleeve 56 of corresponding shape coming from a wall 57, in particular an internal transverse wall, of the envelope 21.
  • the nose 42 forms an axial guiding element of the machine 10 with respect to the host element 20, when it is inserted inside the sleeve 56.
  • the axial positioning of the machine 10 inside the envelope 21 is controlled by the external surface of the transverse wall 43 of the front bearing 36 constituting an axial abutment intended to abut against the corresponding transverse wall 57 of the casing 21.
  • the abutment surface is contained in a plane P1 perpendicular to the axis X of the machine 10.
  • the nose 42 forms a centering element of the machine 10 with respect to the casing 21 of the host element 20.
  • the nose 42 has at the outer periphery an adjusted surface 60 with respect to the sleeve 56, for example by an adjustment between 1/100 and 3/100 of a millimeter, for example of the H7g6 type.
  • a section of the nose 42 perpendicular to the axis of the housing 16 (corresponding to the X axis) intersecting the adjusted surface 60 has an upper surface strictly at a surface of another section of the nose 42.
  • the nose 42 has a cylindrical wall delimiting a space allowing the passage of the shaft 13.
  • the nose 42 also carries the outer ring of the front bearing 38 cooperating with a corresponding bearing surface formed in the inner periphery of the nose 42.
  • the surface of the largest section of the nose 42 is strictly lower than any surface of a section of the machine 10 contained in a plane perpendicular to the axis X of the machine 10 cutting the stator January 1.
  • the largest outside diameter of the nose 42 located at the adjusted surface 60 is smaller than the outside diameter of any other part of the front bearing 36 or the rear bearing 37.
  • the guiding and centering functions of the machine 10 are dissociated and carried out by two distinct elements.
  • a second portion 62 of the front bearing 36 also centers the machine 10 with respect to the envelope 21.
  • this second portion 62 is constituted by a portion of the cylindrical wall 44 of the front bearing 36 located at the connection between the two bearings 36, 37.
  • This portion 62 has a surface adjusted relative to a cylindrical face corresponding internal envelope 21, for example by an adjustment between 1/100 and 3/100 of a millimeter, for example of H7g6 type.
  • a centering portion of the cylindrical wall 49 of the rear bearing 37 ensures the centering of the machine 10 with respect to the casing 21.
  • This portion comprises a surface adjusted with respect to a corresponding inner cylindrical face of the envelope 21, for example by an adjustment of between 1/100 and 3/100 millimeters, for example of the H7g6 type.
  • the shaft 13 has in its central part splines for its force fitting inside the central bore of the rotor body 25.
  • a setting portion 65 allows rotation of the shaft 13 during the insertion of the machine 10 into the envelope 21. This facilitates the coupling of the machine 10 with the host element 20 by allowing the insertion of the teeth of the pinion 24 carried by the shaft 13 between the teeth spaces of the corresponding pinion of the host element 20.
  • adjustment 65 comprises at least two flats intended to cooperate with a tool of corresponding shape. This tool can be manipulated manually by an operator or, if necessary, automatically by a robot assembly line.
  • the electric machine 10 is cooled by means of a cooling circuit 68 arranged to allow in particular the flow of a cooling liquid, in this case oil between the housing 16 and the stator body 30, in the direction of the axis X.
  • a cooling liquid in this case oil
  • the cooling circuit 68 comprises a pump 69 for injecting cooling liquid into a distribution chamber 70.
  • the distribution chamber 70 of generally annular shape is delimited by a portion of an inner face 72 of the housing 21 and part of the wall 44 of the front bearing 36.
  • the front bearing 36 comprises, in the cylindrical wall 44, a peripheral recess 71.
  • This recess 71 is defined by a reduction in diameter of the cylindrical wall 44.
  • the chamber 70 is delimited by the external face of this recess 71 as well as by an internal face vis-à-vis an inner wall of the casing 21.
  • the chamber 70 extends beyond the recess 71 in an annular space delimited by the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion of the front bearing 36 and the inner face 72 of the casing 21.
  • the chamber 70 is hermetically sealed at its rear end by a seal 75 positioned inside a groove 78 formed in the outer periphery of the front bearing 36. On the front end side, the outer surface of the wall transverse wall 43 bears against a corresponding flat surface of the transverse wall 57 of the casing 21 to seal the chamber 70.
  • the chamber 70 is in communication with a plurality of channels 76 (see FIG. extending axially between the stator January 1 and the housing 16 for the passage of the coolant. These channels 76 are distributed angularly in a regular manner on the circumference of the stator January 1.
  • these channels 76 are formed by grooves driven in an outer periphery of the stator body 1 1 and radially closed by the inner face of the casing 16.
  • the configuration is reversed and the grooves are made in the inner face of housing 16.
  • the casing 16 has a plurality of openings 77 each opening at one end to the outside of the machine 10 in the distribution chamber 70 and at another their ends on the side of the channels 76.
  • the plurality of openings 77 is angularly distributed along a periphery of the casing 16.
  • a surface of the section of the different apertures 77 varies according to an angular position of the apertures 77, so that the coolant flows in each channel 76 with substantially the same pressure.
  • the further one moves away from the oil injection zone 80 inside the chamber 70 the more the surface of the sections of the different openings 77 increases.
  • the openings 77 have an increasing cross section when one moves away from the oil injection zone.
  • the openings 77 each have an axis X1 (see FIG. 7b) extending parallel to the axis X of the machine 10 corresponding to the flow direction of the cooling liquid inside the channels 76.
  • oil injection direction along the arrow F1 is inclined relative to the axis X1 of the openings 77, for example at an angle of at least 40 degrees and here being about 90 degrees.
  • the liquid in the distribution chamber 70 is under pressure and preferably circulates at a flow rate of between 3 and 11 liters / minute.
  • the oil injected along the arrow F1 is distributed homogeneously inside the openings 77 on the circumference of the chamber 77 along the arrow F2 to flow axially at the inside of the channels 76 following the arrows F3 on the circumference of the stator January 1 in order to effectively cool the machine 10.
  • the oil also circulates in an axial bore 83 made in the shaft 13 of the rotor 12 and in ducts 84 issuing from said bore 83 opening towards the two axial end faces of the rotor 12
  • the shaft 13 also comprises at least one oil outlet 85 opening in front of a reservoir 88 formed in the casing 16.
  • This tank 88 is adapted to receive the coolant also acting as a lubricant to ensure the lubrication of the front bearing 38.
  • the tank 88 is positioned in the lower part of the machine 10 so that the lubricant can be stored in the tank 88 by gravity.
  • the reservoir 88 is configured to promote the flow of excess lubricant towards the bearing 38 when the reservoir 88 is full.
  • the tank 88 is delimited by a bottom 89, a first flange 91 formed an annular flange radially oriented which is derived from an inner periphery of the nose 42, and a second flange 92 formed by the outer ring of the Bearing 38.
  • a portion of the bearing 38 is thus in fluid contact with the lubricant of the reservoir 88, that is to say that at least a portion of the bearing 38 is in direct contact with the oil of the reservoir 88.
  • flange 91 is configured to allow the flow of the lubricant from the reservoir 88 to the bearing 38, especially by gravity, when the machine 10 is mounted in the host element 20.
  • the height H1 of the first edge relative to the bottom 89 is greater than the height H2 of the second flange 92 relative to the bottom 89.
  • the bottom 89 is slightly raised relative to the bearing surface of the inner ring of the 38 and extends along its width in a direction of the X axis of the machine 10.
  • the bearing 38 is free of flange.
  • the bearing 38 is preferably degreased so that it can be easily traversed by the oil without interference with the fat that it contains by default and which has been removed as a precaution.
  • the cooling circuit 68 operates in closed loop, so that the oil is taken by the pump 69 in an external reservoir 95 to the machine 10 and is recovered after circulation in the machine 10 in the reservoir 95.
  • the rear bearing 37 has openings 96 distributed around its circumference and clearly visible in FIG. 6. As can be seen in FIGS. 3a, 3b and 4, the bearing front 36 also has an opening 97 to allow an oil outlet to the reservoir 95.
  • the casing 16 comprises an indexing member 100 arranged to allow the angular indexing of the machine 10 by relative to the envelope 21 when it is inserted into the envelope 21.
  • the indexing member 100 shown in FIGS. 3b, 4, and 5 is constituted by a stud made on the transverse wall 43 of the front bearing 36. This stud 100 is arranged to fit in a correspondingly shaped bore of the host element 20.
  • the pad 100 may be of type reported with respect to the casing 16 or alternatively, of material with the casing 16.
  • the pad 100 is further configured to allow the locking in rotation of the machine 10.
  • the pad 100 has for this purpose a section adapted to contribute to withstanding at least a portion of the forces developed by the electrical machine 10 in operation.
  • the coolant also acting as a lubricant may take the form of an emulsion of oil and water.
  • a power of the machine 10 may be between 10kW and 50kW.
  • An outer diameter of the rotor 12 is between 8 and 14 cm, in particular between 10 and 12 cm, and is preferably 1 1 cm.
  • An outside diameter of the stator January 1 is between 10 and 20 cm, especially between 13 and 18 cm, and is preferably 15 cm.

Abstract

The invention relates mainly to a rotary electric machine (10) comprising: a casing (16), a stator, a plurality of ducts extending between the said stator and the said casing (16) for the passage of a cooling liquid, characterized in that the said casing (16) comprises a plurality of openings (77) each opening via one of their ends to the outside of the said rotary electric machine (10) and via another of their ends onto the side of the said ducts.

Description

MACHINE ELECTRIQUE TOURNANTE A REFROIDISSEMENT OPTIMISE  ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE WITH OPTIMIZED COOLING
La présente invention porte sur une machine électrique tournante à refroidissement optimisé. L'invention trouve une application particulièrement avantageuse, mais non exclusive, avec les machines électriques réversibles de forte puissance pouvant fonctionner en mode alternateur et en mode moteur. The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine with optimized cooling. The invention finds a particularly advantageous, but not exclusive, application with high power reversible electrical machines that can operate in alternator mode and in motor mode.
De façon connue en soi, les machines électriques tournantes comportent un stator et un rotor solidaire d'un arbre. Le rotor pourra être solidaire d'un arbre menant et/ou mené et pourra appartenir à une machine électrique tournante sous la forme d'un alternateur, d'un moteur électrique, ou d'une machine réversible pouvant fonctionner dans les deux modes. In known manner, the rotating electrical machines comprise a stator and a rotor secured to a shaft. The rotor may be integral with a driving shaft and / or driven and may belong to a rotating electrical machine in the form of an alternator, an electric motor, or a reversible machine that can operate in both modes.
Le stator est monté dans un carter configuré pour porter à rotation l'arbre par exemple par l'intermédiaire de roulements. Le rotor comporte un corps formé par un empilage de feuilles de tôles maintenues sous forme de paquet au moyen d'un système de fixation adapté, tel que des rivets traversant axialement le corps du rotor de part en part. Le rotor comporte des pôles formés par exemple par des aimants permanents logés dans des cavités ménagées dans la masse magnétique du rotor, comme cela est décrit par exemple dans le document EP0803962. Alternativement, dans une architecture dite à pôles "saillants", les pôles sont formés par des bobines enroulées autour de bras du rotor. The stator is mounted in a housing configured to rotate the shaft for example by means of bearings. The rotor comprises a body formed by a stack of sheets of sheets held in package form by means of a suitable fastening system, such as rivets axially passing through the rotor body from one side to the other. The rotor comprises poles formed for example by permanent magnets housed in cavities formed in the magnetic mass of the rotor, as described for example in document EP0803962. Alternatively, in a so-called "salient" poles architecture, the poles are formed by coils wound around rotor arms.
Par ailleurs, le stator comporte un corps constitué par un empilage de tôles minces formant une couronne, dont la face intérieure est pourvue d'encoches ouvertes vers l'intérieur pour recevoir des enroulements de phase. Ces enroulements traversent les encoches du corps du stator et forment des chignons faisant saillie de part et d'autre du corps du stator. Les enroulements de phase sont obtenus par exemple à partir d'un fil continu recouvert d'émail ou à partir d'éléments conducteurs en forme d'épingles reliées entre elles par soudage. Ces enroulements sont des enroulements polyphasés connectés en étoile ou en triangle dont les sorties sont reliées à un pont redresseur de tension. Dans le cadre de l'hybridation des véhicules automobiles, une machine électrique tournante réversible de forte puissance peut être intégrée dans différents éléments de la chaîne de traction. La machine peut ainsi être accouplée à une boîte de vitesses, un embrayage, ou un différentiel du véhicule. La machine électrique est alors apte à fonctionner dans un mode alternateur pour fournir notamment de l'énergie à la batterie et au réseau de bord du véhicule, et dans un mode moteur, non seulement pour assurer le démarrage du moteur thermique, mais également pour participer à la traction du véhicule seule ou en combinaison avec le moteur thermique. Compte tenu de sa puissance importante comprise entre 18kW et 50kW, la machine électrique a tendance à s'échauffer en cours de fonctionnement. L'invention vise à optimiser le refroidissement de ce type de machine. Furthermore, the stator comprises a body consisting of a stack of thin sheets forming a ring, whose inner face is provided with notches open inwardly to receive phase windings. These windings pass through the notches of the stator body and form buns protruding from both sides of the stator body. The phase windings are obtained for example from a continuous wire covered with enamel or from conductive elements in the form of pins connected together by welding. These windings are polyphase windings connected in star or delta whose outputs are connected to a voltage rectifier bridge. As part of the hybridization of motor vehicles, a reversible electric machine of high power can be integrated in various elements of the power train. The machine can thus be coupled to a gearbox, a clutch, or a differential of the vehicle. The electric machine is then able to operate in an alternator mode to provide, in particular, power to the battery and to the on-board vehicle network, and in a motor mode, not only to start the engine, but also to participate pulling the vehicle alone or in combination with the engine. Given its significant power between 18kW and 50kW, the electric machine tends to heat up during operation. The invention aims to optimize the cooling of this type of machine.
A cet effet, l'invention propose une machine électrique tournante comportant:For this purpose, the invention proposes a rotating electrical machine comprising:
- un carter, - a housing,
- un stator, - a stator,
- une pluralité de canaux s'étendant entre ledit stator et ledit carter pour le passage d'un liquide de refroidissement,  a plurality of channels extending between said stator and said casing for the passage of a cooling liquid,
caractérisée en ce que ledit carter comporte une pluralité d'ouvertures débouchant chacune par une de leurs extrémités à l'extérieur de ladite machine électrique tournante et par une autre de leurs extrémités du côté desdits canaux. characterized in that said housing comprises a plurality of openings each opening at one of their ends outside said rotary electrical machine and at another of their ends on the side of said channels.
L'invention permet ainsi d'améliorer le refroidissement de la machine électrique tournante en autorisant la réalisation d'une chambre de distribution de liquide de refroidissement, par exemple de l'huile, à l'extérieur de la machine alimentant les canaux internes via les ouvertures pour assurer une répartition homogène du liquide à l'intérieur de la machine. The invention thus makes it possible to improve the cooling of the rotating electrical machine by authorizing the production of a coolant distribution chamber, for example oil, outside the machine supplying the internal channels via the openings to ensure a homogeneous distribution of the liquid inside the machine.
Selon une réalisation, ladite pluralité d'ouvertures est répartie angulairement suivant un pourtour dudit carter. According to one embodiment, said plurality of openings is angularly distributed along one periphery of said housing.
Selon une réalisation, ledit carter comporte un décrochement, notamment périphérique, formant au moins une portion d'une chambre de distribution du liquide de refroidissement lorsque ladite machine électrique tournante est insérée dans un élément hôte. Selon une réalisation, une surface de la section des différentes ouvertures varie en fonction d'une position angulaire desdites ouvertures, de sorte que ledit liquide de refroidissement circule dans chaque canal avec sensiblement la même pression. Selon une réalisation, sur une portion angulaire d'au moins 100 degrés, notamment de 180 degrés, lesdites ouvertures présentent une section croissante. According to one embodiment, said housing comprises a recess, in particular peripheral, forming at least a portion of a coolant distribution chamber when said rotating electrical machine is inserted into a host element. According to one embodiment, a surface of the section of the different openings varies according to an angular position of said openings, so that said cooling liquid circulates in each channel with substantially the same pressure. According to one embodiment, on an angular portion of at least 100 degrees, in particular 180 degrees, said openings have an increasing section.
Selon une réalisation, ledit carter comporte, notamment sur sa paroi externe, une gorge destinée à recevoir un joint. Selon une réalisation, la gorge est agencée pour recevoir un joint torique. According to one embodiment, said housing comprises, in particular on its outer wall, a groove for receiving a seal. In one embodiment, the groove is arranged to receive an O-ring.
Selon une réalisation, ledit carter comprend un élément de guidage axial de ladite machine électrique tournante lors de son insertion dans une enveloppe d'un élément hôte destiné à être accouplé mécanique avec ladite machine électrique tournante, et un élément de centrage de ladite machine électrique tournante par rapport à ladite enveloppe dudit élément hôte. According to one embodiment, said casing comprises an axial guiding element of said rotating electrical machine when it is inserted into an envelope of a host element intended to be mechanically coupled with said rotating electrical machine, and a centering element of said rotating electrical machine. with respect to said envelope of said host element.
Selon une réalisation, ladite machine électrique tournante comporte un arbre ayant: According to one embodiment, said rotating electrical machine comprises a shaft having:
à sa première extrémité un organe d'accouplement avec un élément hôte, et  at its first end a coupling member with a host element, and
- à sa deuxième extrémité une portion de réglage permettant un entraînement en rotation de l'arbre lors d'une insertion de ladite machine électrique tournante dans une enveloppe dudit élément hôte. - At its second end a setting portion for a rotational drive of the shaft during an insertion of said rotating electrical machine into an envelope of said host element.
Selon une réalisation, une puissance de la machine pourra être comprise entre 10kW et 50kW. Selon une réalisation, un diamètre extérieur du rotor est compris entre 8 et 14 cm, notamment entre 10 et 12 cm, et vaut de préférence 1 1 cm. According to one embodiment, a power of the machine may be between 10kW and 50kW. According to one embodiment, an outer diameter of the rotor is between 8 and 14 cm, in particular between 10 and 12 cm, and is preferably 1 1 cm.
Selon une réalisation, un diamètre extérieur du stator est compris entre 10 et 20 cm, notamment entre 13 et 18 cm, et vaut de préférence 15 cm. Selon une réalisation, le circuit de refroidissement est agencé pour permettre l'écoulement d'un liquide de refroidissement dans un alésage axial réalisé dans l'arbre. According to one embodiment, an outer diameter of the stator is between 10 and 20 cm, in particular between 13 and 18 cm, and is preferably 15 cm. According to one embodiment, the cooling circuit is arranged to allow the flow of a cooling liquid in an axial bore made in the shaft.
L'invention a également pour objet un ensemble caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une enveloppe d'un élément hôte et une machine électrique tournante telle précédemment définie insérée dans ladite enveloppe. The invention also relates to an assembly characterized in that it comprises an envelope of a host element and a rotating electrical machine as defined above inserted in said envelope.
Selon une réalisation, ladite chambre de distribution est délimitée par une partie d'une paroi interne de ladite enveloppe et une partie d'une paroi externe dudit carter. Selon une réalisation, l'ensemble comporte un jointjoint, notamment torique, pour assurer une fermeture de ladite chambre de distribution. On force ainsi l'huile à entrer dans la machine en passant par les ouvertures circonférentielles réalisées dans le carter. According to one embodiment, said distribution chamber is delimited by a portion of an inner wall of said casing and a portion of an outer wall of said casing. According to one embodiment, the assembly comprises a jointjoint, including toric, to ensure a closure of said distribution chamber. This forces the oil into the machine through the circumferential openings in the housing.
Selon une réalisation, le joint est disposé dans la gorge. Selon une réalisation, ledit carter comporte une surface plane en appui contre une surface plane correspondante de ladite enveloppe d'un élément hôte pour assurer une étanchéité de ladite chambre de distribution. La chambre est ainsi délimitée par la portion de la paroi interne de l'enveloppe, par la portion de la paroi externe du carter, par le joint et par la zone de contact plane entre le carter et l'enveloppe. In one embodiment, the seal is disposed in the groove. According to one embodiment, said casing comprises a flat surface bearing against a corresponding flat surface of said envelope of a host element to ensure sealing of said distribution chamber. The chamber is thus delimited by the portion of the inner wall of the casing, by the portion of the outer wall of the casing, by the seal and by the flat contact area between the casing and the casing.
Selon une réalisation, lesdites ouvertures présentent chacune un axe s'étendant suivant un axe de rotation de la machine électrique tournante. According to one embodiment, said openings each have an axis extending along an axis of rotation of the rotating electrical machine.
Selon une réalisation, une direction d'injection d'huile est inclinée par rapport à un axe desdites ouvertures. Selon une réalisation, ledit liquide de refroidissement situé dans ladite chambre de distribution est sous pression et circule à un débit compris entre 3 et 1 1 Litres/minute. L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l'examen des figures qui l'accompagnent. Ces figures ne sont données qu'à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif de l'invention. In one embodiment, an oil injection direction is inclined with respect to an axis of said openings. According to one embodiment, said coolant located in said distribution chamber is under pressure and circulates at a flow rate of between 3 and 11 liters / minute. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and on examining the figures which accompany it. These figures are given for illustrative but not limiting of the invention.
La figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une machine électrique tournante selon la présente invention; Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotary electric machine according to the present invention;
La figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une machine électrique tournante selon la présente invention sans les parties actives installée à l'intérieur d'un élément hôte; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotating electrical machine according to the present invention without the active parts installed within a host element;
Les figures 3a et 3b représentent des vues en perspective de la machine électrique tournante selon la présente invention suivant différents angles; Figures 3a and 3b show perspective views of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention at different angles;
La figure 4 est une vue de face de la machine électrique tournante selon la présente invention; Figure 4 is a front view of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention;
La figure 5 est une vue en coupe partielle de la machine électrique tournante selon la présente invention; La figure 6 est une vue en perspective montrant le palier arrière de la machine électrique tournante selon la présente invention; Figure 5 is a partial sectional view of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention; Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the rear bearing of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention;
Les figures 7a et 7b sont respectivement des vues en couple longitudinale et en perspective illustrant le sens de circulation du liquide de refroidissement à l'intérieur de la machine électrique tournante selon la présente invention. Les éléments identiques, similaires, ou analogues conservent la même référence d'une figure à l'autre. Dans la suite de la description, on considère qu'un élément "avant" est situé du côté de l'organe d'accouplement de la machine, tel qu'un pignon ou une poulie, avec l'élément hôte et qu'un élément "arrière" est situé du côté opposé. La figure 1 montre une machine électrique tournante 10 comportant un stator polyphasé 1 1 entourant un rotor 12 d'axe X monté sur un arbre 13. Le stator 1 1 est porté par un carter 16 configuré pour porter à rotation l'arbre 13. Le stator 1 1 entoure le rotor 12 avec présence d'un entrefer entre la périphérie interne du stator 1 1 et la périphérie externe du rotor 12. Cette machine électrique 10 est destinée à être installée à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe 21 d'un élément hôte 20 visible en figure 2 appartenant à une chaîne de traction de véhicule automobile. L'élément hôte 20 destiné à être accouplé mécaniquement avec la machine électrique 10 pourra par exemple prendre la forme d'un embrayage, d'une boîte de vitesses, ou d'un différentiel. A cet effet, l'arbre 13 porte à une de ses extrémités un organe d'accouplement 24, tel qu'un pignon, destiné à engrener avec un pignon correspondant (non représenté) de l'élément hôte 20 afin d'assurer une transmission de couple entre les deux éléments. Le pignon 24 pourra être un pignon rapporté monté sur l'arbre 13 ou un pignon d'un autre type. En variante, l'organe d'accouplement 24 pourra consister en une poulie destinée à coopérer avec une courroie. Figures 7a and 7b are respectively longitudinal and perspective torque views illustrating the flow direction of the coolant within the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention. Identical, similar or similar elements retain the same reference from one figure to another. In the remainder of the description, it is considered that a "front" element is situated on the side of the coupling member of the machine, such as a pinion or a pulley, with the host element and an element "back" is located on the opposite side. FIG. 1 shows a rotating electrical machine 10 comprising a polyphase stator 11 surrounding an X-axis rotor 12 mounted on a shaft 13. The stator 11 is carried by a housing 16 configured to rotate the shaft 13. stator 1 1 surrounds the rotor 12 with presence of an air gap between the inner periphery of the stator 1 1 and the outer periphery of the rotor 12. This electrical machine 10 is intended to be installed inside an envelope 21 of a visible element 20 visible in Figure 2 belonging to a motor vehicle traction chain. The host element 20 to be mechanically coupled with the electric machine 10 may for example take the form of a clutch, a gearbox, or a differential. For this purpose, the shaft 13 carries at one of its ends a coupling member 24, such as a pinion, intended to mesh with a corresponding gear (not shown) of the host element 20 to ensure a transmission. couple between the two elements. The pinion 24 may be an attached pinion mounted on the shaft 13 or a pinion of another type. Alternatively, the coupling member 24 may consist of a pulley intended to cooperate with a belt.
La machine 10 est apte à fonctionner dans un mode alternateur pour fournir notamment de l'énergie à la batterie et au réseau de bord du véhicule, et dans un mode moteur pour participer à la traction du véhicule seule ou en combinaison avec le moteur thermique. The machine 10 is able to operate in an alternator mode to provide, in particular, power to the battery and to the on-board vehicle network, and in a motor mode to participate in pulling the vehicle alone or in combination with the heat engine.
Plus précisément, le rotor 12 comporte un corps 25 formé par un empilage de feuilles de tôles. Ces feuilles de tôles sont maintenues sous forme de paquet de tôles au moyen d'un système de fixation 26 adapté, tel que des rivets traversant axialement le rotor 12 de part en part. Des aimants permanents 27 sont implantés dans des ouvertures du corps. Les aimants 27 pourront être en terre rare ou en ferrite selon les applications et la puissance recherchée de la machine 10. Alternativement, les pôles du rotor 12 pourront être formés par des bobines. Par ailleurs, le stator 1 1 comporte un corps 30 en forme de paquet de tôles doté d'encoches, par exemple du type semi-fermées, équipées d'isolant d'encoches pour le montage du bobinage 31 du stator 1 1 . Le bobinage 31 comporte un ensemble d'enroulements de phase traversant les encoches du corps du stator 1 1 et formant des chignons avant 32 et arrière 33 s'étendant en saillie de part et d'autre du corps 30 du stator 1 1 . Les enroulements de phase sont obtenus ici à partir d'éléments conducteurs en forme d'épingles reliées entre elles par exemple par soudage. Ces enroulements sont par exemple des enroulements triphasés connectés en une ou plusieurs étoiles ou bien en un ou plusieurs triangles. Les sorties des enrouements de phase sont reliées à un pont commutateur et/ou redresseur et/ou à un onduleur comportant des diodes ou des transistors du type MOSFET, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit d'une machine 10 réversible. Le carter 16 comporte des paliers avant 36 et arrière 37 assemblés ensemble. Les paliers 36 et 37 sont de forme creuse et portent chacun en leur centre, un roulement à billes 38, 39 pour le montage à rotation de l'arbre 13. Alternativement, le roulement est un roulement magnétique. Plus précisément, le palier avant 36 comprend un nez 42 s'étendant en saillie par rapport à une paroi transversale 43. Une paroi 44 de forme cylindrique s'étend depuis la périphérie externe de la paroi transversale 43. Par ailleurs, le palier arrière 37 comporte une paroi transversale 47 comportant un trou traversant en son centre pour autoriser le passage de l'arbre 13 et munie d'une portée annulaire 48 destinée à supporter la bague externe du roulement arrière 39. Le palier arrière 37 comporte également une paroi cylindrique 49 s'étendant depuis une périphérie externe de la paroi transversale 43. More specifically, the rotor 12 comprises a body 25 formed by a stack of sheets of sheets. These sheets of sheet metal are held in the form of a bundle of sheets by means of a fastening system 26 adapted, such as rivets axially passing through the rotor 12 from one side to the other. Permanent magnets 27 are implanted in openings of the body. The magnets 27 may be rare earth or ferrite depending on the applications and the desired power of the machine 10. Alternatively, the poles of the rotor 12 may be formed by coils. Furthermore, the stator January 1 comprises a body 30 in the form of a pack of sheets with notches, for example of the semi-closed type, equipped with notch insulator for mounting the winding 31 of the stator January 1. The winding 31 comprises a set of phase windings passing through the notches of the body of the stator January 1 and forming front bunks 32 and rear 33 projecting on either side of the body 30 of the stator January 1. The phase windings are obtained here from conductive elements in the form of pins connected together for example by welding. These windings are for example three-phase windings connected in one or more stars or in one or more triangles. The outputs of the phase windings are connected to a switching bridge and / or rectifier and / or to an inverter comprising diodes or MOSFET type transistors, especially when it is a reversible machine. The housing 16 has front 36 and rear 37 bearings assembled together. The bearings 36 and 37 are of hollow form and each carry in their center, a ball bearing 38, 39 for the rotational mounting of the shaft 13. Alternatively, the bearing is a magnetic bearing. Specifically, the front bearing 36 comprises a nose 42 projecting from a transverse wall 43. A cylindrical wall 44 extends from the outer periphery of the transverse wall 43. Furthermore, the rear bearing 37 has a transverse wall 47 having a through hole at its center to allow the passage of the shaft 13 and provided with an annular bearing surface 48 for supporting the outer ring of the rear bearing 39. The rear bearing 37 also has a cylindrical wall 49 extending from an outer periphery of the transverse wall 43.
Le palier arrière 37 est fixé au palier avant 36 au moyen d'organes de fixation 51 , tels que des vis ou des rivets, traversant des ouvertures réalisées dans un rebord annulaire 50 issu de la paroi 49 pour coopérer avec des alésages ménagés dans l'épaisseur de la paroi cylindrique 44 du palier avant 36 (cf. figure 2). The rear bearing 37 is fixed to the front bearing 36 by means of fasteners 51, such as screws or rivets, passing through openings made in an annular flange 50 coming from the wall 49 to cooperate with bores formed in the thickness of the cylindrical wall 44 of the front bearing 36 (see Figure 2).
En l'occurrence, le nez 42 est destiné à coopérer avec un manchon 56 creux de forme correspondante issu d'une paroi 57, notamment transversale interne, de l'enveloppe 21 . Le nez 42 forme un élément de guidage axial de la machine 10 par rapport à l'élément hôte 20, lors de son insertion à l'intérieur du manchon 56. Le positionnement axial de la machine 10 à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 21 est contrôlé par la surface externe de la paroi transversale 43 du palier avant 36 constituant une butée axiale destinée à venir en appui contre la paroi transversale 57 correspondante de l'enveloppe 21 . La surface formant butée est contenue dans un plan P1 perpendiculaire par rapport à l'axe X de la machine 10. En outre, le nez 42 forme un élément de centrage de la machine 10 par rapport à l'enveloppe 21 de l'élément hôte 20. A cet effet, le nez 42 comporte en périphérie externe une surface ajustée 60 par rapport au manchon 56, par exemple par un ajustement compris entre 1/100 et 3/100 de millimètre, par exemple de type H7g6. Une section du nez 42 perpendiculaire à l'axe du carter 16 (correspondant à l'axe X) coupant la surface ajustée 60 présente une surface supérieure strictement à une surface d'une autre section du nez 42. In this case, the nose 42 is intended to cooperate with a hollow sleeve 56 of corresponding shape coming from a wall 57, in particular an internal transverse wall, of the envelope 21. The nose 42 forms an axial guiding element of the machine 10 with respect to the host element 20, when it is inserted inside the sleeve 56. The axial positioning of the machine 10 inside the envelope 21 is controlled by the external surface of the transverse wall 43 of the front bearing 36 constituting an axial abutment intended to abut against the corresponding transverse wall 57 of the casing 21. The abutment surface is contained in a plane P1 perpendicular to the axis X of the machine 10. In addition, the nose 42 forms a centering element of the machine 10 with respect to the casing 21 of the host element 20. For this purpose, the nose 42 has at the outer periphery an adjusted surface 60 with respect to the sleeve 56, for example by an adjustment between 1/100 and 3/100 of a millimeter, for example of the H7g6 type. A section of the nose 42 perpendicular to the axis of the housing 16 (corresponding to the X axis) intersecting the adjusted surface 60 has an upper surface strictly at a surface of another section of the nose 42.
Le nez 42 comporte une paroi de forme cylindrique délimitant un espace autorisant le passage de l'arbre 13. Le nez 42 porte en outre la bague externe du roulement avant 38 coopérant avec une surface de portée correspondante ménagée dans la périphérie interne du nez 42. En outre, la surface de la plus grande section du nez 42 est inférieure strictement à toute surface d'une section de la machine 10 contenue dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X de la machine 10 coupant le stator 1 1 . Autrement dit, le plus grand diamètre externe du nez 42 situé au niveau de la surface ajustée 60 est inférieur au diamètre externe de toute autre partie du palier avant 36 ou du palier arrière 37. The nose 42 has a cylindrical wall delimiting a space allowing the passage of the shaft 13. The nose 42 also carries the outer ring of the front bearing 38 cooperating with a corresponding bearing surface formed in the inner periphery of the nose 42. In addition, the surface of the largest section of the nose 42 is strictly lower than any surface of a section of the machine 10 contained in a plane perpendicular to the axis X of the machine 10 cutting the stator January 1. In other words, the largest outside diameter of the nose 42 located at the adjusted surface 60 is smaller than the outside diameter of any other part of the front bearing 36 or the rear bearing 37.
En variante, les fonctions de guidage et de centrage la machine 10 sont dissociées et réalisées par deux éléments distincts. In a variant, the guiding and centering functions of the machine 10 are dissociated and carried out by two distinct elements.
Une deuxième portion 62 du palier avant 36 assure également le centrage de la machine 10 par rapport à l'enveloppe 21 . En l'occurrence, cette deuxième portion 62 est constituée par une partie de la paroi cylindrique 44 du palier avant 36 située au niveau de la liaison entre les deux paliers 36, 37. Cette portion 62 comporte une surface ajustée par rapport à une face cylindrique interne correspondante de l'enveloppe 21 , par exemple par un ajustement compris entre 1/100 et 3/100 de millimètre, par exemple de type H7g6. A second portion 62 of the front bearing 36 also centers the machine 10 with respect to the envelope 21. In this case, this second portion 62 is constituted by a portion of the cylindrical wall 44 of the front bearing 36 located at the connection between the two bearings 36, 37. This portion 62 has a surface adjusted relative to a cylindrical face corresponding internal envelope 21, for example by an adjustment between 1/100 and 3/100 of a millimeter, for example of H7g6 type.
Ainsi, en se déplaçant depuis l'extrémité avant vers l'extrémité arrière de la machine 10, on rencontre successivement le nez 42 dans lequel est monté le roulement avant 38, le chignon avant 32, une extrémité axiale avant du stator 1 1 et la deuxième portion de centrage 62, puis le roulement arrière 39. Alternativement, une portion de centrage de la paroi cylindrique 49 du palier arrière 37 assure le centrage de la machine 10 par rapport à l'enveloppe 21 . Cette portion comporte une surface ajustée par rapport à une face cylindrique interne correspondante de l'enveloppe 21 , par exemple par un ajustement compris entre 1/100 et 3/100 de millimètre, par exemple de type H7g6. Ainsi, selon cette variante, en se déplaçant depuis l'extrémité avant vers l'extrémité arrière de la machine 10, on rencontre successivement le nez 42 dans lequel est monté le roulement avant 38, le chignon avant 32, une extrémité axiale avant du stator 1 1 et la portion de centrage de la paroi cylindrique du palier arrière, puis le roulement arrière 39. Thus, by moving from the front end towards the rear end of the machine 10, the nose 42 in which the front bearing 38, the front bun 32, a front axial end of the stator 11 and the second centering portion 62, then the rear bearing 39. Alternatively, a centering portion of the cylindrical wall 49 of the rear bearing 37 ensures the centering of the machine 10 with respect to the casing 21. This portion comprises a surface adjusted with respect to a corresponding inner cylindrical face of the envelope 21, for example by an adjustment of between 1/100 and 3/100 millimeters, for example of the H7g6 type. Thus, according to this variant, moving from the front end to the rear end of the machine 10, successively the nose 42 in which is mounted the front bearing 38, the front bun 32, a front axial end of the stator 1 1 and the centering portion of the cylindrical wall of the rear bearing, then the rear bearing 39.
L'arbre 13 comporte dans sa partie centrale des cannelures pour son emmanchement à force à l'intérieur de l'alésage central du corps de rotor 25. En outre, du côté de l'extrémité opposée de l'organe d'accouplement 24, une portion de réglage 65 permet un entraînement en rotation de l'arbre 13 lors de l'insertion de la machine 10 dans l'enveloppe 21 . On facilite ainsi l'accouplement de la machine 10 avec l'élément hôte 20 en permettant l'insertion des dents du pignon 24 porté par l'arbre 13 entre les espaces des dents du pignon correspondant de l'élément hôte 20. La portion de réglage 65 comporte par exemple au moins deux méplats destinés à coopérer avec un outil de forme correspondante. Cet outil pourra être manipulé manuellement par un opérateur ou, le cas échéant, automatiquement par un robot en chaîne de montage. The shaft 13 has in its central part splines for its force fitting inside the central bore of the rotor body 25. In addition, on the opposite end of the coupling member 24 side, a setting portion 65 allows rotation of the shaft 13 during the insertion of the machine 10 into the envelope 21. This facilitates the coupling of the machine 10 with the host element 20 by allowing the insertion of the teeth of the pinion 24 carried by the shaft 13 between the teeth spaces of the corresponding pinion of the host element 20. The portion of For example, adjustment 65 comprises at least two flats intended to cooperate with a tool of corresponding shape. This tool can be manipulated manually by an operator or, if necessary, automatically by a robot assembly line.
Par ailleurs, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, la machine électrique 10 est refroidie au moyen d'un circuit de refroidissement 68 agencé pour permettre notamment l'écoulement d'un liquide de refroidissement, en l'occurrence de l'huile, entre le carter 16 et le corps de stator 30, dans la direction de l'axe X. Moreover, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the electric machine 10 is cooled by means of a cooling circuit 68 arranged to allow in particular the flow of a cooling liquid, in this case oil between the housing 16 and the stator body 30, in the direction of the axis X.
A cet effet, le circuit de refroidissement 68 comporte une pompe 69 permettant d'injecter du liquide de refroidissement dans une chambre de distribution 70. La chambre de distribution 70 de forme globalement annulaire est délimitée par une partie d'une face interne 72 de l'enveloppe 21 et une partie de la paroi 44 du palier avant 36. Plus précisément, le palier avant 36 comporte, dans la paroi cylindrique 44, un décrochement périphérique 71 . Ce décrochement 71 est défini par une réduction de diamètre de la paroi cylindrique 44. La chambre 70 est délimitée par la face externe de ce décrochement 71 ainsi que par une face interne en vis-à-vis d'une paroi interne de l'enveloppe 21 . La chambre 70 se prolonge au-delà du décrochement 71 dans un espace annulaire délimité par la périphérie externe de la portion cylindrique du palier avant 36 et la face interne 72 de l'enveloppe 21 . For this purpose, the cooling circuit 68 comprises a pump 69 for injecting cooling liquid into a distribution chamber 70. The distribution chamber 70 of generally annular shape is delimited by a portion of an inner face 72 of the housing 21 and part of the wall 44 of the front bearing 36. More specifically, the front bearing 36 comprises, in the cylindrical wall 44, a peripheral recess 71. This recess 71 is defined by a reduction in diameter of the cylindrical wall 44. The chamber 70 is delimited by the external face of this recess 71 as well as by an internal face vis-à-vis an inner wall of the casing 21. The chamber 70 extends beyond the recess 71 in an annular space delimited by the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion of the front bearing 36 and the inner face 72 of the casing 21.
La chambre 70 est fermée hermétiquement du côté de son extrémité arrière par un joint 75 positionné à l'intérieur d'une gorge 78 ménagée dans la périphérie externe du palier avant 36. Du côté de l'extrémité avant, la surface externe de la paroi transversale 43 vient en appui contre une surface plane correspondante de la paroi transversale 57 de l'enveloppe 21 pour assurer l'étanchéité de la chambre 70. La chambre 70 est en communication avec une pluralité de canaux 76 (cf. figure 1 ) s'étendant axialement entre le stator 1 1 et le carter 16 pour le passage du liquide de refroidissement. Ces canaux 76 sont répartis angulairement de manière régulière sur la circonférence du stator 1 1 . Dans un exemple de réalisation, ces canaux 76 sont formés par des rainures managées dans une périphérie externe du corps de stator 1 1 et fermées radialement par la face interne du carter 16. En variante, la configuration est inversée et les rainures sont réalisées dans la face interne du carter 16. The chamber 70 is hermetically sealed at its rear end by a seal 75 positioned inside a groove 78 formed in the outer periphery of the front bearing 36. On the front end side, the outer surface of the wall transverse wall 43 bears against a corresponding flat surface of the transverse wall 57 of the casing 21 to seal the chamber 70. The chamber 70 is in communication with a plurality of channels 76 (see FIG. extending axially between the stator January 1 and the housing 16 for the passage of the coolant. These channels 76 are distributed angularly in a regular manner on the circumference of the stator January 1. In an exemplary embodiment, these channels 76 are formed by grooves driven in an outer periphery of the stator body 1 1 and radially closed by the inner face of the casing 16. In a variant, the configuration is reversed and the grooves are made in the inner face of housing 16.
Pour assurer la communication fluidique entre la chambre 70 et les canaux 76, le carter 16 comporte une pluralité d'ouvertures 77 débouchant chacune par une de leurs extrémités à l'extérieur de la machine 10 dans la chambre de distribution 70 et par une autre de leurs extrémités du côté des canaux 76. La pluralité d'ouvertures 77 est répartie angulairement suivant un pourtour du carter 16. To ensure fluid communication between the chamber 70 and the channels 76, the casing 16 has a plurality of openings 77 each opening at one end to the outside of the machine 10 in the distribution chamber 70 and at another their ends on the side of the channels 76. The plurality of openings 77 is angularly distributed along a periphery of the casing 16.
Une surface de la section des différentes ouvertures 77 varie en fonction d'une position angulaire des ouvertures 77, de sorte que le liquide de refroidissement circule dans chaque canal 76 avec sensiblement la même pression. Ainsi, plus on s'éloigne de la zone d'injection d'huile 80 à l'intérieur de la chambre 70, plus la surface des sections des différentes ouvertures 77 augmente. Ainsi, sur une ouverture angulaire d'au moins 100 degrés, notamment de 180 degrés, les ouvertures 77 présentent une section croissante lorsque l'on s'éloigne de la zone d'injection d'huile. A surface of the section of the different apertures 77 varies according to an angular position of the apertures 77, so that the coolant flows in each channel 76 with substantially the same pressure. Thus, the further one moves away from the oil injection zone 80 inside the chamber 70, the more the surface of the sections of the different openings 77 increases. Thus, over an angular opening of at least 100 degrees, in particular 180 degrees, the openings 77 have an increasing cross section when one moves away from the oil injection zone.
Les ouvertures 77 présentent chacune un axe X1 (cf. figure 7b) s'étendant parallèlement à l'axe X de la machine 10 correspondant à la direction d'écoulement du liquide de refroidissement à l'intérieur des canaux 76. De préférence, une direction d'injection d'huile suivant la flèche F1 est inclinée par rapport à l'axe X1 des ouvertures 77, par exemple d'un angle d'au moins 40 degrés et valant ici environ 90 degrés. Le liquide dans la chambre de distribution 70 est sous pression et circule de préférence à un débit compris entre 3 et 1 1 Litres/minute. The openings 77 each have an axis X1 (see FIG. 7b) extending parallel to the axis X of the machine 10 corresponding to the flow direction of the cooling liquid inside the channels 76. oil injection direction along the arrow F1 is inclined relative to the axis X1 of the openings 77, for example at an angle of at least 40 degrees and here being about 90 degrees. The liquid in the distribution chamber 70 is under pressure and preferably circulates at a flow rate of between 3 and 11 liters / minute.
Ainsi, comme cela est illustré sur les figures 7a et 7b, l'huile injectée suivant la flèche F1 est réparties de manière homogène à l'intérieur des ouvertures 77 sur la circonférence de la chambre 77 suivant la flèche F2 pour s'écouler axialement à l'intérieur des canaux 76 suivant les flèches F3 sur la circonférence du stator 1 1 afin de refroidir efficacement la machine 10. Thus, as illustrated in FIGS. 7a and 7b, the oil injected along the arrow F1 is distributed homogeneously inside the openings 77 on the circumference of the chamber 77 along the arrow F2 to flow axially at the inside of the channels 76 following the arrows F3 on the circumference of the stator January 1 in order to effectively cool the machine 10.
Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1 , l'huile circule également dans un alésage axial 83 réalisé dans l'arbre 13 du rotor 12 et dans des conduits 84 issus dudit alésage 83 débouchant vers les deux faces d'extrémité axiale du rotor 12. L'arbre 13 comporte également au moins une sortie d'huile 85 débouchant en face d'un réservoir 88 ménagé dans le carter 16. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the oil also circulates in an axial bore 83 made in the shaft 13 of the rotor 12 and in ducts 84 issuing from said bore 83 opening towards the two axial end faces of the rotor 12 The shaft 13 also comprises at least one oil outlet 85 opening in front of a reservoir 88 formed in the casing 16.
Ce réservoir 88 est adapté à recevoir le liquide de refroidissement jouant également un rôle de lubrifiant pour assurer la lubrification du roulement avant 38. Lorsque la machine électrique 10 est montée dans un véhicule automobile, le réservoir 88 est positionné dans la partie basse de la machine 10 pour que le lubrifiant puisse être stocké dans le réservoir 88 par gravité. This tank 88 is adapted to receive the coolant also acting as a lubricant to ensure the lubrication of the front bearing 38. When the electric machine 10 is mounted in a motor vehicle, the tank 88 is positioned in the lower part of the machine 10 so that the lubricant can be stored in the tank 88 by gravity.
Le réservoir 88 est configuré de façon à favoriser l'écoulement du surplus de lubrifiant en direction du roulement 38 lorsque le réservoir 88 est plein. The reservoir 88 is configured to promote the flow of excess lubricant towards the bearing 38 when the reservoir 88 is full.
Le réservoir 88 est délimité par un fond 89, un premier rebord 91 formé une collerette annulaire d'orientation radiale qui est issue d'une périphérie interne du nez 42, et un deuxième rebord 92 formé par la bague externe du roulement 38. Une portion du roulement 38 est ainsi en contact fluidique avec le lubrifiant du réservoir 88, c'est-à-dire qu'au moins une partie du roulement 38 est en contact direct avec l'huile du réservoir 88. Le premier rebord 91 est configuré pour permettre l'écoulement du lubrifiant depuis le réservoir 88 vers le roulement 38, notamment par gravité, lorsque la machine 10 est montée dans l'élément hôte 20. The tank 88 is delimited by a bottom 89, a first flange 91 formed an annular flange radially oriented which is derived from an inner periphery of the nose 42, and a second flange 92 formed by the outer ring of the Bearing 38. A portion of the bearing 38 is thus in fluid contact with the lubricant of the reservoir 88, that is to say that at least a portion of the bearing 38 is in direct contact with the oil of the reservoir 88. flange 91 is configured to allow the flow of the lubricant from the reservoir 88 to the bearing 38, especially by gravity, when the machine 10 is mounted in the host element 20.
En l'occurrence, la hauteur H1 du premier rebord par rapport au fond 89 est supérieure à la hauteur H2 du deuxième rebord 92 par rapport au fond 89. Le fond 89 est légèrement surélevé par rapport à la surface de portée de la bague interne du roulement 38 et s'étend suivant sa largeur suivant une direction de l'axe X de la machine 10. In this case, the height H1 of the first edge relative to the bottom 89 is greater than the height H2 of the second flange 92 relative to the bottom 89. The bottom 89 is slightly raised relative to the bearing surface of the inner ring of the 38 and extends along its width in a direction of the X axis of the machine 10.
Afin de faciliter l'écoulement de l'huile à travers le roulement 38, le roulement 38 est dépourvu de flasque. En outre, le roulement 38 est de préférence préalablement dégraissé de manière à pouvoir être parcouru aisément par l'huile sans interférence avec la graisse qu'il contient par défaut et qui aura été retirée par précaution. In order to facilitate the flow of oil through the bearing 38, the bearing 38 is free of flange. In addition, the bearing 38 is preferably degreased so that it can be easily traversed by the oil without interference with the fat that it contains by default and which has been removed as a precaution.
Le circuit de refroidissement 68 fonctionne en boucle fermée, de telle façon que l'huile est prélevée par la pompe 69 dans un réservoir externe 95 à la machine 10 et est récupérée après circulation dans la machine 10 dans ce réservoir 95. The cooling circuit 68 operates in closed loop, so that the oil is taken by the pump 69 in an external reservoir 95 to the machine 10 and is recovered after circulation in the machine 10 in the reservoir 95.
Pour autoriser l'huile à s'écouler dans le réservoir 95, le palier arrière 37 comporte des ouvertures 96 réparties sur sa circonférence et bien visibles sur la figure 6. Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 3a, 3b et 4, le palier avant 36 comporte également une ouverture 97 pour permettre une sortie d'huile vers le réservoir 95. To allow the oil to flow into the reservoir 95, the rear bearing 37 has openings 96 distributed around its circumference and clearly visible in FIG. 6. As can be seen in FIGS. 3a, 3b and 4, the bearing front 36 also has an opening 97 to allow an oil outlet to the reservoir 95.
Afin de s'assurer que l'ouverture 97 est en position basse pour permettre l'écoulement du liquide par gravité via la sortie 97, le carter 16 comporte un organe d'indexation 100 agencé pour permettre l'indexation angulaire de la machine 10 par rapport à l'enveloppe 21 lors de son insertion dans l'enveloppe 21 . Dans l'exemple de réalisation, l'organe d'indexation 100 montré sur les figures 3b, 4, et 5 est constitué par un plot réalisé sur la paroi transversale 43 du palier avant 36. Ce plot 100 est agencé pour venir s'insérer dans un alésage de forme correspondante de l'élément hôte 20. Le plot 100 pourra être de type rapporté par rapport au carter 16 ou alternativement, venir de matière avec le carter 16. Le plot 100 est en outre configuré pour permettre le blocage en rotation de la machine 10. Le plot 100 présente à cet effet une section apte à contribuer à résister à au moins une partie des efforts développés par la machine électrique 10 en fonctionnement. En variante, le liquide de refroidissement jouant également le rôle de lubrifiant pourra prendre la forme d'une émulsion d'huile et d'eau. In order to ensure that the opening 97 is in the low position to allow the flow of the liquid by gravity via the outlet 97, the casing 16 comprises an indexing member 100 arranged to allow the angular indexing of the machine 10 by relative to the envelope 21 when it is inserted into the envelope 21. In the exemplary embodiment, the indexing member 100 shown in FIGS. 3b, 4, and 5 is constituted by a stud made on the transverse wall 43 of the front bearing 36. This stud 100 is arranged to fit in a correspondingly shaped bore of the host element 20. The pad 100 may be of type reported with respect to the casing 16 or alternatively, of material with the casing 16. The pad 100 is further configured to allow the locking in rotation of the machine 10. The pad 100 has for this purpose a section adapted to contribute to withstanding at least a portion of the forces developed by the electrical machine 10 in operation. Alternatively, the coolant also acting as a lubricant may take the form of an emulsion of oil and water.
Selon une réalisation, une puissance de la machine 10 pourra être comprise entre 10kW et 50kW. Un diamètre extérieur du rotor 12 est compris entre 8 et 14 cm, notamment entre 10 et 12 cm, et vaut de préférence 1 1 cm. Un diamètre extérieur du stator 1 1 est compris entre 10 et 20 cm, notamment entre 13 et 18 cm, et vaut de préférence 15 cm. According to one embodiment, a power of the machine 10 may be between 10kW and 50kW. An outer diameter of the rotor 12 is between 8 and 14 cm, in particular between 10 and 12 cm, and is preferably 1 1 cm. An outside diameter of the stator January 1 is between 10 and 20 cm, especially between 13 and 18 cm, and is preferably 15 cm.
Bien entendu, la description qui précède a été donnée à titre d'exemple uniquement et ne limite pas le domaine de l'invention dont on ne sortirait pas en remplaçant les différents éléments par tous autres équivalents. Of course, the foregoing description has been given by way of example only and does not limit the scope of the invention which would not be overcome by replacing the different elements by any other equivalent.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Machine électrique tournante (10) comportant : 1. Rotating electrical machine (10) comprising:
- un carter (16),  a housing (16),
- un stator (1 1 ),  a stator (1 1),
- une pluralité de canaux (76) s'étendant entre ledit stator (1 1 ) et ledit carter (16) pour le passage d'un liquide de refroidissement,  a plurality of channels (76) extending between said stator (1 1) and said casing (16) for the passage of a cooling liquid,
caractérisée en ce que ledit carter (16) comporte une pluralité d'ouvertures (77) débouchant chacune par une de leurs extrémités à l'extérieur de ladite machine électrique tournante (10) et par une autre de leurs extrémités du côté desdits canaux (76).  characterized in that said housing (16) has a plurality of openings (77) each opening at one end thereof to the outside of said rotating electrical machine (10) and at another end thereof to the side of said channels (76). ).
2. Machine électrique tournante selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que ladite pluralité d'ouvertures (77) est répartie angulairement suivant un pourtour dudit carter (16). 2. A rotary electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said plurality of openings (77) is angularly distributed along a periphery of said housing (16).
3. Machine électrique tournante selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que ledit carter (16) comporte un décrochement (71 ), notamment périphérique, formant au moins une portion d'une chambre de distribution (70) du liquide de refroidissement lorsque ladite machine électrique tournante (10) est insérée dans un élément hôte (20). 3. rotary electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said housing (16) comprises a recess (71), in particular peripheral, forming at least a portion of a distribution chamber (70) of the coolant when said rotating electrical machine (10) is inserted into a host element (20).
4. Machine électrique tournante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu'une surface de la section des différentes ouvertures (77) varie en fonction d'une position angulaire desdites ouvertures (77), de sorte que ledit liquide de refroidissement circule dans chaque canal (76) avec sensiblement la même pression. Rotary electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a surface of the section of the different openings (77) varies according to an angular position of said openings (77), so that said coolant flows in each channel (76) with substantially the same pressure.
5. Machine électrique selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que sur une portion angulaire d'au moins 100 degrés, notamment de 180 degrés, lesdites ouvertures (77) présentent une section croissante. 5. Electrical machine according to claim 4, characterized in that on an angular portion of at least 100 degrees, in particular 180 degrees, said openings (77) have an increasing section.
6. Machine électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que ledit carter (16) comporte, notamment sur sa paroi externe, une gorge (78) destinée à recevoir un joint (75). 6. Electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said housing (16) comprises, in particular on its outer wall, a groove (78) for receiving a seal (75).
7. Ensemble caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une enveloppe (21 ) d'un élément hôte (20) et une machine électrique tournante (10) telle définie selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes insérée dans ladite enveloppe (21 ). 7. A set characterized in that it comprises an envelope (21) of a host element (20) and a rotating electrical machine (10) as defined in any one of the preceding claims inserted in said envelope (21).
8. Ensemble selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que ladite chambre de distribution (70) est délimitée par une partie d'une paroi interne de ladite enveloppe (21 ) et une partie d'une paroi externe dudit carter (16). 8. The assembly of claim 7, characterized in that said distribution chamber (70) is delimited by a portion of an inner wall of said casing (21) and a portion of an outer wall of said casing (16).
9. Ensemble selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que la machine électrique est selon la revendication 6 et en ce que l'ensemble comporte un joint (75), notamment torique, le joint étant par exemple disposé dans la gorge, pour assurer une fermeture de ladite chambre de distribution (70). 9. An assembly according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the electric machine is according to claim 6 and in that the assembly comprises a seal (75), in particular O-ring, the seal being for example arranged in the groove, for closing said dispensing chamber (70).
10. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que ledit carter (16) comporte une surface plane en appui contre une surface plane correspondante de ladite enveloppe (21 ) d'un élément hôte (20) pour assurer une étanchéité de ladite chambre de distribution (70). 10. An assembly according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that said housing (16) comprises a flat surface bearing against a corresponding flat surface of said envelope (21) of a host element (20) to ensure a sealing of said distribution chamber (70).
1 1 . Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que lesdites ouvertures (77) présentent chacune un axe s'étendant suivant un axe de rotation de la machine électrique tournante (10). 1 1. Assembly according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that said openings (77) each have an axis extending along an axis of rotation of the rotating electrical machine (10).
12. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 1 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'une direction d'injection d'huile est inclinée par rapport à un axe (X1 ) desdites ouvertures (77). 12. An assembly according to any one of claims 7 to 1 1, characterized in that an oil injection direction is inclined with respect to an axis (X1) of said openings (77).
13. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le liquide situé dans ladite chambre de distribution (70) est sous pression et circule à un débit compris entre 3 et 1 1 Litres/minute. 13. An assembly according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the liquid in said distribution chamber (70) is under pressure and flows at a rate between 3 and 1 1 Liters / minute.
PCT/FR2016/051726 2015-07-10 2016-07-07 Rotary electric machine with optimized cooling WO2017009548A1 (en)

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JP2018500668A JP6900361B2 (en) 2015-07-10 2016-07-07 Electric rotating machine for optimum cooling
EP16745797.7A EP3320603A1 (en) 2015-07-10 2016-07-07 Rotary electric machine with optimized cooling
CN201680051736.9A CN107949978B (en) 2015-07-10 2016-07-07 Rotating electrical machine with optimized cooling

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FR1556544 2015-07-10
FR1556544A FR3038795B1 (en) 2015-07-10 2015-07-10 ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE WITH OPTIMIZED COOLING

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JP5458343B2 (en) * 2007-11-14 2014-04-02 Ｓｍｃ株式会社 Servomotor
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JP5642821B2 (en) * 2013-02-26 2014-12-17 ファナック株式会社 Cooling jacket having grooves for allowing refrigerant to pass through, stator provided with cooling jacket, and rotating electrical machine provided with cooling jacket

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US20110084561A1 (en) * 2009-10-09 2011-04-14 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Oil cooled motor/generator for an automotive powertrain

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EP3320603A1 (en) 2018-05-16
FR3038795B1 (en) 2018-06-29
FR3038795A1 (en) 2017-01-13
JP6900361B2 (en) 2021-07-07
CN107949978B (en) 2021-07-27
JP2018520629A (en) 2018-07-26

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