WO2016206401A1 - 一种煤质特性在线检测装置 - Google Patents

一种煤质特性在线检测装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016206401A1
WO2016206401A1 PCT/CN2016/075287 CN2016075287W WO2016206401A1 WO 2016206401 A1 WO2016206401 A1 WO 2016206401A1 CN 2016075287 W CN2016075287 W CN 2016075287W WO 2016206401 A1 WO2016206401 A1 WO 2016206401A1
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WIPO (PCT)
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coal
cake
detecting device
powder
pulverized coal
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PCT/CN2016/075287
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭桦
李雄威
张志昊
李庚达
徐妍
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国电新能源技术研究院
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Publication of WO2016206401A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016206401A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an on-line detecting device for coal quality characteristics, belonging to the technical field of spectrum diagnosis and measurement.
  • LIBS Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
  • the transport of pulverized coal from the exit of the coal mill to the furnace is achieved by blowing a primary wind.
  • a gas-solid two-phase mixture of primary air and pulverized coal In order to measure the coal quality characteristics of the pulverized coal into the furnace, it is necessary to realize the detection of the pulverized coal particles in the gas-solid two-phase flow.
  • the solid particles in the gas-solid two-phase flow are generally detected by LIBS, or the solid particles are separated from the gas-solid two-phase flow and then stacked, and the scraper is used. The surface is flattened and tested.
  • the former method is unstable due to the pulsation of solid particles in the gas-solid two-phase flow, and the accuracy and accuracy of the LIBS measurement are poor.
  • the latter method is not flat enough due to the measurement surface of the stacked particles. And when the laser hits the surface of the stacked particles, it will cause the particles to splash, which also leads to poor accuracy and accuracy of the LIBS measurement.
  • the above method is not conducive to the accurate and reliable coal quality measurement of the LIBS coal quality on-line detection device.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing LIBS coal quality on-line detection technology, and to provide an on-line detection device for coal quality characteristics, which utilizes laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technology to perform on-line detection of coal quality characteristics of low rank coal.
  • the device provided by the invention comprises a coal powder sampling subsystem and a coal powder cake Subsystem and spectral acquisition analysis subsystem.
  • the pulverized coal sampling subsystem is used to obtain pulverized coal from the pneumatic powder pipe between the coal mill outlet and the burner inlet.
  • the pulverized coal cake cake system uses a single-punch powder cake pressing machine or a multi-punch powder cake pressing machine to press the extracted coal powder into a coal cake.
  • the spectral acquisition and analysis subsystem uses laser induced breakdown spectroscopy to detect the coal quality characteristics of coal cake online.
  • the invention can directly and accurately obtain the coal quality characteristics of the low-rank coal into the furnace by pressing the low-order coal powder extracted from the air powder pipeline into a flat surface pressing cake.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
  • An on-line detection device for coal quality characteristics including a coal powder sampling subsystem, a coal powder cake system, and a spectrum acquisition and analysis subsystem.
  • the coal quality characteristic comprises one of the following indexes or a combination of any two or more of the following: calorific value, Ash content, volatile content, moisture content, carbon content and sulfur content, wherein the range of calorific value is that the high-temperature calorific value of the constant-humidity ash-free group is less than 24 MJ/kg, and the range of the volatile matter content is the empty-volume volatile matter content of 0- 50%, the ash content ranges from 0 to 40% of the air-based ash content, the moisture content ranges from 0 to 50%, and the carbon content ranges from 40 to 90%.
  • the range of sulfur content is from 0 to 10% of the air-based sulfur content.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the wind powder mixture satisfies one of the following indexes or a combination of any two or more of the following indexes in the pipeline:
  • the flow rate is 10 to 50 m/s
  • the temperature is 50 to 300 ° C
  • the humidity is 0 to 75%
  • the pulverized coal concentration is 5 to 2000 g/m 3 .
  • the pulverized coal sampling subsystem sampled by vacuum suction includes a sampling tube, a pulverized coal conveying pipe, and compressed air.
  • a tank, a cyclone separator one end of the sampling tube penetrates into an opening in the air powder pipe between the exit of the coal mill and the inlet of the burner, and the other end of the sampling pipe is connected with the pulverized coal conveying pipe, and a branch of the pulverized coal conveying pipe
  • the inlet of the cyclone separator is connected, and the other branch of the pulverized coal conveying pipe is connected to the compressed air tank.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein the pulverized coal sampling subsystem sampled by the negative pressure suction function further comprises an exhaust gas discharge pipe, one end of the exhaust gas discharge pipe It is connected to the gas separation port of the cyclone separator, and the other end of the exhaust gas discharge pipe penetrates into another opening on the air powder pipe.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the pulverized coal sampling subsystem sampled by the flow of wind powder comprises a sampling tube with an elbow and a pulverized coal conveying pipe Cyclone separator, one end of the sampling tube with elbow is located in the air powder pipe between the exit of the coal mill and the inlet of the burner, the other end is connected with one end of the pulverized coal conveying pipe, and the other end of the pulverized coal conveying pipe is separated from the cyclone The entrance of the device is connected.
  • the pulverized coal sampling subsystem sampled by the flow of wind powder further comprises a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, a belt, Driving the motor, the first rotating shaft is installed at the junction of the sampling pipe with the elbow and the pulverized coal conveying pipe, so that the sampling pipe with the elbow can rotate relative to the pulverized coal conveying pipe, and the driving motor is a motor with positive and negative rotation, driving The rotating shaft of the motor is connected with the second rotating shaft, and the two ends of the belt are respectively connected with the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft to form a belt transmission mechanism, and the sampling tube with the elbow can be rotated forward and backward by the driving motor.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (16), wherein the pulverized coal sampling subsystem sampled by the flow of wind powder further comprises an exhaust gas discharge pipe, one end of the exhaust gas discharge pipe and The gas separation port of the cyclone separator is connected, and the other end of the exhaust gas discharge pipe penetrates into another opening in the air powder pipe.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (18), wherein the pulverized coal sampling subsystem sampled by the robot comprises a sampling box, an inlet sealing valve, an outlet sealing valve, and pulverized coal conveying.
  • the pipe, the imported sealing valve is installed on the air powder pipe, the pulverized coal conveying pipe is connected with the air powder pipe, and the outlet sealing valve is installed at the connection of the pulverized coal conveying pipe and the air powder pipe.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (19), wherein the pulverized coal sampling subsystem sampled by the robot further comprises a reciprocating motion driving motor, a screw rod, a rotary driving motor, and a reciprocating
  • the motion driving motor is a motor with positive and negative rotation
  • the rotating shaft of the reciprocating driving motor is connected with the screw rod
  • the rotating driving motor and the sampling box are arranged on the screw rod
  • the screw rod is configured with the screw rod to rotate the shaft of the driving motor.
  • the sampling box Connected to the sampling box, the sampling box can be rotated by the screw shaft by rotating the driving motor.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (22), wherein the physical characteristics of the coal cake satisfy one of the following indexes or a combination of any two or more of the following:
  • the surface shape is one of a shape such as a circle, an ellipse, a multi-deformation or the like, or a combination of any two or more of them, the upper surface area is 0 to 100 cm 2 , the thickness is 0 to 30 mm, and the surface flatness deviation is less than 100 ⁇ m.
  • the roughness is less than 20 ⁇ m.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (23), wherein the pulverized coal cake system using the single-punch powder cake method comprises a first pressurizing mechanism, The second pressurizing mechanism, the pressing cake punch, the cavity, the row cake punch, the first pressing mechanism and the second pressing mechanism are one or two of the transmission modes of mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission and pneumatic transmission. A combination of two or more transmission modes.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (24), wherein the pulverized coal cake system using the single-punch powder cake method further comprises a rotating platform and a rotary driving motor
  • the rotating platform rotating shaft, the fixed platform, the rotating shaft of the rotating driving motor are connected to the rotating platform rotating shaft, the rotating platform rotating shaft is connected with the rotating platform, the rotating platform is placed on the fixed platform, the rotating shaft of the rotating driving motor is connected with the rotating platform rotating shaft, and the rotating platform can be rotated platform
  • the rotating shaft rotates on the fixed platform, and the cavity can pass through the laser test area and the coal cake recovery hole in turn.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (26), wherein the pulverized coal cake system using the multi-punch powder cake method comprises a first pressurizing mechanism, The two pressurizing mechanisms, the upper punching, the cavity, and the lower punching, the driving mode of the first pressing mechanism and the second pressing mechanism are one or any combination of mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission and pneumatic transmission.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (27), wherein the pulverized coal cake system using the multi-punch powder cake method further comprises a coal cake test bench and coal
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (28), wherein the pulverized coal cake system using the multi-punch powder cake method further comprises a coal cake recovery hole and coal The cake recycling bin, the coal cake recovery hole is located on the coal cake test bench, and the coal cake recovery bin is located directly below the coal cake recovery hole.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (29), wherein the pulverized coal cake system using the multi-punch powder cake method further comprises a feeding drive motor and a screw Rotating drive motor, pulverized coal storage bin, the feeding drive motor is a motor with positive and negative rotation, the rotating shaft of the feeding driving motor is connected with the screw rod, the rotating driving motor and the pulverized coal storage bin are arranged on the screw rod, and the screw rod
  • the screw drive mechanism is formed, and the rotating shaft of the rotary drive motor is connected with the coal powder storage bin, and the powder storage bin can be rotated by the screw shaft by the rotary drive motor.
  • the spectral acquisition and analysis subsystem comprises a laser, a focusing lens, a spectrometer, a fiber optic probe, an optical fiber, a computer, and a laser and a computer are connected.
  • the fiber optic probe is connected to one end of the fiber, the other end of the fiber is connected to the spectrometer, and the spectrometer is connected to the computer.
  • the on-line detecting device for coal quality according to any one of (1) to (33), wherein the laser emitted by the laser is a pulsed laser, the pulse width of the laser is 1 to 10 ns, and the wavelength of the laser is 266 nm, 532 nm. Or 1064nm, the laser emits at a frequency of 1 to 20 Hz.
  • the coal quality on-line detecting device firstly uses the coal powder sampling subsystem to obtain coal powder from the air powder pipeline installed between the coal mill exit of the coal-fired generating set and the burner inlet, and then utilizes coal.
  • the powder cake system compresses the coal powder into the coal cake specified in the measurement requirements, and then uses the spectrum detection system to detect the coal quality characteristics of the coal cake.
  • the influence of the surface irregularity of the pulverized coal on the measurement is eliminated, which is beneficial to the accurate and reliable on-line detection of the coal quality characteristics of the whole device in the field environment, thereby facilitating the combustion efficiency and reduction of the coal-fired generating unit. Emissions.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
  • the coal powder sampling subsystem and the coal powder pressing cake subsystem have simple structure and no complicated mechanical transmission device, which is beneficial to improve the long-term stable operation of the LIBS coal quality online detection system in the field;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of an on-line detecting device for coal quality according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2a is a schematic view of an on-line detecting device for coal quality characteristics which is matched with a single-press powder cake pressing method by vacuum suction sampling.
  • Fig. 2b is a schematic view of an on-line detecting device for coal quality characteristics which is matched with a single-pulverized powder cake pressing method by using a flow of wind powder.
  • Fig. 2c is a schematic view of an on-line detecting device for coal quality characteristics by using a robot sampling and a single-punch powder cake pressing method.
  • Fig. 2d is a schematic view of an on-line detecting device for coal quality characteristics using a vacuum suction sampling and a multi-punch powder cake method.
  • Fig. 2e is a schematic view of an on-line detecting device for coal quality characteristics which is matched with the multi-punch powder cake pressing method by using the air flow effect sampling.
  • Fig. 2f is a schematic view of an on-line detecting device for coal quality characteristics which is matched with a multi-punch powder cake pressing method by robot sampling.
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a rotating platform of a pulverized coal press cake system utilizing a single-punch powder compact cake method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a coal cake test bench in a pulverized coal cake system utilizing a multi-punch powder compact cake method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is an explanatory view showing the irregularity of the shape of the pulverized coal particles defined by the present invention.
  • 1 air powder pipeline; 100 - coal powder sampling subsystem; 101 - sampling tube; 102 - valve; 103 - coal powder conveying pipe; 104 - compressed air tank; 105 - cyclone separator; 106 - exhaust gas discharge pipe 107—sampling pipe with elbow; 108—first rotating shaft; 109—second rotating shaft; 110—belt; 111—drive motor; 112—pulverized coal conveying pipe; 113—reciprocating motion driving motor; 114—screw; 115—rotation drive motor; 116—sampling box; 117—inlet sealing valve; 118—outlet sealing valve; 119—pulverized coal conveying pipe; 200—pulverized powder pressing cake subsystem; 201—feeding drive motor; 202—screw rod; - Rotating drive motor; 204 - pulverized coal storage bin; 205 - first pressurizing mechanism; 206 - second pressurizing mechanism; 207 - pressing cake punch; 208 - cavity;
  • a coal quality on-line detecting device includes a coal powder sampling subsystem 100, a coal powder cake system 200, and a spectrum acquisition and analysis subsystem 300.
  • the pulverized coal sampling subsystem 100 is realized by using one of the following methods or a combination of any two or more of the following methods from a vertical pneumatic powder pipe 1 installed between the coal mill exit and the burner inlet of the coal-fired generating set Acquired low rank coal pulverized coal:
  • the pulverized coal sampling subsystem sampled by vacuum suction includes a sampling tube 101, a valve 102, a pulverized coal delivery tube 103, a compressed air tank 104, a cyclone 105, and an exhaust gas discharge tube 106.
  • the outer diameter of the sampling tube 101 is 10 to 50 mm, and one end of the sampling tube 101 penetrates into an opening in the air powder pipe 1 between the outlet of the coal mill and the inlet of the burner, and the other end of the sampling tube 101 and the pulverized coal conveying pipe 103 Connected, one branch of the pulverized coal conveying pipe 103 is connected to the inlet of the cyclone separator 105, and the other branch of the pulverized coal conveying pipe 105 is connected to the compressed air tank 104.
  • the air pressure in the compressed air tank 104 is 0.3 to 1 MPa, and the exhaust gas is discharged.
  • the outer diameter of the pipe 106 is 10 to 50 mm
  • the gas separation port of the cyclone separator 105 is connected to one end of the exhaust gas discharge pipe 106, and the other end of the exhaust gas discharge pipe 106 is inserted into the other opening of the air powder pipe 1, and the sampling pipe 101
  • a valve 102 is mounted on both the pulverized coal delivery pipe 103 and the exhaust gas discharge pipe 106.
  • the pulverized coal sampling subsystem sampled by the flow of wind powder includes a sampling tube 107 with an elbow, a first rotating shaft 108, a second rotating shaft 109, a belt 110, a driving motor 111, and pulverized coal conveying.
  • the tube 112, the valve 102, the cyclone separator 105, the exhaust gas discharge pipe 106, the elbow-shaped sampling tube 107 have an outer diameter of 10 to 50 mm, and the elbow-shaped sampling tube has a 90° elbow at one end with a 90° elbow.
  • One end of the sampling tube 107 with the elbow is connected to one end of the pulverized coal conveying pipe 112 through the first rotating shaft 109, and the pulverized coal conveying pipe 112 is connected to one end of the pulverized coal conveying pipe 112.
  • the other end of the cyclone separator 105 is connected to the inlet of the cyclone separator 105.
  • the outer diameter of the exhaust gas discharge pipe 106 is 10 to 50 mm, the gas separation port of the cyclone separator 105 is connected to one end of the exhaust gas discharge pipe 106, and the other end of the exhaust gas discharge pipe 106 is inserted into the wind.
  • a valve 102 is mounted on the pulverized coal conveying pipe 112 and the exhaust gas discharge pipe 106.
  • the driving motor 111 is a motor having a positive and negative rotation, and the rotating shaft of the driving motor 111 is connected to the second rotating shaft 109.
  • the two ends of the belt 110 are respectively connected to the first rotating shaft 108
  • a second rotary shaft 109, constituting the belt drive mechanism, driven by the driving motor 111, sampling tube 107 can bend forward and reverse belt.
  • the pulverized coal sampling subsystem sampled by the robot includes a reciprocating drive motor 113, a lead screw 114, a rotary drive motor 115, a sampling box 116, an inlet sealing valve 117, an outlet sealing valve 118, and pulverized coal.
  • the conveying pipe 119, the reciprocating driving motor 113 is a motor having a forward and reverse rotation
  • the rotating shaft connecting the screw 114 of the reciprocating driving motor 113, the rotation driving motor 115 and the sampling box 116 are disposed on the screw 114
  • the screw 114 constitutes a screw drive mechanism
  • the sampling box 116 is rotatable about the screw 114 by the rotary drive motor 115.
  • the pulverized coal press cake system 200 presses the pulverized coal into a coal cake by one of the following methods or a combination of the following two methods:
  • the pulverized coal cake system using a single-punch powder press cake machine includes a feed drive motor 201, a lead screw 202, a rotary drive motor 203, a pulverized coal storage bin 204, and a first pressurization.
  • the inner diameter of the cavity, the feeding drive motor 201 is a motor having a positive and negative rotation, the rotating shaft connecting the screw 202 of the feeding driving motor 201, the rotating driving motor 203 and the pulverized coal storage bin 204 are disposed on the screw 202, and the screw 202
  • the screw storage mechanism 204 is configured to be rotatable about the screw shaft 202 by the rotation driving motor 203.
  • the rotating shaft of the rotary driving motor 211 is coupled to the rotating platform rotating shaft 212.
  • the rotating platform 210 can be rotated by the rotary driving motor 211.
  • the platform shaft 211 is an axis at Given platform 213 is rotated, the rotation of rotating platform 210, the cavity 208 can be tested sequentially passes through the upper region 228 and laser briquettes recovery holes 214, 210 in a plan view of the rotating platform as shown in Figure 3.
  • the pulverized coal press cake system using the multi-punch powder press cake machine includes a feed drive motor 201, a screw rod 202, a rotary drive motor 203, a pulverized coal storage bin 204, and a first pressurization.
  • Mechanism 216 second pressurizing mechanism 217, upper punch 218, cavity 219, undershoot 220, coal cake test 221, coal cake push baffle 222, coal cake push arm 223, coal cake push shaft 224, coal cake
  • the feeding drive motor 201 is a motor having a positive and negative rotation
  • the rotating shaft of the feeding driving motor 201 is connected with the screw 202
  • the rotating driving motor 203 and the pulverized coal storage bin 204 are provided.
  • the powder storage chamber 204 can be rotated by the rotary drive motor 203 with the screw rod 202 as an axis, and the rotating shaft of the coal cake push drive motor 225 is connected with the coal cake push shaft 224.
  • One end of the coal cake pushing arm 223 is connected to the push shaft 224, and the coal The other end of the push arm 223 is connected to the coal cake pushing baffle 222.
  • the coal cake pushing baffle 222 has a semicircular arc shape, the inner diameter of which is the same as the inner diameter of the cavity of the cavity 219, and the coal cake pushing baffle 222 can be pushed in the coal cake.
  • the spectral acquisition analysis subsystem includes a laser 301, a focusing lens 302, a spectrometer 303, a fiber optic probe 304, an optical fiber 305, a computer 306, a laser 301, and a computer 306.
  • the fiber optic probe 304 is connected to one end of the optical fiber 305, the other end of the optical fiber 305 is connected to the spectrometer 303, and the spectrometer 303 is connected to the computer 306.
  • the two points on the surface of the pulverized coal particles are A and B.
  • the two points on the surface of the pulverized coal particles are the largest and the two points are perpendicular to the line connecting the two points of the AB.
  • D the shape irregularity of the pulverized coal particles is the ratio of the distance between the two points of AB and the distance between the two points of the CD.
  • the pulverized coal sampling subsystem 100 first uses the compressed air supplied from the compressed air tank 104 to form a negative pressure in the sampling tube 101, or uses a belt transmission mechanism to rotate the elbowed sampling tube 107 to the direction of the wind powder flow, so that the belt bends
  • the sampling tube 107 of the head constitutes a bypass for the circulation of the air powder, or the sampling box 116 is sent into the air powder pipe 1 by the screw drive mechanism to take out the powder, and the coal powder is taken out from the air powder pipe, and then taken out by the screw drive mechanism.
  • the pulverized coal is sent into the cavity, and the pulverized coal is pressed into a coal cake by a single-punching or multi-punching powder tableting method at a pressure of 20 to 30 tons, and then the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique is applied to the coal cake. On-line testing of coal quality characteristics.
  • the single-pulverized pulverized coal cake method when the extracted coal powder enters the pulverized coal storage bin 204, the feeding drive motor 201 is opened, and the pulverized coal storage bin 204 is subjected to the action of the screw rod 202 connected by the feeding drive motor 201.
  • the rotary drive motor 203 Moving in the direction of the cavity 208, and finally moving above the cavity 208, the rotary drive motor 203 is opened, and the pulverized coal storage bin 204 is rotated by the rotary drive motor 203 with the screw 202 as an axis, so that the coal in the pulverized coal storage bin 204
  • the powder enters the cavity 208, at which time the first pressing mechanism 205 is opened, the pressing cake punch 207 is pressed down, the feeding drive motor 201 is turned, the pulverized coal storage bin 204 is moved in the opposite direction to the original direction, and the pressing cake punch 207 is moved.
  • the pulverized coal in the cavity 208 is pressed into a coal cake by the pressing cake punch 207, and then the pressing cake punch 207 is moved upward to the outside of the cavity 208.
  • the rotary driving motor 211 is opened, and the rotating platform is rotated.
  • 210 is rotated by the rotary drive motor 211 with the rotating platform rotating shaft 212 as an axis, and the cavity 208 is rotated together with the coal cake to the laser testing area 228, and the coal quality characteristics of the coal cake are detected by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.
  • the rotating platform 210 rotates the cavity 208 together with the coal cake to the coal cake recovery hole 214.
  • the second pressing mechanism 206 is opened, and the row cake punch 209 is pressed down, when the row cake punch 209 is moved to a predetermined distance.
  • the coal cake is separated from the cavity 208, and is dropped into the coal cake recovery bin 215 by the coal cake recovery hole 214 to complete a pressing cake process.
  • the feeding drive motor 201 is opened, and the pulverized coal storage bin 204 is subjected to the action of the screw rod 202 connected by the feeding drive motor 201.
  • the rotary driving motor 203 is opened, and the pulverized coal storage bin 204 is rotated by the rotary drive motor 203 with the screw 202 as an axis.
  • the pulverized coal in the pulverized coal storage bin 204 is caused to enter the cavity 219.
  • the first pressurizing mechanism 216 and the second pressurizing mechanism 217 are opened, the upper punch 218 is pressed, the lower punch 220 is moved upward, and the feeding drive motor 201 is changed.
  • the coal powder storage bin 204 moves in the opposite direction to the original direction.
  • the upper punch 218 moves to a predetermined distance, the coal powder in the cavity 219 is pressed into a coal cake under the action of the upper punch 218 and the lower punch 220, and then the upper punch 218 Moving upwards, the lower punch 220 moves up and sends the coal cake out of the cavity 219.
  • the coal cake pushing drive motor 225 is opened, and the coal cake pushing baffle 222 pushes the coal cake to the laser under the action of the coal cake pushing driving motor 225.
  • the coal quality characteristics of the coal cake are detected by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.
  • the coal cake pushing baffle 222 pushes the coal cake to the coal cake recovery hole 226, and the coal cake is dropped from the coal cake recovery hole 226.
  • the coal cake recovery bin 227 complete a press cake process.
  • the above-mentioned laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique is used to detect the coal quality characteristics of the coal cake.
  • the pulsed laser light emitted by the laser 301 is focused by the focusing lens 302 and hit on the surface of the coal cake to form a plasma above the surface of the coal cake.
  • the optical fiber probe 304 collects the plasma emission spectrum, and the collected optical signal is transmitted to the spectrometer 303 through the optical fiber 305 to realize the collection of the spectral data, and the collected data is transmitted to the computer 306 for analysis and processing, according to the coal in the computer 306.
  • the quantitative analysis model of the qualitative characteristics can obtain the coal quality characteristics of low rank coal.
  • first”, “second” or similar words do not mean any order, quality or importance, but are used to distinguish different technical features.
  • the qualifier "about” used in connection with a quantity encompasses the meaning specified by the value and the context. (For example: it contains errors when measuring a specific number).

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Abstract

一种煤质特性在线检测装置，包括煤粉取样子系统（100）、煤粉压饼子系统（200）和光谱采集分析子系统（300）。该煤质特性在线检测装置首先利用煤粉取样子系统（100）从安装在燃煤发电机组磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的风粉管道（1）内取得低阶煤煤粉，然后利用煤粉压饼子系统（200）将煤粉压制成测量要求规定的煤饼，再利用光谱检测分析子系统（300）对煤饼煤质特性进行检测；该装置通过对煤粉进行压饼，消除了煤粉表面不平整对测量的影响，有利于整个装置在现场环境中实现准确可靠的煤质特性在线检测，从而有利于燃煤发电机组提高燃烧效率和降低污染物排放。

Description

一种煤质特性在线检测装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种煤质特性在线检测装置，属于光谱诊断和测量技术领域。
背景技术
近些年来，随着国家对火电机组节能减排要求的不断提高，如何实现电站锅炉更高效、环保和安全地运行，已经成为燃煤电厂最为关心的问题。然而，由于我国煤种多变，煤质特性复杂多样，电厂锅炉燃用煤种的煤质变化幅度较大。而我国电厂仍然采用传统的人工采样、制样和实验室离线分析的方法进行煤质检测。这种方法由于不能及时获取入炉煤的煤质特性，锅炉运行人员无法在锅炉燃用煤种的煤质发生变化时有效优化调整锅炉的运行状态。因此，研制开发入炉煤的煤质在线检测装置，能够为实时优化调整锅炉燃烧过程提供关键依据，对于实现燃煤锅炉的高效、低污染和安全运行具有十分重要的意义。
激光诱导击穿光谱技术(Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy，LIBS)由于具有检测速度快、便于现场分析、无核辐射危害和运行维护成本低等优点，在煤质在线检测上具有独特的优势和巨大的应用潜力。目前，随着煤炭资源供应的日益紧张和优质煤种的逐步耗尽，低阶煤已经成为燃煤电厂燃用的主要煤种之一。针对低阶煤的煤质特性，开发一种基于LIBS的入炉煤煤质在线检测装置，对于实时优化调整锅炉燃烧过程尤为重要。
煤粉从磨煤机出口到炉膛的输运是通过吹送一次风实现。在连接磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的风粉管道内是一次风和煤粉的气固两相混合物。为了测量入炉煤粉的煤质特性，需要实现对气固两相流中煤粉颗粒的检测。对于气固两相流中固体颗粒的LIBS在线检测，一般利用LIBS直接对气固两相流中固体颗粒进行检测，或者是将固体颗粒从气固两相流中分离后进行堆积，并用刮板将其表面刮平后进行检测。然而，前一种方法由于气固两相流动中固体颗粒的脉动，激光与固体颗粒作用过程不稳定，导致LIBS测量的精度和准确性较差；后一种方法由于堆积颗粒的测量表面不够平整，并且在激光击打堆积颗粒表面时会引起颗粒飞溅，也导致LIBS测量的精度和准确性较差。对于入炉煤煤粉的在线测量，采用上述方法都不利于LIBS煤质在线检测装置实现准确可靠的煤质测量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有的LIBS煤质在线检测技术存在的上述不足，提供了一种煤质特性在线检测装置，利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对低阶煤的煤质特性进行在线检测。本发明提供的装置包括煤粉取样子系统、煤粉压饼 子系统和光谱采集分析子系统。煤粉取样子系统用于从磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的风粉管道中取得煤粉，可以由三种技术方案实现：1)利用压缩空气箱提供的压缩空气在取样管中形成负压，将风粉管道中的风粉吸出，通过旋风分离器将取出的风粉进行气固分离得到煤粉；2)通过将带弯头的取样管旋转到正对风粉流动方向，使得带弯头的取样管构成风粉流通的旁路，风粉流出后经过旋风分离器的气固分离后得到煤粉；3)通过机械传动装置将取样盒推入风粉管道内取得煤粉后，再将取样盒从风粉管道推出，实现从风粉管道中取出煤粉。煤粉压饼子系统采用单冲式粉状物压饼机械或多冲式粉状物压饼机械将取出的煤粉压制成煤饼。光谱采集分析子系统利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对煤饼的煤质特性进行在线检测。本发明通过将风粉管道中抽取的低阶煤煤粉在线压制成表面平整的压饼，有利于LIBS煤质在线检测装置快速而准确地获取入炉低阶煤的煤质特性。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采取如下的技术方案。
(1)一种煤质特性在线检测装置，包括煤粉取样子系统、煤粉压饼子系统和光谱采集分析子系统。
(2)根据(1)所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述的煤粉取样子系统采用下列方法之一或下列任意两种或两种以上方法的组合进行取样：
a.利用负压抽吸作用取样；
b.利用风粉流动作用取样；
c.利用机械手取样。
(3)根据(1)或(2)所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述取样为从安装在燃煤发电机组磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的垂直或水平的风粉管道内的合适位置处的风粉混合物中取得低阶煤的煤粉。
(4)根据(1)-(3)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的垂直的风粉管道内的合适位置处距离磨煤机出口大于300mm，并且距离风粉管道弯头与垂直风粉管道的连接处大于300mm。
(5)根据(1)-(4)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的水平的风粉管道内的合适位置处距离燃烧器入口大于300mm，并且距离风粉管道弯头与水平风粉管道的连接处大于300mm。
(6)根据(1)-(5)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的风粉管道的内径为100～1000mm。
(7)根据(1)-(6)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述低阶煤的恒湿无灰基高位热值小于24MJ/kg。
(8)根据(1)-(7)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述煤质特性包括下列指标之一或下列任意两个或两个以上指标的组合：热值、灰分含量、挥发分含量、水分含量、碳含量和硫含量，其中热值的范围是恒湿无灰基高位热值小于24MJ/kg，挥发分含量的范围是空干基挥发分含量为0～50％，灰分含量的范围是空干基灰分含量为0～40％，水分含量的范围是空干基水分含量为0～50％，碳含量的范围是空干基碳含量为40～90％，硫含量的范围是空干基硫含量为0～10％。
(9)根据(1)-(8)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述风粉混合物在管道中满足下列指标之一或下列任意两个或两个以上指标的组合：流速为10～50m/s，温度为50～300℃，湿度为0～75％，煤粉浓度为5～2000g/m3。
(10)根据(1)-(9)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述煤粉的物理特征满足下列指标之一或下列任意两个或两个以上指标的组合：筛分平均粒径为0～1000μm，形状不规则度为1:1到10000:1，堆积密度为0.4～0.9t/m3，设煤粉颗粒表面上相距最大的两点分别为A和B，设煤粉颗粒表面上相距最大且满足两点连线与AB两点连线相垂直的两点分别为C和D，则形状不规则度为AB两点距离与CD两点距离之比。
(11)根据(1)-(10)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用负压抽吸作用取样的煤粉取样子系统包括取样管、煤粉输送管、压缩空气箱、旋风分离器，取样管一端穿入磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的风粉管道上的一个开口中，取样管另一端与煤粉输送管相连，煤粉输送管的一个分支与旋风分离器的入口连接，煤粉输送管的另一个分支与压缩空气箱连接。
(12)根据(1)-(11)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用负压抽吸作用取样的煤粉取样子系统还包括废气排出管，废气排出管的一端与旋风分离器的气体分离口连接，废气排出管的另一端穿入风粉管道上的另一个开口中。
(13)根据(1)-(12)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，在取样管、煤粉输送管和废气排出管上分别安装有阀门。
(14)根据(1)-(13)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用风粉流动作用取样的煤粉取样子系统包括带弯头的取样管、煤粉输送管、旋风分离器，带弯头的取样管一端位于磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的风粉管道内，另一端与煤粉输送管的一端连接，煤粉输送管的另一端与旋风分离器的入口连接。
(15)根据(1)-(14)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述弯头为90°弯头。
(16)根据(1)-(15)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用风粉流动作用取样的煤粉取样子系统还包括第一转轴、第二转轴、皮带、驱动电机，第一转轴安装在带弯头的取样管与煤粉输送管的连接处，使带弯头的取样管能够相对于煤粉输送管旋转，驱动电机为具有正反转的电机，驱动电机的转轴与第二转轴连接，皮带的两端分别连接第一转轴和第二转轴，构成皮带传动机构，在驱动电机的带动下，带弯头的取样管能够进行正反转动。
(17)根据(1)-(16)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用风粉流动作用取样的煤粉取样子系统还包括废气排出管，废气排出管的一端与旋风分离器的气体分离口连接，废气排出管的另一端穿入风粉管道上的另一个开口中。
(18)根据(1)-(17)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，在煤粉输送管和废气排出管上分别安装有阀门。
(19)根据(1)-(18)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用机械手取样的煤粉取样子系统包括取样盒、进口密封阀门、出口密封阀门、煤粉输送管，进口密封阀门安装在风粉管道上，煤粉输送管与风粉管道连接，出口密封阀门安装在煤粉输送管与风粉管道的连接处。
(20)根据(1)-(19)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用机械手取样的煤粉取样子系统还包括往返运动驱动电机、丝杆、转动驱动电机，往返运动驱动电机为具有正反转的电机，往返运动驱动电机的转轴连接丝杆，转动驱动电机和取样盒设在丝杆上，并与所述丝杆构成丝杆传动机构，转动驱动电机的转轴与取样盒连接，取样盒通过转动驱动电机能够以丝杆为轴线转动。
(21)根据(1)-(20)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述煤粉取样子系统的采样时间为0～5min。
(22)根据(1)-(21)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述煤粉压饼子系统采用下列方法之一或下列两种方法的组合将煤粉压制成煤饼：
a.单冲式粉状物压饼法；
b.多冲式粉状物压饼法。
(23)根据(1)-(22)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述煤饼的物理特征满足下列指标之一或下列任意两个或两个以上指标的组合：上表面形状为圆形、椭圆、多变形等形状之一或其中任意两种或两种以上形状的组合，上表面面积为0～100cm2，厚度为0～30mm，表面平整度偏差小于100μm，表面粗糙度小于20μm。
(24)根据(1)-(23)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用单冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统包括第一加压机构、第二加压机构、压饼冲头、型腔、排饼冲头，第一加压机构和第二加压机构的传动方式为机械传动、液压传动和气压传动等传动方式之一或其中任意两种或两种以上传动方式的组合。
(25)根据(1)-(24)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用单冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统还包括旋转平台、旋转驱动电机、旋转平台转轴、固定平台、旋转驱动电机的转轴连接旋转平台转轴，旋转平台转轴与旋转平台连接，旋转平台放置在固定平台上，旋转驱动电机的转轴连接旋转平台转轴，旋转平台能够以旋转平台转轴为轴线在固定平台上转动，型腔能够依次经过激光测试区域和煤饼回收孔上方。
(26)根据(1)-(25)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用单冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统还包括煤饼回收孔、煤饼回收仓，煤饼回收孔位于固定平台上，煤饼回收仓位于煤饼回收孔的正下方。
(27)根据(1)-(26)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用多冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统包括第一加压机构、第二加压机构、上冲、型腔、下冲，第一加压机构和第二加压机构的传动方式为机械传动、液压传动和气压传动中的一种或任意组合。
(28)根据(1)-(27)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用多冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统还包括煤饼测试台、煤饼推送挡板、煤饼推送转臂、煤饼推送转轴、煤饼推送驱动电机，煤饼推送驱动电机的转轴连接煤饼推送转轴，煤饼推送转臂的一端与煤饼推送转轴连接，煤饼推送转臂的另一端与煤饼推送挡板连接，煤饼推送挡板能够以煤饼推送转轴为中心在煤饼测试台的上表面进行圆周运动，在煤饼推送挡板的运动轨迹上，能够依次经过型腔上方、激光测试区域和煤饼回收孔上方。
(29)根据(1)-(28)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用多冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统还包括煤饼回收孔、煤饼回收仓，煤饼回收孔位于煤饼测试台上，煤饼回收仓位于煤饼回收孔的正下方。
(30)根据(1)-(29)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述利用多冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统还包括加料驱动电机、丝杆、转动驱动电机、煤粉储存仓，所述加料驱动电机为具有正反转的电机，加料驱动电机的转轴连接丝杆，转动驱动电机和煤粉储存仓设在丝杆上，并与丝杆构成丝杆传动机构，转动驱动电机的转轴与煤粉储存仓连接，粉储存仓通过转动驱动电机能够以丝杆为轴线转动。
(31)根据(1)-(30)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述煤粉压饼子系统的压饼时间为0～10min。
(32)根据(1)-(31)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述光谱采集分析子系统包括激光器、聚焦透镜、光谱仪、光纤探头、光纤、计算机，激光器与计算机连接，光纤探头与光纤的一端连接，光纤的另一端与光谱仪连接，光谱仪与计算机连接。
(33)根据(1)-(32)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述光谱采集分析子系统的单次测量的测量分析时间为0～10min。
(34)根据(1)-(33)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述激光器发射的激光为脉冲激光，激光的脉冲宽度为1～10ns，激光的波长为266nm、532nm或1064nm,激光的发射频率为1～20Hz。
(35)根据(1)-(34)任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，所述计算机中含有煤质特性的定量分析模型，将低阶煤的测量光谱数据代入该定量分析模型，能够得到低阶煤的煤质特性。
本发明提供的所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，首先利用煤粉取样子系统从安装在燃煤发电机组磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的风粉管道内取得煤粉，然后利用煤粉压饼子系统将煤粉压制成测量要求规定的煤饼，再利用光谱检测系统对煤饼煤质特性进行检测。通过对煤粉进行压饼，消除了煤粉表面不平整对测量的影响，有利于整个装置在现场环境中实现准确可靠的煤质特性在线检测，从而有利于燃煤发电机组提高燃烧效率和降低污染物排放。与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点及效果：
1.煤粉取样子系统和煤粉压饼子系统结构简单，无复杂的机械传动装置，有利于提高LIBS煤质在线检测系统在现场长期稳定的运行；
2.通过将煤粉压饼提高了LIBS测量表面的平整性，从而提高了LIBS煤质在线检测系统的测量精度和准确性，有利于LIBS煤质在线检测系统对于入炉低阶煤的煤质特性实现准确可靠的测量。
附图说明
图1为本发明的煤质特性在线检测装置的功能模块示意图。
图2a为利用负压抽吸作用取样与单冲式粉状物压饼法相配合的煤质特性在线检测装置的示意图。
图2b为利用风粉流动作用取样与单冲式粉状物压饼法相配合的煤质特性在线检测装置的示意图。
图2c为利用机械手取样与单冲式粉状物压饼法相配合的煤质特性在线检测装置的示意图。
图2d为利用负压抽吸作用取样与多冲式粉状物压饼法的煤质特性在线检测装置的示意图。
图2e为利用风粉流动作用取样与多冲式粉状物压饼法相配合的煤质特性在线检测装置的示意图。
图2f为利用机械手取样与多冲式粉状物压饼法相配合的煤质特性在线检测装置的示意图。
图3为本发明的利用单冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统中旋转平台的俯视图。
图4为本发明的利用多冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统中煤饼测试台的俯视图。
图5为本发明定义的煤粉颗粒形状不规则度的说明图。
图中：1—风粉管道；100—煤粉取样子系统；101—取样管；102—阀门；103—煤粉输送管；104—压缩空气箱；105—旋风分离器；106—废气排出管；107—带弯头的取样管；108—第一转轴；109—第二转轴；110—皮带；111—驱动电机；112—煤粉输送管；113—往返运动驱动电机；114—丝杆；115—转动驱动电机；116—取样盒；117—进口密封阀门；118—出口密封阀门；119—煤粉输送管；200—煤粉压饼子系统；201—加料驱动电机；202—丝杆；203—转动驱动电机；204—煤粉储存仓；205—第一加压机构；206—第二加压机构；207—压饼冲头；208—型腔；209—排饼冲头；210—旋转平台；211—旋转驱动电机；212—旋转平台转轴；213—固定平台；214—煤饼回收孔；215—煤粉回收仓；216—第一加压机构；217—第二加压机构；218—上冲；219—型腔；220—下冲；221—煤饼测试台；222—煤饼推送挡板；223—煤饼推送转臂；224—煤饼推送转轴；225—煤饼推送驱动电机；226—煤饼回收孔；227—煤粉回收仓；228—激光测量区域；300—光谱采集分析子系统；301—激光器；302—聚焦透镜；303—光谱仪；304—光纤探头；305—光纤；306—计算机。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
如附图1所示，一种煤质特性在线检测装置，包括煤粉取样子系统100、煤粉压饼子系统200和光谱采集分析子系统300。
煤粉取样子系统100是采用下列方法之一或下列任意两种或两种以上方法的组合实现从安装在燃煤发电机组磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的垂直的风粉管道1内取得低阶煤的煤粉：
a.利用负压抽吸作用取样；
b.利用风粉流动作用取样；
c.利用机械手取样。
如附图2a、2d所示，利用负压抽吸作用取样的煤粉取样子系统包括取样管101、阀门102、煤粉输送管103、压缩空气箱104、旋风分离器105、废气排出管106，取样管101外径为10～50mm，取样管101一端穿入磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的风粉管道1上的一个开孔中，取样管101另一端与煤粉输送管103相连，煤粉输送管103的一个分支与旋风分离器105的入口连接，煤粉输送管105的另一个分支与压缩空气箱104连接，压缩空气箱104中的空气压力为0.3～1MPa，废气排出管106外径为10～50mm，旋风分离器105的气体分离口与废气排出管106的一端连接，废气排出管106的另一端穿入风粉管道1上的另一个开孔中，取样管101、煤粉输送管103和废气排出管106上都安装有阀门102。
如附图2b、2e所示，利用风粉流动作用取样的煤粉取样子系统包括带弯头的取样管107、第一转轴108、第二转轴109、皮带110、驱动电机111、煤粉输送管112、阀门102、旋风分离器105、废气排出管106，带弯头的取样管107的外径为10～50mm，带弯头的取样管一端为90°弯头，带有90°弯头的一端位于磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的风粉管道1内，带弯头的取样管107的另一端通过第一转轴109与煤粉输送管112的一端连接，煤粉输送管112的另一端与旋风分离器105的入口连接，废气排出管106外径为10～50mm，旋风分离器105的气体分离口与废气排出管106的一端连接，废气排出管106的另一端穿入风粉管道1上的另一个开孔中，煤粉输送管112和废气排出管106上都安装有阀门102，驱动电机111为具有正反转的电机，驱动电机111的转轴与第二转轴109连接，皮带110的两端分别连接第一转轴108和第二转轴109，构成皮带传动机构，在驱动电机111的带动下，带弯头的取样管107能够正反转动。
如附图2c、2f所示，利用机械手取样的煤粉取样子系统包括往返运动驱动电机113、丝杆114、转动驱动电机115、取样盒116、进口密封阀门117、出口密封阀门118、煤粉输送管119，往返运动驱动电机113为具有正反转的电机，往返运动驱动电机113的转轴连接丝杆114，转动驱动电机115和取样盒116设在丝杆114上，并与所述丝杆114构成丝杆传动机构，取样盒116通过转动驱动电机115能够以丝杆114为轴线转动。
煤粉压饼子系统200采用下列方法之一或下列两种方法的组合将煤粉压制成煤饼：
a.单冲式粉状物压饼法；
b.多冲式粉状物压饼法。
如附图2a-2c所示，采用单冲式粉状物压饼机械的煤粉压饼子系统包括加料驱动电机201、丝杆202、转动驱动电机203、煤粉储存仓204、第一加压机构205、第二加压机构206、压饼冲头207、型腔208、排饼冲头209、旋转平台210、旋转驱动电机211、旋转平台转轴212、固定平台213、煤饼回收孔214、煤饼回收仓215，型腔208的空腔内径为20～60mm，空腔高度为10～30mm，煤饼回收孔214内径为30～100mm，且煤饼回收孔214内径大于型腔208的空腔内径，所述加料驱动电机201为具有正反转的电机，加料驱动电机201的转轴连接丝杆202，转动驱动电机203和煤粉储存仓204设在丝杆202上，并与丝杆202构成丝杆传动机构，粉储存仓204通过转动驱动电机203能够以丝杆202为轴线转动，旋转驱动电机211的转轴连接旋转平台转轴212，旋转平台210在旋转驱动电机211的作用下能够以旋转平台转轴211为轴线在固定平台213上转动，在旋转平台210的转动过程中，型腔208能够依次经过激光测试区域228和煤饼回收孔214上方，旋转平台210的俯视图如附图3所示。
如附图2d-2f所示，采用多冲式粉状物压饼机械的煤粉压饼子系统包括加料驱动电机201、丝杆202、转动驱动电机203、煤粉储存仓204、第一加压机构216、第二加压机构217、上冲218、型腔219、下冲220、煤饼测试台221、煤饼推送挡板222、煤饼推送转臂223、煤饼推送转轴224、煤饼推送驱动电机225、煤饼回收孔226、煤饼回收仓227，型腔219的空腔内径为20～60mm，空腔高度为10～30mm，煤饼回收孔226内径为30～100mm，且煤饼回收孔226内径大于型腔219的空腔内径，所述加料驱动电机201为具有正反转的电机，加料驱动电机201的转轴连接丝杆202，转动驱动电机203和煤粉储存仓204设在丝杆202上，并与丝杆202构成丝杆传动机构，粉储存仓204通过转动驱动电机203能够以丝杆202为轴线转动，煤饼推送驱动电机225的转轴连接煤饼推送转轴224，煤饼推送转臂223的一端与推送转轴224连接，煤饼推送转臂223的另一端与煤饼推送挡板222连接，煤饼推送挡板222为半圆弧形，其内径与型腔219的空腔内径相同，煤饼推送挡板222能够在煤饼推送驱动电机225的作用下以煤饼推送转轴224为中心在煤饼测试台221的上表面做圆周运动，在煤饼推送挡板222的运动轨迹上，能够依次经过型腔219上方、激光测试区域228和煤饼回收孔226上方，煤饼测试台221的俯视图如附图4所示。
如附图2a-2f所示，光谱采集分析子系统包括激光器301、聚焦透镜302、光谱仪303、光纤探头304、光纤305、计算机306，激光器301与计算机306 连接，光纤探头304与光纤305的一端连接，光纤305的另一端与光谱仪303连接，光谱仪303与计算机306连接。
上述的三种煤粉取样子系统100的实现方案和两种煤粉压饼子系统200的实现方案可以任意组合，从而可以得到六种不同的基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术的煤质特性在线检测装置的实现方案，如附图2a-2f所示。
如附图5所示，煤粉颗粒表面上相距最大的两点为A和B，煤粉颗粒表面上相距最大且满足两点连线与AB两点连线相垂直的两点分别为C和D，则该煤粉颗粒形状不规则度为AB两点距离与CD两点距离之比。
为了对本发明进一步了解，对本发明提供的装置的工作过程做如下说明：
煤粉取样子系统100首先利用压缩空气箱104提供的压缩空气在取样管101中形成负压，或者利用皮带传动机构将带弯头的取样管107旋转到正对风粉流动方向，使得带弯头的取样管107构成风粉流通的旁路，或者利用丝杆传动机构将取样盒116送入风粉管道1内取样，实现从风粉管道中取出煤粉，然后利用丝杆传动机构将取出的煤粉送入型腔中，通过单冲式或多冲式的粉末压片方法，以20～30吨的压力将煤粉压制成煤饼，再利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对煤饼的煤质特性进行在线检测。
如果采用上述的单冲式煤粉压饼方法，当取出的煤粉进入煤粉储存仓204后，加料驱动电机201开启，煤粉储存仓204受加料驱动电机201连接的丝杆202的作用向靠近型腔208方向运动，最终移动到型腔208上方，转动驱动电机203开启，煤粉储存仓204受转动驱动电机203的作用以丝杆202为轴线转动，使得煤粉储存仓204内的煤粉进入型腔208，此时第一加压机构205开启，压饼冲头207下压，加料驱动电机201变向，煤粉储存仓204向原方向的反方向运动，当压饼冲头207运动到预定距离后，型腔208内的煤粉在压饼冲头207的作用下压制成煤饼，然后压饼冲头207向上运动至型腔208外，此时旋转驱动电机211开启，旋转平台210在旋转驱动电机211的作用下以旋转平台转轴212为轴线转动，将型腔208连同煤饼旋转至激光测试区域228，利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对煤饼的煤质特性进行检测，检测完成后旋转平台210将型腔208连同煤饼旋转至煤饼回收孔214上方，此时第二加压机构206开启，排饼冲头209下压，当排饼冲头209运动到预定距离后，煤饼与型腔208分离，并由煤饼回收孔214落入煤饼回收仓215，完成一次压饼过程。
如果采用上述的多冲式煤粉压饼方法，当取出的煤粉进入煤粉储存仓204后，加料驱动电机201开启，煤粉储存仓204受加料驱动电机201连接的丝杆202的作用向靠近型腔219方向运动，最终移动到型腔219上方，转动驱动电机203开启，煤粉储存仓204受转动驱动电机203的作用以丝杆202为轴线转动， 使得煤粉储存仓204内的煤粉进入型腔219，此时第一加压机构216和第二加压机构217开启，上冲218下压，下冲220上移，加料驱动电机201变向，煤粉储存仓204向原方向的反方向运动，当上冲218运动到预定距离后，型腔219内的煤粉在上冲218和下冲220的作用下压制成煤饼，然后上冲218向上运动，下冲220上移将煤饼送至型腔219外，此时煤饼推送驱动电机225开启，煤饼推送挡板222在煤饼推送驱动电机225的作用下将煤饼推送至激光测试区域228，利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对煤饼的煤质特性进行检测，检测完成后煤饼推送挡板222将煤饼推送至煤饼回收孔226，煤饼由煤饼回收孔226落入煤饼回收仓227，完成一次压饼过程。
上述的利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对煤饼的煤质特性进行检测的工作过程为，激光器301发出的脉冲激光经过聚焦透镜302聚焦后击打在煤饼表面，在煤饼表面上方形成等离子体并发光，光纤探头304对等离子体发射光谱进行收集，收集到的光信号经过光纤305传输到光谱仪303中实现光谱数据的采集，将采集的数据传输到计算机306进行分析处理，根据计算机306中煤质特性的定量分析模型，能够得到低阶煤的煤质特性。
上述实施例并非具体实施方式的穷举，还可有其他的实施例，上述实施例目的在于说明本发明，而非限制本发明的保护范围，所有由本发明简单变化而来的应用均落在本发明的保护范围内。
此专利说明书使用实例去展示本发明，其中包括最佳模式，并且使熟悉本领域的技术人员制造和使用此项发明。此发明可授权的范围包括权利要求书的内容和说明书内的具体实施方式和其它实施例的内容。这些其它实例也应该属于本发明专利权要求的范围，只要它们含有权利要求相同书面语言所描述的技术特征，或者它们包含有与权利要求无实质差异的类似字面语言所描述的技术特征。
所有专利，专利申请和其它参考文献的全部内容应通过引用并入本申请文件。但是如果本申请中的一个术语和已纳入参考文献的术语相冲突，以本申请的术语优先。
本文中公开的所有范围都包括端点，并且端点之间是彼此独立地组合。
需要注意的是，“第一”，“第二”或者类似词汇并不表示任何顺序，质量或重要性，只是用来区分不同的技术特征。结合数量使用的修饰词“大约”包含所述值和内容上下文指定的含义。(例如：它包含有测量特定数量时的误差)。

Claims (33)

  1. 一种煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，包括煤粉取样子系统(100)、煤粉压饼子系统(200)和光谱采集分析子系统(300)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的煤粉取样子系统(100)采用下列方法之一或下列任意两种或两种以上方法的组合进行取样：
    a.利用负压抽吸作用取样；
    b.利用风粉流动作用取样；
    c.利用机械手取样。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的取样为从安装在燃煤发电机组磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的垂直或水平的风粉管道(1)内的合适位置处的风粉混合物中取得低阶煤的煤粉。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的垂直的风粉管道(1)内的合适位置处距离磨煤机出口大于300mm，并且距离风粉管道弯头与垂直风粉管道(1)的连接处大于300mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的水平的风粉管道(1)内的合适位置处距离燃烧器入口大于300mm，并且距离风粉管道弯头与水平风粉管道(1)的连接处大于300mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的风粉管道(1)的内径为100～1000mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的低阶煤的恒湿无灰基高位热值小于24MJ/kg。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的煤质特性包括下列指标之一或下列任意两个或两个以上指标的组合：热值、灰分含量、挥发分含量、水分含量、碳含量和硫含量，其中热值的范围是恒湿无灰基高位热值小于24MJ/kg，挥发分含量的范围是空干基挥发分含量为0～50％，灰分含量的范围是空干基灰分含量为0～40％，水分含量的范围是空干基水分含量为0～50％，碳含量的范围是空干基碳含量为40～90％，硫含量的范围是空干基硫含量为0～10％。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的风粉混合物在管道中满足下列指标之一或下列任意两个或两个以上指标的组合：流速为10～50m/s，温度为50～300℃，湿度为0～75％，煤粉浓度为5～2000g/m3。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的煤粉的物理特征满足下列指标之一或下列任意两个或两个以上指标的组合：筛分平均粒径为0～1000μm，形状不规则度为1:1到10000:1，堆积密度为0.4～0.9t/m3。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用负压抽吸作用取样的煤粉取样子系统(100)包括取样管(101)、煤粉输送管(103)、压 缩空气箱(104)、旋风分离器(105)，取样管(101)一端穿入磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的风粉管道(1)上的一个开口中，取样管(101)另一端与煤粉输送管(103)相连，煤粉输送管(103)的一个分支与旋风分离器(105)的入口连接，煤粉输送管(105)的另一个分支与压缩空气箱(104)连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用负压抽吸作用取样的煤粉取样子系统(100)，还包括废气排出管(106)，废气排出管(106)的一端与旋风分离器(105)的气体分离口连接，废气排出管(106)的另一端穿入风粉管道(1)上的另一个开口中。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，在取样管(101)、煤粉输送管(103)和废气排出管(106)上分别安装有阀门(102)。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用风粉流动作用取样的煤粉取样子系统(100)包括带弯头的取样管(107)、煤粉输送管(112)、旋风分离器(105)，带弯头的取样管(107)弯头一端位于磨煤机出口与燃烧器入口之间的风粉管道(1)内，另一端与煤粉输送管(112)的一端连接，煤粉输送管(112)的另一端与旋风分离器(105)的入口连接。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的弯头为90°弯头。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用风粉流动作用取样的煤粉取样子系统(100)还包括第一转轴(108)、第二转轴(109)、皮带(110)、驱动电机(111)，第一转轴(108)安装在带弯头的取样管(107)与煤粉输送管(112)的连接处，使带弯头的取样管(107)能够相对于煤粉输送管(112)旋转，驱动电机(111)为具有正反转的电机，驱动电机(111)的转轴与第二转轴(109)连接，皮带(110)的两端分别连接第一转轴(108)和第二转轴(109)，构成皮带传动机构。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用风粉流动作用取样的煤粉取样子系统(100)还包括废气排出管(106)，废气排出管(106)的一端与旋风分离器(105)的气体分离口连接，废气排出管(106)的另一端穿入风粉管道(1)上的另一个开口中。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，在煤粉输送管(112)和废气排出管(106)上分别安装有阀门(102)。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用机械手取样的煤粉取样子系统(100)包括取样盒(116)、进口密封阀门(117)、出口密封阀门(118)、煤粉输送管(119)，所述进口密封阀门(117)安装在风粉管道(1)上，所述煤粉输送管(119)与风粉管道(1)连接，出口密封阀门(118)安装在煤粉输送管(119)与风粉管道(1)的连接处。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用机械手取样的煤粉取样子系统(100)还包括往返运动驱动电机(113)、丝杆(114)、转动驱动电机(115)，往返运动驱动电机(113)为具有正反转的电机，往返运动驱动电机(113)的转轴连接丝杆(114)，转动驱动电机(115)和取样盒(116)设在丝杆(114)上，并与所述丝杆(114)构成丝杆传动机构，转动驱动电机(115)的转轴与取样盒(116)连接。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的煤粉取样子系统(100)的采样时间为0～5min。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的煤粉压饼子系统(200)是采用下列方法之一或下列两种方法的组合将煤粉压制成煤饼：
    a.单冲式粉状物压饼法；
    b.多冲式粉状物压饼法。
  23. 根据权利要求1-22任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的煤饼的物理特征满足下列指标之一或下列任意两个或两个以上指标的组合：上表面形状为圆形、椭圆、多边形之一或其中任意两种或两种以上形状的组合，上表面面积为0～100cm2，厚度为0～30mm，表面平整度偏差小于100μm，表面粗糙度小于20μm。
  24. 根据权利要求1-23任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用单冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统(200)包括第一加压机构(205)、第二加压机构(206)、压饼冲头(207)、型腔(208)、排饼冲头(209)，第一加压机构(205)和第二加压机构(206)的传动方式为机械传动、液压传动和气压传动中的一种或任意组合。
  25. 根据权利要求1-24任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用单冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统(200)还包括旋转平台(210)、旋转驱动电机(211)、旋转平台转轴(212)、固定平台(213)、旋转驱动电机(211)的转轴连接旋转平台转轴(212)，旋转平台转轴(212)与旋转平台(210)连接，旋转平台(210)放置在固定平台(213)上。
  26. 根据权利要求1-25任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用单冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统(200)还包括煤饼回收孔(214)、煤饼回收仓(215)，煤饼回收孔(214)位于固定平台(213)上，煤饼回收仓(215)位于煤饼回收孔(214)的正下方。
  27. 根据权利要求1-26任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用多冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统(200)包括第一加压机构(216)、第二加压机构(217)、上冲(218)、型腔(219)、下冲(220)，第一加压机构(216)和第二加压机构(217)的传动方式为机械传动、液压传动和气压传动等传动方式之一或其中任意两种或两种以上传动方式的组合。
  28. 根据权利要求1-27任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用多冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统(200)还包括煤饼测试台(221)、煤饼推送挡板(222)、煤饼推送转臂(223)、煤饼推送转轴(224)、煤饼推送驱动电机(225)，煤饼推送驱动电机(225)的转轴连接煤饼推送转轴(224)，煤饼推送转臂(223)的一端与煤饼推送转轴(224)连接，煤饼推送转臂(223)的另一端与煤饼推送挡板(222)连接。
  29. 根据权利要求1-29任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的利用多冲式粉状物压饼法的煤粉压饼子系统(200)还包括煤饼回收孔(226)、煤饼回收仓(227)，煤饼回收孔(226)位于煤饼测试台(221)上，煤饼回收仓(227)位于煤饼回收孔(226)的正下方。
  30. 根据权利要求1-29任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的煤粉压饼子系统(200)还包括加料驱动电机(201)、丝杆(202)、转动驱动电机(203)、煤粉储存仓(204)，所述加料驱动电机(201)为具有正反转的电机，加料驱动电机(201)的转轴连接丝杆(202)，转动驱动电机(203)和煤粉储存仓(204)设在丝杆(202)上，并与丝杆(202)构成丝杆传动机构，转动驱动电机(203)的转轴与煤粉储存仓(204)连接。
  31. 根据权利要求1-30任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的煤粉压饼子系统(200)的压饼时间为0～10min。
  32. 根据权利要求1-31任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的光谱采集分析子系统(300)包括激光器(301)、聚焦透镜(302)、光谱仪(303)、光纤探头(304)、光纤(305)、计算机(306)，激光器(301)与计算机(306)连接，光纤探头(304)与光纤(305)的一端连接，光纤(305)的另一端与光谱仪(303)连接，光谱仪(303)与计算机(306)连接。
  33. 根据权利要求1-32任一项所述的煤质特性在线检测装置，其特征在于，所述的光谱采集分析子系统(300)的单次测量的测量分析时间为0～10min；所述激光器(301)发射的激光为脉冲激光，激光的脉冲宽度为1～10ns，激光的波长为266nm、532nm或1064nm，激光的发射频率为1～20Hz；所述计算机(306)中含有煤质特性的定量分析模型，将低阶煤的测量光谱数据代入该定量分析模型，能够得到低阶煤的煤质特性。
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