WO2016204355A1

WO2016204355A1 - Apparatus for torrefaction of biomass and removal of foreign materials

Info

Publication number: WO2016204355A1
Application number: PCT/KR2015/011976
Authority: WO
Inventors: 채태영; 문태영; 최석천; 이재욱; 양원
Original assignee: 한국생산기술연구원
Priority date: 2015-06-15
Filing date: 2015-11-09
Publication date: 2016-12-22
Also published as: KR101701228B1; CN106488969A; KR20160147356A; CN106488969B

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for changing, into fuel, biomass to be treated, by using combustion exhaust gas of a heat source, the apparatus comprising: a combustion chamber (20) for causing combustion by allowing combustion exhaust gas, which corresponds to the injection amount of the biomass, to flow therein; and a cyclone (40) provided in the downstream of the combustion chamber (20) so as to collect biomass fuel having undergone torrefaction, and simultaneously separating inflammable exhaust gas. Therefore, there is an effect of increasing the applicability of new renewable energy by removing foreign materials from biomass having a large amount of foreign materials mixed therein and stored outdoors, and by producing high-quality biomass fuel having a high energy density.

Description

Semi-Carbonization and Foreign Material Removal Device of Biomass

The present invention relates to pulverized coal power generation, and more specifically, to remove foreign substances in biomass used in coal-fired power plants and simultaneously perform carbonization and semi-carbonization of biomass. Relates to a removal device.

The pulverized coal power generation system is an important commercial facility that accounts for about half of the domestic and foreign electricity generation. Recently, as the use of renewable energy has become an important issue, many mixed technologies for mixing and burning renewable fuel waste or biomass with existing coal have been commercially applied.

A key part of the commercialization of biomass blend technology is the stable supply and demand of biomass fuels. If it is possible to supply various kinds of biomass at high quality at low cost and provide stable supply, it will be much easier to increase the proportion of renewable energy by applying it to existing boilers.

In order to apply a solid biomass to a coal fired boiler, the biomass fuel of high quality must also come out as a solid phase. In order to increase the energy density of the biomass and to increase the degree of fineness and to facilitate the handling, a semi-carbonization (torrefaction) process is used. The process mainly aims at minimizing the loss of flammable volatiles through pyrolysis at low temperatures (about 300 ° C) while increasing fuel fineness and energy density. In addition, hydrophilic biomass fuel is made hydrophobic so that the moisture concentration does not increase even during long-term storage of the fuel.

At the same time, it is an important issue for the supply and demand of biomass, which is to increase the utilization of biomass in consideration of the situation in which a large amount of waste is deposited in Russia. If the soil of the field is mixed with a lot of fuel, it has a disadvantage that it can not be used immediately as fuel while increasing transportation costs.

As related prior patent documents, Korean Patent Publication No. 0995134 (Prior Document 1), Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2007-091890 (Prior Document 2), and the like are known.

Prior art 1 is a raw material input unit; Combustion chamber provided with a porous disc and a curved paddle at the bottom; A separation chamber configured to receive ash from the combustion chamber to generate cracked gas and to discharge the generated cracked gas and ash to the outside; And an ash discharge portion for compressing the ash by the screw in the direction of the discharge port and withdrawing the ash. Accordingly, the foreign substances contained in the raw materials are not stagnant and are all discharged, thereby reducing costs and increasing profitability.

Prior art 2 is a technique of carbonizing wood-based biomass using the exhaust gas of an incinerator and then removing the foreign matter, heating the biomass with the exhaust gas, but carbonizing the biomass, and separating the biomass and the foreign matter is wind-powered. It is removed by a classification device such as gravity, or centrifugal. Accordingly, the effect of easily separating and removing foreign substances such as metal pieces stuck to building wastes and the like is expected.

However, according to the above-mentioned prior document, since the discharge and separation of foreign matters are required in the process of carbonizing the biomass, there is a limitation in applying it to the torrefaction process of biomass used as a mixed fuel for coal-fired power generation. .

An object of the present invention for improving the conventional problems as described above, the semi-carbonization and debris removal device of the biomass for producing a high quality biomass fuel with high foreign matter is removed from the mixed biomass of the foreign material. To provide.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an apparatus for fueling a biomass to be treated with combustion exhaust gas of a heat source, comprising: a combustion chamber inducing combustion by introducing combustion exhaust gas corresponding to an input amount of the biomass; And a cyclone installed downstream of the combustion chamber to collect semi-carbonized biomass fuel and to separate combustible exhaust gas.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the combustion chamber is characterized in that it comprises a distribution plate for injecting the incoming combustion exhaust gas through a plurality of nozzles.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the combustion chamber is characterized in that it further comprises a sparger to separate the biomass and foreign matter by the density difference.

As a variant of the invention, the combustion chamber is characterized in that it is divided into a primary combustion section having an inlet and a secondary combustion section having a circulation port.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the secondary combustion unit is characterized in that it is connected to pass the separated foreign matter to the circulation port through the re-separation.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the secondary combustion unit is characterized in that it is connected to supply the combustion flue gas intermittently to a plurality of points.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the secondary combustion unit is characterized in that the specification of the dispersion plate is applied differently to separate the biomass at a slower speed than the primary combustion unit.

As described above, according to the present invention, foreign substances are removed from the piled-up biomass mixed with foreign substances, thereby producing high quality biomass fuel with high energy density, thereby increasing the utility of renewable energy.

1 is a schematic view showing the main parts of a device according to the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the separation plate according to the present invention

3 is a block diagram showing main parts of a device according to a modification of the present invention;

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention proposes an apparatus for fueling a biomass to be treated with combustion exhaust gas of a heat source. The heat source is targeted to the boiler 10 of the coal-fired power plant, but is not necessarily limited thereto. Typically, the boiler 10 performs combustion using fuel and air and discharges combustion exhaust gas to the exhaust discharge pipe 15 through a fan or a blower. The biomass to be treated is another fuel of the boiler 10, and is deposited for a long time, and a lot of foreign substances including soil on the site are mixed.

According to the present invention, the combustion chamber 20 induces combustion by introducing combustion exhaust gas corresponding to the input amount of the biomass. The combustion chamber 20 has a tubular structure having a wind box at the bottom, and has an inlet 21 at one side and an outlet 23 at the bottom. Combustion exhaust gas coming from the boiler 10 at 300 ~ 500 ℃ enters the wind box of the combustion chamber 20 through the exhaust discharge pipe (15). As described later, biomass sorting and semi-carbonization may occur simultaneously in the combustion chamber 20.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the combustion chamber 20 is characterized by having a distribution plate 25 for injecting the incoming combustion exhaust gas through a plurality of nozzles. The distribution plate 25 has a plurality of nozzles and is installed above the position connected to the exhaust discharge pipe 15. When the combustion flue gas flowing into the windbox flows into the upper portion of the chamber through the dispersion plate 25 at high speed, the biomass containing the foreign matter flowing into the inlet 21 shows a low density in the flow of the fluid. Scattered upwards, foreign matter of high density falls to the lower side and is collected in the discharge port (23). Dispersion plate 25 is provided with a through groove so that foreign matter falls down well. 2 illustrates a state in which a plurality of through grooves are formed concentrically on the distribution plate 25.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the combustion chamber 20 is characterized in that it further comprises a sparger 26 to separate the biomass and the foreign matter by the density difference. When the sparger 26 is installed in the combustion chamber 20 to inject high-temperature combustion flue gas, separation of the biomass and the foreign matter may be more easily caused. 2 illustrates a state in which a plurality of spargers 26 are installed concentrically on the distribution plate 25. The amount of dispersion by the sparger 26 is adjusted to an appropriate range according to physical properties such as density and particle size of the separated foreign matter.

In addition, according to the present invention, a cyclone 40 is installed downstream of the combustion chamber 20 to collect semi-carbonized biomass fuel and to separate flammable exhaust gas. As the biomass scattered from the combustion chamber 20 is placed at a high temperature condition of 300 to 400 ° C., semi-carbonization proceeds to increase energy density and make powder fine. The semi-carbonized biomass falls from the cyclone 40 connected to the inlet pipe 42 on the upper side of the combustion chamber 20 and is collected by the fuel outlet 45. The combustible flue gas produced in this process is a gas above the condensation temperature at which volatile components are partially mixed and is then transferred to be used as fuel of the boiler 10 through the exhaust inlet pipe 12. In this case, the concentration of NOx, which is an air pollutant, may be reduced due to the exhaust gas recirculation effect in the boiler 10.

As a variant of the invention, the combustion chamber 20 is characterized in that it is divided into a primary combustion unit 31 having an inlet 21 and a secondary combustion unit 32 having a circulation port 33. Referring to FIG. 3, the combustion chamber 20 exemplifies a state composed of a primary and a secondary together with each windbox. The primary combustion unit 31 and the secondary combustion unit 32 may be merged so as to be separated from the upper side of the combustion chamber 20. In either case, screening of biomass and foreign material can be done more precisely, depending on the density. As will be described later, the controller 50 controls the flow rate, temperature, and the like entering the primary combustion unit 31 and the secondary combustion unit 32.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the secondary combustion unit 32 is characterized in that it is connected to pass through the re-disassembly by transferring the separated foreign matter to the circulation port (33). The foreign matter falling below the windbox can be taken out again by opening the valve 53 at a predetermined cycle. If necessary, the foreign matter enters the secondary combustion unit 32 through the circulation port 33 and removes the remaining biomass. It is processed to extract more. Secondary combustion unit 32 also provides a suitable amount of heat required for biomass semi-carbonization by operating a high temperature in the range of 300 ~ 400 ℃.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the secondary combustion unit 32 is characterized in that it is connected to supply the combustion flue gas intermittently to a plurality of points. A plurality of auxiliary pipes 35 branched from the exhaust discharge pipe 15 are connected to the lower side and the upper side of the distribution plate 25 via respective valves 55. The controller 50 opens and closes the valve 55 to control the combustion exhaust gas input amount corresponding to the biomass input amount. To this end, the controller 50 is configured to input a signal such as a temperature sensor, a flow sensor.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the secondary combustion unit 32 is characterized in that the different specification of the distribution plate 25 to separate the biomass at a slower speed than the primary combustion unit 31. The dispersion plate 25 applied to the primary combustion unit 31 and the secondary combustion unit 32 maintains the same as in FIG. The sparger 26 installed on the distribution plate 25 includes a plurality of nozzles, and the space between the spargers 26 is a through groove through which foreign substances can fall. The shape of the dispersion plate 25 and the sparger 26 may take the form of a square rather than a circle depending on the cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber 20.

However, the dispersion plate 25 and the sparger 26 of the secondary combustion unit 32 reduce the installation interval and the size of the nozzle to slow the reaction. Delaying the reaction rate of the secondary combustion unit 32 increases discrimination power, which is advantageous for semi-carbonization of biomass and separation of foreign substances.

It is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, and that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, such modifications or variations will have to belong to the claims of the present invention.

The present invention can be applied to the apparatus for semi-carbonization and debris removal of biomass that effectively removes debris from filthy biomass mixed with debris and produces high quality biomass fuel with high energy density. have.

Claims

In an apparatus for fueling a biomass to be treated with combustion exhaust gas of a heat source:

A combustion chamber 20 inducing combustion by introducing combustion exhaust gas corresponding to the input amount of the biomass; And

And a cyclone (40) installed on the downstream side of the combustion chamber (20) to capture semi-carbonized biomass fuel and to separate combustible flue gas.
The method according to claim 1,

The combustion chamber 20 is a semi-carbonization and foreign matter removal apparatus of the biomass, characterized in that it comprises a distribution plate 25 for injecting the incoming combustion exhaust gas through a plurality of nozzles.
The method according to claim 1,

The combustion chamber 20 further comprises a sparger 26 to separate the biomass and the foreign matter in a density difference, characterized in that the semi-carbonization and foreign matter removal apparatus of the biomass.
The method according to claim 1,

The combustion chamber 20 is semi-carbonized and foreign matter removing apparatus, characterized in that partitioned into the primary combustion unit 31 having the inlet 21 and the secondary combustion unit 32 having the circulation port (33).
The method according to claim 4,

The secondary combustion unit 32 is a semi-carbonization and foreign matter removal apparatus of the biomass, characterized in that the separated foreign matter is transferred to the circulation port 33 is connected to undergo re-separation.
The method according to claim 4,

The secondary combustion unit 32 is a semi-carbonization and foreign matter removal apparatus of the biomass, characterized in that connected to supply the combustion exhaust gas intermittently to a plurality of points.
The method according to claim 4,

The secondary combustion unit 32 is a semi-carbonization and foreign matter removal apparatus of the biomass, characterized in that to apply different specifications of the dispersion plate 25 to separate the biomass at a slower speed than the primary combustion unit (31).