KR20160147356A - Apparatus for biomass torrefaction and foreign matter removal - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus to turn biomass of an object to be treated into fuel using combustion flue gas from a heat source. The apparatus comprises: a combustion chamber (20) inducing combustion by injecting combustion flue gas corresponding to the amount of the injected biomass; and a cyclone (40) installed in the downstream side of the combustion chamber (20), and collecting torrefied biomass fuel while separating flammable flue gas. Accordingly, impurities are removed from stored biomass containing a large quantity of impurities, and high quality biomass fuel having high energy density can be produced. Thus, the apparatus has an effect of maximizing the availability of renewable energy.

Description

Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for removing carbon dioxide and foreign matter from a biomass,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to coal-fired power generation, and more particularly, to a coal-fired power generation system for separating foreign substances in a biomass used in a coal-fired power plant and simultaneously carrying out semi-carbonization of the biomass to improve the quality of the biomass. Removing device.

Pulverized coal generation system is an important commercial facility which accounts for about half of domestic and overseas power generation. Recently, as the expansion of the use of renewable energy becomes an important issue, commercialization of coal-fired technology to mix and burn waste and biomass, which are new renewable fuels, into existing coal has been widely applied.

The most important part of the commercialization of biomass technology is the stable supply of biomass fuel. If it is possible to supply various types of biomass with high quality and stable supply at low cost, it will be much easier to increase the proportion of renewable energy by applying it to existing boilers.

In order to apply solid-state biomass to coal-fired boilers, the final high-quality biomass fuel should also be solid. A torrefaction process is often used to increase the energy density of biomass and increase the degree of differentiation to facilitate handling. The process is basically to minimize the loss of volatile matter, which is combustible through thermal decomposition at low temperature (about 300 ° C), but to increase the differential and energy density of the fuel. In addition, by making the hydrophilic biomass fuel hydrophobic, it also has the characteristic that the moisture concentration is not increased even when the fuel is stored for a long period of time.

At the same time, it is an important issue for the supply and demand of biomass, and it is about increasing the utilization of biomass considering the fact that many quantities are present in waste form in Russia. When the soil of the field is mixed with fuel, it has a disadvantage that it can not be used directly as a fuel at the same time as the transportation cost is increased.

Korean Patent Registration No. 0995134 (Prior Art 1), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-091890 (Prior Art 2), etc. are known as related prior art documents.

The prior art document 1 includes a raw material input section; A combustion chamber provided at the lower end with a porous base plate and curved paddles; A separation chamber having a passage for receiving an ash from the combustion chamber to generate a decomposition gas, and a passage for discharging the generated decomposition gas and the ash to the outside; And an ash discharge portion for discharging the ash by screwing in the direction of the discharge port. As a result, it is expected that the foreign substances contained in the raw material are discharged without stagnation, thereby reducing the cost and increasing the profitability.

Prior Art 2 is a technology for carbonizing wood biomass using exhaust gas from an incinerator and then removing foreign matter, heating the biomass with exhaust gas but carbonizing the biomass, and separating the biomass and the foreign matter from the exhaust gas, , Gravity type, centrifugal type, or the like. Accordingly, it is expected that an effect of easily separating and removing foreign substances such as metal pieces affixed to the building waste wood is expected.

However, according to the above-mentioned prior art, since the discharge and separation of foreign substances are required in the process of carbonizing the biomass, it is limited to the application to the torrefaction process of the biomass which is used as a fuel for coal combustion power generation .

1. Korean Patent Registration No. 0995134 entitled "Down-draft biomass gasification decomposition method and apparatus" (Published date: November 18, 2010) 2. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-091890 entitled " Biomass Fuel Foreign Material Removal System "(Open date: Apr. 12, 2007)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a biomass semi-carbonization and foreign matter removal device for producing high-quality biomass fuel having a high energy density by removing foreign substances from a tarnished biomass, .

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an apparatus for fueling a biomass to be treated with a combustion exhaust gas of a heat source, comprising: a combustion chamber for introducing combustion exhaust gas corresponding to an input amount of the biomass to cause combustion; And a cyclone disposed downstream of the combustion chamber to collect the semi-carbonated biomass fuel and to separate the combustible exhaust gas.

In a detailed configuration of the present invention, the combustion chamber is characterized by having a dispersing plate for injecting the combustion exhaust gas flowing through the plurality of nozzles.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the combustion chamber further comprises a sparger for separating the biomass and the foreign matter by a density difference.

In a modification of the present invention, the combustion chamber is divided into a primary combustion section having a charging port and a secondary combustion section having a circulation port.

In the detailed construction of the present invention, the secondary combustion unit is connected to transfer the separated foreign matter to the circulation means and to perform re-separation.

In a detailed configuration of the present invention, the secondary combustion unit is connected to supply combustion exhaust gas to the plurality of points intermittently.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the secondary combustion section is characterized in that the specification of the dispersion plate is applied differently so as to separate the biomass at a slower rate than the primary combustion section.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to remove foreign substances from the aged biomass mixed with a large amount of foreign matter and to produce high-quality biomass fuel with high energy density, thereby increasing the utilization of renewable energy.

1 schematically shows a main part of an apparatus according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a separator according to the present invention,
3 is a configuration diagram showing a main part of an apparatus according to a modification of the present invention

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention proposes an apparatus for fueling a biomass to be treated with a combustion exhaust gas of a heat source. The heat source is, but is not necessarily limited to, a boiler (10) of a coal-fired power plant. Normally, the boiler 10 performs combustion using fuel and air, and discharges the combustion exhaust gas to the exhaust exhaust pipe 15 through a fan or a blower. The biomass to be treated is another fuel of the boiler 10, and it is in a state where a lot of foreign matters such as soil in the field are mixed.

According to the present invention, the combustion chamber 20 introduces the combustion exhaust gas corresponding to the input amount of the biomass to induce combustion. The combustion chamber 20 has a tubular structure having a wind box at the lower end and has a charging port 21 at one side and an outlet 23 at the lower end. The combustion exhaust gas flowing out from the boiler 10 at 300 to 500 ° C enters the windbox of the combustion chamber 20 through the exhaust exhaust pipe 15. As described later, biomass sorting and semi-carbonization can occur simultaneously in the combustion chamber 20.

In the detailed construction of the present invention, the combustion chamber 20 is characterized by having a dispersion plate 25 for spraying the incoming combustion exhaust gas through a plurality of nozzles. The dispersion plate 25 has a structure having a plurality of nozzles and is installed above the position where it is connected to the exhaust gas discharge pipe 15. When the combustion flue gas introduced into the wind box flows into the chamber at a high speed through the dispersion plate 25, the biomass containing the foreign matter flowing into the inlet 21 shows a low density in the flow of the fluid And the high-density foreign matter falls downward and is collected into the discharge port 23. [0050] The dispersion plate 25 is provided with a through groove so that the foreign matter can be dropped down well. 2 illustrates a state in which a plurality of through grooves are concentrically formed in the dispersion plate 25. FIG.

In the detailed construction of the present invention, the combustion chamber 20 further includes a sparger 26 for separating the biomass and foreign matter by a density difference. If a sparger (26) is installed in the combustion chamber (20) and a high temperature combustion exhaust gas is sprayed, the separation due to the density difference between the biomass and the foreign matter can be more easily caused. Fig. 2 illustrates a state in which a plurality of spargers 26 are installed concentrically on the dispersion plate 25. Fig. The amount of dispersion by the sparger 26 is adjusted to an appropriate range according to physical properties such as the density and particle size of the separated foreign matter.

According to the present invention, the cyclone 40 is installed downstream of the combustion chamber 20 to collect the semi-carbonated biomass fuel and to separate the combustible exhaust gas. The biomass that is scattered in the combustion chamber 20 is placed in a high temperature condition of 300 to 400 ° C., and the semi-carbonization proceeds so that the energy density becomes high and the fine powder becomes easy. The semi-carbonized biomass is dropped on the cyclone 40 connected to the upper side of the combustion chamber 20 by the inflow pipe 42 and collected into the fuel outlet 45. The flammable exhaust gas generated in this process is transferred to be used as the fuel of the boiler 10 through the exhaust inflow pipe 12 again as a gas above the condensation temperature where some volatile components are mixed. In this case, NOx concentration, which is an air pollutant, can be reduced due to the exhaust gas recirculation effect and the like in the boiler 10.

The combustion chamber 20 is divided into a primary combustion section 31 having a charging port 21 and a secondary combustion section 32 having a circulation port 33 as a modification of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, the combustion chamber 20 illustrates a primary and secondary configuration together with each windbox. The primary combustion part 31 and the secondary combustion part 32 may be merged so that the upper part of the combustion chamber 20 is separated from the combustion chamber 20. In either case, biomass and foreign matter can be sorted more precisely according to density. As described later, the controller 50 controls the flow rate, temperature, etc., which enter the primary combustion section 31 and the secondary combustion section 32 side.

In the detailed construction of the present invention, the secondary combustion part (32) is connected to the circulation port (33) so as to carry out re-separation. If the foreign matter falls down to the wind box, the foreign matter can be drawn out again by opening the valve 53 according to a predetermined cycle. If necessary, the foreign matter enters the secondary combustion part 32 again through the circulation opening 33, It is processed to extract more. The secondary combustion part 32 also operates at a high temperature in the range of 300 to 400 DEG C to provide an appropriate amount of heat necessary for biomass semi-carbonization.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the secondary combustion part 32 is connected to supply combustion exhaust gas at a plurality of points intermittently. A plurality of auxiliary pipes 35 branched from the exhaust gas discharge pipe 15 are connected to the lower side and the upper side of the dispersion plate 25 via the respective valves 55. The controller 50 opens and closes the valve 55 to control the amount of combustion exhaust gas supplied corresponding to the biomass feed amount. To this end, the controller 50 is configured to input signals such as a temperature sensor and a flow rate sensor.

As a detailed configuration of the present invention, the secondary combustion section 32 is characterized in that the size of the dispersion plate 25 is differently applied so as to separate the biomass at a slower speed than the primary combustion section 31. The distribution plate 25 applied to the primary combustion section 31 and the secondary combustion section 32 maintains the same identity as that of FIG. 2 described above. The sparger 26 installed in the dispersion plate 25 has a plurality of nozzles, and the space between the spargers 26 is a through hole through which foreign substances can fall. The shape of the dispersing plate 25 and the sparger 26 may be a rectangular shape instead of a circular shape depending on the shape of the cross section of the combustion chamber 20.

However, the dispersion plate 25 and the sparger 26 of the secondary combustion part 32 reduce the installation interval and the size of the nozzle to slow down the reaction. If the reaction speed of the secondary combustion part 32 is delayed, the discriminating power is increased, which is advantageous for semi-carbonization of the biomass and foreign matter separation.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It is therefore intended that such variations and modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims.

10: boiler 12: exhaust inlet pipe
15: exhaust exhaust pipe 20: combustion chamber
21: inlet 23: outlet
25: Dispersion plate 26: Sparger
31: 1 Primary combustion section 32: Secondary combustion section
33: circulation hole 35: auxiliary pipe
40: Cyclone 42: Inflow pipe
45: fuel outlet 50:
53, 55: valve

Claims (7)

An apparatus for converting biomass to be treated into a fuel by combustion exhaust gas of a heat source, comprising:
A combustion chamber (20) for introducing a combustion exhaust gas corresponding to an input amount of the biomass to cause combustion; And
And a cyclone (40) installed on the downstream side of the combustion chamber (20) to collect the semi-carbonated biomass fuel and to separate the combustible exhaust gas. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the combustion chamber (20) comprises a dispersion plate (25) for spraying the incoming combustion exhaust gas through a plurality of nozzles. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the combustion chamber (20) further comprises a sparger (26) for separating the biomass and foreign matter by a density difference. The method according to claim 1,
Characterized in that the combustion chamber (20) is divided into a primary combustion section (31) having a charging port (21) and a secondary combustion section (32) having a circulation port (33). The method of claim 4,
Wherein the secondary combustion unit (32) is connected to the circulation port (33) for separating the separated foreign substances to be re-separated. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the secondary combustion unit (32) is connected to supply a combustion exhaust gas to the plurality of points intermittently. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the secondary combustion unit (32) applies a different size of the dispersion plate (25) to separate the biomass at a slower rate than the primary combustion unit (31).

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