WO2016204228A1

WO2016204228A1 - Building

Info

Publication number: WO2016204228A1
Application number: PCT/JP2016/067936
Authority: WO
Inventors: 健史高島; 和良渡部
Original assignee: 旭化成ホームズ株式会社
Priority date: 2015-06-16
Filing date: 2016-06-16
Publication date: 2016-12-22
Also published as: JP2017002685A; JP6573490B2

Abstract

A building comprises a foundation and walls that rise from the foundation and that enclose the indoor space in the plan view. The walls are cantilevered structures that have fixed ends on the foundation side and free ends on the top end side.

Description

building

One aspect of the present invention relates to a building.

Conventionally, there are masonry buildings such as low-rise reinforced concrete blocks and formwork concrete blocks. Such a building is constructed by a predetermined construction method using a predetermined material as described in Non-Patent Document 1, for example.

The building mentioned above needs to be constructed by using a predetermined construction method using a predetermined material, so that the materials and storage of the blocks that make up the masonry (wall body) will be new Cannot be applied to a predetermined construction method and is not versatile.

Therefore, an object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide a building capable of performing simple and highly accurate structural calculation without being limited to materials and construction methods to be used.

A building according to one aspect of the present invention includes a foundation and a wall body that stands up from the foundation and surrounds the indoor space in plan view, and the wall body is a piece having a foundation side as a fixed end and an upper end side as a free end. It is a holding structure.

In this building, the structural safety can be confirmed (structural calculation) as a cantilever structure with the base side of the wall body as the fixed end and the upper end side of the wall body as the free end. Since structural safety can be confirmed in this way, this building is not limited to the materials and construction methods used, and simple and accurate structural calculations (with a clear degree of safety) are performed. be able to.

The wall body may have a strength capable of resisting a load acting on the divided area for each divided area virtually divided into a plurality of parts in plan view. In this case, the building can ensure the required strength for each divided region. In addition, the required intensity can be calculated for each divided region, and more accurate structural calculation can be performed.

The wall body may be constituted by a stacked block and a vertical line passed through a vertical hole formed in the block. In this case, the wall bodies can be configured so that only the height (the number of block stages) is different in a common fit. Therefore, it is possible to easily perform the structural calculation of the wall bodies having different heights only. For example, by creating in advance an equation for structural calculation using the height (stage number) of the block as a variable, the structural calculation can be easily performed simply by applying the height (stage number) to the created expression.

The building further includes a support member that has at least two levels and supports an upper floor located above the lowest floor, and the support member is provided on a surface of the wall on the indoor side. Also good. In this case, the height position of the upper floor can be easily changed simply by changing the height position at which the support member is provided.

The support member extends from the plate-shaped horizontal piece inserted into the horizontal joint between the blocks toward the indoor side, and the horizontal piece may be fastened to the vertical line. In this case, it is possible to easily change the height position of the upper floor by simply changing the height position at which the horizontal piece is inserted into the horizontal joint between the blocks. Moreover, since the horizontal piece is fastened to the vertical bars, the upper floor can be firmly fixed to the wall.

The building further includes a support member that has at least two or more levels and supports an upper floor located above the lowest floor, and the support member includes a block that forms a wall, and the support member The block which comprises is wider than the block stacked on the upper side, and may consist of a wide block which has the site | part which protruded indoors rather than the block stacked on the upper side. In this case, the upper floor can be supported by the support member made of a wide block having a portion protruding to the indoor side. In addition, the height position of the floor on the upper floor can be easily changed by simply changing the height position at which the support members made of wide blocks are stacked. Furthermore, by using a wide block as the support member, the support member does not become a thermal bridge, and the building can be made excellent in heat.

The wall body is provided with a rectangular wall opening formed by separating adjacent blocks in the lateral direction, and the upper part of the wall opening has the same shape as the block and bending strength than the block. A large musa block may be used. In this case, the finish of the musa portion can be the same as that of the other wall portions, and the building can take advantage of the texture.

The building further includes a pillar having at least two levels and supporting an upper floor located above the lower floor, and the pillar is erected on the foundation or the floor of the lower floor May be erected. In this case, the height and weight of the upper floor do not affect the structural calculation of the wall.

The surface including the upper end of the wall body may be provided with a ceiling surface opening, and the ceiling surface opening may be covered with a roof supported by the upper end of the wall. Since the wall body is a cantilever structure, structural safety can be maintained even if the ceiling surface opening is provided on the surface including the upper end of the wall body.

The upper end surface of the wall body is provided with a groove extending along the extending direction of the upper end surface of the wall body. In the groove, a girder for supporting the roof is arranged, and the girder is provided in the groove. Alternatively, it may be fixed to the wall by a grout filled in the groove while being kept horizontal by the level adjusting piece. In this way, the roof can be constructed with high accuracy by providing the girder on the upper end surface of the wall that is likely to be uneven in height. The girder also has a function of maintaining the integrity of the wall body in the same plane.

A wiring hole for electrical wiring that communicates in the vertical direction may be provided inside the wall. In this case, by providing a horizontal hole communicating with the wiring hole at a desired height position of the wall body, the cable in the wiring hole can be drawn out from the horizontal hole. For example, when wiring a cable for a switch or an outlet, the cable is inserted into the wiring hole, the cable is sent downward, and the cable passing through the wiring hole is extracted from the lateral hole to complete the wiring. Thus, since the inner peripheral surface of the wiring hole serves as a guide for sending the cable, the wiring work can be performed easily and accurately. Moreover, since a horizontal hole can be provided in a desired height position, the height of a switch or an outlet can be freely set.

The lower end position of the first floor may be higher than the lower end position of the wall, and the wiring hole may extend to a position below the lower end position of the first floor. In this case, by providing a horizontal hole in the vicinity of the lower end position of the wall body, the underfloor space on the first floor and the wiring hole can be communicated with each other, and the underfloor space on the first floor is used as a space for horizontally pulling the cable. Available.

According to one aspect of the present invention, simple and highly accurate structural calculation can be performed without being limited to materials and construction methods to be used.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the masonry building which concerns on embodiment. It is a top view of a masonry building. It is a disassembled perspective view of a masonry building. 4A to 4C are diagrams showing variations of the masonry unit. It is a figure which shows the wall body of the 1st floor part of a masonry building. FIG. 6A is a top view of the masonry unit. FIG. 6B is a side view of the masonry unit in the thickness direction. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. It is an expansion perspective view of a masonry unit. It is a figure which shows a mode that a masonry unit is assembled. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the masonry method of a masonry unit. It is a perspective view which shows the outskirt part periphery of a wall body. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the structure around the support member which supports a 2nd floor floor beam. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure around a girder. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure which wires a cable. It is sectional drawing which shows the other structure which supports a 2nd floor floor beam. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows another structure which supports a 2nd floor floor beam.

Hereinafter, embodiments of one aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a masonry building 1 according to the present embodiment is, for example, a two-story masonry house. In the masonry building 1, a wall 3 is formed on a rising portion 2 a formed at an edge of a reinforced concrete foundation 2. The masonry building 1 is an industrialized house in which many of the members used are standardized and commercialized. The masonry building 1 has a planar module (predetermined module) M. The planar module M can be set to 250 mm, for example. A plurality of cores of the masonry building 1 are set at an interval that is an integral multiple of the planar module M in two orthogonal directions, and the center line in the thickness direction of the wall 3 (the direction from the room to the outdoor) is It matches the core. The “module” means a unit dimension that serves as a reference for constructing a building. In the present embodiment, the unit dimension when viewed in plan, that is, the horizontal unit dimension is described as a “planar module M”. ing.

The wall 3 rises from the rising portion 2a of the foundation 2 and surrounds the indoor space S in plan view. That is, the wall 3 separates the external space and the internal space of the masonry building 1 to form an indoor space S. The wall body 3 is a cantilever structure having a fixed end on the foundation 2 side and a free end on the upper end side. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the wall body 3 is comprised by the 1st wall body 3a, the 2nd wall body 3b, the 3rd wall body 3c, and the 4th wall body 3d. In the present embodiment, the wall body 3 has a rectangular frame shape in plan view. In addition, the number of the wall bodies which comprise the wall body 3 is not limited to four like the 1st wall body 3a to the 4th wall body 3d, but if it is the shape surrounding the indoor space S, it will be four or more wall bodies It may be constituted by.

The wall 3 has a strength capable of resisting a load acting on the divided area for each divided area virtually divided into a plurality of parts in plan view. The divided region may be, for example, the first wall body 3a, the second wall body 3b, the third wall body 3c, and the fourth wall body 3d, and is divided smaller than these first wall bodies 3a and the like. It may be a region that has been changed. The masonry building 1 is subjected to structural calculation for each of these divided areas.

The wall 3 is formed by stacking a plurality of and a plurality of types of stacked units 30. Here, the details of the masonry unit 30 will be described. As shown in FIG. 4A, the masonry unit 30 is formed in a substantially rectangular plate shape (substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape) by previously combining a plurality of blocks 31 having a common height and thickness and different lengths. The block 31 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. As the block 31, a plurality of blocks having the same height and thickness and different lengths are used. The material of the block 31 is, for example, ALC (lightweight cellular concrete) or lightweight concrete.

A plurality of the blocks 31 constituting the masonry unit 30 are combined in the height direction of the block 31 and the length direction of the block 31. That is, the blocks 31 are not combined in the thickness direction of the block 31.

In addition, the thickness direction of the block 31 is the thickness direction of the masonry unit 30 when the masonry unit 30 is formed by the block 31. That is, the thickness direction of the block 31 is the direction from the indoor side toward the outdoor side (the left-right direction in FIG. 1) when the wall body 3 is formed by the masonry unit 30. Further, the length direction of the block 31 is a direction perpendicular to the height direction of the block 31 and the thickness direction of the block 31 (left-right direction in FIG. 4A).

Further, the thickness of each of the blocks 31 constituting the masonry unit 30 is equal to the planar module M. The dimension in the length direction of each block 31 is set to an integral multiple of the planar module M. The blocks 31 constituting the masonry unit 30 are arranged in a staggered manner so that the vertical joints between adjacent blocks in the length direction of the block 31 are shifted by an integral multiple of the planar module M. That is, the vertical joints between the blocks 31 are not continuous in the vertical direction, and the vertical joints between the blocks 31 are shifted by an integral multiple of the planar module M in the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction is the horizontal direction.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C, the masonry unit 30 has a length in the length direction of the block 31 (the left-right direction in FIGS. 4A to 4C). A plurality of different variations (masonry units 30A to 30C) are provided. The masonry unit 30B shown in FIG. 4B is longer than the masonry unit 30A shown in FIG. The masonry unit 30C shown in FIG. 4 (c) is longer than the masonry unit 30B shown in FIG. 4 (b). In addition, by changing the length of the blocks 31 used when combining the blocks 31 or changing the number of blocks 31 combined in the length direction of the blocks 31, a plurality of types of

masonry units

30A, 30B and 30C can be formed.

Since the length of the block 31 is set to an integral multiple of the planar module M, the lengths of the

masonry units

30A, 30B and 30C formed by combining the blocks 31 are also integral multiples of the planar module M. 4A to 4C show three types of variations of the masonry unit 30 having different lengths, the number of variations of the masonry unit 30 is not limited to three types. Further, the masonry unit 30 may have a plurality of variations having different heights. In this case, when combining the blocks 31, by changing the number of blocks 31 stacked in the height direction (longitudinal direction), a plurality of variations of the stacked units 30 having different heights can be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 5, the wall 3 is formed by stacking a plurality of types of masonry units 30 having different lengths such as the

masonry units

30A, 30B, and 30C described above in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. Yes. The masonry units 30 adjacent in the horizontal direction have the same height. FIG. 5 shows only the wall 3 of the first floor portion of the masonry building 1. The masonry units 30 constituting the wall body 3 are arranged in a staggered manner so that the vertical joints between the masonry units 30 adjacent in the horizontal direction are shifted by an integral multiple of the planar module M. That is, the vertical joints between the masonry units 30 are not continuous in the vertical direction, and the vertical joints between the masonry units 30 are shifted by an integral multiple of the planar module M in the horizontal direction.

The vertical joints between the masonry units 30 are not limited to being arranged in a staggered manner so as to be an integral multiple of the plane module M, but between the masonry units 30 shown in FIGS. 5 and 11. As shown in the vertical joint B, the vertical joint may be continuous in the vertical direction.

Details of the structure of the masonry unit 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 (a), 6 (b), 7 and 8. FIG. In the following, an example of the masonry unit 30 formed by stacking three blocks 31 in the height direction will be described. The masonry unit 30 includes a vertical bar 32, a high nut 33, and a washer 34 in addition to the block 31.

In each of the blocks 31 constituting the masonry unit 30, a lower recess 31b is provided on the lower surface of the block 31. The lower recess 31 b extends in the length direction of the block 31. Further, in each of the blocks 31 constituting the masonry unit 30, a side recess 31 c is formed on the end surface in the length direction of the block 31. The side recess 31 c extends along the height direction of the block 31. When the blocks 31 are arranged in the length direction of the blocks 31, the side recesses 31c between the adjacent blocks 31 face each other. A hole communicating in the up-down direction is formed by the opposing side recess 31c.

The block 31 is provided with a plurality of vertical holes 31a penetrating in the vertical direction. When a plurality of blocks 31 are combined in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, the vertical holes 31a provided in each block 31 communicate in the vertical direction. Of the plurality of vertical holes 31a communicating in the vertical direction, vertical bars 32 are passed through predetermined vertical holes 31a. A male screw 32 a is provided at the upper end of the vertical bar 32. A male screw 32 b is provided at the lower end of the vertical bar 32.

A washer 34 is disposed at a position of the vertical hole 31a through which the vertical streak 32 passes between the blocks 31 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction. In the present embodiment, a washer 34 is disposed between the block 31 at the second level from the top and the block 31 at the third level from the top. Further, the washer 34 is arranged in the lower recessed portion 31b in the second stage from the top. The washer 34 is provided with a vertical line insertion hole 34a through which the vertical line 32 passes. The washer 34 is provided with a plurality of grout holes 34b for allowing the grout to pass through, as will be described in detail later. The outer diameter of the washer 34 is larger than the diameter of the vertical hole 31a through which the vertical bar 32 passes.

The high nut 33 is screwed into the male screw 32 b at the lower end of the vertical bar 32. The female screw 33a of the high nut 33 faces downward. The outer diameter of the high nut 33 is larger than the diameter of the vertical bar insertion hole 34a of the washer 34 and smaller than the diameter of the vertical hole 31a through which the vertical bar 32 passes.

The adjacent blocks 31 in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction are fixed to each other by the grout G1. Specifically, in a state where a plurality of blocks 31 are combined in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, the blocks 31 are fixed to each other by pouring the grout G1 into the hole formed by the side recess 31c of the uppermost block 31. Is done. The grout G1 poured into the hole formed by the side recess 31c of the uppermost block 31 flows downward through the hole formed by the side recess 31c and passes through the lower recess 31b of the block 31. Spread laterally. Thereby, all the blocks 31 constituting the masonry unit 30 are fixed to each other.

The grout G1 is not filled in the vertical hole 31a, and the vertical streaks 32 can move up and down and rotate in the vertical hole 31a. Moreover, the vertical hole 31a in which the vertical streak 32 is not provided can be used as, for example, a wiring hole 3f for electric wiring described later.

In addition, packing 35 is arrange | positioned in the position where the vertical hole 31a was provided between the blocks 31 adjacent to the up-down direction so that grout G1 may not flow into the vertical hole 31a. The packing 35 can employ various shapes as long as the grout G1 can be prevented from flowing into the vertical hole 31a. Further, a stopper 36 is provided at a portion where the washer 34 is provided. Like the packing 35, the stopper 36 prevents the grout G1 from flowing into the vertical hole 31a in which the washer 34 is disposed. As long as the stopper 36 is configured to prevent the grout G1 from flowing into the vertical hole 31a in which the washer 34 is disposed, various shapes can be adopted.

A tape 37 is attached to the upper surface of the lowermost block 31 so as to cover the hole portion formed by the lateral recess 31c of the lowermost block 31. This prevents the grout G1 from leaking from the lower end of the masonry unit 30 through the gap between the lowermost blocks 31 when the grout G1 is poured. 6 (a) and 6 (b), the packing 35, the stopper 36 and the tape 37 are shown in black for emphasizing the installation position. Is arranged.

The masonry unit 30 can be formed in advance in the factory. A plurality of types of masonry units 30 are formed in advance.

A method for forming the masonry unit 30 will be described. First, the lower blocks 31 below the washer 34 are assembled. At this time, the tape 37 is affixed so as to cover the hole formed by the side recess 31c of the lowermost block 31. In addition, the stopper 36 is installed at the position where the washer 34 is provided, and the packing 35 is installed at the position of the vertical hole 31a where the vertical stripe 32 is not inserted. Next, the vertical bar 32 to which the high nut 33 is attached is inserted into a predetermined vertical hole 31a. Thereafter, the washer 34 is passed through the longitudinal bars 32 and the washer 34 is placed on the upper surface of the assembled block 31. After the washer 34 is placed, the blocks 31 above the washer 34 are stacked. At this time, the packing 35 is installed at the position of the vertical hole 31a. After assembling the blocks 31 to the uppermost stage, the grout G1 is poured into the hole formed by the side recess 31c of the uppermost block 31 to fix the blocks 31 to each other. The masonry unit 30 can be formed by the above steps.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, an eye nut (lifting auxiliary jig) 38 may be screwed onto the male screw 32 a at the upper end of the vertical bar 32. The eye nut 38 can be used as a jig for lifting the masonry unit 30. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the masonry unit 30 may be lifted by attaching a wire to the eye nut 38 and hooking the hook of the crane 5 on the wire. The lifting auxiliary jig attached to the vertical bars 32 is not limited to the eyenut 38, and may be a jig having another shape such as a hook shape.

Here, a configuration in which the masonry unit 30 is lifted by the vertical bars 32 will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 8, the left vertical streak 32 shows a state before being pulled up, and the right vertical streak 32 shows a state after being lifted. As described above, the grout G1 is not filled in the vertical hole 31a through which the vertical streak 32 is passed before the masonry unit 30 is assembled. For this reason, when the vertical bar 32 is pulled up using the eye nut 38 or the like, the high nut 33 comes into contact with the washer 34, and the washer 34 comes into contact with the lower surface of the block 31 immediately above the washer 34. From this state, the masonry unit 30 can be lifted by further lifting the vertical bars 32.

Next, a method for assembling the masonry unit 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. First, the operator screws the eye nut 38 into the male screw 32 a provided at the upper end of the vertical bar 32. Then, the operator uses the crane 5 or the like to lift the masonry unit 30 using the eye nut 38 (S101: lifting process). The operator can set the position of the vertical bars 32 of the raised masonry unit 30 and the vertical bars 32 protruding from the upper surface of the lower masonry unit 30 (lower structure) on which the raised masonry unit 30 is placed. The suspended masonry unit 30 is placed on the upper surface of the lower masonry unit 30 while aligning with the position. After placing the masonry unit 30, the operator removes the eye nut 38 from the vertical bar 32 (S <b> 102: placement step).

Here, in a state where the vertical bars 32 are pulled up to lift the masonry unit 30, the dimension from the lower end of the high nut 33 to the lower surface of the lowermost block 31 is the vertical length protruding from the upper surface of the lower masonry unit 30. It is larger than the protruding dimension of the line 32. Thereby, when the suspended masonry unit 30 is placed on the upper surface of the lower masonry unit 30, the lower end of the high nut 33 of the placed masonry unit 30 is connected to the vertical bar 32 of the lower masonry unit 30. Can be prevented from coming into contact with the upper end of the plate.

The suspended masonry unit 30 may be placed on the rising portion 2a (lower structure) of the foundation 2. In this case, the masonry unit 30 is placed on the rising part 2a while aligning the position of the vertical bar 32 protruding from the upper surface of the rising part 2a and the position of the vertical bar 32 of the raised masonry unit 30. can do. That is, the lower structure on which the masonry unit 30 is placed is not limited to the masonry unit 30, and may be another structure such as the rising portion 2a.

The operator rotates the vertical bar 32 of the mounted masonry unit 30, and causes the female screw 33 a of the high nut 33 attached to the lower end of the rotated vertical bar 32 to move from the upper surface of the lower masonry unit 30. It is screwed into the male screw 32a of the protruding vertical bar 32 (S103: screwing step). Thereby, the vertical bars 32 of the upper and lower masonry units 30 are connected by the high nut 33.

After the upper and lower vertical bars 32 are connected, the operator passes the joints between the masonry units 30 adjacent in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and the vertical bars 32 as shown in the right part of FIG. The male threads 32a are filled with grout to fix the masonry units 30 together (S104: fixing process). Filling the joint between the masonry units 30 with grout means filling the grout into the hole formed by the side recess 31 c at the end of the adjacent masonry unit 30. In FIG. 9, using the container 9 in which grout is placed, the hole portion formed by the side recess 31 c at the end of the adjacent masonry unit 30 and the vertical hole 31 a through which the vertical streak 32 is passed. Filled with grout. In addition, since the grout hole 34b is provided in the washer 34, when grout is filled into the vertical hole 31a through which the vertical streak 32 is passed, the grout can be easily flowed to the lower end of the vertical hole 31a.

The grout filled in the hole portion formed by the side recess 31c at the end of the adjacent masonry unit 30 and the vertical hole 31a through which the vertical streak 32 is passed to the lower end of the loaded masonry unit 30. After arriving, it flows laterally in the lower recess 31b of the lowermost block 31. Thereby, the upper and lower masonry units 30 are fixed by the grout.

After filling the grout, the operator passes the washer 32d through the vertical bar 32 protruding from the upper surface of the mounted masonry unit 30, and screws the nut 32c into the male screw 32a. By tightening the nut 32c, the mounted masonry unit 30 is urged toward the lower masonry unit 30 and the upper and lower masonry units 30 are firmly connected to each other. As shown in FIG. 2, a horizontal bar 39 is arranged in the wall body 3 in addition to the vertical bar 32. The horizontal stripes 39 may be arranged in advance in the masonry unit 30, or may be arranged between the upper and lower masonry units 30 when the masonry unit 30 is assembled.

After the nut 32c is screwed to the vertical bar 32 protruding from the upper surface of the masonry unit 30, the upper masonry unit 30 is mounted on the masonry unit 30 to which the nut 32c is screwed. Put. This operation is performed until the masonry unit 30 is placed to a desired height position.

As shown in FIG. 11, for example, in the projected corner portion A of the wall body 3, the first wall body 3 a (one wall body) among the first wall body 3 a and the third wall body 3 c constituting the projected corner section A. ) Is in contact with the side surface perpendicular to the thickness direction of the third wall 3c (the other wall). The end face of the first wall 3a is the end face in the length direction of the block 31 in the masonry unit 30 constituting the first wall 3a. That is, the masonry unit 30 is arranged so that one of the pair of wall bodies constituting the protruding corner portion wins and the other loses. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the masonry unit 30 is switched so that the winning and losing of one wall body and the winning and losing of the other wall body are alternately switched every time the masonry unit 30 is placed. You may combine. Also, as with the exit corner, the masonry unit 30 is arranged so that one of the entrance corners wins and the other loses. Similarly, the masonry unit 30 is combined so that the winning and losing of one wall body and the winning and losing of the other wall body are alternately switched every time the masonry unit 30 is placed at the corner. Also good.

As shown in FIG. 5, the wall 3 is provided with a rectangular wall opening 3e for attaching a window or the like. The wall opening 3e is provided between the adjacent masonry units 30 in the lateral direction (the length direction of the blocks 31 constituting the masonry unit 30). Further, the masonry unit 30 is formed by separating the masonry units 30 adjacent in the horizontal direction by an integral multiple of the planar module M. The wall opening 3e having a desired size can be formed by changing the separation length of the masonry unit 30 to be separated and the height position of the masonry unit 30 to be separated (see FIGS. 5 and 11). ).

An upper masonry unit 30 (masonry unit 30C in the example of FIG. 5) is laminated on the upper part of the wall opening 3e so as to straddle the separated masonry units 30. The masonry unit 30 disposed at the upper part of the wall opening 3e functions as a magnet. Further, the masonry unit 30 that functions as a magsa may be formed of a magsa block that has the same shape and high bending strength as the block 31 that constitutes the other masonry unit 30. The block for the magsa may be a block having a large amount of reinforcing bars arranged inside the block 31 constituting the other masonry unit 30.

In addition, although the wall opening part 3e was provided in the wall 3 by separating the masonry units 30 adjacent in the horizontal direction, the wall opening part 3e is formed by separating the blocks 31 adjacent in the horizontal direction. May be.

As shown in FIG. 1, the masonry building 1 has a first floor 7 on the lowest floor and a second floor 6 on the second floor (upper floor) located above the first floor. The second floor 6 is supported by a support member 60 provided on the indoor side surface of the wall 3. As shown in FIG. 12, the support member 60 is attached to the wall body 3 by a horizontal piece 61 and a connecting piece 62. The horizontal piece 61 is formed in a plate shape. The horizontal piece 61 is inserted into a horizontal joint between the upper and lower blocks 31. The horizontal piece 61 is provided with a hole 61a. The vertical streak 32 is passed through the hole 61 a of the horizontal piece 61. The horizontal piece 61 is fastened to the vertical bar 32 by screwing a nut 32 c into the male screw 32 a of the vertical bar 32.

The connecting piece 62 extends downward from the indoor end of the horizontal piece 61. The connecting piece 62 is in contact with the indoor side surface of the wall 3. The connecting piece 62 is fixed to the masonry unit 30 with screws 62a. The support member 60 extends horizontally from the indoor side surface of the connecting piece 62 toward the indoor side. That is, the support member 60 extends from the horizontal piece 61 through the connecting piece 62 toward the indoor side. The support member 60 is formed in a plate shape. The support member 60 stands in the vertical direction from the surface of the wall 3 on the indoor side, and is connected to the connection piece 62 so that the front and back surfaces face the horizontal direction. The support member 60 has a plurality of pin insertion portions 60a formed by holes and notches.

The second floor 6 has a second floor beam 63. A slit 63 a extending in the vertical direction is provided at the end of the second floor beam 63. The support member 60 is inserted into the slit 63 a of the second floor beam 63. The second-floor floor beam 63 is arranged so that the end surface of the second-floor floor beam 63 and the indoor side surface of the connecting piece 62 face each other. The pin 60b is inserted into the pin hole 63b and the pin insertion portion 60a in a state where the pin hole 63b provided in the second floor beam 63 and the pin insertion portion 60a of the support member 60 are aligned. The second floor beam 63 and the support member 60 are connected by the pin hole 63b and the pin 60b inserted into the pin insertion portion 60a. On the upper surface of the second-floor floor beam 63, a structural plywood 64 and a floor finishing material 65 are installed.

The horizontal piece 61 to which the support member 60 and the connecting piece 62 are attached is installed in the masonry unit 30 when the masonry unit 30 is built up to a height position where the second floor 6 is installed. On the masonry unit 30 on which the horizontal pieces 61 and the like are installed, the other masonry unit 30 is built. When the other masonry unit 30 is stacked on the masonry unit 30 on which the horizontal piece 61 or the like is installed, if the lower surface of the other masonry unit 30 interferes with the horizontal piece 61, another group Processing such as notching the lower surface of the product unit 30 may be performed.

As shown in FIG. 1, a ceiling surface opening R is provided on the surface including the upper end of the wall body 3. The ceiling surface opening R is covered by a roof 4 supported by the upper end of the wall 3.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 13, a girder 50 is provided on the upper end surface of the wall body 3. Here, the block 31 positioned at the uppermost end of the wall 3 is referred to as an upper end block 31A. After the masonry unit 30 is assembled, the upper end block 31A may be installed on the upper surface of the masonry unit 30 that is assembled in the uppermost stage. Alternatively, the upper end block 31A may be installed in advance on the uppermost stage of the masonry unit 30 that is assembled on the uppermost stage.

As shown in FIG. 13, the upper end surface of the upper end block 31A is provided with a groove 31d extending along the extending direction of the upper end surface of the wall 3. The girder 50 is arranged along the extending direction of the groove 31d with the lower part embedded in the groove 31d. More specifically, a level adjustment piece 51 (support) is disposed in the groove 31d. The level adjusting piece 51 is used for keeping the girder 50 horizontal. The girder 50 is fixed to the upper end block 31A (wall body 3) by a grout G2 filled in the groove 31d while being kept horizontal by the level adjusting piece 51. Moreover, the girder 50 is fastened to the vertical bar 32 (see FIG. 1). The girder 50 may be made of wood or metal.

The end of the roof beam 41 is connected to the girder 50. A structural plywood 42 is installed on the upper surface of the roof beam 41 so as to cover the ceiling surface opening R. On the structural plywood 42, an inclination member for forming a roof gradient, a waterproof sheet, and the like are installed. As described above, the roof 4 includes the roof beam 41, the structural plywood 42, the tilting member, the waterproof sheet, and the like. A heat insulating material may be disposed on the lower surface of the structural plywood 42.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 14, a bundle 71 is installed on the bottom plate portion 2 b of the foundation 2. The bundle 71 supports the large pull 72. On the large pull 72, a structural plywood 73 and a floor finishing material 74 constituting the first floor 7 are installed. A heat insulating material may be disposed in the vicinity of the inner side surface of the rising portion 2a. The lower end position of the first floor 7 (the height position of the lower surface of the structural plywood 73) is higher than the lower end position of the wall 3.

As shown in FIG. 14, a wiring hole 3 f for electrical wiring that communicates in the vertical direction is provided inside the wall body 3. The wiring hole 3f is configured by a predetermined vertical hole 31a among a plurality of vertical holes 31a provided in each block 31 and communicating in the vertical direction. An electric wiring cable 55 is passed through the wiring hole 3f. By using the wiring hole 3f, the cable 55 can be wired in the vertical direction. At a position above the first floor 7, a lateral hole 31 e communicating with the wiring hole 3 f is provided on the surface of the wall 3 on the indoor side. The lateral hole 31e can draw out the cable 55 passing through the wiring hole 3f to the indoor side. The lateral hole 31e can be provided at a desired height position at a position above the first floor 7. That is, the lateral hole 31e can be provided at a desired height position where the cable 55 is desired to be pulled out.

The wiring hole 3 f extends to a position below the lower end position of the first floor 7. At a position below the first floor 7, a lateral hole 31 e communicating with the wiring hole 3 f is provided on the surface of the wall 3 on the indoor side (underfloor space side of the first floor 7). In the present embodiment, a lateral hole 31 e is provided in the lowermost block 31 of the wall body 3. Thereby, the underfloor space of the first floor 7 and the wiring hole 3f can be communicated with each other through the lateral hole 31e. Thereby, the underfloor space of the first floor 7 can be used as a space for laterally pulling the cable 55 passing through the wiring hole 3f.

The present embodiment is configured as described above, and the wall 3 constituting the masonry building 1 has a fixed end on the foundation 2 side and a free end on the upper end side. This confirms the structural safety of the masonry building 1 (structural calculation) as a cantilever structure with the base 2 side of the wall 3 as the fixed end and the upper end of the wall 3 as the free end. It can be carried out. Since structural safety can be confirmed in this way, this masonry building 1 is not limited to the materials and construction methods used, and is simple and highly accurate (the degree of safety is clear). Structural calculations can be performed.

The wall 3 has a strength capable of resisting a load acting on the divided area for each divided area virtually divided into a plurality of parts in plan view. Thereby, required intensity | strength can be ensured for every division area. In addition, the required intensity can be calculated for each divided region, and more accurate structural calculation can be performed.

The wall body 3 may be configured by the stacked blocks 31 and the vertical bars 32 passed through the vertical holes 31 a of the blocks 31. In this case, the wall body 3 can be configured so that only a height (the number of steps of the block 31) is different with a common fit. Therefore, it is possible to easily perform the structural calculation of the wall body 3 having only different heights. For example, by creating in advance a formula for structural calculation using the height (number of steps) of the block 31 as a variable, it is possible to easily perform structural calculation simply by applying the height (number of steps) to the created formula. . Moreover, since the vertical streak 32 is arrange | positioned in the vertical hole 31a of the block 31, the intensity | strength of the wall 3 can be improved.

The second floor 6 of the masonry building 1 is supported by a support member 60 provided on the indoor side surface of the wall 3. In this case, the height position of the second floor 6 can be easily changed only by changing the height position where the support member 60 is provided.

The support member 60 extends from the horizontal piece 61 inserted into the horizontal joint between the blocks 31 toward the indoor side via the connecting piece 62. In this case, the height position of the second floor 6 can be easily changed simply by changing the height position at which the horizontal piece 61 is inserted into the horizontal joint between the blocks 31. Further, since the horizontal piece 61 is fastened to the vertical bar 32, the second floor 6 can be firmly fixed to the wall 3.

A masonry unit 30 that functions as a magsa is bridged over the wall opening 3e provided in the wall 3. The masonry unit 30 that functions as a magsa may be configured by a magsa block having the same shape as the block 31 and a bending strength greater than that of the block 31. In this case, the magusa portion can also have the same finish as the other wall portions, and the masonry building 1 can be made using the texture.

The ceiling surface opening R provided on the surface including the upper end of the wall 3 is covered with the roof 4 supported by the upper end of the wall 3. The wall body 3 is a cantilever structure having a fixed end on the foundation 2 side and a free end on the upper end side. For this reason, even if it has the ceiling surface opening R in the surface including the upper end of the wall 3, structural safety can be maintained. Note that the fixed end means an end portion that is not easily shaken when subjected to a horizontal force and is firmly fixed, and the free end is an end provided in such a manner as to allow the shake when subjected to a horizontal force. Part. In the present embodiment, the lower end of the wall body 3 is a fixed end fixed to the foundation 2, and the upper end is covered with the roof 4, but is a free end because it is provided in a manner that allows shaking.

A groove 31 d extending along the extending direction of the upper end surface of the wall 3 is provided on the upper surface of the upper end block 31 </ b> A located at the top of the wall 3. A girder 50 is disposed in the groove 31d. The girder 50 is fixed to the wall 3 by a grout G2 filled in the groove 31d while being kept horizontal by the level adjusting piece 51. In this way, the roof 4 can be constructed with high accuracy by providing the girder 50 on the upper end surface of the wall 3 that is likely to have uneven heights. The girder 50 also has a function of maintaining the integrity of the wall bodies 3 in the same plane.

Inside the wall body 3 is provided a wiring hole 3f for electrical wiring that communicates in the vertical direction. In this case, by providing the lateral hole 31e communicating with the wiring hole 3f at the desired height position of the wall 3, the cable 55 in the wiring hole 3f can be pulled out from the lateral hole 31e. For example, when wiring the cable 55 for a switch or outlet, the cable 55 is inserted into the wiring hole 3f, the cable is sent downward, and the cable 55 passing through the wiring hole 3f is extracted from the lateral hole 31e. Complete. Thus, since the inner peripheral surface of the wiring hole 3f serves as a guide when the cable 55 is sent, wiring work can be performed easily and accurately. Moreover, since the horizontal hole 31e can be provided in a desired height position, the height of a switch or an outlet can be set freely.

The lower end position of the first floor 7 is higher than the lower end position of the wall 3, and the wiring hole 3 f extends to a position below the lower end position of the first floor 7. In this case, by providing the horizontal hole 31e in the vicinity of the lower end position of the wall 3, the underfloor space of the first floor 7 and the wiring hole 3f can be communicated with each other via the horizontal hole 31e. The space can be used as a space for laterally pulling the cable 55.

The embodiments of one aspect of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, the second floor 6 is not limited to the structure supported using the support member 60 shown in FIG. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, you may support the edge part of the 2nd floor floor beam 63 of the 2nd floor 6 by the wide block (support member) 31B. The wide block 31B has a portion that is wider (thickness) than the block 31 stacked on the upper side of the wide block 31B and protrudes more indoors than the block 31 stacked on the upper side. The end of the second-floor floor beam 63 of the second-floor 6 is supported by the portion of the wide block 31B that protrudes to the indoor side. Similar to the above embodiment, the structural plywood 64 and the floor finishing material 65 are installed on the upper surface of the second-floor floor beam 63. The wide block 31B is formed using the same material as the block 31 and the like. By supporting the second floor 6 using the wide block 31B, the height position of the second floor 6 can be easily changed only by changing the height position where the wide block 31B is stacked. Furthermore, by using the wide block 31B, the wide block 31B does not become a thermal bridge, and the masonry building 1 excellent in heat can be obtained.

Further, like the masonry building 1A shown in FIG. 16, the second-floor beam 63 of the second-floor 6 may be supported by the pillars 8 erected on the bottom plate portion 2b of the foundation 2. The column 8 is not limited to be erected on the bottom plate portion 2 b of the foundation 2, and may be erected on the first floor 7. In these cases, the height and weight of the second floor 6 do not affect the structural calculation of the wall 3.

The

masonry building

1, 1A is not limited to the roof 4 being formed using the roof beam 41 and the structural plywood 42 installed on the roof beam 41 as shown in FIG. For example, the

masonry buildings

1 and 1A may be configured such that the girder 50 supports the hut assembly. In this case, the space below the upper end of the wall 3 (in the example of FIG. 1, the indoor space on the second floor) may communicate with the space in the hut assembly. Thereby, a wide indoor space can be secured. The hut assembly may be a hut assembly for forming an inclined roof, or a shed assembly for forming a substantially flat roof. Further, the hut assembly may be made of either wood or metal.

The wall 3 is not limited to being formed by stacking the blocks 31. For example, the wall 3 may be formed of a plate or the like. Even in the case of the wall body 3 formed of a plate or the like, as in the embodiment, the base body 2 side of the wall body 3 is a fixed end and the upper end side of the wall body 3 is a free end. Confirmation of structural safety of buildings (structural calculation) can be performed. Further, even for the wall body 3 formed of a plate or the like, it is possible to secure strength capable of resisting the load acting on the divided area for each divided area virtually divided into a plurality of parts in plan view. it can. Thereby, even if it is the wall body 3 formed with the board etc., intensity | strength required for every division area is securable similarly to embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Masonry building (building), 2 ... Foundation, 3 ... Wall, 3a ... 1st wall (divided area), 3b ... 2nd wall (divided area), 3c ... 3rd wall (divided area) ) 3d ... fourth wall (divided region), 3e ... wall opening, 3f ... wiring hole, 4 ... roof, 8 ... pillar, 31 ... block, 31a ... vertical hole, 31d ... groove, 31B ... wide block ( Support member), 32 ... Vertical bars, 50 ... Beam, 51 ... Level adjusting piece, 60 ... Support member, 61 ... Horizontal piece, G1, G2 ... Grout, R ... Ceiling surface opening, S ... Indoor space.

Claims

The basics,
A wall body that stands up from the foundation and surrounds the indoor space in plan view,
The wall is a building that is a cantilever structure having the base side as a fixed end and the upper end side as a free end.
The building according to claim 1, wherein the wall body has a strength capable of resisting a load acting on the divided area for each divided area virtually divided into a plurality of parts in plan view.
The building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wall body is constituted by stacked blocks and vertical bars that pass through vertical holes formed in the blocks.
Has at least two or more levels,
Further comprising a support member for supporting the upper floor located above the lowest floor;
The building according to claim 3, wherein the support member is provided on a surface on the indoor side of the wall body.
The support member extends from the plate-like horizontal piece inserted into the horizontal joint between the blocks toward the indoor side,
The building according to claim 4, wherein the horizontal piece is fastened to the vertical bar.
Has at least two or more levels,
Further comprising a support member for supporting the upper floor located above the lowest floor;
The support member is constituted by the block that forms the wall body,
The said block which comprises the said support member consists of a wide block which has a site | part which protruded in the indoor side rather than the said block stacked on the upper side wider than the said block stacked on the upper side. Listed in the building.
The wall body is provided with a rectangular wall opening formed by separating the blocks adjacent in the lateral direction,
The building according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein a magsa made of a magsa block having the same shape as the block and a bending strength greater than that of the block is bridged over the wall opening. .
Has at least two or more levels,
It further includes a column that supports the upper floor located above the lower floor,
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pillar is erected on the foundation or is erected on the floor of the lowest floor.
The surface including the upper end of the wall body is provided with a ceiling surface opening,
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the ceiling surface opening is covered by a roof supported by an upper end of the wall body.
The upper end surface of the wall body is provided with a groove extending along the extending direction of the upper end surface of the wall body,
In the groove, a girder supporting the roof is arranged,
The building according to claim 9, wherein the girder is fixed to the wall body by a grout filled in the groove while being kept horizontal by a level adjusting piece provided inside the groove.
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a wiring hole for electric wiring communicating in a vertical direction is provided inside the wall body.
The lower end position of the first floor is higher than the lower end position of the wall body,
The building according to claim 11, wherein the wiring hole extends to a position below a lower end position of the first floor.