WO2016201924A1 - 一种便携式植物营养水平的检测装置 - Google Patents

一种便携式植物营养水平的检测装置 Download PDF

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WO2016201924A1
WO2016201924A1 PCT/CN2015/096782 CN2015096782W WO2016201924A1 WO 2016201924 A1 WO2016201924 A1 WO 2016201924A1 CN 2015096782 W CN2015096782 W CN 2015096782W WO 2016201924 A1 WO2016201924 A1 WO 2016201924A1
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pulley
rotating shaft
transmission shaft
processing circuit
signal processing
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French (fr)
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左志宇
吕天远
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to GB1619956.4A priority Critical patent/GB2541824B/en
Priority to US15/318,931 priority patent/US9970918B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/4035—Combination of a single ion-sensing electrode and a single reference electrode
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0098—Plants or trees

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  • the invention relates to a device for detecting the nutritional level of a portable plant, in particular to a device for detecting the level of nitrate and nitrogen in a portable plant.
  • Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for growth and metabolism in plants. Nitrogen is a component of many important organic compounds in plants, including proteins, chlorophyll, nucleic acids and various biological enzymes. Therefore, the loss and over-application of nitrate can lead to crop yield. decline.
  • Patent No. 200510088935.0 discloses a non-destructive testing method and measuring instrument for nitrogen and moisture content of portable plants, which is to calculate the plant nutrient level by detecting the transmittance of light to fresh leaves, but the instrument cost is high.
  • Patent No. 201310164638.4 discloses a high-spectrum identification method for rapid and non-destructive high accuracy of nitrogen deficiency in plant leaves, and the system is also relatively large, and it is impossible to detect crop nutrient levels in real time.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a portable plant nutrient level detecting device to reduce the detection cost and ensure the real-time detection to improve the accuracy of detection.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a portable plant nutrient level detecting device comprises an outer casing and a detecting circuit, characterized in that:
  • the outer casing is composed of a transmission shaft A (1), a pulley A (2), an electrode holder (3), an upper plate (19), a recess (4), a belt (5), a pulley B (10), and a cam ( 12), the spring (13), the rotating shaft A (15), the rotating shaft B (16), the lower clamping plate (17), the battery casing (18), the transmission shaft B (20);
  • One end of the transmission shaft A (1) is supported at the center of the rear plane of the concave table (4) on the right side of the upper clamp plate (4), and is driven.
  • the other end of the shaft A (1) is connected to the pulley A (2);
  • the transmission shaft A (1) passes through the cam (12), and the cam (12) is fixed to the middle portion of the transmission shaft A (1), and the pulley A (2) Driving the cam (12) through the drive shaft A (1), thereby causing the electrode holder (3) to move up and down;
  • the spring (13) is fixed at one end on the concave surface in the middle of the concave table (4), and the other end is fixed on the electrode holder (3) the center position, the measuring electrode (14) is fixed to the center of the electrode holder (3) through the spring (13);
  • the pulley A (2) is connected to the pulley B (10) through a belt (5); the pulley B (10) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft B (16), and the rotating shaft B (16) is fixed to the left side of the lower clamping plate (17), the rotating shaft
  • the circular section of B (16) coincides with the front surface of the lower plate (17), the other end of the circular section of the rotating shaft B (16) is nested with the rotating shaft A (15), and the other end of the rotating shaft A (15) is fixed to the upper clamping plate ( On the left side of 19), when the upper clamping plate (19) rotates, the transmission shaft B (20) is rotated by the rotating shaft A (15), thereby driving the pulley B (10) to rotate, and the pulley B (10) drives the pulley through the belt (5).
  • the detecting circuit is composed of a display screen (6), a matrix keyboard (8), a signal processing circuit (7), a battery (9), a power module (11), and a measuring electrode (14);
  • the input end of the signal processing circuit (7) in the detecting circuit is connected in parallel with the nitrate ion signal line and the reference signal line extended by the measuring electrode (14), and the output end of the signal processing circuit (7) and the display screen (6)
  • the input terminal is connected;
  • the matrix keyboard (8) is connected to the input end of the signal processing circuit (7);
  • the signal processing circuit (7) integrates a filter circuit, an analog/digital converter, and a single chip processing circuit;
  • the battery (9) consists of two No. 5 1.5Vs, and the working voltage is provided by the power module (11) for the keyboard (8), the display screen (6) and the signal processing circuit (7).
  • the outer casing further includes a protection hole (21) located 3 cm away from the right boundary of the lower plate (17), internally filled with a sponge, and the measuring electrode (14) extending from the upper plate (19) At the time, the tapered end of the measuring electrode (14) faces the center of the protective hole (21).
  • the invention has an integrated circuit design, and the parallel structure of the double-tube glass microelectrode of the measuring electrode can only detect one ion concentration at a time, thereby greatly reducing the complexity of the circuit and thereby reducing the detection level of the portable plant nutrient level. Volume and cost, real-time non-destructive measurement of nitrate ion concentration in crop leaves, thus improving the accuracy of detection.
  • the invention can move the measuring electrode up and down by the pulley A, the pulley B, the belt, the cam and the spring structure, and the measuring electrode extends the upper clamping plate when detecting the crop blade, and the inside of the upper clamping plate is retracted after the detection, thereby greatly reducing the measuring electrode.
  • the probability of damage reduces the cost of detection while making it more secure.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a measuring electrode and a cam portion of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an overall structural view of the present invention.
  • a portable plant nutrient level detecting device of the present invention comprises a measuring electrode 14 of a parallel double-tube glass microelectrode structure, and the lower end of each glass microelectrode of the measuring electrode 14 is tapered and arranged in close parallel Fixed together.
  • the inner walls of the two microglass tubes were subjected to conventional silanization treatment, and the microelectrodes were continuously baked in an oven at a temperature of 150 ° C for 60 minutes to 120 minutes.
  • the first micro-glass tube cone end with a nitrate ion sensitive agent with a liquid column length of 0.5 mm, and then fill it with a nitrate ion with a liquid column length of 25 mm; then the nitrate ion signal line One end is inserted into the nitrate ion inner filling liquid, and the other end is extended to the micro glass tube and fixed at the nozzle with a sealant.
  • the nitrate ion sensitizer is Ammonium ionophore I cocktail A of Sigma-Aldrich Company, and the ammonium ion sensitizer is Nitrate ionophore-ocktail A of Sigma-Aldrich Company.
  • the three micro glass tubes are a single tube micro glass tube of Hilgenberg, the nitrate ion ion filling solution is a mixed solution of 50 mM KNO3; the reference internal liquid is 200 mM KCl solution; the ammonium ion inner filling is 50 mM KCl solution;
  • the nitrate ion signal line, the reference signal line, and the ammonium ion signal line are AgCl wires prepared by a conventional plating method using a silver wire having a purity of 99% and a diameter of 0.3 mm.
  • the outer casing is composed of a transmission shaft A1, a pulley A2, an electrode holder 3, an upper clamping plate 19, a recessed table 4, a belt 5, a pulley B10, a cam 12, a spring 13, and a rotating shaft.
  • the detecting circuit comprises a display screen 6, a matrix keyboard 8, a signal processing circuit 7, a battery 9, a power module 11, and a measuring electrode 14 composition.
  • One end of the transmission shaft A1 is supported at a central position of the rear plane of the concave table 4 on the right side of the upper clamp plate 4, the other end of the transmission shaft A1 is connected with the pulley A2, and the cam 12 is fixed with the transmission shaft A1; the transmission shaft A1 passes through Cam 12.
  • One end of the spring 13 is fixed on the concave surface in the middle of the concave table 4, the other end is fixed at the center position of the electrode holder 3, and the measuring electrode 14 is fixed to the center position of the electrode holder 3 through the spring 13; the pulley A2 passes through the belt 5 and The pulley B10 is connected; the pulley B10 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft B16, the rotating shaft B16 is fixed to the left side of the lower clamping plate 17, the circular cross section of the rotating shaft B16 is coincident with the front surface of the lower clamping plate 17, and the other end of the circular cross section of the rotating shaft B16 is nested with the rotating shaft A15. The other end of the rotating shaft A15 is fixed on the left side of the upper clamping plate 19.
  • the rotating shaft A15 drives the transmission shaft B20 to rotate, thereby driving the pulley B10 to rotate, and the pulley B10 drives the pulley A2 through the belt 5.
  • the nitrate ion signal line and the reference signal line extending from the measuring electrode 14 in the detecting circuit are connected in parallel to the input end of the signal processing circuit 7, and the output end of the signal processing circuit 7 is connected to the input end of the display screen 6;
  • the matrix keyboard 8 is connected to the input end of the signal processing circuit 7;
  • the signal processing circuit 7 integrates a filter circuit, an analog-to-digital converter and a single-chip processing circuit;
  • the battery 9 is composed of two pieces of No. 5 1.5V,
  • the power module 11 is a keyboard 8, and the display screen 6 and the signal processing circuit 7 provide an operating voltage.
  • the to-be-detected portion of the blade is laid directly above the protection hole 21, and the upper clamping plate 19 is slowly closed.
  • the transmission shaft B20 is rotated by the rotating shaft A15, thereby driving the pulley B10 to rotate clockwise, and the pulley B10 passes the belt.
  • the pulley A2 rotates through the transmission shaft A1 to drive the cam 12 to rotate, the cam 12 rotates and presses the electrode holder 3, causing the electrode holder 3 to vertically move downward with the upper clamping plate 19, and the measuring electrode 14 extends out of the upper clamping plate 19 , pierce the part of the blade to be tested.
  • the nitrate ion can be attached to the nitrate ion signal line through the nitrate ion sensitizer, and the nitrate ion is not present on the reference signal line, so the nitrate ion signal line and A potential difference is generated between the reference signal lines.
  • the potential difference signal is transmitted to the input terminal of the signal processing circuit 7, and the signal processing circuit 7 processes the signal to obtain the concentration of the nitrate ions, thereby obtaining the concentration of the nitrate nitrogen, and sending the concentration to the display screen 6.
  • the upper clamping plate 19 is lifted, and the rotating shaft A15 drives the transmission shaft B20 to rotate, thereby driving the pulley B10 to rotate counterclockwise, the pulley B10 drives the pulley A2 to rotate, thereby causing the cam 12 to rotate, and the electrode holder 3 rises under the reaction force of the spring 13, The measuring electrode 14 is retracted inside the upper clamping plate 19.

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Abstract

一种便携式植物营养水平的检测装置，由外部壳体和检测电路组成，所述外部壳体主要包括皮带轮（2，10），凸轮（12）以及上下夹板（19，17）等部分，检测电路在外部壳体内部，主要实现电信号的处理和显示功能。便携式植物营养水平检测装置可以用于分析作物体内营养元素是否缺失或过量，以此作为精确施肥的依据，装置检测成本低，实时性高，体积小，易于携带。

Description

一种便携式植物营养水平的检测装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种便携式植物营养水平的检测装置，特别是涉及便携式植物体内硝氮营养水平的检测装置。
背景技术
硝氮是植物体内生长代谢必不可少的营养元素，氮是植物体内许多重要有机化合物的成份，包括蛋白质、叶绿素、核酸以及多种生物酶，因此硝氮的缺失和过分施用都会导致作物产量的下降。
现有分析植物硝氮的方法很多，如蒸馏法、扩散法以及浓硫酸硝煮法等。虽然上述方法检测精度较高，但是其耗时比较长，实验成本较高，且其对于植物而言有着不可修复性的毁坏效果。
离子微电极可以快速精确检测作物体内硝氮的营养水平，通过检测植物体内的硝酸根离子的浓度可以分析硝氮的含量。专利号200510088935.0公布一种便携式植物氮素和水分含量的无损检测方法及测量仪器，其是通过检测光对鲜叶片的透过率来计算植物营养水平，但是其仪器成本较高。专利号201310164638.4公开了一种基于高光谱的植物叶片氮素丰缺快速无损高准确率的鉴别方法，同样其系统较为庞大，无法实时实地的检测作物营养水平。Sutter公司2012年研发了一种离子微电极检测系统，但是其系统比较庞大，不利于实时活体无损检测作物离子浓度，并且因为其微电极裸露在外，微电极锥端极易受损且十分不安全，极大地增加了检测成本。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种便携式植物营养水平的检测装置，以降低检测成本、确保检测的实时性以提高检测的准确性。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取以下技术方案：
一种便携式植物营养水平的检测装置，包括外部壳体和检测电路，其特征在于：
所述外部壳体由传动轴A(1)、皮带轮A(2)、电极支架(3)、上夹板(19)、凹台(4)、皮带(5)、皮带轮B(10)、凸轮(12)，弹簧(13)、转轴A(15)、转轴B(16)、下夹板(17)、电池外壳(18)、传动轴B(20)组成；
所述传动轴A(1)一端支撑在上夹板(4)右侧凹台(4)后平面的中心位置，传动 轴A(1)另一端与皮带轮A(2)连接；所述传动轴A(1)穿过凸轮(12)，凸轮(12)固定于传动轴A(1)的中间部位，皮带轮A(2)通过传动轴A(1)带动凸轮(12)转动，进而引起电极支架(3)上下移动；所述弹簧(13)一端固定在凹台(4)中间的凹面上，另一端固定在电极支架(3)的中心位置，测量电极(14)穿过弹簧(13)固定在电极支架(3)的中心位置；
所述皮带轮A(2)通过皮带(5)与皮带轮B(10)相连；皮带轮B(10)与转轴B(16)固定相连，转轴B(16)固定在下夹板(17)的左侧，转轴B(16)的圆截面与下夹板(17)的正面的重合，转轴B(16)圆截面的另一端与转轴A(15)嵌套相连，转轴A(15)另一端固定在上夹板(19)的左侧，上夹板(19)转动时，通过转轴A(15)带动传动轴B(20)转动，进而带动皮带轮B(10)转动，皮带轮B(10)通过皮带(5)带动皮带轮A(2)转动；
所述检测电路由显示屏(6)、矩阵键盘(8)、信号处理电路(7)、电池(9)、电源模块(11)、测量电极(14)组成；
所述检测电路中信号处理电路(7)的输入端与测量电极(14)伸出的硝酸根离子信号线以及参比信号线并行连接，信号处理电路(7)的输出端与显示屏(6)的输入端连接；所述矩阵键盘(8)与信号处理电路(7)的输入端连接；所述信号处理电路(7)集成了滤波电路、模/数转换器以及单片机处理电路；所述电池(9)由两块5号1.5V组成，通过电源模块(11)为键盘(8)，显示屏(6)和信号处理电路(7)提供工作电压。
所述的外部壳体还包括保护孔(21)，所述的保护孔(21)位于距离下夹板(17)右边界3cm处，内部填充海绵，测量电极(14)伸出上夹板(19)时，测量电极(14)的锥端正对保护孔(21)的中心。本发明由于采取以上技术方案，其具有以下优点：
1、本发明通过集成化的电路设计，并且测量电极的双管玻璃微电极并行结构每次只能检测一种离子浓度，大大降低了电路的复杂程度从而降低了便携式植物营养水平的检测装置的体积和成本，可以实时对作物叶片的硝酸根离子浓度进行活体无损测量，进而提高了检测的准确性。
2、本发明通过皮带轮A、皮带轮B、皮带、凸轮以及弹簧结构可使测量电极上下移动，测量电极在检测作物叶片时才伸出上夹板，检测结束即收回上夹板内部，大大减少了测量电极受损的概率从而降低了检测成本，同时更加安全。
附图说明
图1为本发明的正视图；
图2为本发明的测量电极和凸轮部分的结构简图。
图3为本发明的整体结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的进行详细的描述。
本发明一种便携式植物营养水平的检测装置包括一个并行双管玻璃微电极结构的测量电极14，测量电极14的每根玻璃微电极的下端拉制成锥形，并将其紧密的平行排列在一起固定。对两根微玻璃管的内壁均进行常规硅烷化处理，并用烘箱在150℃温度下连续烘烤微电极60分钟～120分钟。首先，在第一根微玻璃管锥端充入液柱长度为0.5mm的硝酸根离子敏感剂，然后充入液柱长度为25mm的硝酸根离子内充液；再将硝酸根离子信号线的一端插入硝酸根离子内充液中，另一端伸出微玻璃管并在管口用密封胶固定。在另一根微玻璃管锥端充入液柱长度为30mm的参比信号内充液；再将参比信号线的一端插入参比内充液中，另一端伸出微玻璃管并在管口用密封胶固定。
其中，硝酸根离子敏感剂为Sigma-Aldrich公司的Ammonium ionophore I cocktail A，铵根离子敏感剂为Sigma-Aldrich公司的Nitrate ionophore-ocktail A。三根微玻璃管为Hilgenberg公司的单管微玻璃管，硝酸根离子内充液为50mM的KNO3的混合溶液；参比内充液为200mM的KCl溶液；铵根离子内充液为50mM的KCl溶液；硝酸根离子信号线、参比信号线、铵根离子信号线均使用纯度99％、直径为0.3mm的银线用常规电镀方法制成的AgCl丝。
如图1、图2和图3所示，所述外部壳体由传动轴A1、皮带轮A2、电极支架3、上夹板19、凹台4、皮带5、皮带轮B10、凸轮12，弹簧13、转轴A15、转轴B16、下夹板17、电池外壳18、传动轴B20、保护孔21组成；所述检测电路由显示屏6、矩阵键盘8、信号处理电路7、电池9、电源模块11、测量电极14组成。
所述传动轴A1一端支撑在上夹板4右侧凹台4后平面的中心位置，传动轴A1另一端与皮带轮A2连接，并且凸轮12与传动轴A1固定在一起；所述传动轴A1穿过凸轮12。所述弹簧13一端固定在凹台4中间的凹面上，另一端固定在电极支架3的中心位置，测量电极14穿过弹簧13固定在电极支架3的中心位置；所述皮带轮A2通过皮带5与皮带轮B10相连；皮带轮B10与转轴B16固定相连，转轴B16固定在下夹板17的左侧，转轴B16的圆截面与下夹板17的正面的重合，转轴B16圆截面的另一端与转轴A15嵌套相连，转轴A15另一端固定在上夹板19的左侧，上夹板19转动时，通过转轴A15带动传动轴B20转动，进而带动皮带轮B10转动，皮带轮B10通过皮带5带动皮带轮A2 转动；所述检测电路中测量电极14伸出的硝酸根离子信号线以及参比信号线并行接到信号处理电路7的输入端，信号处理电路7的输出端接到显示屏6的输入端；所述矩阵键盘8连接到信号处理电路7的输入端；所述信号处理电路7集成了滤波电路、模/数转换器以及单片机处理电路；所述电池9由两块5号1.5V组成，通过电源模块11为键盘8，显示屏6和信号处理电路7提供工作电压。
检测时，将叶片的待检测部位平铺在保护孔21的正上方，缓缓合上上夹板19，此时通过转轴A15带动传动轴B20转动，进而带动皮带轮B10顺时针转动，皮带轮B10通过皮带5带动皮带轮A2顺时针转动，皮带轮A2转动通过传动轴A1带动凸轮12转动，凸轮12转动挤压电极支架3，导致电极支架3垂直与上夹板19向下移动，测量电极14伸出上夹板19，刺入叶片的待检测部位。
此时，因为硝酸根离子敏感剂的作用，硝酸根离子可以透过硝酸根离子敏感剂附着在硝酸根离子信号线上，而参比信号线上无硝酸根离子，所以硝酸根离子信号线与参比信号线之间产生电势差。将该电势差信号传递给信号处理电路7的输入端，信号处理电路7对该信号进行处理，得到硝酸根离子的浓度，进而得到硝氮的浓度，将该浓度送到显示屏6显示。
检测结束，上夹板19抬起，转轴A15带动传动轴B20转动，进而带动皮带轮B10逆时针转动，皮带轮B10带动皮带轮A2转动，进而引起凸轮12转动，电极支架3在弹簧13的反作用力下上升，测量电极14收回上夹板19内部。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种便携式植物营养水平的检测装置，包括外部壳体和检测电路，其特征在于：
    所述外部壳体由传动轴A(1)、皮带轮A(2)、电极支架(3)、上夹板(19)、凹台(4)、皮带(5)、皮带轮B(10)、凸轮(12)，弹簧(13)、转轴A(15)、转轴B(16)、下夹板(17)、电池外壳(18)、传动轴B(20)组成；
    所述传动轴A(1)一端支撑在上夹板(4)右侧凹台(4)后平面的中心位置，传动轴A(1)另一端与皮带轮A(2)连接；所述传动轴A(1)穿过凸轮(12)，凸轮(12)固定于传动轴A(1)的中间部位，皮带轮A(2)通过传动轴A(1)带动凸轮(12)转动，进而引起电极支架(3)上下移动；所述弹簧(13)一端固定在凹台(4)中间的凹面上，另一端固定在电极支架(3)的中心位置，测量电极(14)穿过弹簧(13)固定在电极支架(3)的中心位置；
    所述皮带轮A(2)通过皮带(5)与皮带轮B(10)相连；皮带轮B(10)与转轴B(16)固定相连，转轴B(16)固定在下夹板(17)的左侧，转轴B(16)的圆截面与下夹板(17)的正面的重合，转轴B(16)圆截面的另一端与转轴A(15)嵌套相连，转轴A(15)另一端固定在上夹板(19)的左侧，上夹板(19)转动时，通过转轴A(15)带动传动轴B(20)转动，进而带动皮带轮B(10)转动，皮带轮B(10)通过皮带(5)带动皮带轮A(2)转动；
    所述检测电路由显示屏(6)、矩阵键盘(8)、信号处理电路(7)、电池(9)、电源模块(11)、测量电极(14)组成；
    所述检测电路中信号处理电路(7)的输入端与测量电极(14)伸出的硝酸根离子信号线以及参比信号线并行连接，信号处理电路(7)的输出端与显示屏(6)的输入端连接；所述矩阵键盘(8)与信号处理电路(7)的输入端连接；所述信号处理电路(7)集成了滤波电路、模/数转换器以及单片机处理电路；所述电池(9)由两块5号1.5V组成，通过电源模块(11)为键盘(8)，显示屏(6)和信号处理电路(7)提供工作电压。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种便携式植物营养水平的检测装置，其特征在于：所述的外部壳体还包括保护孔(21)，所述的保护孔(21)位于距离下夹板(17)右边界3cm处，内部填充海绵，测量电极(14)伸出上夹板(19)时，测量电极(14)的锥端正对保护孔(21)的中心。
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