WO2016198397A1 - Procédé et dispositif de détection d'endommagements dans un moyen de support allongé de type câble d'une installation d'ascenseur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de détection d'endommagements dans un moyen de support allongé de type câble d'une installation d'ascenseur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016198397A1
WO2016198397A1 PCT/EP2016/062893 EP2016062893W WO2016198397A1 WO 2016198397 A1 WO2016198397 A1 WO 2016198397A1 EP 2016062893 W EP2016062893 W EP 2016062893W WO 2016198397 A1 WO2016198397 A1 WO 2016198397A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waves
coupled
support means
mechanical
damage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/062893
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andrea CAMBRUZZI
Original Assignee
Inventio Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inventio Ag filed Critical Inventio Ag
Publication of WO2016198397A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016198397A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
    • B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
    • B66B7/1207—Checking means
    • B66B7/1215—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for detecting damage in an elongated rope-like suspension means, such as a carrying cable or a carrying strap of an elevator installation.
  • Elevator systems typically have at least one cabin, which can be moved between floors.
  • the cabin is generally moved along a lift shaft by means of a rope-type suspension element.
  • a counterweight may be provided, which is also suspended from the suspension means, wherein drive and deflection rollers are provided such that the counterweight moves in the opposite direction to the car.
  • the support means is typically driven by means of a motor driven pulley or drive shaft.
  • the suspension element is usually attached to or with its ends to fixing devices within the hoistway.
  • the suspension element In the course of operation of the elevator system, the suspension element is repeatedly bent and / or counterbalanced, for example, by repeated deflection on deflection rollers or the traction sheave, and thus subjected to high mechanical loads.
  • damage within the suspension element In order to be able to reliably prevent, for example, tearing or breaking of the suspension element due to such mechanical loads and thus possibly associated crashes of the cabin, damage within the suspension element must be detected in a timely and reliable manner.
  • WO 2014/130029 A1 describes a method for detecting damage in a belt or rope in which at least a part of the belt or rope is exposed to an alternating electrical voltage and an electrical impedance in the part of the belt or rope is measured on the basis of damage states in the belt or rope can be deduced.
  • a method for detecting damage in an elongated cable-like suspension element of an elevator installation which comprises the following steps: First, mechanical waves are coupled into the suspension element. Subsequently, portions of the coupled waves are detected after they have passed through at least parts of the support means.
  • an apparatus for detecting damage in an elongate rope-like suspension means of an elevator installation comprises a vibration generator for coupling mechanical waves in the suspension means, a detector for detecting portions of
  • the device may be configured to carry out a method according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Elevator system monitored and damage detected in this support means in time.
  • mechanical waves are mechanically coupled to a first region of the suspension element, for example at or near one end of the suspension element, in the suspension element.
  • a vibration generator can be provided which generates mechanical vibrations and couples these directly into the suspension element or indirectly via components connected to the suspension element into the suspension element.
  • the vibration generator for example, a Piezokri stal 1- have actuator, by means of which mechanical vibrations can be generated by applying an electrical AC voltage.
  • the detector can likewise be arranged on the first region of the suspension element. Alternatively, the detector may be on another, be arranged second region of the support means.
  • the detector may, for example, a
  • the detector may have a piezoelectric crystal, which is set in vibration by the incoming mechanical vibrations and thereby generates corresponding alternating electrical voltages and outputs them as detection signals.
  • a signal processor can process the signals from the detector and compare them, for example, with signals which indicate properties of the originally coupled-in waves. Alternatively or additionally, comparisons with earlier measurements, with reference measurements or with calibration measurements can be used to analyze the detection signals. This can ultimately damage the rope-like support means
  • Influences which can cause a change in the acoustic impedance include properties of the medium within which the mechanical waves move, obstacles, transitions to other propagation media and, for example, adjacent objects, surfaces or areas with specific acoustic properties. It has been recognized that properties of mechanical waves propagating within the suspension element can significantly change after passing through the suspension element, in particular even with minor damage within the suspension element. This may possibly be due to the fact that, in contrast to electrical conduction, conduction of mechanical waves in a case of local interruptions within the carrier medium may be associated with very high contact impedances. In other words, even minor cracks or cracks within the rope-like suspension means can cause the coupled and propagating in the support means mechanical waves to the fractures or cracks
  • broken areas of the suspension means behave differently than if such breaks or cracks would not exist.
  • a propagation of the mechanical waves in a longitudinal direction of the elongate support means in the region of such fractures or cracks can be inhibited and it leads to an increased damping and / or to a partial reflection of mechanical waves due to a sudden change in the acoustic impedance in the region of the cracks come.
  • the mechanical waves can be coupled in as longitudinal waves.
  • Such longitudinal mechanical waves are sometimes referred to as P-waves or longitudinal waves.
  • longitudinal waves are sometimes referred to as P-waves or longitudinal waves.
  • Mechanical waves are physical waves in which a
  • Vibration direction coincides with a direction of propagation of the wave, that is, swing in the direction of propagation.
  • longitudinal mechanical waves are particularly well suited to be used within suspension means of an elevator system for the detection of damage.
  • this can be considered to be based on the fact that such longitudinal mechanical waves are as a rule not or at least hardly dispersive.
  • they typically have less interaction with other system components than is the case, for example, with transverse mechanical waves.
  • longitudinal mechanical waves are among other things also particularly well, because such suspension means usually fibers, strands or strands, which absorb the actual mechanical stress, which is to be held by the support means, and which in a surrounding and they protective matrix material are added. Longitudinal mechanical waves can propagate well along the fibers, strands or strands without being attenuated strongly by adjacent matrix material, as would be the case with transverse waves.
  • the mechanical waves are coupled in as ultrasonic waves.
  • Ultrasonic waves have a frequency spectrum which is above the typical human audible frequencies of sound waves, i.
  • Elevator system to people perceived as disturbing noise.
  • the mechanical waves may be coupled at a frequency in the range of 20 kHz to 1 MHz.
  • mechanical waves with frequencies in lower portions of this frequency range that is, for example, at frequencies between 20 kHz and 100 kHz, have such large wavelengths that extends along a typically few 10 m long suspension means only a single wave train or a few wave trains.
  • the wavelength at such frequencies is greater than or equal to the length of the suspension means.
  • Mechanical waves with such large wavelengths or relatively small frequencies can propagate very well along the suspension means.
  • locally induced variances in the acoustic impedance within the suspension element at such low frequencies typically only lead to a relatively small influence on properties of the detected portions of the mechanical waves.
  • the mechanical waves with a frequency in the range of 1 MHz to 100 MHz, preferably 2 to 10 MHz,
  • a wavelength is typically much shorter than a length of the suspension element, and localized variations in acoustic impedance, such as may be caused by local damage within the suspension element, can have a relatively large impact on properties of the detected portions of the coupled mechanical waves to have.
  • other such high-frequency mechanical waves can be
  • reflected portions of the coupled waves are detected after passing through the suspension means.
  • mechanical waves can be coupled into the suspension element at a position or a region of the suspension element and initially move along the suspension element in one direction, before it then at least partially reflects, for example, areas caused by damage with locally greatly increased acoustic impedance and then run in the opposite direction back through the suspension means.
  • An intensity of reflected portions of mechanical waves can thus represent one of the properties on the basis of which the damage in the suspension element can be deduced.
  • a detector can be arranged near the vibration generator. It is also possible to design a single component to operate both as a vibration generator and as a detector.
  • the mechanical waves may be advantageous to couple the mechanical waves as time-limited pulses and delektieren the shares of the coupled waves after passing through the support means depending on their duration by the support means to then due to the determined duration of detected shares of mechanical rest to a position of damage within the suspension means can be reset.
  • the mechanical waves are not coupled continuously, but as time-limited pulses. Pulse durations may be, for example, in the range of 1 ms to 30 s, preferably in the range of 10 ms to 3 s.
  • the duration of such pulses can be determined by ranges the support means are inferred.
  • a time interval between successive pulses should advantageously be chosen such that back-reflected pulses can be clearly assigned.
  • a time interval between successive pulses should be chosen such that even at maximum transit time of the pulses within the suspension means a reflected portion of a pulse reaches the detector before a next pulse is coupled into the suspension means. This can considerably simplify detection and / or assignment of the pulses or retroreflected components.
  • the waves can be coupled both continuously and in the form of time-limited pulses.
  • a vibration generator for coupling mechanical waves into the suspension element and a detector for detecting transmitted portions of such coupled waves may be arranged at or near the opposite ends of the suspension element.
  • the support means may have a strong tensile load on the core and less resilient to train, surrounding the core jacket. In this case, it may be advantageous to couple the mechanical waves predominantly into the core.
  • the core of the suspension element can thus during the operation of the elevator system, the main load, as it by the attached to the suspension means car and / or the
  • the jacket contributes to the holding of this load not or only inferior, but protects the core, for example, against corrosion or surface damage, for example by a traction sheave.
  • the core of the suspension element can be composed of individual fibers, strands or strands.
  • the core may consist of an electrically conductive, for example, metallic material.
  • an electrically non-conductive material such as plastic fibers, glass fibers or Kevlar fibers can be used.
  • the suspension element is at least at one position on one
  • the suspension element is fixed to a fixing device at least at or near one of its ends.
  • the support means is also at or near both of its opposite ends respectively at one
  • the fixing device may, for example, be a component permanently mounted in the elevator system, such as, for example, a spar fixedly mounted in an elevator shaft or a carrier-medium bearing mounted thereon.
  • vibrations generated by a vibration generator are thus not coupled directly into the suspension element. Instead, the vibration generator first transmits its vibrations to a respective fixing device. From the staggered fixing device corresponding waves are then coupled into the suspension element fixed thereto. A coupling of mechanical vibrations into the suspension element effected in this way can be easily realized. In particular, it can be exploited that for a secure fixation of the support means to the fixing device as a rule, all in the suspension means
  • Vibrations can be easily transferred to all major load-bearing and thus to be monitored for damage core components of the suspension element.
  • coupling of the mechanical waves can take place substantially equally distributed over the plurality of fibers, strands or strands.
  • FIG. 1 shows an elevator installation with a device for detecting damage within an elongate cable-like suspension element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows part of an apparatus for detecting damage within an elongate rope-like suspension means according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an elevator installation 1, in which a car 5 and a counterweight 7 are accommodated in an elevator shaft 3. Both the car 5 and the counterweight 7 are held by a support means 25.
  • the support means 25 may be for example a belt, a rope or the like.
  • the support means 25 may, as indicated in Fig. 2 partially cut away, have a strong tensile train on core 29 and a core 29 surrounding jacket 31.
  • the core 29 may be composed of a plurality of fibers, strands or strands 33, which consist for example of metal or a plastic, in particular in the form of metal wires, glass fibers, carbon fibers or plastic fibers.
  • the jacket can be made of a plastic material, in particular a polymer, and protect the core, for example against corrosion or mechanical wear.
  • the support means 25 is attached at one end to a fixing device 11, which is attached via struts 21 or the like to a wall 23 of the elevator shaft 3. Coming from the fixing device 11, the suspension element 25 initially extends downwards to a pulley mounted on the counterweight 7 and wraps around it
  • the support means 25 extends down again and is held on the car 5.
  • the support means 25 passes under the car 5 through and then back up and holds in this way the car 5.
  • the support means 25 could also enclose the top of the car 5 provided pulleys and the
  • a course and attachment positions and types of attachment of the support means 25 may be configured in other ways.
  • a device 27 for detecting such damage 45 is provided on the elevator installation 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the device 27 has a vibration generator 15, a detector 17 and a signal processor 19.
  • the vibration generator 15 may be designed as a U ltrasch a 11- ing w ngun gsgenerator for generating ultrasonic vibrations.
  • the detector 17 may be designed as an ultrasonic detector.
  • the vibration generator 15 is designed to generate mechanical vibrations to couple them in the form of mechanical shafts 39 in the support means 25.
  • the mechanical vibrations are to be coupled as longitudinal waves 39 in the support means 25.
  • the vibration generator 15 has, for example, a piezoelectric element in which a piezoelectric crystal is produced by applying a suitable alternating electrical voltage for generating mechanical
  • Vibrations can be stimulated.
  • a frequency of the generated mechanical oscillations essentially correlates with a frequency of the applied electrical alternating voltage.
  • An amplitude of mechanical vibrations usually correlates with an amplitude of the applied AC voltage.
  • the frequency and the amplitude of the applied AC voltage can be controlled for example by means of a suitable control device, which in the
  • Swi n g ngsgenerator 15 may be integrated or may be provided as a separate control device.
  • the vibration generator 15 in the illustrated example does not contact the suspension element 25 directly.
  • the vibration generator 15 in the illustrated example does not contact the suspension element 25 directly.
  • Vibration generator 15 generated vibrations reliably and evenly on the damage to be monitored components to be transmitted to the suspension element 25.
  • the vibration generator 15 may therefore be advantageous to bring the vibration generator 15 into mechanical contact with the fixing device 11, so that it transmits its mechanical vibrations to this fixing device 11 and couples the mechanical vibrations via these as mechanical waves into the suspension element 25. It can be advantageously exploited that the support means 25 as a rule anyway on the
  • Fixing device 11 is fixed, that all its the core 29 forming fibers, strands or strands 33 are fixedly connected to the fixing device 11.
  • a fixing device 11 vibrated by means of the vibration generator 15 can easily and uniformly transmit the vibrations to the core 29 of the suspension element 25.
  • a mechanical contact resistance in this case may typically be low, so that an efficient coupling of vibrational energy of the
  • Fixing device 11 can be achieved on the support means 25.
  • the detector 17 is provided at the second fixing device 13, on which the opposite end of the support means 25 is fixed. Using the detector 17 can transmitted portions 43 of the coupled at the other end mechanical shafts 39 are detected after passing through the support means 25.
  • Vibration generator 15 it may also be easy and advantageous for the detector 17 to be in contact with the fixing device 13, and thus only indirectly in
  • Both the vibration generator 15 and the detector 17 may be designed to couple mechanical waves with frequencies in the ultrasonic range, that is above 20 kHz, on the one hand into the suspension element 25 and on the other hand by the
  • the device 27 further has a signal processor 19, which is connected in the illustrated example both with the vibration generator 15 and with the detector 17.
  • the signal processor 19 may receive signals from the detector 17 which provide information about characteristics of the detected portions 43 of the mechanical waves traversed by the support means 25, as detected by the detector 17. Such signals are generally transmitted as electrical signals from the detector 17 to the signal processor 19. In principle, it may also be possible to transmit such signals in other ways, for example as optical signals or in the form of wirelessly transmitted radio signals.
  • the signal processor 19 is further connected to the vibration generator 15 to
  • the signal processor 19 can draw conclusions about damages 45 within the suspension means 25.
  • damage 45 which, for example, in the form of cracks or fractures of one or more in the Support means 25 recorded and its resilient core 29 forming fibers, strands or strands 33 may occur, usually accompanied by a change caused by the damage an acoustic impedance within the transport means 25.
  • Such a local change in the acoustic impedance generally results in mechanical waves coupled into the suspension element 25 and then passing through the suspension element 25 propagating differently in the suspension element 25 than would be the case if no damage 45 existed within the suspension element 25 ,
  • a mechanical shaft passing through the suspension element 25 is increasingly reflected and / or damped in the region of a locally greatly changed acoustic impedance, so that ultimately only a fraction of the originally coupled-in mechanical waves that is reduced compared to the damage-free case
  • the damage in the suspension element 25 can be detected in this case, in particular due to a reduced intensity of the signal generated by the detector 17.
  • Signal processor 19 in response to this output a signal indicating, for example, maintenance personnel on the risk of damage in the support means 25.
  • portions 43 transmitted by the support means 25 are detected by mechanical shafts 39 coupled to the support means 25 at one end at the opposite end of the suspension element 25, as shown in FIG shown
  • Embodiment also reflected portions 41 coupled-in waves 39 are detected after passing through the support means 25.
  • the support means 25 In such a reflection-based embodiment, the
  • End of the support means 25 may be arranged.
  • the support means 25 may be arranged.
  • Vibration generator 15 and the detector 17 are in mechanical contact with the fixing device 11.
  • the vibration generator may induce the fixing device 11 by means of vibrations 37 to couple longitudinal mechanical shafts 39 into the suspension element 25 so that they move in a propagation direction along the suspension element 25.
  • both components 15, 17 may be arranged on the other end of the suspension element 25 or on the fixing device 13, to which this end is fastened.
  • both a vibration generator 15 and a detector 17 are provided at both ends of the suspension element 25 or both fixing devices 1 1, 13 and these are operated, for example, alternately.
  • the vibration generator 15 and the detector 17 may also be formed as a single component in the form of a transceiver 35.
  • the signal processor 19 can analyze signals from the detector 17 which it generates due to reflected portions 41 of the originally coupled mechanical waves 39.
  • lead coupled shafts 39 optionally be inferred to a position of such damage 45 within the suspension element 25.
  • the lead coupled shafts 39 optionally be inferred to a position of such damage 45 within the suspension element 25.
  • Signal processor 19 analyze how long coupled waves 39 need to pass through the support means 25 to a point damaged by the damage 45 and to run back to the detector 17 after their reflection. With the aid of such transit time measurements, it is possible to deduce the position of damage 45 at a known propagation velocity within the suspension element 25.
  • a determination of damage or position determination can be carried out more reliably or more accurately if at both ends of the support means 25 both a
  • Vibration generator 15 and a detector 17 are provided so that damage in the support means 25 coming from two sides can be determined by means of there reflected portions 41 of each coupled mechanical waves 39.
  • vibration generators 15 and detectors 17 additionally transmitted nor shares 43 of coupled waves 39 are detected and analyzed to make a damage detection even more reliable.
  • embodiments of the method and apparatus presented herein allow damage 45 to be reliably detected within the support means 25 using mechanical waves coupled at a position and detected at the same position or position. Already minor damage within the suspension means 25 may due to the typically associated with serious changes in the acoustic
  • Impedance can be reliably detected in the damaged area of the support means 25.

Landscapes

  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif (27) réalisé de manière correspondante pour la détection d'endommagements (45) dans un moyen de support (25) allongé de type câble d'une installation d'ascenseur (1). Le dispositif (27) comprend un générateur de vibrations (15) pour injecter des ondes mécaniques (39) dans le moyen de support (25), un détecteur (17) pour la détection de composantes (41, 43) des ondes injectées (39) après leur passage à travers le moyen de support (25) et un processeur de signaux (19) pour inférer la présence d'endommagements (45) en raison de propriétés des composantes détectées (41, 43) indiquées par des signaux du détecteur (17). Des endommagements (45) à l'intérieur du moyen de support (25) conduisent en général à une modification locale de l'impédance acoustique, laquelle influence une propagation d'ondes mécaniques à travers le moyen de support (25). De ce fait, des composantes (43, 41) amorties ou réfléchies d'ondes mécaniques injectées (39) peuvent être détectées de manière fiable et la détection des moindres endommagements (45) est rendue possible.
PCT/EP2016/062893 2015-06-12 2016-06-07 Procédé et dispositif de détection d'endommagements dans un moyen de support allongé de type câble d'une installation d'ascenseur WO2016198397A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15171885 2015-06-12
EP15171885.5 2015-06-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016198397A1 true WO2016198397A1 (fr) 2016-12-15

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PCT/EP2016/062893 WO2016198397A1 (fr) 2015-06-12 2016-06-07 Procédé et dispositif de détection d'endommagements dans un moyen de support allongé de type câble d'une installation d'ascenseur

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009024452A1 (fr) * 2007-08-17 2009-02-26 Inventio Ag Système d'ascenseur avec dispositif de détection de l'état d'un moyen de suspension et procédé de détection de l'état d'un moyen de suspension

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009024452A1 (fr) * 2007-08-17 2009-02-26 Inventio Ag Système d'ascenseur avec dispositif de détection de l'état d'un moyen de suspension et procédé de détection de l'état d'un moyen de suspension

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