WO2016195113A1 - Dispositif qui détecte des états par radar à ondes stationnaires - Google Patents

Dispositif qui détecte des états par radar à ondes stationnaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016195113A1
WO2016195113A1 PCT/JP2016/066810 JP2016066810W WO2016195113A1 WO 2016195113 A1 WO2016195113 A1 WO 2016195113A1 JP 2016066810 W JP2016066810 W JP 2016066810W WO 2016195113 A1 WO2016195113 A1 WO 2016195113A1
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Prior art keywords
distance
distance spectrum
standing wave
wave
change
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PCT/JP2016/066810
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
光正 齋藤
真輝 齋藤
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株式会社Ｃｑ－Ｓネット
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Publication of WO2016195113A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016195113A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/20—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons for measuring urological functions restricted to the evaluation of the urinary system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
    • G01N22/04—Investigating moisture content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a state detection device using a standing wave radar capable of measuring a distance to a measurement object and detecting a state of moisture or the like of the measurement object.
  • a radio wave is transmitted from a radio wave sensor toward a paved road surface, a reflected wave from a reflection surface is received by the radio wave sensor, and the time from when the radio wave is transmitted until reception is used.
  • Calculate the distance from the sensor to the reflection surface calculate the reflection intensity of the reflected wave, determine the height of the reflection surface from the distance to the reflection surface, and from the reflection intensity, the state of the paved road surface is wet, completed,
  • a system for determining whether it is frozen is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for detecting the danger of a human body using a standing wave radar.
  • a standing wave that is a combined wave of a transmission wave and a reception wave is detected, a distance component is extracted from the frequency distribution to obtain a distance to a measurement target, and a measurement target is calculated from a phase component. Determine the person's breathing rate and pulse rate.
  • Patent Document 1 uses a microwave pulse signal, the distance to the reflecting surface is obtained based on the time from transmission to reception of radio waves.
  • a radio wave sensor is not installed at a high position (for example, 10 m) above the road, a reflected wave cannot be received.
  • a spatial margin is required to install the radio wave sensor at a high position.
  • Patent Document 2 can detect the respiratory rate and pulse of the human body, it cannot detect the moisture change of the measurement object.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and can measure the distance of a measurement object even in a narrow space such as indoors, and can measure a change over time of moisture or the like of the measurement object. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a state detection device using a standing wave radar that can measure distance, moisture, and the like even when there are a plurality of measurement objects close to each other.
  • the state detection device by the standing wave radar according to the first invention of the present application A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength.
  • a standing wave detector for detecting From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, Fourier transform, a distance spectrum calculation unit for obtaining a distance spectrum, Subtracting the distance spectrum at the reference time from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, and obtaining a difference distance spectrum over time, A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum; A determination unit that monitors a change in the amplitude of the difference distance spectrum based on a change in a dielectric constant of the measurement target, and determines a change in a state of moisture or the like in the measurement target based on the change in the amplitude; , It is characterized by having.
  • the standing wave radar state detection device according to the second invention of the present application, A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength.
  • a standing wave detector for detecting From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, and Fourier transform is performed, and a distance spectrum calculation unit that obtains a distance spectrum at a certain sampling time; Subtracting the distance spectrum at the time of previous or predetermined sampling from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, a difference detection unit for obtaining this difference distance spectrum over time, A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum; A determination unit that monitors the change in the amplitude of the difference distance spectrum based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement object, and determines a change in moisture in the measurement object based on the change in the amplitude; It is characterized by having.
  • the distance calculation unit can further determine the minute displacement of the measurement object from the change in the phase of the distance spectrum.
  • a band pass filter that extracts a plurality of signals having center frequencies corresponding to the plurality of peak positions from the difference distance spectrum of the difference detection unit and outputs the signals to the distance calculation unit as a difference distance spectrum may be provided.
  • a case with a translucent cover at least in part An LED light source as a light emitter that is stored in this case and illuminates illumination light to the outside through the cover, In an LED lighting fixture having The standing wave detection unit, the distance spectrum calculation unit, the difference detection unit, the distance calculation unit, and the determination unit may be stored in the case and built in.
  • the presence or absence of urination of the cared person as the measurement object and / or the change in the amount of water in the urination process of the cared person is determined, the drying of the laundry or fish as the suspended measurement object
  • the state may be determined.
  • the apparatus of this invention can be used and the said determination part can also be comprised so that the deterioration degree of oil may be determined based on the change of the dielectric constant of a measuring object.
  • the present invention has a control unit for controlling the frozen state of the food material as a measurement target,
  • the determination unit detects a state immediately before freezing based on a decrease in the moisture content of the food material as a measurement target,
  • the control unit can be configured to control the food material to a non-freezing state when the determination unit detects a state immediately before freezing.
  • control unit can control the frozen state of the food material by irradiating the food material with a radio wave transmitted by the standing wave detection unit and dielectrically heating the food material.
  • the determination unit may determine the presence of a foreign substance in an organ in a human body as a measurement target based on a change in dielectric constant.
  • the said determination part is good also as detecting the change of the water
  • the present invention it is possible to detect the state of the measurement target such as the amount of water or the degree of oil deterioration, along with the distance to the measurement target. For this reason, it is possible to quickly detect a state such as a change in water content, such as detection of a urination state of a care recipient in a care facility. Moreover, the freshness of the food material can be maintained by detecting the state immediately before the freezing of the water content of the food material from the state detection such as a change in water content, and maintaining this state.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a moisture detection apparatus using a standing wave radar according to the present embodiment.
  • the standing wave detection unit 2 is configured as a standing wave radar module, and a 24 GHz high frequency transmission / reception unit 4 is provided in the standing wave radar module.
  • the 24 GHz high frequency transmission / reception unit 4 is a module in which a 24 GHz band VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) and the planar antenna 3 are integrated.
  • the transmitter / receiver 4 transmits the radio wave 1 from the planar antenna 3 by the VCO, and the reflected wave from the reflected object as the measurement target is detected by the antenna 3.
  • the transmitter / receiver 4 includes two detectors 5a and 5b, and the detectors 5a and 5b detect transmission waves and reception waves.
  • the radio wave 1 When the radio wave 1 is transmitted from the antenna 3, if there is a reflecting object, the reflected wave returns to the antenna 3, and waves having the same frequency but different traveling directions overlap to generate a standing wave that is a composite wave.
  • a transmission signal (traveling wave) and a reception signal (reflected wave) are mixed on the line connecting the VCO and the antenna 3 and on the antenna feeding unit, and a standing wave is generated by combining them.
  • the sweep voltage supplied to the VCO since the sweep voltage supplied to the VCO must be kept constant at least until the transmitted radio wave is reflected by the reflected body and returned, the sweep voltage needs to be changed in steps. There is. And the signal level of the mixed wave with respect to several frequencies is detected by detector 5a, 5b by controlling VCO and switching a frequency sequentially.
  • the detectors 5a and 5b detect the power of the transmission wave, the power of the reflected wave, and the component generated by the standing wave.
  • the obtained detection signal is amplified in a necessary band of 400 kHz or less by the operational amplifiers 6 a and 6 b and input to the signal processing unit 8.
  • the signal processing unit 8 configured as a radar control module substrate generates a frequency control voltage that is FM-modulated by the modulation signal generation unit 10. This frequency control voltage is converted into an analog signal by the DA converter 9, and further, this frequency control signal is amplified via the operational amplifier 7 and then input to the control input of the VCO of the 24 GHz high frequency module 4. With this frequency control signal, the VCO sweeps the frequency of the transmitted radio wave.
  • the detection signals amplified by the operational amplifiers 6 a and 6 b are input to the AD conversion unit 11 and then input to the distance spectrum calculation unit 12.
  • the distance spectrum calculation unit 12 removes the DC component from the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit 2 and performs Fourier transform to obtain a distance spectrum.
  • This distance spectrum is input to the difference detection unit 13.
  • the difference detection unit 13 subtracts the distance spectrum at the reference time from the distance spectrum, calculates the difference of the distance spectrum, and obtains the difference distance spectrum over time.
  • the difference distance spectrum is input to the distance calculation unit 14.
  • the distance calculating part 14 calculates
  • the determination part 15 monitors the process in which the amplitude of a difference distance spectrum changes based on the change of the dielectric constant of a measuring object, and determines the change of the water
  • the detection signal is converted into a digital signal by the AD conversion unit 11 and then input to the distance spectrum calculation unit 12.
  • the input signal is a periodic function, and the period is inversely proportional to the distance from the reflected body. Therefore, the frequency which is the reciprocal of the period is obtained by Fourier-transforming the signal. Thus, the distance from this frequency to the object to be reflected can be obtained. Further, it is possible to detect minute displacement information of the reflected object based on the obtained waveform phase. For example, in the case of 24 GHz, the minute displacement is a value obtained by dividing the speed of light by 4 ⁇ f, and a displacement in the range of about ⁇ 3.125 mm can be detected.
  • the signals detected from the detectors 5a and 5b the distance from the reflected object, the velocity and displacement of the reflected object are calculated, and the change with time is measured, thereby reflecting the reflected light. The state of the body can be detected.
  • the determination unit 15 detects a change in moisture to be measured, and the determination result is output to an external alarm device by wired or wireless, and an alarm signal is generated or output to an external display device, and this display is performed. Display on the device.
  • the standing wave is generated by interference between the transmission wave VT generated from the VCO as a signal source and the reflected waves VR1, VR2, VR3,.
  • the standing wave radar detects the amount of moisture to be measured by using the standing wave, and measures the distances d1, d2, d3... Dn to each measurement object.
  • the transmission wave (traveling wave) is expressed by the following mathematical formula 1, where the amplitude of the signal source is A, the frequency is f (t), and the speed of light is c (3 ⁇ 10 8 m / s). However, the frequency f (t) is represented by f0 and fd as shown in FIG.
  • the ratio of the magnitude of the reflected wave to the transmitted wave at an arbitrary point on the x axis is ⁇ k (the magnitude of the reflection coefficient), and the phase difference is ⁇ k (the phase of the reflection coefficient).
  • the reflected wave from the target can be expressed by Equation 2 below.
  • the amplitude Vc is expressed by the following formula 3
  • the power is the square of the amplitude, so the power of the composite wave is expressed by the following formula 4.
  • Equation 5 Since the magnitude of the transmitted wave is orders of magnitude larger than the magnitude of the reflected wave, ⁇ k is extremely smaller than 1. Therefore, substituting Equation 1 and Equation 2 into Equation 4 to obtain approximate values yields Equation 5 below.
  • the first term in ⁇ indicates the power of the transmission wave
  • the second term indicates the power of the reflected wave
  • the third term indicates the change in power due to the standing wave.
  • the conventional radar receives the reflected wave of the second term and performs signal processing.
  • the signal of the third term is processed. Therefore, in order to delete the first item and the second item, the synthesized wave power p (fd, xs) is differentiated by fd, and the first item and the second item are removed.
  • Equation 5 the power of the composite wave is the sum of the fixed value 1 + ⁇ 2 and the periodic function.
  • the frequency of the periodic function (reciprocal of the period) is c / 2d, and a component of distance d is entered. For this reason, if the frequency is obtained from the period, the distance d is obtained.
  • the direct current component 1 + ⁇ 2 is removed from Equation 6 and Fourier transform is performed, a distance spectrum P (x) is obtained as shown in FIG.
  • a 2 f w Equation 8 (1 + ⁇ k 2) Sa (2 ⁇ f w / c) x) is the DC component, the DC component, in the actual circuit, is removed by the capacitor.
  • the distance spectrum P (x) represented by the last equation of Equation 8 is shown in a graph as shown in FIG. Then, the direct current component of the first item in ⁇ of Equation 8 is removed, the third item is removed by converting the cos component into a complex sine wave (analysis signal), and the second item of the standing wave component is removed. Ingredients can be extracted. However, as indicated by a broken line in FIG. 7, the imaginary signal leaks into the component of the second item in ⁇ of Equation 8. That is, the imaginary signal leaks into this portion of the standing wave component.
  • the wavelength of the transmission wave is ⁇ , and is separated by ⁇ / 8.
  • the signal level can be detected at the two points.
  • the antenna receives reflected waves from n targets (n is a natural number, only two in the figure) that are reflected bodies, and this is transmitted along with the transmitted waves.
  • n targets n is a natural number, only two in the figure
  • Equation 9 by detecting the standing wave at two points separated by ⁇ / 8, the standing wave component of the detector output placed at each position (0, ⁇ / 8) A quadrature component of cos and sin is obtained, whereby the virtual image signal can be erased, and the influence of the signal leaking from the virtual image side can be eliminated. That is, this is an analysis signal obtained by a vector synthesized from orthogonal components of cos and sin (X-axis component and Y-axis component). Normally, the imaginary axis side signal cannot be measured, but the imaginary axis side signal can be measured at the position of - ⁇ / 8, and a vector composite signal can be formed. Since the rotational speed of this vector becomes a frequency, in this embodiment, this frequency and phase are analyzed. In addition,
  • P DC on the right side of Equation 12 is a direct current component
  • m (f d ) cos ( ⁇ (f d ) ⁇ 4 ⁇ (f 0 + f d ) / c ⁇ x s ) is a periodically changing standing wave component.
  • the analysis signal from a and b the influence of the unnecessary signal (the signal leaked from the imaginary number side shown in FIG. 7) is removed. Accordingly, by analyzing this value (signal in Equation 13), the component p a (f d, 0) of the object shown in FIG. 9 is obtained.
  • the detected signal intensity varies depending on the magnitude of the reflection coefficient ⁇ k.
  • the change in the reflection coefficient ⁇ k is one of the causes when the intensity changes. That is, a change in signal intensity caused by a change in ⁇ k (a magnitude of the reflection coefficient) of each frequency in the frequency distribution indicates a change in the state of the measurement target.
  • the reflection coefficient ⁇ at the boundary surface between two substances having different dielectric constants is expressed by the following formula 14 where the dielectric constants are ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2.
  • the reflection intensity at the boundary surface is determined by the difference in specific dielectric constant of each medium forming the boundary surface, and the polarity of the reflected waveform is also determined by the relative relationship of the relative dielectric constant. Therefore, the reflection intensity of the radio wave varies depending on the magnitude of the reflection coefficient ⁇ , and the reflection coefficient ⁇ varies depending on the dielectric constant. For example, since water has a high dielectric constant and high radio wave reflection intensity, it can be distinguished from reflection from the skin, and the water film formation status can be determined by the change in reflection intensity, so it is thinly wet. And a thick water film can be distinguished.
  • the dielectric constant (relative dielectric constant) is, for example, 4.2 for water, 1.3-2 for silk, 1.00 for air, 3.0-15.0 for salt, 80 for water, 3-7 for cotton. .5, snow is 3.3, and glass is 3.7 to 10.0. Since water has a high dielectric constant and high radio wave reflection strength, it is possible to distinguish water-containing asphalt or concrete from dry asphalt or concrete, and the formation of a water film due to changes in reflection intensity Therefore, it is possible to distinguish between a thinly wet state and a thick water film. Therefore, in the case of rain observation on the road, it is possible to determine whether the road surface condition is "dry", "wet", or "flooding" by monitoring the change in reflection intensity. It is. It is possible to reset the measurement location when it begins to get wet (before flooding, when it starts to rain), and then monitor and record, and zero adjustment (offset adjustment) is automatically performed when the measurement location starts to get wet. Doing so eliminates the need for regular adjustments.
  • the radio wave sensor since the radio wave sensor uses weak radio waves, it is not necessary to apply for a radio station. In the case of standing wave radar, since it is reflected directly by the human body wrapped in clothes through the clothes and the futon, the surface of the human body is wet even if the futon is applied. Can be detected.
  • FIG. 10A shows the distance spectrum P (x) obtained by the distance spectrum calculation unit 12.
  • the distance spectrum obtained at the specific reference time is set as P 0 (x)
  • the distance spectrum P 0 (x) at the reference time is subtracted from the distance spectrum P (x) obtained at each subsequent sampling time.
  • ⁇ P 0 (x) shown in FIG. 10B is added to the distance spectrum P (x) obtained at each sampling time.
  • 0 signal is obtained from the difference detection part 13 when there is no measuring object containing a water
  • the reference spectrum ⁇ P 0 (x) in FIG. 10B is also added to the distance spectrum at the time of sampling, as shown in FIG. 10E, P (x) ⁇ P 0 (x) A distance spectrum is obtained, in which only the amplitude of the peak intensity due to moisture appears. In this way, the difference detection unit 13 obtains the amplitude of the distance spectrum due to the change of moisture by reducing the influence of the reflection from the measurement target environment by taking the difference of the distance spectrum. Can do.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a true spectrum and an imaginary spectrum of a composite wave.
  • the speed c of the radio wave is about 300,000 km / second.
  • the frequency of the transmitted wave is swept with a 75 MHz width (fw)
  • Equation 8 the phase ⁇ k for the k-th target is obtained as the angle of sin in the first equation of Equation 15 below, and ⁇ k is the initial phase and therefore disappears in the change amount, so the distance d k If the amount of change is ⁇ d k and the amount of change in phase is ⁇ k , the second equation of Equation 14 is obtained, and this is transformed to obtain Equation 16 below.
  • the distance and minute displacement of the reflected body can be measured by analyzing the standing wave obtained by combining the reflected wave from the reflected body with the transmission wave. If this measurement result is grasped over time, the distance, speed, and displacement of the reflector can be measured, and eventually the movement of the reflector can be measured.
  • conventional radars it was difficult to measure distances of 1 to 2 m or less, but according to the present invention, distances can be measured from a close distance close to 0 m to a long distance of 200 m. Further, in the case of the present invention, a minute displacement can be detected, and the relative displacement resolution reaches 0.01 mm.
  • moisture of the measurement target can be detected through clothes, curtains, and the like, and minute fluctuations in the distance to the measurement target can be detected.
  • the measurement principle is to detect moisture by increasing the reflection coefficient ⁇ k expressed by Equation 14 and increasing the peak intensity of the distance spectrum.
  • the peak intensity is observed, it is easy to detect moisture even when there are a plurality of measurement objects.
  • a plurality of (two in the illustrated example) distance spectra shown in FIG. May become impossible to separate. In this case, it becomes impossible to obtain the phase difference necessary for measuring the above-described minute displacement for each measurement object.
  • the two distance spectra can be separated by applying a band pass filter.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment in this case.
  • the difference distance spectrum output from the difference detector 13 is input to the band pass filter 16.
  • the band pass filter 16 is a notch type band pass filter that outputs a signal having a minimum gain at a frequency intermediate between the center frequencies corresponding to the plurality of peak positions from the difference distance spectrum of the difference detector 13.
  • the difference distance spectrum output from the band pass filter 16 becomes a plurality of difference distance spectra separated between peak positions. Each of these difference distance spectra is input to the distance calculation unit 14, and a minute displacement can be obtained from the phase difference.
  • FIG. 13 is an external view and an internal exploded view of a standing-wave radar built-in LED lighting fixture.
  • the case of the LED lighting fixture is formed of a base 21 that can be attached to an existing socket, a resin material such as ABS, or an aluminum material, a case main body 22 having a heat dissipation function, and transparent or translucent ABS or polycarbonate. It is comprised from the translucent cover 23 which consists of translucent resin material or glass.
  • the translucent cover 23 has a lens shape that diffuses light or narrows the light beam.
  • the LED lighting apparatus includes a surface-mounted LED 26, a standing wave radar module 28 (standing wave detecting unit 2), and LED control inside a case constituted by a base 21, a case body 22, and a cover 23.
  • the unit 30 is stored.
  • the lower half of the base 21 is a part that is screwed into the socket, and is formed of a conductive material.
  • the upper half of the base 21 is an insulating support.
  • the upper end portion of the insulating support of the base 21 is provided with a screw portion 21a extending along the circumferential direction at the inner peripheral edge portion thereof, and the lower end portion of the case body 22 is also provided around the outer peripheral edge portion thereof.
  • a screw portion 22a extending in the direction is provided, and the base 21 and the case main body 22 are connected by screwing the screw portion 21a to the screw portion 22a. Further, a screw portion 22b is formed at the upper end portion of the case main body 22, and a screw portion 23a is formed at the lower end portion of the cover 23. By screwing the screw portion 23a into the screw portion 22b, the cover 23 and the case main body are formed. 22 are connected to each other.
  • An insulating substrate fixing guide frame 32 is installed in the case body 22, and the substrate 31 of the LED control unit 30 is fixed to the guide frame 32.
  • the substrate 31 is fixed to the guide frame 32 with its surface in the vertical direction, that is, with its surface parallel to the central axis of the lighting fixture.
  • the LED control unit 30 is mounted on the substrate 31 and is disposed in a space surrounded by the case body 22 and the base 21.
  • the substrate 31 is supplied with 100 V AC power supplied from outside in the base 21, and this power is AC-DC converted by a converter mounted on the substrate 21, and then the LED control unit 30. To be supplied.
  • An aluminum substrate 25 with excellent heat dissipation is disposed on the upper end of the case body 22 with its surface horizontal.
  • the aluminum substrate 25 is supported on the edge of the upper end portion of the case body 22, but the substrate 31 extends through the aluminum substrate 25 into the cover 23.
  • a radar control module board 27 is supported on the upper end of the board 31 with its surface horizontal, and a standing wave radar module 28 is mounted on the radar control module board 27.
  • a plurality of (seven in the illustrated example) LEDs 26 are arranged at evenly spaced positions around the central axis of the lighting fixture, that is, at equally spaced positions on the circumference.
  • the wiring of the substrate 31 is connected to the power supply line of the aluminum substrate 25, and power is supplied from the LED control unit 30 to the LED 26 mounted on the aluminum substrate 25 via the wiring on the substrate 31, and the LED 26 emits light. It is like that.
  • the standing wave radar module 28 mounted on the radar control module board 27 is supplied with power via wiring on the board 31, and the standing wave radar module 28 transmits and receives radio waves such as microwaves, thereby The control module board 27 transmits the detection signal to an external relay device wirelessly.
  • An antenna 3 is installed on the upper surface of the standing wave radar module 28, and radio waves are transmitted and received through the antenna 8a.
  • the standing wave radar module 28 can be tilted with respect to the radar control module substrate 27. By tilting the standing wave radar module 28, the directivity direction of the antenna 3 can be adjusted. ing.
  • Fig.14 (a) shows the state which installed the sensor 101 of this embodiment above the care receiver 100 sleeping on the bed in a care facility or the like. That is, the sensor 101 is installed on the ceiling of the room where the bed 102 is installed with the detection direction directed toward the care receiver 100 on the bed 102 below. Then, the standing wave detection unit 2 detects a standing wave that is a combined wave of the transmission wave and the reception wave. The standing wave detection signal is input to the distance spectrum calculation unit 12 via the AD conversion unit 11, and the distance spectrum is calculated. Then, a difference distance spectrum is obtained from the distance spectrum by the difference detection unit 13.
  • the distance calculation unit 14 calculates the distance between the sensor 101 and the care receiver 100 from the difference distance spectrum as described above.
  • the peak position of the difference distance spectrum is a distance (for example, 2.5 m) between the sensor 101 and the care receiver 100 as shown in FIG.
  • the determination part 15 monitors the time-dependent change of the peak intensity about the difference distance spectrum which has a peak position in this 2.5 m position, as shown in FIG.14 (c). Then, when the peak intensity increases, the determination unit 15 can detect that the dielectric constant is changed due to the change in the moisture content of the measurement target, and the reflection intensity is increased. It can be determined that the time when the peak intensity increases is the time when the care receiver 100 urinates in the diaper. Note that the upper diagram in FIG.
  • FIG. 14C shows the change over time in the output signal of the difference detection unit 13.
  • the horizontal axis represents time
  • the vertical axis represents distance.
  • the intensity of the output signal is strong at the time of urination when the distance is constant (transition from a dark state to a bright state). It is possible to detect urination from the change in the intensity of the difference detector 13. In this embodiment, since it can be detected at the time of urination that the cared person wearing the diaper urinates, it is possible to take measures such as immediately changing the diaper, and to make the cared person feel uncomfortable. Can be resolved.
  • FIG. 15A shows an example in which the sensor 101 of this embodiment is used for drying laundry.
  • Laundries 103 and 104 are hung on hangers, and a radar wave is irradiated in a lateral direction from the sensor 101 to the laundry 103 and 104, and a reflected wave from the laundry 103 and 104 is emitted from the sensor 101.
  • FIG. 15B is a time change of the intensity of the distance spectrum obtained from the standing wave by the laundry 103 at the distance d1
  • FIG. 15C is the result of the laundry 104 at the distance d2. It is the time change of the intensity of the distance spectrum obtained from the standing wave.
  • the difference detection part 13 makes the distance spectrum of a specific time the distance spectrum of a reference time with respect to the distance spectrum of the distance d1, and obtained the distance spectrum for every fixed sampling time (Fig.10 (a)). From this, the distance spectrum at the reference time (FIG. 10B) is subtracted to calculate the difference distance spectrum (FIG. 10C). As a result, if there is no change from the distance spectrum P0 (x) at the reference time, the difference distance spectrum obtained at each sampling time becomes 0 as shown in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 10D, when moisture is present in the measurement target, a distance spectrum P (x) including a spectrum due to the moisture is obtained. As a result, as shown in FIG.
  • the determination unit 15 monitors the difference distance spectrum, and determines the time point when the difference distance spectrum becomes 0 as the drying completion time point. As shown in FIGS. 15B and 15C, it can be determined that the laundry 103 near the sensor 101 shown in FIG. 15A has completed drying earlier than the laundry 104. In this way, the dry state of the laundry 103, 104 can be detected individually.
  • Dielectric constant is 2.3 for polyethylene that constitutes the fiber of clothing, 3.0 for cotton, 80 for water, clothing has a large difference in dielectric constant from water, and the peak intensity of the distance spectrum shows the wet state of each clothing Therefore, the state of the measurement object can be detected.
  • distance measurement is possible by a standing wave, it is possible to measure individually the dryness of the several laundry from which distance differs. For this reason, it becomes possible to select only the laundry that has been dried, and to continue the drying process while leaving the laundry that has not yet dried. Further, in the case of drying the futon, even when the core portion is not sufficiently dried, it can be easily detected. Furthermore, when a dry cloth is hung outdoors and the amount of moisture is detected, the rain can be detected by increasing the peak intensity of the distance spectrum when it rains. .
  • the sensor 101 by directing the sensor 101 to a carpet such as a carpet installed in the room and detecting the amount of water over time, it is determined whether or not the amount of moisture in the carpet exceeds a specific amount. By generating an alarm when the water content exceeds a specific water content, the occurrence of mold during the rainy season can be prevented.
  • the senor 101 is installed with respect to the porous ceramic or the hygroscopic polymer film, and the change in the amount of water is detected as the change in the peak intensity of the distance spectrum, so that the ceramic or the polymer film is removed from the wet and dry body. As a result, the humidity can be measured.
  • FIG. 16 shows a case where the sensor 101 according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the production of dried fish.
  • FIG. 16A shows a case where dried fish are arranged and dried on a straight line
  • FIG. 16B shows a case where dried fish are arranged and dried on a circumference.
  • a plurality of peaks are detected, but the interval between fishes is short, and each spectrum cannot be separated individually.
  • the peak intensity of the distance spectrum is used to detect the moisture content of the measurement target, the moisture content of the measurement target can be detected if multiple peak intensities can be detected even if each spectrum is not separated individually. Can be detected.
  • the peak intensity is monitored over time for a plurality of peaks in this distance spectrum, and most of the peak intensity related to the moisture content of the fish falls within a predetermined range.
  • drying process is terminated when most of the moisture content obtained from each peak intensity falls within a predetermined range while monitoring the decrease in the moisture content of the dried fish. In this way, by setting a necessary amount of moisture as dried fish in advance, if this moisture amount is reached, an alarm is issued. By doing so, dried fish having an appropriate amount of moisture can be produced.
  • drying of dried fish can be stopped in an optimal moisture state, dried fish can also be shipped in an optimal state of umami and aging. And if this optimal state is notified by an alarm, it will become unnecessary for an operator to always check the dry state of dried fish.
  • the relative permittivity of ice is as low as 4.2 as described above, and the radar waves are not easily reflected by ice (easy to pass through ice).
  • the relative dielectric constant of the water is as high as 80 as described above, so the radar wave is easily reflected by the water (transmits the water. Hateful). Therefore, by irradiating the radar wave and obtaining the distance spectrum of the standing wave, it is possible to determine whether the measurement object is in an ice state or a water state.
  • the dielectric constants are different as shown in FIG. 17C, where ice is solid, water is liquid, and water vapor is gas, and water is transformed depending on the temperature at that time. Because. For this reason, for example, the temperature of an object to be measured such as vegetables or fish is gradually lowered and cooled at a low cooling rate so as not to freeze even if it falls below 0 ° C. Then, as shown in FIG. 17 (d), when the water is supercooled until a predetermined degree of supercooling is obtained and an impact is applied to the object to be measured, the water inside the vegetables or fish is frozen at once due to the destruction of the supercooling. And transformed into ice.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing the change over time in the dielectric constant and temperature of the food material when the food material is cooled in the present embodiment.
  • the water in the food material is gradually frozen and eventually all the water is frozen.
  • the dielectric constant of water is about 80, and the dielectric constant of ice is about 4.2.
  • the dielectric constant decreases during the freezing period, the dielectric constant stabilizes at a high value before freezing, and the dielectric constant stabilizes at a low value after freezing.
  • the state detection device using the standing wave radar of the present invention detects that the decrease in the dielectric constant has started (time t 0 ), For example, the temperature of the food material is controlled so that the temperature of the food material becomes constant without further freezing of moisture. Thereby, the fall of the dielectric constant of a food material is prevented, and the moisture content in a food material is maintained at a high value.
  • the freshness of the food material can be kept high by preventing the water in the food material from freezing and storing the food material so that the water content is sufficiently retained.
  • the water content in the food material can be further ensured by maintaining the food material in a supercooled state or by rapidly freezing after the supercooling.
  • Factors that change the quality of food include (a) spoilage and fermentation by microorganisms, (b) degradation by enzymes in food, (c) chemical action such as oxidation, (d) physical action such as drying, (e ) It has physiological activity of food itself such as respiration and transpiration for fruits and vegetables. And as energy and moisture are consumed over time, the nutritional value decreases and the appearance also grows. In general, microorganisms are difficult to grow as the temperature decreases, and even bacteria that are relatively resistant to low temperatures hardly grow at temperatures below -10 ° C. Even when the water in the food is frozen to become ice, the water that can be used by the microorganism is reduced, so that the activity of the microorganism is further reduced.
  • the enzymes are resistant to low temperatures, and some enzymes work even at ⁇ 30 ° C. Therefore, it is necessary to set the temperature to ⁇ 35 to ⁇ 40 ° C. to completely stop the action of the enzymes.
  • ice produced by freezing has an adverse effect on the food material.
  • 70 to 80% of the water is used, and for fruits and vegetables, 80 to 90% of the water.
  • the moisture changes to solid ice, and when the water transforms into ice, the volume expands.
  • large ice crystals are formed in food cells, the cells are destroyed and frozen in that state.
  • the frozen food material is thawed, the moisture from the broken cells flows out, and the taste components and nutrients are lost from the food material together with the moisture, and the texture of the food itself becomes worse.
  • the freezing point is 0 ° C if it is pure water, the higher the concentration of this solute, the higher the concentration of this solute, Freezing point is lowered. Amino acids, minerals, and the like are dissolved in the moisture in the food material, and the freezing point is low.
  • the freezing point of the food material varies depending on the food, but is about -1 to -5 ° C.
  • Each food material begins to freeze at its own freezing point, but in the unfrozen temperature range (ice temperature range) from 0 ° C to the freezing point, the living body produces antifreeze substances so that it does not freeze itself,
  • umami components such as sugars, glutamic acid and amino acids are produced.
  • These umami components have the advantage that the umami of the food can be increased and the freshness retention time can be increased by exposing the food material to an ice temperature region for a certain period of time.
  • the temperature range from the freezing point to 80% of the water becomes ice is called the “maximum ice crystal formation zone”, and the ice crystal grows as it passes through this maximum ice crystal formation zone over a long time (temperature drop). Will grow.
  • the quality as a frozen food is better in “rapid freezing” in which the maximum ice crystal formation zone is passed in a short time and the generated ice crystals are kept smaller than such “slow freezing”. .
  • supercooling refers to the state in which a substance remains liquid even at a temperature below the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to solid (freezing point).
  • this supercooled water is shocked or a piece of ice is added, it turns into small ice in an instant, and the cell membrane is not destroyed.
  • the food material can be thawed in a state where the food material is held in the food material. In other words, in order to freeze the food material deliciously, it is important to freeze the whole food material uniformly and to freeze it in a short time so that ice crystals do not grow.
  • the state detection device detects a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement object, and detects a change in the moisture of the measurement object, thereby obtaining the starting point t 0 of the decrease in the amount of water as an icing point.
  • the water of the food material is kept in a supercooled state by irradiating the food material with electromagnetic waves and vibrating the water molecules in the cells of the food material. Thereafter, the food material is instantly frozen (rapid freezing), thereby preventing the cell membrane from being destroyed and freezing the umami component in the food material.
  • this electromagnetic wave has a function of transmitting a radio wave by the standing wave detection unit. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave can be applied to the food material using the radio wave transmission unit.
  • the frozen state of the food material is controlled by irradiating the food material with the radio wave transmitted by this standing wave detector to inductively heat the food material. At this time, the temperature of the food material is within the supercooling temperature range. It is in. Electromagnetic heating is effective in controlling the delicate state of food materials, but does not give KW-order power and shake water molecules vigorously like a microwave oven, but water molecules aggregate with mW-order power. It is preferable to gently shake the water molecules to such an extent that it does not occur. At an ice temperature of about ⁇ 3 ° C. and a freezing temperature of about ⁇ 20 ° C., the bacterial activity is almost stopped.
  • the freezing point of the food material differs depending on the food material, and also varies depending on the solute (containing substance) concentration in the contained water.
  • the actual detection point of the measurement object can be detected for each measurement object from the change in the dielectric constant by the state detection device. Then, by passing through the maximum ice crystal formation zone (about -1 ° C to about -5 ° C) as fast as possible, micro ice crystals are generated uniformly, preventing ice crystal enlargement and cell membrane destruction. Can be prevented.
  • the electromagnetic wave transmitting means of the standing wave detection unit is used to create a supercooled state by vibrating water molecules, but not limited to this, after detecting an icing point,
  • the food material can be heated and maintained at a temperature just above the freezing point.
  • the main goal was to suppress the decomposition and decay by microorganisms.
  • meat which is a food material
  • the protein of the meat is broken down with time into amino acids.
  • This amino acid contains a large amount of glutamic acid or the like, which is called an umami component.
  • various germs or bacteria are usually generated, and it is in a state where it cannot be eaten at all.
  • the activity of bacteria or fungi decreases significantly, but the activity of the enzyme continues. Therefore, as in this embodiment, the dielectric constant is measured by the radar, and almost no water is frozen.
  • the meat is matured, has softness and smoothness, has a melting texture, spreads juiciness, and becomes a high-quality aged meat that can be tasted with good quality.
  • the state detection device based on a dielectric constant according to the present invention is used for detecting some fat components of meat.
  • the relative dielectric constant is 40 to 2000, and the conductivity is 0.5 to 10 (S / m).
  • the dielectric constant is 5 to 20, and the conductivity is 10 to 500 (mS / m).
  • the dielectric constant is distributed over a wide range for each tissue, it can be roughly classified into a tissue having a high water content and a tissue having a low water content.
  • the state detection device according to the present invention for detecting a difference in dielectric constant is used in the medical field.
  • the shape of an organ or the like is known, but there is a problem in that it is not possible to know what the material of the mass is. Whether this mass is a blood mass, a meat mass, a tumor, or a cancer is not known unless it is opened and a sample is taken. Measurement devices using radio waves are being developed using the pulse method, but because the distance is very close, the distance of that part cannot be measured.
  • the breast is composed of the mammary gland and adipose tissue, and is an organ that protrudes from the chest wall covered with skin tissue on the outside.
  • the mammary gland When microwaves are applied to the breast, many are reflected by the skin, but some microwaves penetrate the skin.
  • the mammary gland has a higher dielectric constant and conductivity than adipose tissue, so reflection occurs. However, since the mammary gland has an irregular shape, complicated reflection / scattering occurs.
  • the mass in the breast has a dielectric constant and conductivity higher than those of the mammary gland and fat, the reflected wave reflected by the transmitted wave applied to the breast is received as a detectable received wave.
  • the dielectric constant is 6.9 for the fat layer, 49 for the mammary gland tissue, 56 for the cancer, 37 for the skin, 58 for the muscle, and infers the internal state of the breast by detecting the difference in the reflection coefficient be able to.
  • the dielectric constant 56 of cancer using a filter, it is possible to identify whether or not there is a cancer lesion in the radio wave irradiation portion.
  • the dielectric constant is 80 for water and 3 for ice. Due to the drastic decrease in the dielectric constant of ice, radio waves can be transmitted. In this state, reflection data can be obtained by sweeping a radio wave having a beam narrowed in a pencil shape in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. Thereby, the physical property (whether it is cancer) of the target object in a body and the distance to the target object are detectable.
  • the state detection device of the present invention can also be used to detect the activity status of plants. That is, since the biological activity can know the growth state and the internal activity status by measuring moisture, the change of moisture flowing through the trunk of the plant is detected by the state detection device of the present invention. Activity status can be detected. Conventionally, wood has been estimated by estimating the moisture content by the impact sound, measuring the electrical resistance value or capacitance, and replacing it with moisture, or examining the degree of light absorption to estimate the moisture content of the plant. However, only the sensual inspection can be performed with the impact sound, and the electrical resistance type measuring instrument is a moisture meter that sends electricity to the measured object and replaces the resistance value with the moisture value. Need to hurt the plant. In addition, the light method can measure only the surface portion of the plant. On the other hand, when the state detection device of the present invention is used, the growth state of the plant and the activity state inside the plant can be always detected without contact.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram when the sensor 101 according to the embodiment of the present invention is used for detection of condensation.
  • Fig. 19 (b) shows a dry room
  • Fig. 19 (c) shows a state in which dew condensation starts to occur on the window, and water drops adhere to the window.
  • Fig. 19 (d) shows a state in which water drops adhere to the entire surface of the window. Indicates.
  • the sensor 101 is installed toward a window, a difference distance spectrum is calculated
  • FIG. 20 shows an example in which the sensor 101 according to the embodiment of the present invention is used for the examination of prostatic hypertrophy.
  • the sensor 101 is installed in the toilet and the patient actually urinates.
  • FIG. 20 (b) it is possible to detect a change with time in the urine flow rate of urination as the amount of water detected by the sensor 101 in the process of urination.
  • a doctor can diagnose an abnormality of the prostate. In this way, it is possible to inform the doctor of the actual urination process while ensuring privacy not seen by others. Also, by measuring urination at home, it can be used for health management at home.
  • the dielectric constant of water is about 80
  • a solution containing a salt having a dielectric constant of 3.0 to 15.0 has a higher dielectric constant.
  • a health check can be performed by measuring urine during urination. That is, urine contains proteins, blood, and electrolytes in addition to water, but the dielectric constant of urine differs depending on the inclusion of these. Therefore, by detecting and recording changes in the dielectric constant of urine every day, the results can be used for health management.
  • FIG. 21 irradiates a car engine oil and lubricating oil with radar waves, detects a combined wave with a reflected wave, detects a standing wave, obtains a distance spectrum and a difference distance spectrum, and calculates a difference distance spectrum.
  • the peak intensity is obtained over time.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 21 is time (arbitrary unit), and the vertical axis is the peak intensity (arbitrary unit) of the difference distance spectrum.
  • This peak intensity corresponds to the dielectric constant of the oil to be measured.
  • impurities such as metal powder increase in the oil, and when the purity of the oil deteriorates, the dielectric constant of the oil changes (increases).
  • the degree of deterioration of the oil can be determined, and the oil replacement time can be determined.
  • the peak intensity it is necessary to calibrate the measured peak intensity to zero so that the peak intensity at that time becomes zero when the oil is fresh and unused.
  • a specific method for detecting standing waves of oil for example, in-use oil or oil to be inspected is allowed to flow through a transparent plastic cylinder, and radar waves are emitted from the outside of the transparent cylinder into the cylinder. It is only necessary to detect the reflected wave from the fluid and detect the standing wave as a composite wave.
  • 22 (a) and 22 (b) are graphs showing the relationship between soil saturation and relative permittivity.
  • the horizontal axis represents the moisture content in the soil
  • the vertical axis represents the relative dielectric constant, showing the relationship.
  • the reflected wave from the soil is detected by the sensor 101 of the present embodiment, and is a constant wave that is a composite wave with the transmitted wave.
  • the change in relative permittivity can be measured from the peak intensity of the differential distance spectrum, and the amount of moisture in the soil can be measured.
  • FIG. 23 shows the use of this embodiment for detecting a surface avalanche.
  • the bonding force between the snow particles is acting on the snow layer, and the snow layer is stopped on the slope in the snow-covered state.
  • a force that tries to fall due to the gravity of the snow layer and a force that tries to stay on the slope in a snowy state also acts due to a frictional force between the slope of the mountain.
  • These forces balance and the snow layer is snowing on the slope.
  • the snow layer becomes heavy due to heavy snow, the gravity increases and an avalanche occurs, and when the human or animal crosses the slope, the bonding force between the snow particles weakens, the snow layer is divided and the avalanche occurs.
  • the senor 101 of the present embodiment emits a radar wave toward the snow surface, takes a combined wave with the reflected wave, detects a standing wave, and obtains a difference distance spectrum. Since the dielectric constant of snow is 4.2 and the dielectric constant of water is 80, the peak intensity of the differential distance spectrum increases due to the generation of the water surface. Thereby, since formation of the water channel of a snow layer is detectable, generation
  • the difference detection unit 13 subtracts the reference distance spectrum from the distance spectrum obtained at each subsequent sampling time, using the distance spectrum sampled at a specific time as the reference distance spectrum.
  • the difference distance spectrum is obtained.
  • the difference distance spectrum may be obtained by subtracting a different distance spectrum for each sampling. For example, obtaining a distance spectrum at a certain sampling time, subtracting the difference distance spectrum at a specific point in time from the distance spectrum at that specific point in time from the previous or multiple previous sampling points You may ask for. In this case, noise in the measurement value due to environmental fluctuations can be more reliably deleted.
  • the present invention since it is possible to detect the state of the measurement object such as the amount of water or the degree of oil deterioration along with the distance to the measurement object, it is possible to quickly detect the urination state of the care recipient in the care facility. It is useful for improving the condition of the care recipient and reducing the labor of the caregiver.
  • standing wave radar module substrate 8 standing wave radar module 10: LED control unit 11: substrate 12: frame 31: arithmetic unit 35: 24 GHz high frequency module 42: signal processing unit 101: sensor

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif qui détecte des états par radar à ondes stationnaires, dans lequel : une unité de calcul de spectre de distance (12) supprime la composante en courant coutinu de la répartition de l'intensité de la fréquence de l'onde combinée détectée par une unité de détection d'ondes stationnaires (2), effectue une transformation de Fourier, et trouve un spectre de distance P(x) ; une unité de détection différentielle (13) soustrait un spectre de distance de période de base P0(x) à partir du spectre de distance pour calculer le différentiel P(x)−P0(x) du spectre de distance, et trouve ce spectre de distance différentielle dans le temps ; une unité de calcul de distance (14) trouve la distance à l'objet de mesure à partir de la composante de distance du spectre de distance différentielle ; et une unité de détermination de spectre (15) surveille l'évolution des changements dans l'intensité de crête du spectre de distance différentielle sur la base de changements dans la permittivité de l'objet de mesure, et sur la base d'un changement dans l'intensité de crête, détermine un état tel qu'un changement d'humidité dans l'objet de mesure. Le dispositif qui détecte des états par radar à ondes stationnaires selon la présente invention peut mesurer la distance à un objet de mesure, même dans un espace étroit tel qu'une zone intérieure, peut mesurer des changements au cours du temps de l'humidité de l'objet de mesure, et peut détecter des états tels que la distance et l'humidité.
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