WO2016193486A1 - Revêtements de surface - Google Patents

Revêtements de surface Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016193486A1
WO2016193486A1 PCT/EP2016/062733 EP2016062733W WO2016193486A1 WO 2016193486 A1 WO2016193486 A1 WO 2016193486A1 EP 2016062733 W EP2016062733 W EP 2016062733W WO 2016193486 A1 WO2016193486 A1 WO 2016193486A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
monomer
gas
low pressure
alkyl group
organosilane
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/062733
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English (en)
Inventor
Filip Legein
Eva ROGGE
Original Assignee
Europlasma Nv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Europlasma Nv filed Critical Europlasma Nv
Publication of WO2016193486A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016193486A1/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
    • D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
    • D06M10/08—Organic compounds
    • D06M10/10—Macromolecular compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/643—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
    • D06M2200/12—Hydrophobic properties

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a low pressure plasma polymerization process applied to textile products, in particular to methods, systems and uses to apply a durable water repellent polymer nanocoating to a textile product as well as the products obtainable by such methods and systems.
  • the textile products can be sheets or can be semi-finished or finished textile products.
  • DWR Durable water repellent
  • DWR coatings which are applied on textile for garments generally need to maintain the breathability properties of the textile product.
  • the DWR coating thickness is usually kept in the micrometer range. The applicants have discovered that when maintaining the thickness in nanometer range, optimal breathability is ensured.
  • coatings of less than 1000 nm are applied, and preferably even less than 500 nm.
  • Textile products can also be subject to repeated washing.
  • a coating applied to a textile product is also subjected to washing .
  • the coating is subjected to a combination of abrasion and extensive rinsing with water and detergent. Consequently, a coating of a textile product with good washability properties is a coating which is resistant against abrasion and rinsing with water and detergent, thereby maintaining its DWR properties after (repeated) washing.
  • Coatings to textile products with good washability properties generally need to have a minimal thickness and need to be well-adhered to the textile product.
  • a thickness of at least 20 nm is desirable, and preferably of at least 50 nm.
  • the coating impregnates the yarns and the fibres of the textile product as deep as possible.
  • Polymer coatings applied to a textile product by a low pressure plasma polymerization process typically have a thickness in the range between 20 nm and 1000 nm, more preferably between 50 nm and 500 nm .
  • a monomer is introduced into a vacuum chamber at low pressure and a plasma is ignited, thereby bringing the monomers in a plasma phase and allowing the excited monomers to polymerize directly onto the surfaces of the textile, in particular on the surfaces of the individual fibres and yarns of the textile.
  • a degree of impregnation of the textile product by the coating can be achieved which is much more difficult or even impossible to achieve with other types of coating processes such as wet (chemical) coating processes or vapour deposition process, including graft processes.
  • Such process are clearly even less suited for application of a DWR coating on 3D-products, finished textile products after final confection, such as jackets, trousers and gloves.
  • DWR coatings make all kinds of textiles water repellent, and often impart oil repellent properties as well for stain repellency.
  • the best performance in repellency is obtained by using fluorine-based or halogen-based chemistries applied to textile products.
  • the coating can hereby be applied by a low pressure plasma polymerization process.
  • PFAAs perfluoro-alkyl acids
  • other alkyl acids with a high amount of fluor, which may comprise long perfluoro-chains of up to 8 and more carbon atoms.
  • Document EP0988412A1 discloses a method for coating a surface by exposing the surface, optionally the surface of a textile product, to a plasma comprising 1H, 1H, 2H-perfluoro-l-dodecene or 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H- heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate.
  • Document WO2014056968A1 discloses a method and apparatus for applying a surface coating on, for example, a sheet of fabric and further provides a plasma chamber for coating a sheet of fabric, e.g . a textile material, with a polymer layer, the plasma chamber comprising a plurality of specifically arranged electrode layers.
  • Preferred monomers include acrylates and methacrylates having perfluorocarbon backbones comprising two to six carbon atoms, such as 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorooctyl methacrylate or 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorooctyl acrylate.
  • PFOAs perfluoro-octanoic acids
  • PFOS's perfluoro-octane sulfonates
  • the present invention provides a solution to the problem of providing DWR coatings for textile products, with good washability properties which ensure that no halogen-containing, such as fluorine-containing, (by-)products, and in particular no PFOS's or PFOAs, are produced in the full process of providing a textile product with a DWR coating.
  • the present invention relates to a method for coating a textile product with a DWR polymer nanocoating by a low pressure plasma polymerization process, wherein the coating is completely halogen-free.
  • the method thereby advantageously combines a halogen-free "health" aspect with a low environmental footprint of the used technology.
  • the halogen-free water repellent nanocoatings of the present invention are deposited by means of low pressure plasma polymerization, a technology that is known for its "dry and clean" aspect, since no water is consumed, a reduced amount of chemicals is used, and no drying and curing is needed, hence a highly reduced energy consumption and C0 2 -emission.
  • the halogen-free low pressure plasma polymerization coatings of the present invention offer a solution to coating of both textiles and fabrics on rolls (2D), and finished textile products (3D), since the technology doesn't require a continuous line to dip, dry and cure.
  • the method of the present invention provides a number of advantages over prior art methods with regards to the obtainable coating :
  • Halogen-free water repellent coatings hence no health risks due to use of halogens like fluorine;
  • Nanometre thick coatings - nanocoatings - which maintain the breathability of the fabric and make them suited for application onto textiles;
  • the present application solves the abovementioned technical problems by providing a method for depositing a halogen-free durable water repellent nanocoating onto a textile product by means of a low pressure plasma polymerization process with an organosilane monomer.
  • the thusly obtained coating thereby provides the textile product with a water repellency which is maintained upon washing, laundering and dry cleaning. Furthermore, the breathability of the fabric is maintained after application of the coating.
  • the present inventors have found that the properties of the coatings on textile products obtained by the use of halogen-free organosilane monomers in the method of the present invention comprise DWR and washability properties comparable to prior art halogen-containing coatings. Furthermore, the resulting coatings do not contain halogens and no halogen-containing products, by-products or rest products are produced.
  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the quality of halogen-free coatings, by applying a post-treatment to a substrate coated with a nanocoating obtained by means of a low pressure plasma polymerization process with an organosilane monomer.
  • the substrate preferably comprises or is a textile product.
  • the post-treatment comprises the step of exposing the coated substrate, which is obtained by coating a substrate by means of a low pressure plasma polymerization process with an organosilane monomer, to a low pressure post-treatment gas.
  • the post-treatment gas essentially consists of neutral gas molecules.
  • the post-treatment gas is provided at a post-treatment power which is comparable to a plasma polymerization power, i.e. the power which is applied during the plasma polymerization process to ignite the monomers, and a plasma is thus ignited during the post-treatment. More preferably, the post-treatment power is at least 10% of the plasma polymerization power and/or at most 190% of the plasma polymerization power.
  • the post-treatment may improve the strength and durability of the coating. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the post-treatment by a substantially neutral gas and preferably at appliance of a low power, promotes cross-linking in the deposited polymer coating.
  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the quality of halogen-free coatings, by applying a intermediate layer to a textile substrate prior to the low pressure plasma polymerization step, wherein the intermediate layer is also deposited by means of a low pressure plasma polymerization process with an halogen-free monomer.
  • the applicants have surprisingly discovered that by first depositing an intermediate layer with a halogen-free monomer different from the organosilane monomer, the resulting coating, durability against washing (DWR properties) can be increased.
  • the DWR properties can be further enhanced by optimal selection of the intermediate layer and the coating.
  • providing both layers allow to obtain a durability against washing (DWR properties) far superior to the results obtained with each of the layers separately.
  • the inventors have found that the above-mentioned post-treatment step for a substrate coated with a nanocoating obtained by means of low pressure plasma polymerization process with an organosilane monomer, also improves the coating properties for other types of substrates, in particular for substrates comprising smooth surfaces, e.g. metallic and/or organic substrates with smooth surfaces, such as electronic components.
  • substrates comprising smooth surfaces, e.g. metallic and/or organic substrates with smooth surfaces, such as electronic components.
  • Figure 1 shows the spray test results and Figure 2 shows the water contact angle measurements, for the different pre-treatments, before and after washing.
  • Figure 3 shows the spray test quotations for varying additional gas mixtures, as function of number of washing cycles.
  • Figure 4 shows the water contact angles for varying additional gas mixtures, as function of number of washing cycles.
  • Figure 5 shows the spray test quotations for varying pre-treatments - varying intermediate coating sub-steps - as function of number of washing cycles.
  • Figure 6 shows the spray test quotations for varying pre-treatments - varying intermediate coating sub-steps - as function of number of dry cleaning cycles.
  • a compartment refers to one or more than one compartment.
  • the value to which the modifier "about” refers is itself also specifically disclosed.
  • % by weight refers to the relative weight of the respective component based on the overall weight of the formulation.
  • outgassing and “degassing”, as used herein, are used interchangeably and refer to a process of removing gasses and liquids, more in particular within the context of this document, removing contaminants, gasses and liquids from items of footwear or parts thereof, in order to ensure a good adhesion between coating and at least part and preferably all, of the internal surface of the item.
  • fabric and "textile” or “textile product”, as used herein, are used interchangeably to any material made of interlacing fibres, woven or nonwoven, which can be made by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, felting or other type of bonding.
  • the present application solves the abovementioned technical problems by providing a method for depositing a halogen-free DWR nanocoating onto textiles, by means of low pressure plasma polymerization, wherein the water repellency is maintained upon washing and laundering, and wherein the breathability of the fabric is not changed by application of the coating. It is a first aspect of the present invention to provide a method to obtain a halogen-free water repellent nanocoating on textiles, whereby the coating is deposited by means of low pressure plasma polymerization, whereby the coating is resistant against repeated washing, laundering and dry cleaning, whereby the coating doesn't significantly change the breathability of the fabric, measured in terms of air permeability and water vapour permeability.
  • the textile is a sheet of textile, e.g. wound to a roll (2D).
  • the textile is a finished textile product, confectioned into its final design, including zippers, buttons, pockets, etc (3D).
  • the textile is a semi-finished textile product, confectioned into an semi-finished design, such as a shirt containing seams, but not yet any buttons.
  • the fabric or textile is one of a woven, nonwoven, knitted, film, foil or membrane fabric, or a laminate of several layers of the foregoing.
  • Woven, nonwoven and knitted fabrics may have smooth surfaces or textured surfaces, in the cases of a pile weave or a pile knit for example.
  • the fabric comprises a synthetic material, a natural material or a blend.
  • Examples of materials include but are not limited to:
  • Woven and knitted fabrics may have a thickness of from 50 ⁇ to 10 mm.
  • Nonwoven fabrics may have a thickness of from 5 ⁇ to 10 mm.
  • Film or foil fabrics may have a thickness of from 20 ⁇ to 1 mm.
  • Membrane fabrics and laminates may have a thickness of from 20 ⁇ to 20 mm.
  • the low pressure plasma polymerization is a low pressure plasma polymerization of an organosilane precursor monomer which is introduced into a plasma chamber, said organosilane being of the formula (I), (II), (III), (IV) or (V).
  • CH 2 C(R 1 )-Si(R 2 )(R 3 )-R 4 (HI) or
  • X is O or NH
  • Yi is -Si(Y 3 )(Y 4 )Y 5 and Y 2 is Si(Y 3 ⁇ )(Y 4 ')Y5 ⁇
  • Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Y 3 ⁇ , Y 4 ⁇ , and Y 5 ⁇ are each independently H or an alkyl group of up to 10 carbon atoms; wherein at most one of Y 3 , Y 4 and Y 5 is hydrogen, at most one of Y 3 ⁇ , Y 4 ⁇ and Y 5 ⁇ is hydrogen; and the total number of carbon atoms is not more than 20.
  • Formula (II) is cyclic where n is 2 to 10, wherein q is 0 to 2 and wherein the total number of carbon atoms is not more than 20.
  • Ri is H or an alkyl group, e.g. -CH 3
  • Ri, R 2 and R 3 are each independently H, an alkyl group of up to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group -O-Z, wherein Z is preferably -QH 2t+ i, wherein t is 1 to 10.
  • R 5 is H or an alkyl group, e.g. -CH 3
  • R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently H, an alkyl group of up to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group -O-Z, wherein Z is preferably -QH 2t+ i, wherein t is 1 to 10.
  • R 9 is H or an alkyl group, e.g. -CH 3 , wherein p is from 0 to 10, and wherein Ri 0 , Rn and Ri 2 are each independently H, an alkyl group of up to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group -O-Z, wherein Z is preferably -C t H 2t+ i, wherein t is 1 to 10.
  • the alkyl groups may be straight or branched-chain but straight groups are preferred. Such alkyl groups are aptly methyl or ethyl groups of which methyl is preferred. Aptly all of Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Y 3 ⁇ , Y 4 ⁇ or Y 5 ⁇ are alkyl groups.
  • the alkoxy groups may be straight, branched-chain or cyclic but straight groups are preferred. Such alkoxy groups are aptly methoxy or ethoxy groups.
  • the monomer of Formula I may be one containing six methyl groups. Aptly the monomer of Formula I is hexamethyldisiloxane. Aptly the monomer of Formula I is hexamethyldisilazane.
  • the monomer of Formula II may be one wherein n is 3, or n is 4, or n is 5, or n is 6.
  • Aptly the monomer of Formula II is octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane.
  • Aptly the monomer of Formula II is hexamethylcyclotrisilazane.
  • the monomer of Formula V may be one wherein p is 2 and wherein each of RIO, Rl l and R12 are an alkoxy group, e.g. methoxy.
  • the monomer of Formula V is 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate.
  • the monomer of Formula V is 3- (trimethoxysilyl)propyl acrylate.
  • the liquid monomer is transported to the plasma chamber without the use of a carrier gas.
  • an additional gas may be used as carrier gas to introduce the organosilane precursor monomer into the plasma chamber.
  • the organosilane monomer precursor is supplied as a liquid monomer which is subsequently vaporized and transported to the plasma chamber in its vaporized form.
  • the vaporized monomer is transported to the plasma chamber without the use of a carrier gas.
  • the liquid monomer supply system uses a carrier gas to transport the vaporized organosilane monomer precursor into the plasma chamber.
  • the carrier gas is selected from H 2 , N 2 , 0 2 , N 2 0, CH 4 , He or Ar, and/or any mixture of these gases.
  • a single carrier gas is used. This is most preferably 0 2 , He, or Ar.
  • the amount of carrier gas is about 5 % to about 1500 % carrier gas based on the flow of monomer, preferably about 10 % to about 1000 % additional gas, more preferably 20 % to 750 %, for example 25 % to 500 %, such as 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 90, 80, 75, 70, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, or 25 % carrier gas.
  • an additional gas may be used as a functional gas.
  • a functional gas is defined as a gas that contributes to the low pressure plasma polymerization reaction in terms of striking the plasma to ignite the plasma, or in terms of influencing the low pressure plasma polymerization reaction to realize coatings with a better performance.
  • the additional functional gas is preferably introduced into the chamber through a separate supply line, coming from e.g. the gas bottle, and hereby is not used as a carrier gas to introduce monomer vapour into the plasma chamber.
  • the additional functional gas may be introduced into the plasma chamber together with the monomer precursor vapour via the same plasma chamber inlet or inlets, whereby the additional functional gas supply line and the liquid monomer supply lines come together right before the chamber inlet or inlets, and are thus introduced together in the plasma chamber.
  • Such embodiments allow to control the relative amounts of monomer and additional functional gas to a very accurate degree.
  • the monomer and the additional functional gas supply lines stay separated and one or more separate additional gas inlets and one or more separate monomer precursor inlets are foreseen in the chamber.
  • the additional gas is both a carrier gas and a functional gas.
  • the organosilane precursor monomer may be used to strike the plasma without any additional gas being present in the chamber.
  • the organosilane precursor monomer comprises a carbon- carbon double bond.
  • Monomers having a carbon-carbon double bond may not require an additional gas to ignite the plasma and to start the polymerisation.
  • the organosilane precursor monomer may be used to strike the plasma without any additional gas being present in the chamber.
  • one or more additional gases may be introduced into the plasma chamber containing the organosilane precursor monomer to strike and ignite a stable plasma, and are therefore seen as functional gasses.
  • fragmentation of the perfluoro-alkyl chain is an unwanted phenomenon as it leads to a decrease of water-repellency.
  • controlled fragmentation can improve the water repellency, and especially the washability properties of the resulting coating.
  • an additional gas, or a mixture of additional gases may be used to generate more fragmentation of the monomer in a controlled fashion, which leads to a more cross-linked, more dense polymer, which provides better water repellency properties, and better resistance against washing, laundering and dry cleaning.
  • the additional gas or gas mixture may comprise a carrier gas, a functional gas and/or a functional carrier gas.
  • the additional gas is selected from H 2 , N 2 , 0 2 , N 2 0, CH 4 , He or Ar, and/or any mixture of these gases.
  • a single carrier gas is used . This is most preferably 0 2 or Ar.
  • a mixture of a reactive and an inert gas is used. This is most preferably 0 2 and Ar.
  • the amount of additional gas used as functional gas together with the organosilane monomer precursor is about 5 % to about 50 % additional gas based on the flow of monomer, preferably about 5 % to about 40 % additional gas, such as 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, or 5 % additional gas.
  • the total amount of additional gases, used together with the organosilane monomer precursor is about 5 % to about 50 % additional gases based on the flow of monomer, preferably about 5 % to about 40 % additional gases, such as 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, or 5 % additional gases.
  • the amount of additional gas 1 is about 5 % to 95 % of the total amount of additional gases, more preferably 10 % to 90 %, for example 15 % to 85 %, such as 20 % to 80 %, e.g. 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20 %.
  • the amount of additional gas 2 is about 5 % to 95 % of the total amount of additional gases, more preferably 10 % to 90 %, for example 15 % to 85 %, such as 20 % to 80 %, e.g. 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20 %.
  • the amount of 0 2 is preferably less than 40%, such as about 5 % to 30 % of the organosilane monomer precursor flow, more preferably about 5 % to 25%, such as 5 % to 20 %, such as 5 % to 15 %, e.g. 5 % to 10 %.
  • the amount of 0 2 additional gas is kept relatively low since the Applicants found that too much 0 2 additional gas plasma creates fragmentation of the monomer precursor molecule with loss of the hydrophobic functional groups due to a too reactive chemical cleaning and/or activation, resulting in a coating of inferior quality both in water repellency and resistance against washing.
  • the amount of Ar is preferably less than 50%, more preferably less than 40%, such as about 5 % to 40 % of the organosilane monomer precursor flow, more preferably about 5 % to 30%, such as 5 % to 25 %, such as 5 % to 20 %, e.g. 5 % to 15 %.
  • the amount of Ar additional gas is kept relatively low since the Applicants found that too much Ar additional gas plasma creates fragmentation of the monomer precursor molecule with loss of the hydrophobic functional groups due to a too reactive physical cleaning and/or activation, resulting in a coating of inferior quality both in water repellency and resistance against washing.
  • the Ar plasma is less reactive than 0 2 plasma, amount of Ar additional gas may be higher than the amount of 0 2 as additional gas.
  • the plasma chamber is evacuated, preferably to a set low base pressure, after the substrates to be coated have been placed in the plasma chamber and the door has been closed.
  • one or more monomer inlets are opened to allow a constant flow of monomer, optionally together with a constant flow of additional gas, to enter the plasma chamber.
  • a power is applied to the radiofrequency electrode or electrodes to generate an electromagnetic field.
  • a plasma is struck, and the monomer molecules become activated.
  • the substrates or products in the plasma chamber act as an initiation promoter or facilitator for the initiation of the plasma polymerization reaction, which will start upon contact of the activated monomer molecules, and will continue as long as there are activated monomer molecules present in the plasma chamber.
  • a post-treatment process as disclosed in this document is performed after the set plasma polymerization duration is reached, and before the chamber is brought back to atmospheric pressure.
  • a halogen-free water repellent nanocoating is deposited using a method according the present invention. This coating is also resistant against washing, laundering and dry cleaning, and doesn't have a negative impact on the breathability of the textile.
  • the plasma polymerization time (3D) or speed (2D roll-to-roll) needed to deposit this coating of the present invention, using the method and monomers of the present invention, is determined in function of the design of the substrate and the chamber, on the type of substrate that is coated (thickness, openness, polymer type), and on the performance that is required in terms of resistance against washing - a ski jacket is washed less frequently than a jogging shirt.
  • 3D items e.g.
  • the plasma polymerization time expressed in the time that a power is applied to the electrodes, is from about 1 minute to about 30 minutes, more preferably from about 2 minutes to about 25 minutes, such as from about 5 minutes to about 20 minutes, such as 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, or 5 minutes.
  • the plasma polymerization may be continuous plasma polymerization.
  • the plasma polymerization may be pulsed wave polymerization. Whether a continuous plasma or a pulsed plasma is used for the polymerization, depends on the chemistry used and on the volume and design of the plasma chamber.
  • the applied power for the coating process when applied in continuous wave mode, is approximately 5 to 5000 W, more preferably approximately 10 to 2500 W, even more preferably approximately, say 15 to 2000W, for example 20 to 1500 W, say 25 to 1000 W, say 30 to 750 W, say 35 to 500 W, say 500, 475, 450, 425, 400, 375, 350, 325, 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 190, 180, 175, 170, 160, 150, 140, 130, 125, 120, 110, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, or 35 W.
  • the applied power density (i.e. power per unit chamber volume) for the coating process, when applied in continuous wave mode is equivalent to the above mentioned ranges, i.e. the applied power density is approximately 5 to 5000 W, more preferably approximately 10 to 2500 W, even more preferably approximately, say 15 to 2000W, for example 20 to 1500 W, say 25 to 1000 W, say 30 to 750 W, say 35 to 500 W, say 500, 475, 450, 425, 400, 375, 350, 325, 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 190, 180, 175, 170, 160, 150, 140, 130, 125, 120, 110, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, or 35 W, divided by 1836 litre.
  • the applied power for the coating process when applied in pulsed wave mode, is approximately 5 to 5000 W, more preferably approximately 10 to 2500 W, even more preferably approximately, say 20 to 1500W, for example 30 to 1000 W, say 50 to 900 W, say 75 to 800 W, say 100 to 750 W, say 750, 725, 700, 675, 650, 625, 600, 575, 550, 525, 500, 475, 450, 425, 400, 375, 350, 325, 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 190, 180, 175, 170, 160, 150, 140, 130, 125, 120, 110, or 100 W.
  • the applied power density (i.e. power per unit chamber volume) for the coating process, when applied in pulsed wave mode, is equivalent to the above mentioned ranges, i.e. the applied power density is approximately 5 to 5000 W, more preferably approximately 10 to 2500 W, even more preferably approximately, say 20 to 1500W, for example 30 to 1000 W, say 50 to 900 W, say 75 to 800 W, say 100 to 750 W, say 750, 725, 700, 675, 650, 625, 600, 575, 550, 525, 500, 475, 450, 425, 400, 375, 350, 325, 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 190, 180, 175, 170, 160, 150, 140, 130, 125, 120, 110, or 100 W, divided by 1836 litre.
  • the pulse repetition frequency when in pulsed power mode, may be from 100 Hz to 10 kHz having a duty cycle from approximately 0.05 to 50 %, with the optimum parameters being dependent on the monomer used.
  • the plasma chamber comprises one or more electrode layers, which may be radiofrequency electrode layers or ground electrode layers, to generate an electromagnetic field.
  • electrode layers which may be radiofrequency electrode layers or ground electrode layers, to generate an electromagnetic field.
  • the or each radiofrequency electrode generates a high frequency electric field at frequencies of from 20 kHz to 2.45 GHz, more preferably of from 40 kHz to 13.56 MHz, with 13.56 MHz being preferred.
  • the operating pressure for the coating step is approximately 10 to 500 mTorr, preferably approximately 15 to 200 mTorr, more preferably approximately 20 to 150 mTorr, say 30 to 100 mTorr, say less than 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30 mTorr.
  • such pressure ranges are particularly preferred.
  • the system runs at a speed of 0.1 m/min up to 20 m/min, for example 0.5 m/min to 15 m/min, such as 1 m/min to 10 m/min, say less than 9, 8, 7, 6 m/min, most preferably 1 to 5 m/min.
  • the applied power when applied in continuous wave mode in a 12000 I chamber, used to coat rolls of textile up to 1.8 m wide, is approximately 10 to 5000 W, more preferably approximately 20 to 4000 W, even more preferably approximately, say 25 to 3000 W, even further preferably, for example 30 to 2000 W, preferably still, for example 40 to 1500 W, and even further preferably from 50 to 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 90, 80, 75, 70, 60, or 50 W.
  • the applied power density i.e.
  • the applied power density is approximately 10 to 5000 W, more preferably approximately 20 to 4000 W, even more preferably approximately, say 25 to 3000 W, even further preferably, for example 30 to 2000 W, preferably still, for example 40 to 1500 W, and even further preferably from 50 to 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 90, 80, 75, 70, 60, or 50 W, divided by 12000 litre.
  • the applied power when applied in pulsed wave mode in a 12000 I chamber, used to coat rolls of textile up to 1.8 m wide, is approximately 10 to 5000 W, more preferably approximately 25 to 4000 W, even more preferably approximately 50 to 3500 W, preferably, for example 75 to 3000 W, preferably still, for example 100 to 2500 W, and even further preferably from 150 to 2000, 1900, 1800, 1750, 1700, 1600, 1500, 1400, 1300, 1250, 1200, 1100, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, or 175 W.
  • the applied power density i.e.
  • the applied power density is approximately 10 to 5000 W, more preferably approximately 25 to 4000 W, even more preferably approximately 50 to 3500 W, preferably, for example 75 to 3000 W, preferably still, for example 100 to 2500 W, and even further preferably from 150 to 2000, 1900, 1800, 1750, 1700, 1600, 1500, 1400, 1300, 1250, 1200, 1100, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, or 175 W, divided by 12000 litre.
  • the pulse repetition frequency may be from 100 Hz to 10 kHz having a duty cycle from approximately 0.05 to 50 %, with the optimum parameters being dependent on the monomer used.
  • the plasma chamber comprises one or more electrode layers, which may be radiofrequency electrode layers or ground electrode layers, to generate an electromagnetic field.
  • electrode layers which may be radiofrequency electrode layers or ground electrode layers, to generate an electromagnetic field.
  • the or each radiofrequency electrode generates a high frequency electric field at frequencies of from 20 kHz to 2.45 GHz, more preferably of from 40 kHz to 13.56 MHz, with 13.56 MHz being preferred.
  • the operating pressure for the coating step is approximately 10 to 500 mTorr, preferably approximately 15 to 200 mTorr, more preferably approximately 20 to 150 mTorr, say 25 to 100 mTorr, say less than 100, 90, 80, 75, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, or 25 mTorr.
  • an outgassing and/or a pre-treatment step may be performed before the low pressure plasma polymerization process.
  • the outgassing is performed in the low pressure plasma chamber.
  • the pre- treatment is a low pressure plasma process.
  • An outgassing may be performed prior to starting the first process step.
  • the applicants have surprisingly discovered that an outgassing allows the deposition of a more uniform coating, that has a better performance in terms of water repellency and resistance against washing. This is because the outgassing removes not only contaminants and moisture from the surface and the plasma chamber, but also from the internal surfaces and deeper lying areas of the textile, which is not the case without outgassing.
  • said textile product or products are degassed to a degassing level of at most 50 mTorr, more preferably at most 20 mTorr, even more preferably at most 10 mTorr.
  • said garment(s) are degassed in a vacuum chamber until said vacuum chamber comprises a degassing level of at most 100 mTorr, more preferably at most 50 mTorr, such as 40 mTorr or less.
  • the degassing level of the vacuum chamber may depend on the load, i.e. on the number and design of the textile products placed inside the chamber.
  • the roll of fabric is degassed to a degassing level of at most 50 mTorr, more preferably at most 40 mTorr, even more preferably at most 25 mTorr. Additionally or alternatively, said roll of fabric is degassed in a vacuum chamber until said vacuum chamber comprises a degassing level of at most 100 mTorr, more preferably at most 50 mTorr, such as 40 mTorr or less. Note that the degassing level of the vacuum chamber may depend on the load, i.e. on the fabric structure, polymer, thickness, and openness, and on the roll dimensions of the roll of fabric placed inside the chamber.
  • the pressure increase in a vacuum chamber due to gases released from the textile needs to be determined.
  • the item is positioned in a vacuum chamber, e.g. a plasma chamber, which is pumped down to a degassing pressure Pdegassing, which is less than 200 mTorr, preferably less than 100 mTorr, such as less than 50 mTorr, and next the inlets and outlets of the vacuum chamber are closed off.
  • a degassing pressure Pdegassing which is less than 200 mTorr, preferably less than 100 mTorr, such as less than 50 mTorr
  • the degassing level of the textile is then given by the pressure increase, ⁇ , minus the whistling leak pressure of the vacuum chamber at the degassing pressure Pdegassing -
  • the degassing level of one textile product is given by the pressure increase, ⁇ , minus the whistling leak pressure of the vacuum chamber at the degassing pressure Pdegassing, divided by the number of substrates in the vacuum chamber.
  • the whistling leak pressure of the vacuum chamber at the degassing pressure Pdegassing is determined by repeating the same procedure for an empty chamber with all electronic substrates removed from the vacuum chamber - pumping down to the same degassing pressure Pdegassing, closing off all inlets and outlets of the vacuum chamber and measuring the pressure increase after the same preset time as for the loaded chamber, i.e. 60 seconds.
  • the pressure increase in the vacuum chamber due to gases released from the textile products needs to be determined.
  • the textile products are positioned in a vacuum chamber, e.g. a plasma chamber, which is pumped down to a degassing pressure Pdegassing, which is less than 200 mTorr, preferably less than 100 mTorr, such as less than 50 mTorr, and next the inlets and outlets of the vacuum chamber are closed off.
  • Pdegassing which is less than 200 mTorr, preferably less than 100 mTorr, such as less than 50 mTorr
  • the degassing level of the chamber is then given by the pressure increase, ⁇ , minus the whistling leak pressure of the vacuum chamber at the degassing pressure Pdegassing -
  • the whistling leak pressure of the vacuum chamber at the degassing pressure Pdegassing is determined by repeating the same procedure for an empty chamber with all textile products removed from the vacuum chamber - pumping down to the same degassing pressure Pdegassing, closing off all inlets and outlets of the vacuum chamber and measuring the pressure increase after the same preset time as for the loaded chamber, i.e. 60 seconds.
  • the low pressure plasma polymerization is preceded by a low pressure plasma pre-treatment step, preferably the degassing and the pre- treatment being combined in a single processing step.
  • a pre-treatment may be carried out before the coating polymerization step and after the outgassing step, when an outgassing step is performed.
  • the pre-treatment is a low pressure plasma process. Whether a low pressure plasma pre-treatment is carried out or not, depends on the cleanliness of the substrates to be coated, and on the monomer used in the low pressure plasma polymerization process as well.
  • the applicants have surprisingly discovered that for some monomers the performance and quality of the coating is better when no pre-treatment is carried out.
  • a pre-treatment in the form of a low pressure plasma cleaning and/or activation and/or etching may be advantageous.
  • the best performance of the coatings is measured by water contact angle measurement according to ASTM D5946-04, spray testing according to AATCC 22- 2010, or ISO 9073 - part 17 and ISO 4920, and resistance against washing. Resistance against washing, laundering and dry cleaning is typically tested by washing, laundering or dry cleaning the product or sheet, followed by a spray test or a water contact angle measurement, to follow up the spray test quotation or the water contact angle measurement as function of the number of washing/laundering/dry cleaning cycles.
  • a pre-treatment step in the form of an activation and/or cleaning and/or etching step is performed before the plasma polymerization process.
  • a pre-treatment step in the form of an activation and/or cleaning and/or etching step might be advantageous for improving the adhesion and cross-linking of the polymer coating.
  • this pre-treatment is preferably done using reactive gases, e.g. H 2 , 0 2 , and etching reagents such as CF 4 , but also inert gases, such as Ar, N 2 or He may be used. Mixtures of the foregoing gases may be used as well.
  • reactive gases e.g. H 2 , 0 2
  • etching reagents such as CF 4
  • inert gases such as Ar, N 2 or He
  • the polymer deposition step may be performed in the presence of an additional gas, which may be the same gas (or mixture of gases) employed in the pre-treatment step, if such pre- treatment step is performed.
  • the pre-treatment step comprises an intermediate coating sub- step wherein an intermediate nanocoating is deposited onto the textile product by means of a low pressure plasma polymerization process with an intermediate monomer, different from the organosilane monomer.
  • said intermediate coating sub-step is preceded by a cleaning and/or activation sub-step.
  • the cleaning and/or activation pre-treatment is done with 0 2 , Ar, or a mixture of 0 2 and Ar, of which 0 2 is favoured.
  • intermediate monomer for the intermediate coating sub-step is a linear or branched alkane having the general formula (VI):
  • u is from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10, even more preferably from 2 to
  • the intermediate monomer may comprise a linear or branched alkene having the general formula (VII) :
  • v is from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 10;
  • X is H, F, CI, Br or I
  • the intermediate monomer may comprise a linear or branched alkyne having the general formula (VIII) :
  • w is from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 10;
  • X is H, F, CI, Br or I
  • the intermediate monomer may contain from 1 to 10 carbon-carbon triple bonds (C ⁇ C), preferably from 1 to 2 carbon-carbon triple bonds.
  • the intermediate nanocoating deposited in the pre-treatment low pressure plasma depositing sub-step may comprise halogen.
  • This intermediate nanocoating will be covered subsequently by the coating step with the organosilane monomer which will form the DWR nanocoating and which thereby will shield a user from contacting a halogen-comprising intermediate coating.
  • the intermediate monomer is halogen-free, i.e. X in the formula (VI) to (VIII) here above, is hydrogen.
  • the textile will be covered by two layers of polymer coating, neither of which containing halogen, which is preferred for both its health aspects and environmental aspects.
  • the pre-treatment when applied in a batch process to coat finished textile products such as garments (3D), is performed from 15 seconds to 15 minutes, for example from 30 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 45 seconds to 5 minutes, e.g. 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 minutes.
  • the duration of the pre-treatment depends on the precursor monomer used, on the design and the materials of the substrate to be coated, on the degree of contamination on the substrate to be coated, and on the low pressure plasma equipment.
  • the power of the pre-treatment can be applied in continuous wave mode or in pulsed wave mode.
  • the pre-treatment takes place at powers of 10 to 5000 W, more preferably 25 to 4000 W, even more preferably at 50 to 3000 W, say 75 to 2500 W, such as 100 to 2000 W, e.g. 2000, 1900, 1800, 1750, 1700, 1600, 1500, 1400, 1300, 1250, 1200, 1100, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 175, 150, 125, or 100 W.
  • a power density equivalent to the above ranges for a 1836 litre plasma chamber is preferably used.
  • the pre-treatment takes place at a power of 10 to 5000 W, more preferably 25 to 4000 W, even more preferably at 50 to 3000 W, say 75 to 2500 W, such as 100 to 2000 W, e.g. 2000, 1900, 1800, 1750, 1700, 1600, 1500, 1400, 1300, 1250, 1200, 1100, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 175, 150, 125, or 100 W.
  • a power density equivalent to the above ranges for a 1836 litre plasma chamber is preferably used.
  • the pulse frequency may be from 100 Hz to 10 kHz having a duty cycle from approximately 0.05 to 50 %, with the optimum parameters being dependent on the gas or gas mixture used.
  • the operating pressure, e.g. in a 1836 litre or a 12000 litre plasma chamber, for the pre-treatment is 10 to 500 mTorr, more preferably 15 to 250 mTorr, even more preferably 20 to 200 mTorr, say 25 to 175 mTorr, such as 30 to 150 mTorr, e.g. 150, 140, 130, 125, 120, 110, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, or 30 mTorr.
  • the activation and/or cleaning and/or etching runs at a speed from 1 to 30 m/min, for example 2 to 20 m/min, such as 3 m/min to 15 m/min, most preferably at approximately 5 to 10 m/min.
  • the pre- treatment takes place at 25 to 10000 W, more preferably 50 to 7500 W, even more preferably at 100 to 5000 W, and further preferably 200 to 4000 W, and preferably still from 300 to 3000, such as 3000, 2900, 2800, 2750, 2700, 2600, 2500, 2400, 2300, 2250, 2200, 2100, 2000, 1900, 1800, 1750, 1700, 1600, 1500, 1400, 1300, 1250, 1200, 1100, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, or 300 W.
  • a power density equivalent to the above ranges for a 12000 litre plasma chamber is preferably used.
  • the pre- treatment takes place at a peak power value of 25 to 10000 W, more preferably 50 to 9000 W, even more preferably at 100 to 8000 W, and further preferably at 200 to 7500 W, and preferably still at 300 to 7000, such as 7000, 6750, 6500, 6250, 6000, 5750, 5550, 5250, 5000, 4750, 4500, 4250, 4000, 3750, 3500, 3250, 3000, 2900, 2800, 2750, 2700, 2600, 2500, 2400, 2300, 2250, 2200, 2100, 2000, 1900, 1800, 1750, 1700, 1600, 1500, 1400, 1300, 1250, 1200, 1100, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, or 300 W.
  • the pulse frequency When applied in pulsed power mode, the pulse frequency may be from 100 Hz to 10 kHz having a duty cycle from approximately 0.05 to 50 %, with the optimum parameters being dependent on the gas or gas mixture used.
  • the power value, the operating pressure and the pre-treatment time can be varied in a way that the best process parameters for the pre-treatment are used, taking into account the present teaching.
  • the polymer coating is applied in a next step, which may be carried out in the same equipment.
  • the pre-treatment may comprise one or multiple sub-steps, e.g. first a cleaning and/or activation sub-step followed by an intermediate coating sub-step.
  • the pre-treatment and the coating step are carried out in the same chamber without opening the chamber in between the steps, to avoid deposition of additional contamination from the atmosphere in between pre-treatment step and coating step.
  • the pre-treatment comprises one or more sub-steps, preferably such sub-steps are also carried out in the same chamber as the coating step without opening the chamber in between the steps or sub-steps.
  • a post-treatment step may be performed after the low pressure plasma polymerization process. Whether this post-treatment is performed or not depends on the polymers deposited and on the substrate design.
  • a post-treatment may allow to obtain a denser polymer structure, or a polymer structure with improved orientation of the functional groups.
  • a denser polymer structure as well as an improved orientation of the functional groups contribute largely to a better performance of the coating in terms of water repellency, and more specifically in a better resistance against washing, laundering and dry cleaning.
  • the post-treatment is a low pressure plasma process.
  • the post-treatment is a low pressure process without ignition of a plasma.
  • the post-treatment when carried out, is performed in the same chamber as the low pressure plasma polymerization without opening the chamber in between the steps, to avoid influence from the atmosphere in between both steps.
  • this post-treatment is preferably done using inert gases, such as Ar, N 2 or He, but reactive gases, such as H 2 , 0 2 , and etching reagents such as CF 4 may be used as well. Mixtures of the foregoing gases may be used as well.
  • the post-treatment is done with He or Ar.
  • the low pressure plasma post-treatment is performed from 10 seconds to 15 minutes, for example from 15 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 30 seconds to 7.5 minutes, e.g. 7.5, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 minutes, or 45 or 30 seconds.
  • the duration of the post-treatment depends on the polymer deposited and on the design of the substrate.
  • the power of the post-treatment can be applied in continuous wave mode or in pulsed wave mode.
  • the average power applied during the post- treatment step is lower than the average power used during a low pressure plasma pre-treatment step, thereby preferably avoiding partial destruction of the deposited polymer coating. This is particularly preferred if the same gas or gas mixture is used during the pre-treatment step as during the post-treatment step.
  • the post-treatment takes place at 5 to 1000 W, more preferably 10 to 750 W, even more preferably at 15 to 500 W, say 20 to 250 W, such as 25 to 200 W, e.g. 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 90, 80, 75, 70, 60, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, or 25 W.
  • a power density equivalent to the above ranges for a 1836 litre plasma chamber is preferably used.
  • the post- treatment takes place at a peak power value of 5 to 2000 W, more preferably 10 to 1500 W, even more preferably at 15 to 1000 W, say 20 to 750 W, such as 25 to 500 W, e.g. 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 90, 80, 75, 70, 60, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, or 25 W.
  • a power density equivalent to the above ranges for a 1836 litre plasma chamber is preferably used.
  • the pulse repetition frequency When applied in pulsed power mode, the pulse repetition frequency may be from 100 Hz to 10 kHz having a duty cycle from approximately 0.05 to 50 %, with the optimum parameters being dependent on the gas or gas mixture used.
  • the low pressure plasma post-treatment when applied in a roll-to-roll process to coat textile and fabric on rolls (2D), is performed at a speed from 1 to 30 m/min, for example 2 to 20 m/min, such as 3 m/min to 15 m/min, most preferably at approximately 5 to 10 m/min.
  • the speed of the post-treatment depends on the polymer deposited and on the design of the substrate.
  • the power of the post-treatment can be applied in continuous wave mode or in pulsed wave mode.
  • the average power is lower than the typical powers used for a low pressure plasma pre-treatment, since the deposited polymer coating must not be destroyed.
  • the post-treatment takes place at 10 to 5000 W, more preferably 20 to 4000 W, even more preferably at 25 to 3000 W, and further preferably 50 to 2500 W, and preferably still from 75 to 2000, such as 2000, 1900, 1800, 1750, 1700, 1600, 1500, 1400, 1300, 1250, 1200, 1100, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 90, 80, or 75 W.
  • a power density equivalent to the above ranges for a 12000 litre plasma chamber is preferably used.
  • the post- treatment takes place at 20 to 10000 W, more preferably 25 to 7500 W, even more preferably at 50 to 5000 W, and further preferably 75 to 4000 W, and preferably still from 100 to 3000, such as 3000, 2900, 2800, 2750, 2700, 2600, 2500, 2400, 2300, 2250, 2200, 2100, 2000, 1900, 1800, 1750, 1700, 1600, 1500, 1400, 1300, 1250, 1200, 1100, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 175, 150, 125, or 100 W.
  • a power density equivalent to the above ranges for a 12000 litre plasma chamber is preferably used.
  • the pulse repetition frequency When applied in pulsed power mode, the pulse repetition frequency may be from 100 Hz to 10 kHz having a duty cycle from approximately 0.05 to 50 %, with the optimum parameters being dependent on the gas or gas mixture used.
  • this post-treatment is preferably done using inert gases, such as Ar, N 2 or He, but reactive gases, such as H 2 , 0 2 , and etching reagents such as CF 4 may be used as well. Mixtures of the foregoing gases may be used as well.
  • the post-treatment without ignition of a plasma is done with He, Ar, or 0 2 .
  • the low pressure post-treatment without ignition of a plasma is performed from 10 seconds to 15 minutes, for example from 15 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 30 seconds to 7.5 minutes, e.g. 7.5, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2.5, 2, or 1 minutes, or 45 or 30 seconds.
  • the duration of the post-treatment without ignition of a plasma depends on the polymer deposited and on the design of the substrate.
  • the low pressure plasma post-treatment without ignition of a plasma is performed at a speed from 1 to 30 m/min, for example 2 to 20 m/min, such as 3 m/min to 15 m/min, most preferably at approximately 5 to 10 m/min.
  • the speed of the post-treatment without ignition of a plasma depends on the polymer deposited and on the design of the substrate.
  • the method according to the present invention includes the step of applying a low pressure plasma polymer coating having a thickness of from 50 to 1000 nm, more preferably of from 75 to 500 nm, such as 500, 475, 450, 425, 400, 375, 350, 325, 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, or 75 nm.
  • a low pressure plasma polymer coating having a thickness of from 50 to 1000 nm, more preferably of from 75 to 500 nm, such as 500, 475, 450, 425, 400, 375, 350, 325, 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, or 75 nm.
  • hydrophobic surfaces when using organosilane monomers according to any of formula (I) to formula (V), hydrophobic surfaces can be created with contact angles for water of more than 90°, even more than 100°, such as more than 110°, or more than 120°, according to ASTM D5946-04.
  • the method includes applying a polymer coating having a uniformity variation of the contact angles for water of less than 10° according to ASTM D5946-04.
  • hydrophobic surfaces can be created with a spray test quotation of at least 3 or higher, such as a quotation of 4 or 5, according to AATCC 22-2010, or ISO 9073 - part 17 and ISO 4920.
  • the water contact angle and the spray test quotation obtained depends on the monomer used, any additional gases that may be used optionally, on the process parameters used, but also on the substrate onto which the nanocoating is deposited, e.g. roughness, complexity of design, etc.
  • the best performance of the coatings is measured by means of water contact angle measurement, spray test, and this before and after washing, laundering or dry cleaning.
  • Table 3 Details on washing procedure Figure 1 shows the spray test results and Figure 2 shows the water contact angle measurements, for the different pre-treatments, before and after washing. It is clear from Figure 1 that only the samples coated without pre-treatment give a spray test quotation higher than 0 after 1 and 2 washing cycles. It is also clear from Figure 2 that the samples without any pre-treatment and a coating according to Table 1 give water contact angles higher than 0° after 3 washing cycles. It is concluded that for the tested monomer, no plasma pre-treatment gives the best performance in terms of resistance against washing. Prior to washing, no clear differences are noted between the pre-treatments Example 2: Influence of additional gas
  • Figure 3 shows the spray test quotations for varying additional gas mixtures, as function of number of washing cycles.
  • Figure 4 shows the water contact angles for varying additional gas mixtures, as function of number of washing cycles. It is clear that no significant difference was noticed in terms of resistance against washing.
  • Example 4 Influence of intermediate coating sub-step (pre-treatment) In some cases it is advantageous in terms of resistance against washing and dry cleaning to use an intermediate coating sub-step. In some cases it is also advantageous to use a cleaning and/or activation pre-treatment sub-step prior to deposition of the intermediate coating sub-step. To demonstrate this, 4 plasma processes have been performed and were evaluated by spray test quotation before and after washing. Table 8 gives the combination of process steps for all 4 plasma processes. Table 9 describes all possible process steps, which have been used in different combinations.
  • Example 5 Resistance against dry cleaning Two processes according to example 4, the one without pre-treatment (no cleaning and/or activation sub-step and no intermediate coating sub-step) ("No - No") and the one with pre-treatment (both cleaning and/or activation sub-step and intermediate coating sub-step) (“Yes - Yes"), have also been evaluated by dry cleaning. To this end, coated textile sheets have been dry cleaned at a local dry cleaning company, and were then evaluated by means of spray testing after each dry cleaning cycle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de dépôt d'un nanorevêtement hydrofuge exempt d'halogène sur des produits textiles à l'aide d'un procédé de revêtement par polymérisation de plasma basse pression, selon lequel le nanorevêtement hydrofuge exempt d'halogène est résistant au lavage, au blanchissage et au nettoyage à sec.
PCT/EP2016/062733 2015-06-03 2016-06-03 Revêtements de surface WO2016193486A1 (fr)

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EP15170410.3A EP3101170B1 (fr) 2015-06-03 2015-06-03 Revêtements de surface

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EP3470573A1 (fr) 2017-10-16 2019-04-17 Werner & Mertz GmbH Processus de fabrication d'un article textile pourvu de surface textile par traitement par plasma et par traitement chimique humide
JP2020007693A (ja) * 2018-06-28 2020-01-16 ライフスタイルアクセント株式会社 撥水性衣類の製造方法及び撥水性衣類製造システム
CN112301725A (zh) * 2019-08-02 2021-02-02 香港纺织及成衣研发中心 通过等离子体技术获得的防水织物及其制备方法

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KR20220073739A (ko) * 2019-10-24 2022-06-03 사아티 에스.피.에이. 복합 필터 매체의 제조 방법 및 이 방법으로 얻어지는 복합 필터 매체
EP4291703A1 (fr) 2021-02-12 2023-12-20 AGC Glass Europe Procédé de production d'un revêtement hydrofuge sur des substrats textiles à l'aide d'un plasma généré par des cathodes creuses

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3470573A1 (fr) 2017-10-16 2019-04-17 Werner & Mertz GmbH Processus de fabrication d'un article textile pourvu de surface textile par traitement par plasma et par traitement chimique humide
WO2019076823A1 (fr) 2017-10-16 2019-04-25 Werner & Mertz Gmbh Procédé pour fabriquer un article textile ayant une surface textile rendue hydrophobe par traitement au plasma et traitement chimique par voie humide
JP2020007693A (ja) * 2018-06-28 2020-01-16 ライフスタイルアクセント株式会社 撥水性衣類の製造方法及び撥水性衣類製造システム
CN112301725A (zh) * 2019-08-02 2021-02-02 香港纺织及成衣研发中心 通过等离子体技术获得的防水织物及其制备方法
CN112301725B (zh) * 2019-08-02 2023-04-07 香港纺织及成衣研发中心 通过等离子体技术获得的防水织物

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EP3101170A1 (fr) 2016-12-07
EP3101170B1 (fr) 2018-08-22

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