WO2016193256A1

WO2016193256A1 - Organic light-emitting component and method for producing an organic light-emitting component

Info

Publication number: WO2016193256A1
Application number: PCT/EP2016/062255
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dominik Pentlehner; Andreas Rausch; Daniel Riedel; Ulrich Niedermeier; Carola Diez
Original assignee: Osram Oled Gmbh
Priority date: 2015-06-03
Filing date: 2016-05-31
Publication date: 2016-12-08
Also published as: DE102015108826A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an organic light-emitting component (100) comprising an organic functional layer stack (9) between two electrodes (2, 8), - wherein the organic functional layer stack (9) comprises at least two organic light-emitting layers (4, 6) and at least one charge carrier generation layer (5) which is arranged between the two organic light-emitting layers (4, 6), - wherein the charge carrier generation layer (5) comprises a hole-conducting and electron-conducting organic layer (51, 53), between which an intermediate layer (52) is arranged, - wherein the intermediate layer (52) comprises a connecting material (11) which is aligned in the intermediate layer (52), - wherein molecules of the connecting material (11) each have at least one transition dipole moment (13) for the light emitted from the component, wherein <cos²ϴ> is greater than 1/3, so that absorption of the light emitted from the component is reduced in the intermediate layer (52), wherein ϴ is the angle between each transition dipole moment (13) of the molecules of the connecting material (11) and a normal (N) to the layer.

Description

description

Organic light-emitting component and method for producing an organic light-emitting component

An organic light-emitting component is specified. Furthermore, a method for producing an organic light-emitting component is specified. An object to be solved is to provide an organic light emitting device, the

Reduces absorption losses and thus increases the efficiency of the device. In at least one embodiment, the organic light-emitting component has an organically functional layer stack. The organic functional

Layer stack is arranged between two electrodes. The organic functional layer stack has at least two organic light-emitting layers and at least one charge carrier generation layer. The

Carrier generation layer is between the two

arranged organic light-emitting layers. The carrier generation layer has a hole-conducting and electron-conducting organic layer, in particular a p- and an n-doped organic layer. Between the hole-conducting and electron-conducting organic layer, in particular the p- and n-doped organic layer, an intermediate layer is arranged. The intermediate layer comprises or consists of a connecting material

Connecting material. The bonding material is oriented or oriented in the intermediate layer. The

Connecting material has molecules. The molecules point in each case at least one transition dipole moment for the light emitted by the component. In particular, <cos ² 6> is greater than 1/3, so that absorption of the light emitted by the component light in the intermediate layer is reduced, where Θ is the angle between the respective

Transient dipole moment of the molecules of the bonding material and a layer normal N is. In particular, the

Transition dipole moments are arranged parallel to the slice normal N with a maximum deviation of +/- 89 ° or +/- 45 ° from this parallel orientation.

As a measure of the orientation of molecules of the

Orientation factor Κ _θ = <cos ² 6>. To the

Term orientation factor is particularly referred to: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, PAC, 2007, 79, 293 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, third edition (IUPAC Recommendations 2006), at page 371, DOI:

10.1351 / goldbook.MT07422. The disclosure of the

Document is added by reference.

The transitional dipole moments of the molecules of the

Connecting materials preferably have an anisotropic orientation in the sum, in particular means that the orientation factor Κ _{θ is} not equal to 1/3. In particular, if <cos ² 6> is greater than 1/3, then the transition dipole moment is preferably aligned along the layer normal N. The angle Θ is the angle between the respective transition dipole moment of the molecules of the bonding material and the layer normal N, wherein the layer normal N is arranged perpendicular to the intermediate layer. The orientation factor Κ _θ is over all

Averaged molecules. In particular, <cos ² 6> is greater than 0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8; 0.9 or 0.95 or 1. The larger Κ _θ , the smaller the probability of absorption. Thus, there is provided an organic light-emitting device having an intermediate layer which reduces the absorption of the light emitted from the device by aligning the molecules of the compound material. The efficiency of the device is increased with consistently high stability of the intermediate layer. The morphology of the organic layers, in particular the intermediate layer, further contributes to increasing the efficiency and stability of the device.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the organic light-emitting component is an organic

light emitting diode (OLED). The organic

The light-emitting component has at least two organic light-emitting layers. This organic

light-emitting layers may be stacked vertically. Thus, by using a plurality of vertically stacked organic light-emitting layers, a higher

Efficiency can be achieved. The stacked organic light-emitting layers are separated by a carrier generation layer (CGL: "Charge Generation

As a result, it may be possible to generate a plurality of photons per pair of charge carriers injected in such a stack, since the

Carrier generation layers such as internal anodes and

Cathodes act.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the organic light-emitting component has an organic functional layer stack.

The organic functional layer stack may include layers of organic polymers, organic oligomers,

organic monomers, organic small, non-polymeric Have molecules ("small molecules") or combinations thereof. The organic functional layer stack may be in addition to the at least two organic layers

light emitting layers have at least one functional layer, which is designed as a hole transport layer to allow an effective hole injection into at least one of the light emitting layers. For example, tertiary amines, carbazole derivatives, polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid, or polyethylenedioxythiophene doped with polystyrenesulfonic acid may prove advantageous as materials for a hole transport layer. The organic functional layer stack can furthermore have at least one functional layer which can be used as a

Electron transport layer is formed. In general, in addition to the at least two organic light-emitting layers, the organic functional layer stack may comprise a plurality of organic functional layers selected from hole injection layers,

Hole transport layers, electron injection layers,

Electron transport layers, hole blocking layers and

Electron blocking layers.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, an organic light-emitting component has at least two electrodes, between which an organically functional layer stack is arranged.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, at least one of the electrodes is transparent. With transparent here and below a layer is called, which is permeable to visible light. In this case, the transparent layer may be transparent or at least partially light-scattering and / or partially light-absorbing, so that the transparent layer may also be diffuse or milky translucent, for example. Particularly preferred is a layer designated here as transparent as possible

translucent, so in particular the absorption of in the operation of the device in the organic functional

Layer stack of generated light is as low as possible.

According to at least one embodiment, both electrodes are transparent. Thus, the light generated in the at least two light-emitting layers can be in both

Directions, ie through both electrodes through, are radiated. In the event that the organic light-emitting component has a substrate, this means that light can be emitted both through the substrate, which is then likewise transparent, and in the direction away from the substrate. Furthermore, in this case, all layers of the organic

be formed transparent to the light emitting device, so that the organic light emitting device forms a transparent OLED. Moreover, it may also be possible that one of the two electrodes, between which the organic functional layer stack is arranged, is not selected to be transparent and preferably reflective, such that the light generated in the at least two light-emitting layers between the two electrodes only in one

Direction can be radiated through the transparent electrode. Is the electrode disposed on the substrate

transparent and also the substrate is transparent

trained, one speaks of a so-called

Bottom-emitter, while in the case that the electrode arranged facing away from the electrode is transparent, speaks of a so-called top emitter. As the material for a transparent electrode, for example, a transparent conductive oxide may be used. Transparent conductive oxides (TCO) are transparent, conductive materials, usually metal oxides such as zinc oxide,

Tin oxide, cadmium oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). In addition to binary

Metal-oxygen compounds such as ZnO, Sn0 ₂ or Ιη ₂ θ _3, ternary metal-oxygen compounds, such as Zn ₂ Sn0 _4, CdSn03, ZnSn03, Mgln ₂ 0 _4, Galn03, Ζη ₂ ΐη ₂ θ5 or _4, Sn30i ₂ or mixtures of different transparent conductive oxides to the group of TCOs.

Furthermore, the TCOs do not necessarily correspond to one

stoichiometric composition and may also be p- or n-doped.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the organic light-emitting component has a substrate. In particular, one of the two electrodes is arranged on the substrate. The substrate may comprise, for example, one or more materials in the form of a layer, a plate, a foil or a laminate, which are selected from glass, quartz, plastic, metal, silicon wafers. In particular, the substrate comprises or consists of glass.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the organic light-emitting component has a

Charge generating layer on. The

Carrier generation layer is between the two

arranged organic light-emitting layers. With a carrier generation layer is here and in the

The following describes a layer sequence, which is generally formed by a pn junction. The Charge generating layer, also known as

"Charge generation layer" (CGL) can be referred to, is in particular formed as a tunnel junction forming pn junction, which is operated in the reverse direction and which can be used for an effective charge separation and thus for the generation of charge carriers. The

The carrier generation layer connects at least the two organic light emitting layers to each other. Thus, the stability of the device can be increased.

The carrier generation layer may be formed of insulating materials such as alumina. In this case, the charge carrier generation layer constitutes a tunneling barrier for the charge carriers. At the same time, the charge carrier generation layer separates the hole-conducting and electron-conducting organic layers, in particular the p- and n-doped organic layers, which otherwise

possibly react with each other at the interface, thereby losing their function in the device. This increases the stability of the device.

In addition, other materials, for example

Phthalocyanines, part of the

Charge carrier generation layer. Phthalocyanines have intermediate states that increase the tunneling probability. The charge carriers can be between the

hole-conducting and electron-conducting organic layer, in particular of the p- and n-doped organic layer by the so-called hopping mechanism of intermediate state to intermediate state of the phthalocyanines move. As a result, the transport of cargo is possible not only by tunneling but also by hopping. This can increase the efficiency of the device. According to at least one embodiment, the

Charge generating layer a hole-conducting and

electron-conducting organic layer, in particular a p- and n-doped organic layer. With p- and / or n-doped organic layer is here and below

meant that the organic layer with another

Charge carrier type is different, which is different from the organic layer. Here, p-doped means that the organic layer is electron-conducting. Here, n-doping means that the organic layer is hole-conducting. Suitable materials for a hole-conducting and electron-conducting organic layer, in particular a p- and / or n-doped organic layer, are any materials which are electron-conducting and / or hole-conducting.

According to at least one embodiment, the

Charge generating layer between the hole-conducting and electron-conducting organic layer, in particular the p- and n-doped organic layer an intermediate layer. In particular, the hole-conducting and electron-conducting organic layer, in particular the p- and n-doped organic layer, are connected to one another via this intermediate layer. This means that the interlayer in

direct contact respectively to the hole-conducting and

electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p- and n-doped organic layer is arranged.

According to at least one embodiment, the

Interlayer on a connecting material. In particular, the intermediate layer is formed of the bonding material, that is, consists of the bonding material. The

Connecting material is oriented or oriented in the intermediate layer. With oriented or aligned here and hereinafter means that the bonding material and / or the molecules of the bonding material and / or the transitional dipole moment of the molecules occupy a preferred direction in the intermediate layer. The bonding material has molecules. The molecules have a transitional dipole moment, especially several transition dipole moments. The molecules have at least one transition dipole moment for the light emitted and / or generated by the device.

In particular, the transition dipole moments are arranged parallel to the layer normal. The transition dipole moments of the molecules may alternatively or additionally be deviated by up to +/- 89 °, for example +/- 85 °, 80 °, 70 °, 60 °, 50 °, 40 °, 35 °, 30 °, 25 °, 20 °, 15 °, 10 ° or 5 ° from this parallel orientation. In particular, on average all transition dipole moments of the molecules have a parallel arrangement +/- 45 ° to the layer normal.

Layer normal denotes here and below one

Preferred direction, which is arranged perpendicular to the intermediate layer. In particular, <cos ² 6> is greater than 0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8; 0.9 or 0.95 or equal to 1.

The transitional dipole moment has a fixed direction in the

Coordinate system of the connection material

(Molecular coordinate system). This means in particular that by aligning the connecting material in the

Intermediate layer, so in space, also its transitional dipole moment is aligned.

The term transition dipole moment is referred to in particular: "IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, Second Edition (The" Gold Book "), 1997 and IUPAC Compendium of Chemical

Terminology, PAC, 2007, 79, 293 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, third edition (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)) on page 434, DOI: 10.1351 / goldbook. 06460. The

The disclosure of the documents is taken up by reference.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, all molecules of the bonding material have a transitional dipole moment which is parallel to the layer normal with a maximum deviation of +/- 45 ° therefrom

Alignment, for example, 30 °, are arranged.

According to at least one embodiment, at least 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% of all molecules of the bonding material have a transitional dipole moment parallel to the layer normal N with a maximum deviation of +/- 45 ° from this parallel orientation is arranged. In particular, <cos ² 6> is greater than 0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8; 0.9 or 0.95 or 1. The transition dipole moments have a certain orientation in the intermediate layer. This is relevant because the absorption and / or emission process is a dipole transition. By the arrangement of the transition dipole moments of

Molecules in a parallel arrangement with a maximum deviation of +/- 85 ° or 45 ° to the layer normal, the absorption of the light emitted by the device in the intermediate layer can be reduced compared to a device having transition dipole moments perpendicular to the layer

Has layer normal.

The interlayer of the device of the invention absorbs less light generated by the device. This allows more light emitted from the device so that the efficiency of the light extraction from the organic light emitting device can be increased. Isotropically oriented bonding material may absorb the light generated by the device due to intermediate states. By orienting the bonding material in the intermediate layer, the absorption can be reduced. According to at least one embodiment, the

Charge generating layer in addition to a metal layer. The metal layer has a surface.

In particular, the metal layer with a on the

Surface side facing away from the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic layer,

in particular p- and / or n-doped organic layer of the charge carrier generating layer. The surface of the metal layer may adjoin the intermediate layer.

In particular, the metal layer is directly on the

Intermediate layer arranged. The intermediate layer, which is the

Compound material is in particular covalently bonded to the surface of the metal layer. The

Connecting material forms a self-organizing

Monolayer (SAM). The transition dipole moments of the molecules of the bonding material are arranged parallel to the layer normal N with a maximum deviation of +/- 50 °, 45 °, 30 °, 20 °, 15 ° or 10 ° from this parallel orientation. By aligning the molecules of the bonding material, absorption losses can be reduced.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the metal layer comprises or consists of the metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, and aluminum includes. In particular, the metal layer is a thin one

Layer, for example with a thickness of greater than or equal to 0.1 nm and less than or equal to 5 nm. In particular, the metal layer has a layer thickness of less than 1 nm, for example 0.4 or 0.8 nm.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the metal layer is selected from a metal comprising copper, silver or gold, wherein the metal layer has a layer thickness smaller than 1 nm and wherein the compound material comprises sulfur and wherein the sulfur is in contact with the surface of the

Metal layer is covalently connected via a metal-sulfur bond. In particular, the metal layer is directly arranged on the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p- and / or n-doped organic layer. In particular, the compound material has a sulfur-containing functional group, for example a thiol group. In particular, the metal layer is formed of gold with a gold-sulfur covalent bond joining the metal layer and the intermediate layer. Thus, the adhesion of the two layers to each other can be improved. In accordance with at least one embodiment, this is

Connecting material of the intermediate layer as

self-assembled monolayer, so-called self-assembly monolayers or SAMs. In addition to covalent bonding of the bonding material to the metal layer, there is additional lateral stabilization of the layer by noncovalent interaction in the SAMs, such as the van der Waals interaction between adjacent molecules. As materials for the compound material, there may be used common organic materials, for example, phthalocyanines. The materials may be conjugated, that is aromatic, or unconjugated, that is non-aromatic. The molecular chain length of the material can be different. By using a bonding material having different molecular chain lengths, an intermediate layer can be formed which is an inhomogeneous one

Has layer thickness.

The phthalocyanines may be substituted with thiol groups. Due to the molecular structure of the phthalocyanines and the hybridization of the phthalocyanines, the thiol groups are always oriented in the molecular level of the compound material. Also, the transition dipole moment for that of the device

emitted light is also in this molecular level

oriented. In particular, the compound material may have multiple thiol groups. The thiol groups act here as anchor groups which covalently bond to the metal layer. In particular, strong covalent bonding results when the metal layer is a gold layer.

The connecting material may be a symmetrical or

have asymmetric molecular structure. By asymmetric here and below is meant that the bonding material has a permanent electric dipole moment due to the molecular structure. Symmetric means that the molecule has no permanent electrical dipole moment. An asymmetric compound material can be obtained, for example, by unilateral attachment of sulfur-containing groups

Phthalocyanines are produced. In accordance with at least one embodiment, this is

Compound material is a substituted phthalocyanine, a substituted aromatic, octylphosphonic acid and / or a substituted heteroaromatic.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, this is

Compound material substituted with sulfur

Phthalocyanine, a sulfur-substituted aromatic

and / or a sulfur substituted heteroaromatic.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, this is

Compound material substituted with sulfur

Copper phthalocyanine, a sulfur-substituted one

Vanadyl phthalocyanine or a sulfur-substituted titanyl phthalocyanine. In particular, these have

Substituted phthalocyanines a thiol group (SH group), which after application in the organic

light emitting device transforms to the metal-sulfur bond.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, octylphosphonic acid is used as the compound material. Octylphosphonic acid forms, in particular, self-assembling monolayers.

Octylphosphonic acid can be separated from the gas phase.

By using a metal layer and a

Monolayer-forming bonding material in one

Carrier generation layer can reduce the absorption losses in the device and the efficiency can be increased. At the same time, these intermediate layers have a high

Stability due to their highly ordered structures as SAMs. The metal layers can be used as seed layers. The metal layers can simultaneously serve as a source of charge carriers in the charge generation layer

may be used, so that it may be possible to dispense with a doping in the charge carrier generating layer.

According to at least one embodiment, the

Carrier generation layer has a layer thickness between 1 nm and 8 nm, in particular between 4 nm and 5 nm,

for example 5 nm. The intermediate layer can be a

Layer thickness between 1 nm and 3 nm, for example, 2 nm. In particular, the

Charge generating layer has a layer thickness of less than 5 nm.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, this is

Connecting material amphiphilic. The molecules of the

Connecting materials each have a permanent

Dipole moment on. The permanent dipole moments are predominantly parallel to the layer normal N with a maximum deviation of +/- 45 °, 30 °, 20 ° or 15 ° from this parallel

Alignment arranged. In particular, the

Transient dipole moments predominantly parallel, in particular parallel, arranged to the permanent dipole moment. With

Amphiphile is here and hereinafter referred to that the bonding material is both a hydrophilic, so

water-loving, as well as a hydrophobic, so

water-repellent or lipophilic area. This means that this substance is well soluble in both polar and non-polar solvents. By predominantly parallel here is meant that more than 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the molecules are permanent

Dipole moments a parallel alignment to the layer normal and / or to the Übergansdipolmomente. In particular, <cos ² 6> is greater than 1/3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8; 0.9 or 0.95 or equal to 1. According to at least one embodiment, this is

Connecting material amphiphilic and the molecules of the

Connecting materials each have a permanent

Dipole moment, wherein the permanent dipole moment is arranged mainly parallel to the Schichtnormalen with a maximum deviation of +/- 30 ° or 45 ° from this parallel orientation.

Alternatively or additionally, the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p- and / or n-doped organic layer may be a hydrophilic

Have surface. Hydrophilic means here that the

Surface is polar. The connecting material has

hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas. The hydrophilic

Area of the connecting material is oriented to

hydrophilic surface of the hole-conducting and / or

electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p- and / or n-doped organic layer. The hydrophobic region of the bonding material turns from the

hydrophilic surface of the hole-conducting and / or

electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p- and / or n-doped organic layer. In other words, by the use of amphiphilic

Connecting materials in intermediate layers generates an orientation of the intermediate layer. Due to the orientation of the permanent dipole moments predominantly parallel to the

Layer normal, the absorption can be minimized and thus the efficiency can be increased. In particular, the transition dipole moment and the permanent dipole moment of a molecule are arranged parallel to each other. In particular are hydrophilic surfaces of the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p- and / or n-doped organic layer hole or

Electron conductor.

Typical hydrophilic regions on molecules of the

Bonding materials may be selected from a group including carboxylate groups, hydroxyls, amines, primary

Amino groups, amide groups, aldehyde groups and sulfo groups. Hydrophilic surfaces of the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p- and / or n-doped organic layer may likewise have such groups. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p- and / or n-doped organic layer, has a hydrophobic surface. The hydrophobic surface may in particular be aliphatic saturated radicals, methyl groups or

have aromatic nuclei. The bonding material has a hydrophilic and hydrophobic area. The hydrophobic region of the bonding material is oriented to the hydrophobic surface of the hole-conducting and / or

electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p- and / or n-doped layer. The hydrophilic area of the

Connecting material oriented away from the hydrophobic surface of the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p- or n-doped layer. In other words, the hydrophilic region of the bonding material turns away from the hydrophobic surface due to the different polarity. By using amphiphilic compound materials as intermediate layers, an orientation of the

Connecting material can be generated in the intermediate layer. The amphiphilic molecules organize themselves in the layer due to entropic effects and their

Molecular structure. This self organization of the

Connecting material causes the

Transient dipole moment and / or the permanent dipole moments approximately parallel with a maximum deviation of +/- 45 ° from this parallel alignment to the layer normal

can be arranged. Thus, absorption losses can be reduced, since this compound material due to the orientation in space absorbs little of the light emitted by the component light.

It will continue a process for producing a

specified organic light-emitting device.

In particular, the process provides the organic

light-emitting component forth. The previously described definitions and explanations apply to the

organic light-emitting device also for that

Process for producing an organic

light emitting device. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the method for producing an organic light-emitting component comprises the following method steps:

A) providing an electrode,

B) applying an organic light-emitting layer to the electrode, C) applying an organic layer to the organic light-emitting layer produced in step B),

D) applying an intermediate layer, the one

Having compound material that arranges itself when applied self-organizing, wherein molecules of the

Connecting material in each case at least one

Transition dipole moment for the emitted light from the device, wherein: <cos ² 6> greater than 1/3, so that absorption of the light emitted by the device light is reduced in the intermediate layer, where Θ is the angle between the respective transition dipole moment of the molecules of the

E) applying a further organic layer to the intermediate layer,

F) applying a further organic light-emitting layer to the further organic layer, and

G) applying a further electrode to the further organic light-emitting layer produced under step F).

In particular, the organic layer applied in step C) is a hole-conducting organic layer and that in the

Step E) applied organic layer a

electron-conducting organic layer or the organic layer applied in step C) an electron-conducting organic layer and the applied in step E)

organic layer a hole-conducting organic layer.

That one layer on or over another layer

arranged or applied, can here and in the The following mean that the one layer is arranged directly in direct mechanical and / or electrical contact with the other layer. It can also continue

mean that the one layer is arranged indirectly above another layer. In this case, further layers can then be arranged between the one and the other layer.

The fact that a layer is arranged between two other layers can, here and below, mean that the one

Layer directly in direct mechanical and / or

electrical contact or in indirect contact with one or two other layers. In the case of indirect contact, further layers can be arranged between the one and at least one of the two other layers.

According to at least one embodiment takes place before

Process step D) an additional process step Dl)

D1) applying a metal layer of copper, silver or gold to the organic layer produced under step C) by means of vacuum evaporation, wherein a metal layer having a layer thickness of less than 5 nm, in particular less than 1 nm is produced. In the subsequent step D), the bonding material can be applied to the metal layer. The bonding material may comprise sulfur and then covalently bonds to the metal layer via a metal-sulfur bond, in particular to the surface of the metal layer, for example gold. The transition dipole moments of the molecules of the bonding material in this intermediate layer can in particular be a parallel arrangement to the layer normal with a maximum deviation of +/- 30 ° from this parallel arrangement.

In particular, <cos ² 6> is greater than 1/3 or greater than 0.8.

According to at least one embodiment, the

Intermediate layer in step D) from the liquid phase

produced. As a method, spin coating, screen printing, inkjet, gravure printing or flexographic printing can be used. During production, an oriented intermediate layer can be produced without additional process steps

necessary. This saves time and costs.

According to at least one embodiment, the

Intermediate layer in step D) generated from the gas phase. This can be done by means of vacuum evaporation. In this case, an oriented intermediate layer can be produced during the production without additional process steps being necessary. This saves time and costs.

Depending on the viscosity, solvent,

Surface energy and / or wetting properties of the

Connecting material can be selected.

Additional materials may also be blended into the interlayer to adjust viscosity or surface energy. Above all, additional solvents or further fillers with polar and / or nonpolar serve

Groups and / or anionic surfactants. For example, fillers may be added which have functional groups selected from: -COO (carboxylate), -SO ₃ (sulfonate) or -SO ₄ (sulfate).

According to at least one embodiment, the alignment of the bonding material in step D) takes place at low Temperatures, for example, temperatures less than 50 ° C. At such low temperatures, alignment with external fields can not be achieved, therefore, according to the present invention, self-assembly of the molecules of the bonding material is resorted to.

The inventors have realized that by using an oriented intermediate layer in the

A charge generation layer (charge generation layer), an organic light-emitting device can be provided, which absorbs little and thus the efficiency of the device can be increased. This can be done by the

Orientation of the intermediate layer with amphiphilic molecules and / or generated by self-assembling monolayers. The connecting material then has a

self-organizing structure and thus a highly organized structure.

Furthermore, a higher efficiency is ensured with consistently high component stability, compared with

Charge carrier generation layers of the prior art. Furthermore, influence on the morphology can be taken to improve the performance of the device. The

Influence on the morphology can be done by the orientation of the connecting material.

Furthermore, a device can be provided which has a potential increased stability through the uniform

Alignment of the molecules can be generated in the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer can be homogeneous.

Further advantages, advantageous embodiments and

Further developments emerge from the following in Compound described with the figures

Exemplary embodiments.

1 shows a schematic representation of an organic light-emitting component according to an exemplary embodiment, FIGS. 2A to 2C show the schematic representation of a FIG

Section of an organic light emitting device according to another

Embodiment, Figures 3A and 3B is a schematic representation of a

Section of an organic light emitting device according to another

Embodiment, and Figures 4A and 4B is a schematic representation of a

Section of an organic light emitting device according to another

Embodiment. In the exemplary embodiments and figures, identical, identical or identically acting elements can each be provided with the same reference numerals. The illustrated elements and their proportions with each other are not to be regarded as true to scale, but individual elements, such as layers, components, components and areas, for better presentation and / or better understanding may be exaggerated. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an organic light-emitting component 100 in accordance with FIG

Embodiment comprising a substrate 1, for example made of glass. Above the substrate 1 is an organically functional layer stack 9 between two electrodes 2 and 8,

for example, gold and indium tin oxide arranged. The organic functional layer stack 9 has at least two organic light-emitting layers 4 and 6. The organic light-emitting layers 4 and 6 can

Ir (ppy) 3 as material in a matrix material.

Between the two organic light emitting layers 4 and 6, at least one carrier generation layer 5 is arranged. The carrier generation layer 5 has a hole-conducting and electron-conducting organic layer, in particular a p- and an n-doped organic layer 51, 53. Between these two layers is one

Intermediate layer 52 is arranged.

For example, the lower electrode 2 may be formed as an anode and the upper electrode 8 as a cathode.

Alternatively, the lower electrode 2 may be formed as a cathode and the upper electrode 8 as an anode. Depending on

Polarity of the electrodes, the organic layer 51 p- or n-doped. If the organic layer is n-doped, for example, then the organic layer 52 is p-doped and vice versa.

Furthermore, it may also be possible for the organic functional layer stack 9 to have more than two organic light-emitting layers, in each case one between each two directly adjacent organic light-emitting layers

Charge carrier generating layer may be arranged. The organic functional layer stack 9 may have, in addition to the described organic functional layers 4 and 6, further organic functional layers. In the embodiment shown are purely exemplary

Charge carrier injection and / or transport layers 3 and 7 are shown which, depending on the polarity of the electrodes 2, 7, are hole- or electron-conducting.

Furthermore, an encapsulation arrangement, preferably in the form of a thin-layer encapsulation, may be applied over the electrodes 2, 8 and the organic functional layer stack 9 (not shown), around the organic light-emitting component 100 and in particular the layers of the organic functional layer stack 9 and the electrodes 2, 8 to protect against harmful environmental materials such as moisture and / or oxygen and / or other corrosive substances such as hydrogen sulfide.

FIGS. 2A to 2C each show a section of an organic light-emitting component 100 according to an embodiment. FIGS. 2A to 2C each show an intermediate layer 52 which has the bonding material 11. The bonding material 11 has molecules each having at least one transition dipole moment 13 for the light emitted by the device. Figures 2A and 2B show that the transition dipole moments parallel to

Layer normal N are arranged. Figure 2C shows that the transition dipole moments 13 of the bonding material 11 has a deviation of about 10 ° from the parallel arrangement to the layer normal. By aligning such bonding materials in an intermediate layer 52, absorption losses can be reduced. The intermediate layer 52 of FIGS. 2A to 2C can be used in an organic light-emitting component 100, such as

for example, as shown in Figure 1, be introduced. FIGS. 3A and 3B show a section of an organic light-emitting component 100 according to one each

Embodiment. FIG. 3A shows a hole-conducting and electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p- and n-doped organic layer 51, 53. A metal layer 13 is arranged directly on at least one organic layer 51, 53. The metal layer 13 is in particular made of gold. The metal layer 13 is arranged directly downstream of a

Intermediate layer 52, which is disposed between this metal layer 13 and the organic layer 51. In FIG. 3A, for example, the organic layer 51 may be n-doped and the organic layer 53 may be p-doped. Alternatively, the metal layer 13 may also be attached to the organic layer 51

be arranged, as shown in Figure 3B. Here, for example, the organic layer 51 may be n-doped and the organic layer 53 may be p-doped or vice versa.

Figures 4A and 4B show a section of a

organic light-emitting device 100 according to one embodiment. Between the hole-leading and

electron-conducting organic layers, in particular n- and p-doped layers 51, 53, an intermediate layer 52 may be arranged. The intermediate layer 52 has a

Connecting material 11, which is amphiphilic. Amphiphile means here that the compound material has a hydrophilic region IIa and a hydrophobic region IIb. The organic layer 53, which may be p- or n-doped, has a hydrophilic surface. The surface of the other organic layer 51 may be hydrophobic. Thereby, that the surfaces of the hole-conducting and / or

electron-conducting organic layers, in particular p- and / or n-doped organic layers 51, 53

are different, the amphiphile depends

Connecting material 11 depending on the polarity in the room

different. This means that the hydrophilic

Area IIa is oriented to the hydrophilic surface of the hole-conducting or electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p- or n-doped organic layer 53 and that the hydrophobic region IIb of the bonding material 11 in the direction of the hydrophobic surface of the other hole-conducting or electron-conducting organic layer, in particular p - or n-doped organic layer 51 oriented. This can be an orientation of the

Connecting material 11 are produced in the intermediate layer 52. In this case, the organic layer 51 may be p-doped and the organic layer 53 may be n-doped or

be the other way around. FIG. 4B shows the opposite case to FIG. 4A. FIG. 4B shows that the organic layer 51 has a

has hydrophilic surface and the organic layer 53 has a hydrophobic surface. This can be a

Orientation oppositely generated in comparison to Figure 4A.

The ones described in connection with the figures

Embodiments and their features can also be combined with each other according to further embodiments, even if such combinations are not explicitly shown in the figures. Furthermore, the embodiments described in connection with FIGS additional or have alternative features as described in the general part.

The invention is not limited by the description based on the embodiments of these. Rather, the invention encompasses every new feature as well as every combination of features, which in particular includes any combination of features in the patent claims, even if this feature or combination itself is not explicitly described in the claims

Claims or embodiments is given.

This patent application claims the priority of German Patent Application 10 2015 108 826.6, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Reference sign list

100 organic light emitting device

I substrate

2 first electrode

3 charge carrier injection or transport layers

4 organic light-emitting layer

5 carrier generation layer

51 electrode-conducting organic layer

52 interlayer

53 hole-conducting organic layer

6 organic light-emitting layer

7 charge carrier injection or transport layers

8 second electrode

9 organically functional layer stacks

II connecting material

IIa hydrophilic region of the bonding material IIb hydrophobic region of the bonding material

13 transition dipole moment

14 surface of the metal layer

130 metal layer

N layer normals

Claims

claims

1. Organic light-emitting component (100) having an organic functional layer stack (9) between two electrodes (2, 8),

- wherein the organic functional layer stack (9) at least two organic light-emitting layers (4, 6) and at least one charge carrier generating layer (5)

that is between the two organic

light-emitting layers (4, 6) is arranged,

- wherein the charge carrier generating layer (5) a

Electron-conducting and hole-conducting organic layer (51, 53), between which an intermediate layer (52) is arranged,

wherein the intermediate layer (52) comprises a joining material (11) which is aligned in the intermediate layer (52),

- Molecules of the connecting material (11) each have at least one transition dipole moment (13) for that of the

Have component emitted light, where: <cos ² 6> greater than 1/3, so that absorption of the device

emitted light in the intermediate layer (52) is reduced, where Θ the angle between the respective

Transition dipole moment (13) of the molecules of the

Connecting material (11) and a layer normal (N) is.

2. Organic light-emitting component (100) according to claim 1,

wherein the charge carrier generation layer (5) additionally has a metal layer (130) with a surface (14), the metal layer (130) having a side facing away from the surfaces (14) directly on the hole-conducting or electron-conducting organic layer (51, 53) is arranged, wherein the connecting material (11) covalently to the Surface (14) of the metal layer (130) is bonded and oriented as a self-organizing monolayer, wherein the Übergangsdipolmomente (13) parallel to the layer normal (N) with a maximum deviation of ± 45 ° of this

arranged in parallel alignment.

3. Organic light-emitting component (100) according to the preceding claim,

wherein the metal layer (130) is a metal selected from

Copper, silver or gold, wherein the metal layer (130) has a layer thickness less than 1 nm, wherein the compound material (11) comprises sulfur, wherein the sulfur with the surface (14) of the metal layer (130) covalently via a metal-sulfur Bonding are connected.

4. Organic light-emitting component (100) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the compound material (11) is a substituted

Phthalocyanine, a substituted aromatic,

Octylphosphonic acid or a substituted heteroaromatic.

5. Organic light-emitting component (100) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the connecting material (11) with a sulfur

substituted copper phthalocyanine, vanadyl phthalocyanine or titanyl phthalocyanine.

6. Organic light-emitting component (100) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the carrier generation layer (5) has a

Layer thickness of less than 5 nm.

7. Organic light-emitting component (100) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the bonding material (11) is amphiphilic and the molecules of the bonding material (11) are each one

have permanent dipole moment, wherein the permanent

Dipolmoment are arranged mainly parallel to the layer normal (N) with a maximum deviation of ± 45 ° from this parallel orientation, the transition dipole moment (13) is oriented parallel to the permanent dipole moment.

8. Organic light-emitting component (100) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic layer (51, 53) has a hydrophilic surface, wherein the bonding material (11) has hydrophilic (IIa) and hydrophobic (IIb) regions, the hydrophilic region (IIa) of the bonding material (11) hydrophilic surface of the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic

Layer (51, 53) is oriented and the hydrophobic region (Hb) of the connecting material (11) of the hydrophilic

Surface of the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic layer (51, 53) facing away.

9. Organic light-emitting component (100) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic layer (51, 53) has a hydrophobic surface, wherein the connecting material (11) has a hydrophilic (IIa) and hydrophobic region (IIb), wherein the hydrophobic region (IIb) of the connecting material (11) is oriented to the hydrophobic surface of the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic layer (51, 53) and the

hydrophilic region (IIa) of the hydrophobic surface of the hole-conducting and / or electron-conducting organic

Layer (51, 53) facing away.

10. Process for the preparation of an organic

The light emitting device (100) according to claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

A) providing an electrode (2),

B) applying an organic light-emitting layer (4) to the electrode (2),

C) applying an organic layer (51) to the organic light-emitting layer (4) produced in step B),

D) applying an intermediate layer (52), wherein the

Intermediate layer (52) has a connecting material (11) that arranges itself when applied self-organizing, wherein molecules of the connecting material (11) each have at least one transition dipole moment (13) for that of the device

have emitted light, where: <cos ² 6> greater than 1/3, so that absorption of the light emitted by the component light in the intermediate layer is reduced, where Θ is the angle between the respective transition dipole moment of the molecules of the bonding material and a layer normal (N) is

E) applying a further organic layer (53) to the intermediate layer (52),

F) applying a further organic light-emitting layer (6) to the further organic layer (53),

G) applying a further electrode (7) to the further organic light-emitting layer (6) produced in step F).

11. The method according to claim 10,

wherein before step D) an additional step Dl) takes place: Dl) applying a metal layer (130) of copper, silver or gold on the organic generated in step C) Layer (51) by means of vacuum evaporation, wherein a metal layer (130) is produced with a layer thickness of less than 1 nm, wherein in the subsequent step D) the bonding material (11) on the metal layer (130)

which comprises sulfur and is covalently bonded to the metal layer (130) via a metal-sulfur bond, the transition dipole moments (13) of the molecules of the bonding material (11) being parallel to the layer normal (N) with a maximum deviation of ± 45 ° from this

arranged in parallel alignment.

12. The method according to claim 10,

wherein the intermediate layer (52) in step D) from the

Liquid phase by means of spin coating, screen printing, inkjet,

Engraving or flexographic printing is applied.

13. The method according to claim 10,

wherein the intermediate layer (52) in step D) is applied from the gas phase by means of vacuum evaporation.