WO2016191994A1 - 一种通信的方法、基站及用户设备 - Google Patents

一种通信的方法、基站及用户设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016191994A1
WO2016191994A1 PCT/CN2015/080443 CN2015080443W WO2016191994A1 WO 2016191994 A1 WO2016191994 A1 WO 2016191994A1 CN 2015080443 W CN2015080443 W CN 2015080443W WO 2016191994 A1 WO2016191994 A1 WO 2016191994A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
information
base station
user equipment
subframe
data
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/080443
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄煌
杜贤峰
徐明慧
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to EP19188708.2A priority Critical patent/EP3624533A1/en
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2015/080443 priority patent/WO2016191994A1/zh
Priority to RU2017146417A priority patent/RU2688273C1/ru
Priority to BR112017025495-6A priority patent/BR112017025495B1/pt
Priority to KR1020177036691A priority patent/KR102082805B1/ko
Priority to JP2018513703A priority patent/JP6596580B2/ja
Priority to EP15893657.5A priority patent/EP3297375B1/en
Priority to CN201580080323.9A priority patent/CN107615864B/zh
Priority to CA2987805A priority patent/CA2987805C/en
Priority to CN201910642225.XA priority patent/CN110505000B/zh
Publication of WO2016191994A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016191994A1/zh
Priority to US15/826,656 priority patent/US10461835B2/en
Priority to US16/578,284 priority patent/US11075685B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a communication method, a base station, and a user equipment.
  • the bandwidth of the frequency bands below 6G is insufficient to meet the increasing demand for communication data. Therefore, high-frequency (30G to 300G or more) with rich bandwidth resources is applied. High frequency bands) will become a trend as a backhaul and access frequency. However, compared with the frequency band below 6G, one of the remarkable features of high frequency is that the path loss is large. To ensure a certain propagation distance, the high frequency beam must be narrow to achieve a large gain. However, the coverage of the narrow-beam system is limited. In order to obtain the maximum gain of the antenna, the base station (BS) and the user equipment (User Equipment, UE for short) must first perform narrow beam scan alignment and then perform data. Transmission, thereby achieving normal communication between the BS and the UE.
  • BS base station
  • UE User Equipment
  • the transmitting end has 4 different beams (Z1 to Z4), and each beam carries its own corresponding beam information.
  • the four beams are scanned in the initial phase of each subframe, and each beam occupies a certain time slot, for example, 10 us.
  • the first 40us of each frame is used for beam scanning alignment.
  • the latter 960us is used for data transmission.
  • the receiving end also has 4 beams (RX1 to RX4), and the scanning beam is replaced once every 1 ms.
  • the receiving end demodulates the beam information of each beam of the transmitting end, and then feeds back the information of the best combined transmitting beam and the receiving beam to the transmitting end in the data transmission phase (for example, the transmitting beam is Z3 and the receiving beam is R2).
  • the transmitting end uses the Z3 beam to transmit during the data transmission phase, and the receiving end uses the R2 beam to receive.
  • a fixed time slot needs to be configured for scanning in each subframe, and each scan needs to traverse all directions once, so it takes a lot of time and occupies more resources.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a communication method, a base station, and a user equipment. To solve the problem of long scan time and resource occupation of narrow beam communication.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a communication method, including:
  • the base station performs beam scanning alignment with the first user equipment in the first subframe to determine a beam for transmitting data in the first subframe, where the number of beams of the transmitted data is greater than or equal to one;
  • the base station And transmitting, by the base station, beam information of a beam of the data to be sent to the first user equipment, where the beam information includes at least identifier information and a synchronization signal of the beam;
  • the synchronization signal is used by the second user equipment to synchronize with the base station;
  • the identifier information of the beam is used by the first user equipment and the second user equipment to identify a beam sent by the base station.
  • the base station and the first user equipment and the second user equipment perform beam scanning alignment in a second subframe, where the scanned The beam does not include at least one beam in the first subframe scheduled to transmit data, and the second subframe is the next subframe in the first subframe.
  • the method further includes: receiving, by the first user equipment, the second user equipment
  • the beam quality information is demodulated by the beam information sent by the base station, where the first user equipment is a user equipment that has accessed the base station, and the second user equipment is a user equipment to be accessed by the base station.
  • the method further includes:
  • the base station receives the beam selection information reported by the second user equipment, where the beam selection information is generated by the second user equipment according to the beam information sent by the base station and the demodulated beam quality information, including the first
  • the beam identification information of the optimal beam and the beam quality information of the optimal beam obtained by the user equipment according to the beam quality information are compared;
  • the beam for transmitting data in the first subframe is used When the number of the beams is greater than one, and the beam for transmitting data is switched from the first beam to the second beam, the beam information carried in the time-frequency resource is switched to the beam information of the second beam when the beam information is transmitted.
  • the synchronization signal and the identifier information in the beam information are located in the same sub Different fields or the same field in the frame.
  • the beam information is stored in a preset fixed resource block; or
  • the storage location of the beam information is indicated by the base station.
  • the beam information is stored in a preset fixed resource block, including:
  • selecting a preset continuous or spaced frequency resource to store the beam information selecting a preset continuous or spaced frequency resource to store the beam information
  • the beam information is stored in a time slot
  • the beam information is stored in a data field.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a communication method, including:
  • the base station When the base station is transmitting data to the user equipment, receiving, by the base station, beam information that is sent when the data is sent by using the beam, where the beam information includes at least the identification information and the synchronization signal of the beam;
  • the user equipment performs beam scanning alignment with the base station in a second subframe, where the scanned beam does not include at least one of the foregoing a beam scheduled to be used for transmitting data in the first subframe, the second subframe being the first sub-frame The next subframe of the frame.
  • the method further includes:
  • the user equipment reports the beam selection information to the base station, where the beam selection information is generated by the user equipment according to the beam information sent by the base station and the demodulated beam quality information, and the user equipment is included according to the beam quality information. Comparing the beam identification information of the optimal beam and the beam quality information of the optimal beam;
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are located in the same sub Different fields or the same field in the frame.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a base station, including:
  • a beam scanning unit configured to perform beam scanning alignment with the first user equipment in a first subframe to determine a beam for transmitting data in the first subframe, where the number of beams of the transmitted data is greater than or equal to one ;
  • a sending unit configured to send data to the first user equipment by using the beam, and send beam information of the beam, where the beam information includes at least identifier information and a synchronization signal of the beam;
  • the synchronization signal is used by the second user equipment to synchronize with the base station;
  • the identifier information of the beam is used by the first user equipment and the second user equipment to identify a beam sent by the base station.
  • the beam scanning unit is further configured to perform beam scanning on the second subframe with the first user equipment and the second user equipment. And wherein the scanned beam does not include at least one beam in the first subframe scheduled to transmit data, and the second subframe is a next subframe in the first subframe.
  • the method further includes:
  • a receiving unit configured to receive, according to the base station, the first user equipment and the second user equipment
  • the beam information is demodulated by the beam information
  • the first user equipment is a user equipment that has accessed the base station
  • the second user equipment is a user equipment to be accessed by the base station.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive the second user equipment
  • the reported beam selection information is generated by the second user equipment according to the beam information sent by the base station and the demodulated beam quality information, and the second user equipment is compared according to the beam quality information.
  • Beam identification information of the optimal beam and beam quality information of the optimal beam is generated by the second user equipment according to the beam information sent by the base station and the demodulated beam quality information, and the second user equipment is compared according to the beam quality information.
  • the base station further includes:
  • an allocating unit configured to allocate a beam to the second user equipment according to the beam selection information, and perform data transmission with the second user equipment.
  • the fourth possible implementation manner of the third aspect if the beam used for transmitting data in the first subframe When the number of the beams is greater than one, and the beam for transmitting data is switched from the first beam to the second beam, the beam information carried in the time-frequency resource is switched to the beam information of the second beam when the beam information is transmitted.
  • the synchronization signal and the identifier information in the beam information are located in the same sub Different fields or the same field in the frame.
  • the beam information is stored in a preset fixed resource block; or
  • the beam information is stored in a storage location designated by the base station.
  • the beam information is stored in a preset fixed resource block, including :
  • selecting a preset continuous or spaced frequency resource to store the beam information selecting a preset continuous or spaced frequency resource to store the beam information
  • the beam information is stored in a time slot
  • the beam information is stored in a data field.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a base station, including:
  • a receiver a transmitter, a memory, and a processor
  • the receiver, the transmitter, the memory, and the processor being coupled to the bus
  • the memory stores a set of program code
  • the processor for invoking the memory Program code do the following:
  • the transmitter Instructing the transmitter to transmit beam information of a beam of the transmitted data when transmitting data to the first user equipment, where the beam information includes at least identifier information and a synchronization signal of the beam;
  • the synchronization signal is used by the second user equipment to synchronize with the base station;
  • the identifier information of the beam is used by the first user equipment and the second user equipment to identify a beam sent by the base station.
  • the processor is further configured to:
  • the receiver is configured to receive the first user equipment and the second user equipment according to the The beam quality information demodulated by the beam information sent by the base station, where the first user equipment is a user equipment that has accessed the base station, and the second user equipment is a user equipment to be accessed by the base station.
  • the receiver is configured to receive, by the second user equipment,
  • the beam selection information is generated by the second user equipment according to the beam information sent by the base station and the demodulated beam quality information, and is obtained by comparing the second user equipment according to the beam quality information.
  • the processor is further configured to allocate a beam to the second user equipment according to the beam selection information, and instruct the receiver and the transmitter to perform data transmission with the second user equipment.
  • the fourth possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect if the beam used for transmitting data in the first subframe is If the number of beams is greater than one, and the beam used to transmit data is switched from the first beam to the second beam, then the transmit beam In the information, the beam information carried in the time-frequency resource is switched to the beam information of the second beam.
  • the synchronization signal and the identifier information in the beam information are located in the same sub Different fields or the same field in the frame.
  • the beam information is stored in a preset fixed resource block; or
  • the processor is further configured to indicate a storage location of the beam information.
  • the beam information is stored in a preset fixed resource block, including :
  • selecting a preset continuous or spaced frequency resource to store the beam information selecting a preset continuous or spaced frequency resource to store the beam information
  • the beam information is stored in a time slot
  • the beam information is stored in a data field.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium, where the computer storage medium stores a program, and the program includes the steps according to any one of the first to second aspects of the embodiments of the present invention. .
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a user equipment, including:
  • a beam scanning unit configured to determine, when the base station and the user equipment perform beam scanning alignment in the first subframe, a beam for transmitting data in the first subframe
  • a receiving unit when the base station is transmitting data to the user equipment, receiving beam information that is sent by the base station when transmitting data by using the beam, where the beam information includes at least identifier information and a synchronization signal of the beam;
  • a synchronization unit configured to synchronize with the base station according to the synchronization signal
  • an identifying unit configured to identify, according to the identification information of the beam, a beam sent by the base station.
  • the beam scanning unit is further configured to:
  • the beam scanning unit performs beam scanning alignment with the base station in a second subframe, where the scanned beam does not include at least one beam in the first subframe scheduled to transmit data, and the second subframe is a The next subframe of the first subframe.
  • the method further includes:
  • a reporting unit configured to report beam selection information to the base station, where the beam selection information is generated by the user equipment according to beam information sent by the base station and demodulated beam quality information, including the user equipment according to beam quality
  • the beam identification information of the optimal beam and the beam quality information of the optimal beam obtained after the information is compared;
  • the receiving unit is further configured to perform data transmission with the base station by using a beam allocated by the base station to the user equipment according to the beam selection information.
  • the synchronization signal and the identifier information in the beam information are located in the same sub Different fields or the same field in the frame.
  • the seventh aspect of the present invention provides a user equipment, including:
  • a receiver a transmitter, a memory, and a processor, the receiver, the transmitter, the memory, and the processor being connected to the bus, wherein
  • the memory stores a set of program codes
  • the processor is configured to call the program code stored in the memory to perform the following operations:
  • the base station When the base station is transmitting data to the user equipment, receiving, by the base station, beam information that is sent when the data is sent by using the beam, where the beam information includes at least the identification information and the synchronization signal of the beam;
  • the processor is further configured to:
  • the processor is further configured to:
  • Beam scanning alignment with the base station in a second subframe wherein the scanned beam does not include at least one beam in the first subframe scheduled to transmit data, and the second subframe is the first The next subframe of the subframe.
  • the transmitter is configured to report beam selection information to the base station, where the beam selection information is
  • the processor generates, according to the beam information sent by the base station and the demodulated beam quality information, the beam identification information of the optimal beam and the beam quality of the optimal beam obtained by the processor according to the beam quality information comparison. information;
  • the receiver and the transmitter are further configured to perform data transmission with the base station by using a beam allocated by the base station to the user equipment according to the beam selection information.
  • the synchronization signal and the identifier information in the beam information are located in the same sub Different fields or the same field in the frame.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium, where the computer storage medium stores a program, and the program includes the steps of any one of the third to fourth aspects of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the base station and the first UE may not repeatedly scan the scheduled part or all beams when the next subframe scan is aligned.
  • the second UE can receive the beam information according to the beam, so that the second UE can receive the beam information according to the beam, so that the second UE can receive the beam information when the base station and the first UE transmit data, so that the second UE can learn the accessible beam according to the beam, thereby Facilitate fast access of the second UE.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of a method for communicating according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a second embodiment of a method for communicating according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment of a method for communicating according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a fourth embodiment of a method for communicating according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure for scan alignment and data transmission
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame for scanning alignment and data transmission in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure in an LTE architecture for carrying beam information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of time-frequency resource setting of a first embodiment of storage beam information according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of time-frequency resource setting of a second embodiment of storage beam information according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of time-frequency resource setting of a third embodiment of storage beam information according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of time-frequency resource setting of a fourth embodiment of storage beam information according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of time-frequency resource setting of a fifth embodiment of storage beam information according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a first embodiment of a new user access in a communication method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a second embodiment of a new user access in a communication method according to the present invention.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a first embodiment of a base station according to the present invention.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a second embodiment of a base station according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a third embodiment of a base station according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a first embodiment of a user equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a second embodiment of a user equipment according to the present invention.
  • 20 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a third embodiment of a user equipment according to the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a high-frequency wireless cellular transmission system, and can also be applied to an 802.11ad wireless Gigabit (WiGig) system, that is, the communication method, the base station, and the communication method described in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the user equipment may be applied to a scenario in which the base station and the user equipment perform beam communication, and the user equipment is a user equipment that the base station can transmit to the base station, which may be an activated user, that is, a user who has accessed a certain transmit beam of the base station, or is inactive. The user is the user who does not access any of the base station's transmit beams.
  • the method described in the embodiment of the present invention can improve the efficiency of scanning alignment between the base station and the activated user, that is, the accessed user, and reduce the time for the inactive user, that is, the user not accessing the system.
  • the details will be described below with reference to Figs.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a first embodiment of a communication method according to the present invention.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the base station performs beam scanning alignment with the first user equipment in the first subframe to determine a beam for transmitting data in the first subframe.
  • the number of beams for transmitting data is greater than or equal to one.
  • the time-frequency resource is required to be carried.
  • the beam information is switched to the beam information of the second beam.
  • the beam information carried in the time-frequency resource is switched to the beam information of the third beam when the beam information is transmitted.
  • the base station sends data to the first user equipment by using the beam
  • the base station sends beam information of a beam of the sent data.
  • the beam information includes at least identification information and a synchronization signal of the beam.
  • the synchronization signal is used by the second user equipment to synchronize with the base station;
  • the identifier information of the beam is used by the first user equipment and the second user equipment to identify a beam sent by the base station.
  • the identifier information of the beam may be a simple beam number, or may be another code for identifying the beam, which is not limited in any embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first user equipment is a user equipment that has accessed the base station, and the user equipment is already capable of transmitting data with the base station
  • the second user equipment is a user equipment to be accessed by the base station, and may receive one or After the multiple beam information is determined, which beam is the best access beam, and the best beam information is fed back to the base station, the base station can schedule the beam to the second user equipment according to the optimal beam information, so that the second user equipment can also Data communication with the base station.
  • the base station and the first UE may not repeatedly scan the scheduled part or all beams when the next subframe scan is aligned.
  • the second UE can receive the beam information according to the beam, so that the second UE can receive the beam information according to the beam, so that the second UE can receive the beam information when the base station and the first UE transmit data, so that the second UE can learn the accessible beam according to the beam, thereby Facilitate fast access of the second UE.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a second embodiment of a communication method according to the present invention.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the base station performs beam scanning alignment with the first user equipment in the first subframe to determine a beam for transmitting data in the first subframe.
  • the number of beams for transmitting data is greater than or equal to one.
  • the time-frequency resource is required to be carried.
  • the beam information is switched to the beam information of the second beam.
  • the beam information carried in the time-frequency resource is switched to the beam information of the third beam when the beam information is transmitted.
  • the first subframe may be a subframe when the base station is aligned with the first scan of the first UE, or may be a subframe of any time domain in the scan alignment phase.
  • the beam scanning alignment may be performed periodically.
  • the scanning alignment object may include the UE that has been accessed and the UE that is not accessed.
  • the scanned UE beam is scanned to determine whether the beam needs to be switched, and the UE beam that is not accessed. Scanning is to be able to access.
  • the base station needs to scan all beams available for data transmission in the first subframe.
  • the UE After synchronizing with the base station, the UE identifies the corresponding beam number, that is, the beam identification information, by demodulating the beam information, and optionally demodulates the beam quality information of the beam.
  • the beam quality information is used to indicate the channel state quality corresponding to the beam, where the beam quality information may include, but is not limited to, any one or more of the following:
  • SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
  • SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
  • SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
  • the base station sends data to the first user equipment by using the beam
  • the base station sends beam information of a beam of the sent data.
  • the beam information includes at least identification information and a synchronization signal of the beam.
  • the synchronization signal is used by the second user equipment to synchronize with the base station;
  • the identifier information of the beam is used by the first user equipment and the second user equipment to identify a beam sent by the base station.
  • the identifier information of the beam may be a simple beam number, or may be another code for identifying the beam, which is not limited in any embodiment of the present invention.
  • S203 Perform beam scanning alignment with the first user equipment and the second user equipment in a second subframe.
  • the first user equipment is a user equipment that has accessed the base station, and the user equipment is already capable of transmitting data with the base station, where the second user equipment is a user equipment to be accessed by the base station, and may be connected to one or more After the beam information, it is determined which beam is the best access beam, and the best beam information is fed back to the base station, and the base station can schedule the beam to the second user equipment according to the optimal beam information, so that the second user sets It can also perform data communication with the base station.
  • the scanned beam includes at least one beam in the first subframe scheduled to transmit data, and the second subframe is a next subframe in the first subframe.
  • the base station may scan at least one beam that does not include the previous subframe and is not scheduled for transmitting data in the first subframe. can.
  • the next subframe of the second subframe that is, in the third subframe, only the first subframe and the second subframe need to be scanned, at least one of which is not scheduled in the first subframe and the second subframe. It is enough to send the beam of data.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure for scanning alignment and data transmission, and a frame structure for scanning alignment and data transmission in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the high frequency narrow beam communication generally includes a scan alignment phase and a data transmission phase, and the scan alignment phase is used for narrow beam scan alignment, and each beam carries corresponding beam information.
  • the data transmission phase uses the scanned aligned beams for communication.
  • the beam needs to be switched 8 times.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the first subframe data transmission phase transmits the first to third beams.
  • the scanning information of the second subframe does not need to scan all the 1-8 beams, and only the scanning beams 4 to 8 are needed.
  • 10 OFDM symbols are allocated for beam scanning, saving overhead.
  • the second subframe transmits beams 1 to 5 in the data transmission phase, and the scanning phase of the third subframe only needs to scan the 6-8 beam, and only needs to allocate 6 OFDM symbols.
  • the beam information is inserted in the time-frequency resource block, so that it is not necessary to traverse the beam once in each subframe period, which reduces the consumption time of scanning alignment and the number of beam switching times; Moreover, all the beams can be periodically transmitted, which facilitates the access of new users; the dynamic adjustment of the scanning period is combined with the historical beam transmission, and no fixed scanning period is required, which can greatly reduce the scanning period in the entire frame structure.
  • the length of the time slot occupied by the device saves resource overhead.
  • the beam used for transmitting data may be a single beam, or may be two or more beams.
  • the beam information carried in the time-frequency resource may be switched to the beam information of the currently used beam according to the current used beam. Therefore, when the UE communicates with the base station, the beam information of the currently used beam can be accurately received.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure in an LTE architecture for carrying beam information, including several subframes in one frame, in each subframe. It includes several time slots, and can carry beam information in a certain time slot.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information may be located in different fields or the same field in the same subframe. When located in different fields, that is, the two are relatively independently set for the first UE to acquire step by step; specifically, the first user equipment may first synchronize with the base station transmitter through the synchronization signal, and then demodulate the beam identifier. information.
  • the synchronization signals of each beam may be the same or different.
  • the identification information of each beam is different.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information may be located in the same field in the same subframe. That is, the synchronization information and the beam identification information may be uniformly set together for the first user equipment to acquire at the same time. For example, a sequence can be used simultaneously for detection of synchronization signals and beam identification information.
  • the first UE implements synchronization signal and beam identification information demodulation at one time.
  • the beam information when the beam information is stored, the beam information may be stored in a preset fixed resource block; or
  • the storage location of the beam information is indicated by the base station.
  • FIG. 8 to FIG. 12 respectively correspond to time-frequency resource setting diagrams of the first to fourth embodiments of storing beam information. 8 to 11 belong to storing the beam information in a preset fixed resource block, which may include the following situations:
  • the preset continuous or interval frequency resources are selected to store the beam information; wherein, as shown in FIG. 8 , the abscissa is time and the ordinate is frequency.
  • the cross stripe is the beam identification information
  • the one-way diagonal stripe is the synchronization signal.
  • both the synchronization signal and the beam identification information are stored in a continuous frequency band; as shown in FIG. 9, the abscissa is time, the ordinate is frequency, and the cross stripe is beam identification information.
  • the diagonal stripes are sync signals.
  • both the synchronization signal and the beam identification information are stored in the separated frequency bands.
  • the beam information is stored in a time-division manner; wherein, the one-way diagonal stripe is a synchronization signal, the cross stripe is a beam identification information, and the blank part is a data part, and beam 0 to beam 1
  • the time slots are sequentially stored, and the first UE first receives the synchronization signal synchronization, and then demodulates the beam identification information.
  • the beam information is stored in a data field.
  • the first field in the data field identifies the beam identification information, the latter field indicates the length of the packet, and the last field indicates the modulation mode.
  • the location of the beam identification information in the data field may be fixed, or the base station may notify the first UE. .
  • the storage location of the beam information is indicated by the base station.
  • the cross stripe is the beam identification information
  • the diagonal stripe is the beam synchronizing signal
  • the beam 0 to the beam 3 can be randomly indicated, and then determined by the base station to notify the first UE.
  • the base station may inform the time-frequency resource location or the data field location of the beam information corresponding to each beam in advance.
  • the beam information is dynamically stored in a specific location to facilitate the reception and demodulation of the first UE.
  • the manner of knowing the first UE may be to notify the first UE or other existing manners through the low-frequency communication channel, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the above storage mode is applicable to the case where the synchronization signal and the beam identification information are independently set, and the same applies to the case where the two are uniformly set.
  • the UE device reports the detected information, and the secondary base station completes resource scheduling (which may include beam resource scheduling and idle time domain resource scheduling) and access of new users.
  • the method of reporting may be performed by using a random access procedure in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology, or a conventional low-frequency network access, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • the beam selection information is generated by the second user equipment according to the beam information sent by the base station and the demodulated beam quality information, and includes an optimal beam obtained by comparing the second user equipment according to beam quality information. Beam identification information and beam quality information of the optimal beam.
  • the beam selection information may be generated according to the beam information sent by the base station, where the beam selection information is
  • the second user equipment is generated according to the beam information sent by the base station and the demodulated beam quality information, and includes the beam identification information of the optimal beam and the beam of the optimal beam obtained by the second user equipment according to the beam quality information.
  • Quality information is The second user equipment.
  • the base station allocates a beam to the second user equipment according to the beam selection information, and performs data transmission with the second user equipment.
  • a third UE is introduced here and described with reference to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic flowchart of a first embodiment of a new user access method in a communication method according to the present invention.
  • UE1 for UE scheduling between two beam coverages, it is assumed that UE1 is connected.
  • UE2 has access to beam 2 (UE1 and UE2 are activated users),
  • UE3 is unexcited Live user, which is between beam 1 and beam 2 coverage. It is desirable to implement the UE3 optimal access procedure without adding a beam.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the base station uses the beam 1 to transmit data to the UE1 and carries the beam information at the same time;
  • the UE1 uses the beam information to demodulate the corresponding beam number, that is, the beam identification information and the beam quality information, and the data sent by the base station;
  • the base station simultaneously uses beam 1 to transmit beam information to UE3;
  • the UE3 demodulates the beam identification information and the beam quality information of the beam 1 by using the beam information;
  • the base station transmits data to the UE2 by using the beam 2, and carries the beam information at the same time;
  • the UE2 uses the beam information to demodulate the corresponding beam number, that is, the beam identification information and the beam quality information, and the data sent by the base station;
  • the base station simultaneously uses beam 2 to transmit beam information to UE3;
  • the UE3 uses the beam information to demodulate the beam identification information and the beam quality information of the beam 2;
  • UE3 compares the two beam quality information and determines the beam number of the access. It is assumed that beam 1 is selected for access here.
  • the UE1 reports the demodulated optimal beam number and beam quality information.
  • the UE2 reports the demodulated optimal beam number and beam quality information.
  • the UE3 reports the demodulated optimal beam number and beam quality information.
  • the base station performs resource scheduling according to the information reported by the three UEs;
  • the base station completes data transmission and scheduling with UE1;
  • the base station completes data transmission and scheduling with UE2;
  • the base station uses beam 1 to complete data transmission and scheduling with UE3.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic flowchart of a second embodiment of a new user access method in a communication method according to the present invention.
  • UE1 for UE scheduling between two beam coverages, it is assumed that UE1 is connected.
  • UE2 has access to beam 2 (UE1 and UE2 are activated users),
  • UE3 is an inactive user, which is within the coverage of beam 2 but not within the coverage of beam 1. I hope that I will not increase
  • the optimal access process of UE3 is implemented under the premise of adding a beam.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the base station uses the beam 1 to transmit data to the UE1 and carries the beam information at the same time;
  • the UE1 uses the beam information to demodulate the corresponding beam number, that is, the beam identification information and the beam quality information, and the data sent by the base station;
  • the base station simultaneously uses beam 1 to transmit beam information to UE3;
  • the base station transmits data to the UE2 by using the beam 2, and carries the beam information at the same time;
  • the UE2 uses the beam information to demodulate the corresponding beam number, that is, the beam identification information and the beam quality information, and the data sent by the base station;
  • the base station simultaneously uses beam 2 to transmit beam information to UE3;
  • the UE3 uses the beam information to demodulate the beam identification information and the beam quality information of the beam 2;
  • UE3 selects beam 2 access.
  • the UE1 reports the demodulated optimal beam number and beam quality information.
  • the UE2 reports the demodulated optimal beam number and beam quality information.
  • the UE3 reports the demodulated optimal beam number and beam quality information.
  • the base station performs resource scheduling according to the information reported by the three UEs;
  • the base station completes data transmission and scheduling with UE1;
  • the base station completes data transmission and scheduling with UE2;
  • the base station uses beam 1 to complete data transmission and scheduling with UE3.
  • the message carrying the beam information is sent to the UE3 that is not accessed during the data transmission phase with the UE1 and the UE2, so that the fast access of the inactive user can be achieved without additional transmit beam.
  • Information reduces resource overhead and improves access efficiency for new users.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a third embodiment of a communication method according to the present invention.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the first subframe may be a subframe when the base station is aligned with the first scan of the first UE, or may be a subframe of any time domain in the scan alignment phase.
  • the beam information includes at least identification information and a synchronization signal of the beam.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are located in different fields or the same field in the same subframe.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information may be independently set for the user equipment to acquire step by step;
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information may be uniformly set for the user equipment to acquire at the same time.
  • the identifier information of the beam may be a simple beam number, or may be another code for identifying the beam, which is not limited in any embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a fourth embodiment of a method for communication according to the present invention.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • S401 Determine, when the base station and the user equipment perform beam scanning alignment in the first subframe, a beam for transmitting data in the first subframe.
  • the first subframe may be a subframe when the base station is aligned with the first scan of the first UE, or may be a subframe of any time domain in the scan alignment phase.
  • the receiving base station sends the data by using the beam. Beam information sent when sending data.
  • the beam information includes at least identification information and a synchronization signal of the beam.
  • the scanned beam includes at least one beam in the first subframe scheduled to transmit data, and the second subframe is a next subframe in the first subframe.
  • the beam selection information is generated by the user equipment according to the beam information sent by the base station and the demodulated beam quality information, and includes beam identification information of the optimal beam obtained by comparing the user equipment according to beam quality information. Beam quality information of the optimal beam;
  • S407. Perform data transmission with the base station by using, by using, the beam allocated by the base station to the user equipment according to the beam selection information.
  • the base station includes:
  • the beam scanning unit 100 is configured to perform beam scanning alignment with the first user equipment in the first subframe to determine a beam for transmitting data in the first subframe.
  • the number of beams for transmitting data is greater than or equal to one.
  • the sending unit 200 is configured to send data to the first user equipment by using the beam, and send beam information of the beam, where the beam information includes at least identifier information and a synchronization signal of the beam;
  • the synchronization signal is used by the second user equipment to synchronize with the base station;
  • the identifier information of the beam is used by the first user equipment and the second user equipment to identify a beam sent by the base station.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are located in different fields or the same field in the same subframe.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are independently set for the first user to set Prepare the device or the second user device step by step; or
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are uniformly set for the first user equipment or the second user equipment to acquire at the same time.
  • the beam information is stored in a preset fixed resource block
  • the beam information is stored in a storage location designated by the base station.
  • the beam information is stored in a preset fixed resource block, and specifically includes:
  • selecting a preset continuous or spaced frequency resource to store the beam information selecting a preset continuous or spaced frequency resource to store the beam information
  • the beam information is stored in a time slot
  • the beam information is stored in a data field.
  • the base station includes:
  • the beam scanning unit 100 is configured to perform beam scanning alignment with the first user equipment in the first subframe to determine a beam for transmitting data in the first subframe.
  • the number of beams for transmitting data is greater than or equal to one.
  • the time-frequency resource is required to be carried.
  • the beam information is switched to the beam information of the second beam.
  • the beam information carried in the time-frequency resource is switched to the beam information of the third beam when the beam information is transmitted.
  • the first subframe may be a subframe when the base station is aligned with the first scan of the first UE, or may be a subframe of any time domain in the scan alignment phase.
  • the beam scanning alignment may be performed periodically.
  • the scanning alignment object may include the UE that has been accessed and the UE that is not accessed.
  • the scanned UE beam is scanned to determine whether the beam needs to be switched, and the UE beam that is not accessed. Scanning is to be able to access.
  • the base station needs to scan all beams available for data transmission in the first subframe.
  • the UE After synchronizing with the base station, the UE identifies the corresponding beam number, that is, the beam identification information, by demodulating the beam information, and optionally demodulates the beam quality information of the beam.
  • the beam quality information is used to indicate the channel state quality corresponding to the beam, where the beam quality information may include, but is not limited to, any one or more of the following:
  • SINR SINR
  • the sending unit 200 is configured to send data to the first user equipment by using the beam, and send beam information of the beam.
  • the beam information includes at least identification information and a synchronization signal of the beam
  • the synchronization signal is used by the second user equipment to synchronize with the base station;
  • the identifier information of the beam is used by the first user equipment and the second user equipment to identify a beam sent by the base station.
  • the identifier information of the beam may be a simple beam number, or may be another code for identifying the beam, which is not limited in any embodiment of the present invention.
  • the base station further includes: a receiving unit 300, and an allocating unit 400.
  • the beam scanning unit 100 is further configured to:
  • the first user equipment is a user equipment that has accessed the base station, and the user equipment is already capable of transmitting data with the base station
  • the second user equipment is a user equipment to be accessed by the base station, and may receive one or After the multiple beam information is determined, which beam is the best access beam, and the best beam information is fed back to the base station, the base station can schedule the beam to the second user equipment according to the optimal beam information, so that the second user equipment can also Data communication with the base station.
  • the base station can In the first subframe, at least one scan does not include a beam in which the previous subframe is not scheduled for transmitting data. In the next subframe of the second subframe, that is, in the third subframe, only the first subframe and the second subframe need to be scanned, at least one of which is not scheduled in the first subframe and the second subframe. It is enough to send the beam of data.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure for scanning alignment and data transmission, and a frame structure for scanning alignment and data transmission in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the high frequency narrow beam communication generally includes a scan alignment phase and a data transmission phase, and the scan alignment phase is used for narrow beam scan alignment, and each beam carries corresponding beam information.
  • the data transmission phase uses the scanned aligned beams for communication.
  • the beam needs to be switched 8 times.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the first subframe data transmission phase transmits the first to third beams.
  • the scanning information of the second subframe does not need to scan all the 1-8 beams, and only the scanning beams 4 to 8 are needed.
  • 10 OFDM symbols are allocated for beam scanning, saving overhead.
  • the second subframe transmits beams 1 to 5 in the data transmission phase, and the scanning phase of the third subframe only needs to scan the 6-8 beam, and only needs to allocate 6 OFDM symbols.
  • the beam information is inserted in the time-frequency resource block, so that it is not necessary to traverse the beam once in each subframe period, which reduces the consumption time of scanning alignment and the number of beam switching times; Moreover, all the beams can be periodically transmitted, which facilitates the access of new users; the dynamic adjustment of the scanning period is combined with the historical beam transmission, and no fixed scanning period is required, which can greatly reduce the scanning period in the entire frame structure.
  • the length of the time slot occupied by the device saves resource overhead.
  • the beam used to transmit data may be a single beam, it may be two or more beams.
  • the beam information carried in the time-frequency resource may be switched to the beam information of the currently used beam according to the current used beam. Therefore, when the UE communicates with the base station, the beam information of the currently used beam can be accurately received.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure in an LTE architecture for carrying beam information, including several subframes in one frame, in each subframe. It includes several time slots, and can carry beam information in a certain time slot.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information may be in different fields or the same field in the same subframe.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are independently set (located in different fields) for the first user equipment or the second user equipment to acquire step by step; or
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are uniformly set (located in the same field) for simultaneous acquisition by the first user equipment or the second user equipment.
  • the first UE may be separately configured for step-by-step acquisition by the first UE; in particular, the first user equipment may first synchronize with the base station transmitter through the synchronization signal, and then demodulate the beam identification information.
  • the synchronization signals of each beam may be the same or different.
  • the identification information of each beam is different.
  • the synchronization information and the beam identification information may be uniformly set for the first user equipment to acquire at the same time.
  • a sequence can be used simultaneously for detection of synchronization signals and beam identification information.
  • the first UE implements synchronization signal and beam identification information demodulation at one time.
  • the beam information is stored in a preset fixed resource block
  • the beam information is stored in a storage location designated by the base station.
  • the beam information is stored in a preset fixed resource block, and specifically includes:
  • selecting preset continuous or spaced frequency resources to store the beam information selecting preset continuous or spaced frequency resources to store the beam information
  • the beam information is stored in a time slot
  • the beam information is stored in a data field.
  • FIG. 8 to FIG. 12 respectively correspond to time-frequency resource setting diagrams of the first to fourth embodiments of storing beam information. 8 to 11 belong to storing the beam information in a preset fixed resource block, which may include the following situations:
  • the preset continuous or interval frequency resources are selected to store the beam information; wherein, as shown in FIG. 8 , the abscissa is time and the ordinate is frequency.
  • the cross stripe is the beam identification information
  • the one-way diagonal stripe is the synchronization signal.
  • both the synchronization signal and the beam identification information are stored in a continuous frequency band; as shown in FIG. 9, the abscissa is time, the ordinate is frequency, and the cross stripe is beam identification information.
  • the diagonal stripes are sync signals.
  • both the synchronization signal and the beam identification information are stored in the separated frequency bands.
  • the beam information is stored in a time-division manner; wherein, the one-way diagonal stripe is a synchronization signal, the cross stripe is a beam identification information, and the blank part is a data part, and beam 0 to beam 1
  • the time slots are sequentially stored, and the first UE first receives the synchronization signal synchronization, and then demodulates the beam identification information.
  • the beam information is stored in a data field.
  • the first field in the data field identifies the beam identification information, the latter field indicates the length of the packet, and the last field indicates the modulation mode.
  • the location of the beam identification information in the data field may be fixed, or the base station may notify the first UE. .
  • the storage location of the beam information is indicated by the base station.
  • the cross stripe is the beam identification information
  • the diagonal stripe is the beam synchronizing signal
  • the beam 0 to the beam 3 can be randomly indicated, and then determined by the base station to notify the first UE.
  • the base station may inform the time-frequency resource location or the data field location of the beam information corresponding to each beam in advance. Moves during the scanning alignment phase and the data transmission phase
  • the mode of storing the beam information at a specific location is convenient for the first UE to receive and demodulate.
  • the manner in which the base station informs the first UE may be to notify the first UE or other existing modes through the low frequency communication channel, in the embodiment of the present invention. Do not make any restrictions.
  • the above storage mode is applicable to the case where the synchronization signal and the beam identification information are independently set, and the same applies to the case where the two are uniformly set.
  • the receiving unit 300 is configured to receive beam quality information demodulated by the first user equipment and the second user equipment according to the beam information sent by the base station.
  • the receiving unit 300 is further configured to receive beam selection information reported by the second user equipment, where the beam selection information is demodulated by the second user equipment according to the beam information sent by the base station.
  • the beam quality information is generated, and includes beam identification information of the optimal beam and beam quality information of the optimal beam obtained by the second user equipment according to the beam quality information.
  • the allocating unit 400 is configured to allocate a beam to the second user equipment according to the beam selection information, and perform data transmission with the second user equipment.
  • the beam selection information may be generated according to the beam information sent by the base station, where the beam selection information is
  • the second user equipment is generated according to the beam information sent by the base station and the demodulated beam quality information, and includes the beam identification information of the optimal beam and the beam of the optimal beam obtained by the second user equipment according to the beam quality information.
  • Quality information is The second user equipment.
  • the base station allocates a beam to the second user equipment according to the beam selection information, and performs data transmission with the second user equipment.
  • a third UE is introduced here and described with reference to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic flowchart of a first embodiment of a new user access method in a communication method according to the present invention.
  • UE1 for UE scheduling between two beam coverages, it is assumed that UE1 is connected.
  • UE2 Into beam 1, UE2 has access to beam 2 (UE1 and UE2 are activated users), and UE3 is an inactive user, which is between beam 1 and beam 2 coverage. I hope to implement UE3 without adding a beam.
  • Optimal access process for UE scheduling between two beam coverages.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the base station uses the beam 1 to transmit data to the UE1 and carries the beam information at the same time;
  • the UE1 uses the beam information to demodulate the corresponding beam number, that is, the beam identification information and the beam quality information, and the data sent by the base station;
  • the base station simultaneously uses beam 1 to transmit beam information to UE3;
  • the UE3 demodulates the beam identification information and the beam quality information of the beam 1 by using the beam information;
  • the base station transmits data to the UE2 by using the beam 2, and carries the beam information at the same time;
  • the UE2 uses the beam information to demodulate the corresponding beam number, that is, the beam identification information and the beam quality information, and the data sent by the base station;
  • the base station simultaneously uses beam 2 to transmit beam information to UE3;
  • the UE3 uses the beam information to demodulate the beam identification information and the beam quality information of the beam 2;
  • UE3 compares the two beam quality information and determines the beam number of the access. It is assumed that beam 1 is selected for access here.
  • the UE1 reports the demodulated optimal beam number and beam quality information.
  • the UE2 reports the demodulated optimal beam number and beam quality information.
  • the UE3 reports the demodulated optimal beam number and beam quality information.
  • the base station performs resource scheduling according to the information reported by the three UEs;
  • the base station completes data transmission and scheduling with UE1;
  • the base station completes data transmission and scheduling with UE2;
  • the base station uses beam 1 to complete data transmission and scheduling with UE3.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic flowchart of a second embodiment of a new user access method in a communication method according to the present invention.
  • UE1 for UE scheduling between two beam coverages, it is assumed that UE1 is connected.
  • UE2 has access to beam 2 (UE1 and UE2 are activated users),
  • UE3 is an inactive user, which is within the coverage of beam 2 but not within the coverage of beam 1. It is desirable to implement the UE3 optimal access procedure without adding a beam.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the base station uses the beam 1 to transmit data to the UE1 and carries the beam information at the same time;
  • the UE1 uses the beam information to demodulate the corresponding beam number, that is, the beam identification information and the beam quality information, and the data sent by the base station;
  • the base station simultaneously uses beam 1 to transmit beam information to UE3;
  • the base station transmits data to the UE2 by using the beam 2, and carries the beam information at the same time;
  • the UE2 uses the beam information to demodulate the corresponding beam number, that is, the beam identification information and the beam quality information, and the data sent by the base station;
  • the base station simultaneously uses beam 2 to transmit beam information to UE3;
  • the UE3 uses the beam information to demodulate the beam identification information and the beam quality information of the beam 2;
  • UE3 selects beam 2 access.
  • the UE1 reports the demodulated optimal beam number and beam quality information.
  • the UE2 reports the demodulated optimal beam number and beam quality information.
  • the UE3 reports the demodulated optimal beam number and beam quality information.
  • the base station performs resource scheduling according to the information reported by the three UEs;
  • the base station completes data transmission and scheduling with UE1;
  • the base station completes data transmission and scheduling with UE2;
  • the base station uses beam 1 to complete data transmission and scheduling with UE3.
  • the message carrying the beam information is sent to the UE3 that is not accessed during the data transmission phase with the UE1 and the UE2, so that the fast access of the inactive user can be achieved without additional transmit beam.
  • Information reduces resource overhead and improves access efficiency for new users.
  • the above-mentioned beam scanning unit 100, the transmitting unit 200, the receiving unit 300, and the allocating unit 400 may exist independently or in an integrated manner.
  • the beam scanning unit 100, the sending unit 200, the receiving unit 300, or the allocating unit 400 can be independent of the base station in the form of hardware
  • the processor is separately provided, and the setting form may be in the form of a microprocessor; it may also be embedded in the processor of the base station in hardware form, or may be stored in the memory of the base station in software to facilitate processing by the base station.
  • the device invokes operations corresponding to the above beam scanning unit 100, transmitting unit 200, receiving unit 300, and allocation unit 400.
  • the beam scanning unit 100 may be a processor of the base station, and the functions of the sending unit 200, the receiving unit 300, and the allocating unit 400 may be Embedded in the processor, it can also be set independently of the processor, or can be stored in the memory in the form of software, and the function is called by the processor.
  • the embodiment of the invention does not impose any limitation.
  • the above processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a single chip microcomputer, or the like.
  • the base station includes:
  • a receiver 110 a transmitter 120, a memory 130, and a processor 140
  • the receiver 110, the transmitter 120, the memory 130, and the processor 140 are connected to a bus
  • the memory 130 stores a set of program codes
  • the processor 140 is configured to invoke the program code stored in the memory 130 to perform the following operations:
  • the transmitter 120 Instructing the transmitter 120 to transmit beam information of a beam of the transmitted data when transmitting data to the first user equipment, where the beam information includes at least identifier information and a synchronization signal of the beam;
  • the synchronization signal is used by the second user equipment to synchronize with the base station;
  • the identifier information of the beam is used by the first user equipment and the second user equipment to identify a beam sent by the base station.
  • the processor 140 is further configured to:
  • the first user equipment and the second user equipment perform beam scanning alignment with the first user equipment and the second user equipment in a second subframe, where the scanned beam does not include at least one of the first subframes scheduled for use.
  • the second subframe is the next subframe of the first subframe.
  • the receiver 110 is configured to receive beam quality information that is demodulated by the first user equipment and the second user equipment according to the beam information sent by the base station, where the first user equipment is an access point.
  • the receiver 110 is configured to receive beam selection information reported by the second user equipment, where the beam selection information is used by the second user equipment according to beam information and demodulated beams sent by the base station. Generating information, including beam identification information of the optimal beam and beam quality information of the optimal beam obtained by the second user equipment according to the beam quality information;
  • the processor 140 is further configured to allocate a beam to the second user equipment according to the beam selection information, and instruct the receiver 110 and the transmitter 120 to perform data transmission with the second user equipment.
  • the number of beams used for transmitting data in the first subframe is greater than one, and the beam used for transmitting data is switched from the first beam to the second beam, when the beam information is sent, the time-frequency is The beam information carried in the resource is switched to the beam information of the second beam.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are located in different fields or the same field in the same subframe.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are independently set for the first user equipment or the second user equipment to acquire step by step;
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are uniformly set for the first user equipment or the second user equipment to acquire at the same time.
  • the beam information is stored in a preset fixed resource block
  • the processor 140 is further configured to indicate a storage location of the beam information.
  • the beam information is stored in a preset fixed resource block, and includes:
  • selecting a preset continuous or spaced frequency resource to store the beam information selecting a preset continuous or spaced frequency resource to store the beam information
  • the beam information is stored in a time slot
  • the beam information is stored in a data field.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium is stored There is stored a program which, when executed, includes some or all of the steps recited in any one of the first to second embodiments of the method of communication of the present invention.
  • the user equipment includes:
  • the beam scanning unit 500 is configured to determine, when the base station and the user equipment perform beam scanning alignment in the first subframe, a beam for transmitting data in the first subframe.
  • the number of beams for transmitting data is greater than or equal to one.
  • the receiving unit 600 is configured to: when the base station sends data to the user equipment, receive the beam information that is sent by the base station when the data is sent by using the beam, where the beam information includes at least the identification information and the synchronization signal of the beam;
  • the synchronization unit 700 is configured to synchronize with the base station according to the synchronization signal
  • the identifying unit 800 is configured to identify a beam sent by the base station according to the identifier information of the beam.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are located in different fields or the same field in the same subframe.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are independently set for the processor to acquire step by step;
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are uniformly set for the processor to acquire at the same time.
  • the user equipment in the embodiment of the present invention may be a user equipment that has accessed the base station, or a user equipment that is not connected to the base station, and when it has accessed the base station, may be allocated according to the current allocation.
  • the beam transmits data to the base station and reduces the beam of each scan to improve the beam scanning alignment time when the beam scanning is aligned, and can also report the beam quality information for the base station to perform more optimized beam scheduling; when it is not connected to the base station,
  • the base station sends data to other accessed user equipments, it receives the beam information sent by the base station, and can demodulate the beam quality information.
  • the beam identification information (such as the beam number) and the beam quality information of the beam with the best quality relative to itself are reported, so that the base station can reduce the time of beam scanning alignment with the beam, and directly allocate the beam with better quality.
  • the implementation is not connected Fast access to user equipment.
  • the user equipment includes:
  • the beam scanning unit 500 is configured to determine, when the base station and the user equipment perform beam scanning alignment in the first subframe, a beam for transmitting data in the first subframe.
  • the number of beams for transmitting data is greater than or equal to one.
  • the receiving unit 600 is configured to: when the base station sends data to the user equipment, receive the beam information that is sent by the base station when the data is sent by using the beam, where the beam information includes at least the identification information and the synchronization signal of the beam;
  • the synchronization unit 700 is configured to synchronize with the base station according to the synchronization signal
  • the identifying unit 800 is configured to identify a beam sent by the base station according to the identifier information of the beam.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are located in different fields or the same field in the same subframe.
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are independently set for the processor to acquire step by step;
  • the synchronization signal and the identification information in the beam information are uniformly set for the processor to acquire at the same time.
  • the user equipment further includes: a reporting unit 900.
  • the beam scanning unit 500 is further configured to:
  • Beam scanning alignment with the base station in a second subframe wherein the scanned beam does not include at least one beam in the first subframe scheduled to transmit data, and the second subframe is the first The next subframe of the subframe.
  • the reporting unit 900 is configured to report beam selection information to the base station, where the beam selection information is generated by the user equipment according to the beam information sent by the base station and the demodulated beam quality information, where the user equipment is included according to the The beam identification information of the optimal beam and the beam quality information of the optimal beam obtained after comparing the beam quality information;
  • the receiving unit 600 is further configured to perform data transmission with the base station by using a beam allocated by the base station to the user equipment according to the beam selection information.
  • the above-mentioned beam scanning unit 500, the receiving unit 600, the synchronization unit 700, the identification unit 800, and the reporting unit 900 may exist independently or in an integrated manner.
  • the identification unit 800 or the reporting unit 900 may be separately set in hardware form independently of the processor of the user equipment, and may be in the form of a microprocessor; or may be embedded in the processor of the user equipment in hardware. It can also be stored in the memory of the user equipment in software, so that the processor of the user equipment invokes the operations corresponding to the above beam scanning unit 500, the receiving unit 600, the synchronization unit 700, the identification unit 800, and the reporting unit 900.
  • the beam scanning unit 500 may be a processor of the user equipment, and the receiving unit 600, the synchronization unit 700, the identification unit 800, and the reporting unit
  • the functions of the 900 can be embedded in the processor, or can be set separately from the processor, or can be stored in the memory in the form of software, and the functions are called by the processor.
  • the embodiment of the invention does not impose any limitation.
  • the above processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a single chip microcomputer, or the like.
  • the user equipment includes:
  • a receiver 210, a transmitter 220, a memory 230, and a processor 240 the receiver 210, the transmitter 220, the memory 230, and the processor 240 are connected to a bus, wherein the memory 230 stores a set of program codes,
  • the processor 240 is configured to invoke the program code stored in the memory 230 to perform the following operations:
  • the base station When the base station is transmitting data to the user equipment, receiving, by the base station, beam information that is sent when the data is sent by using the beam, where the beam information includes at least the identification information and the synchronization signal of the beam;
  • processor 240 is further configured to:
  • Beam scanning alignment with the base station in a second subframe wherein the scanned beam does not include at least one beam in the first subframe scheduled to transmit data, and the second subframe is the first The next subframe of the subframe.
  • the transmitter 220 is configured to report beam selection information to the base station, where the beam selection information is generated by the processor according to the beam information sent by the base station and the demodulated beam quality information, where The beam identification information of the optimal beam and the beam quality information of the optimal beam obtained by the processor according to the beam quality information are compared;
  • the receiver 210 and the transmitter 220 are further configured to perform data transmission with the base station by using a beam allocated by the base station to the user equipment according to the beam selection information.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium stores a program, where the program includes a part recorded in any one of the third to fourth embodiments of the communication method of the present invention or All steps.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the beam information of the beam is inserted in the time-frequency resource block, so that it is not necessary to traverse the beam once in each subframe period, which reduces the consumption time of scanning alignment and the number of beam switching times; combined with the historical beam
  • the dynamic adjustment of the scan period does not require a fixed scan period, which greatly reduces the length of the time slot occupied by the scan period in the entire frame structure, saves resource overhead, and ensures that all beams can be periodically transmitted.
  • the unaccessed user can obtain the beam information when the accessed user and the base station transmit data, which facilitates the quick access of subsequent new users.
  • the foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program is executed when executed.
  • the foregoing steps include the steps of the foregoing method embodiments; and the foregoing storage medium includes: a medium that can store program codes, such as a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种通信的方法，包括：基站与第一用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个；所述基站利用所述波束向所述第一用户设备发送数据时，发送所述发送数据的波束的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；所述同步信号用于第二用户设备与所述基站进行同步；所述波束的标识信息用于所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备识别所述基站发送的波束。本发明实施例还公开了一种基站及用户设备。采用本发明，可减少扫描对准的时间，方便未接入用户快速接入。

Description

一种通信的方法、基站及用户设备 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种通信的方法、基站及用户设备。
背景技术
随着移动终端数量以及用户数据量需求的提升，目前6G以下的频段所具有的带宽已不足以满足日益增长的通信数据量的需求，因此应用具有丰富带宽资源的高频(30G～300G或更高频段)作为回传和接入频点将成为趋势。但与6G以下的频段相比，高频的显著特点之一是路径损耗大，为保证一定的传播距离，高频的波束必须比较窄以达到较大的增益。然而窄波束系统的覆盖范围有限，为了最大程度的获取天线增益，必须要求基站(Base Station，简称BS)端和用户设备(User Equipment，简称UE)之间先进行窄波束扫描对准再进行数据传输，从而实现BS和UE之间的正常通信。
在现有技术的扫描对准阶段，需要在每个子帧内配置固定一段时隙用于周期性扫描，且每次扫描需要将所有方向全部遍历一次，才能筛选出最佳的发送波束和接收波束的组合，从而完成后续的数据传输。例如，发送端有4个不同的波束(Z1～Z4)，每个波束携带自身相应的波束信息。在每一个子帧的初始阶段扫描完这4个波束，每个波束占用一定的时隙，例如10us。这样每一个帧的前40us都用于波束扫描对准。后面960us用于数据传输。接收端也有4个波束(RX1～RX4)，每一个子帧1ms更换一次扫描波束。这样总共需要4ms的时间，接收和发送波束才能够完成全部16种波束组合。接收端解调出发送端各个波束的波束信息，然后将最佳组合的发送波束和接收波束的信息在数据传输阶段反馈给发送端(例如发送波束为Z3，接收波束为R2)。发送端在数据传输阶段采用Z3波束进行发送，接收端采用R2波束进行接收。由于在整个过程中，每个子帧内需要配置固定一段时隙用于扫描，每次扫描需要将所有方向全部遍历一次，因此需要消耗大量时间，占用较多的资源。
发明内容
本发明实施例所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种通信的方法、基站及用户设备。以解决窄波束通信扫描时间长、资源占用较多的问题。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种通信的方法，包括：
基站与第一用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个；
所述基站利用所述波束向所述第一用户设备发送数据时，发送所述发送数据的波束的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
所述同步信号用于第二用户设备与所述基站进行同步；
所述波束的标识信息用于所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备识别所述基站发送的波束。
结合第一方面的实现方式，在第一方面第一种可能的实现方式中，所述基站与所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
结合第一方面、或第一方面第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面第二种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：接收所述第一用户设备及第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息解调出的波束质量信息，所述第一用户设备为已接入所述基站的用户设备，所述第二用户设备为待接入所述基站的用户设备。
结合第一方面、或第一方面第一种至第二种任一可能的实现方式，在第一方面第三种可能的实现方式中，还包括：
所述基站接收所述第二用户设备上报的波束选择信息，所述波束选择信息由所述第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述第二用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
根据所述波束选择信息为所述第二用户设备分配波束，与所述第二用户设备进行数据传输。
结合第一方面、或第一方面第一种至第三种任一可能的实现方式，在第一方面第四种可能的实现方式中，若所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束的数量大于一个，且用于发送数据的波束由第一波束切换为第二波束，则在发送波束信息时，将时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第二波束的波束信息。
结合第一方面、或第一方面第一种至第四种任一可能的实现方式，在第一方面第五种可能的实现方式中，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。结合第一方面、或第一方面第一种至第五种任一可能的实现方式，在第一方面第六种可能的实现方式中，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块；或
由所述基站指示所述波束信息的存储位置。
结合第一方面、或第一方面第一种至第六种任一可能的实现方式，在第一方面第七种可能的实现方式中，
所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块，包括：
在多载波系统中，选取预设的连续或间隔的频率资源存储所述波束信息；或
在单载波系统中，分时段存储所述波束信息；或
将所述波束信息存储于数据字段中。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种通信的方法，包括：
在基站与用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准时，确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束；
当基站在向用户设备发送数据时，接收所述基站在利用所述波束发送数据时发送的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
根据所述同步信号与所述基站进行同步；
根据所述波束的标识信息识别所述基站发送的波束。
结合第二方面的实现方式，在第二方面第一种可能的实现方式中，所述用户设备与所述基站在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子 帧的下一个子帧。
结合第二方面、或第二方面第一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面第二种可能的实现方式中，还包括：
所述用户设备上报波束选择信息至所述基站，所述波束选择信息由所述用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
使用所述基站根据所述波束选择信息为所述用户设备分配的波束，与所述基站进行数据传输。
结合第二方面、或第二方面第一种至第二种任一可能的实现方式，在第二方面第三种可能的实现方式中，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供了一种基站，包括：
波束扫描单元，用于与第一用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个；
发送单元，用于利用所述波束向所述第一用户设备发送数据，并发送所述波束的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
所述同步信号用于第二用户设备与所述基站进行同步；
所述波束的标识信息用于所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备识别所述基站发送的波束。
结合第三方面的实现方式，在第三方面第一种可能的实现方式中，所述波束扫描单元还用于与所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
结合第三方面、或第三方面第一种可能的实现方式，在第三方面第二种可能的实现方式中，还包括：
接收单元，用于接收所述第一用户设备及第二用户设备根据所述基站发送 的波束信息解调出的波束质量信息，所述第一用户设备为已接入所述基站的用户设备，所述第二用户设备为待接入所述基站的用户设备。
结合第三方面、或第三方面第一种至第二种任一可能的实现方式，在第三方面第三种可能的实现方式中，所述接收单元还用于接收所述第二用户设备上报的波束选择信息，所述波束选择信息由所述第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述第二用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
所述基站还包括：
分配单元，用于根据所述波束选择信息为所述第二用户设备分配波束，与所述第二用户设备进行数据传输。
结合第三方面、或第三方面第一种至第三种任一可能的实现方式，在第三方面第四种可能的实现方式中，若所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束的数量大于一个，且用于发送数据的波束由第一波束切换为第二波束，则在发送波束信息时，将时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第二波束的波束信息。
结合第三方面、或第三方面第一种至第四种任一可能的实现方式，在第三方面第五种可能的实现方式中，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。结合第三方面、或第三方面第一种至第五种任一可能的实现方式，在第三方面第六种可能的实现方式中，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块；或
所述波束信息存储于所述基站指定的存储位置。
结合第三方面、或第三方面第一种至第六种任一可能的实现方式，在第三方面第七种可能的实现方式中，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块，包括：
在多载波系统中，选取预设的连续或间隔的频率资源存储所述波束信息；或
在单载波系统中，分时段存储所述波束信息；或
将所述波束信息存储于数据字段中。
第四方面，本发明实施例提供了一种基站，包括：
接收器、发射器、存储器和处理器，所述接收器、发射器、存储器和处理器与总线连接，其中，所述存储器中存储一组程序代码，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行以下操作：
与第一用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个；
指示所述发射器在向所述第一用户设备发送数据时，发送所述发送数据的波束的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
所述同步信号用于第二用户设备与所述基站进行同步；
所述波束的标识信息用于所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备识别所述基站发送的波束。
结合第四方面的实现方式，在第四方面第一种可能的实现方式中，
所述处理器还用于：
与所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
结合第四方面、或第四方面第一种可能的实现方式，在第四方面第二种可能的实现方式中，所述接收器用于接收所述第一用户设备及第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息解调出的波束质量信息，所述第一用户设备为已接入所述基站的用户设备，所述第二用户设备为待接入所述基站的用户设备。
结合第四方面、或第四方面第一种至第二种任一可能的实现方式，在第四方面第三种可能的实现方式中，所述接收器用于接收所述第二用户设备上报的波束选择信息，所述波束选择信息由所述第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述第二用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
所述处理器还用于根据所述波束选择信息为所述第二用户设备分配波束，指示所述接收器和发射器与所述第二用户设备进行数据传输。
结合第四方面、或第四方面第一种至第三种任一可能的实现方式，在第四方面第四种可能的实现方式中，若所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束的数量大于一个，且用于发送数据的波束由第一波束切换为第二波束，则在发送波束 信息时，将时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第二波束的波束信息。
结合第四方面、或第四方面第一种至第四种任一可能的实现方式，在第四方面第五种可能的实现方式中，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。结合第四方面、或第四方面第一种至第五种任一可能的实现方式，在第四方面第六种可能的实现方式中，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块；或
所述处理器还用于指示所述波束信息的存储位置。
结合第四方面、或第四方面第一种至第六种任一可能的实现方式，在第四方面第七种可能的实现方式中，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块，包括：
在多载波系统中，选取预设的连续或间隔的频率资源存储所述波束信息；或
在单载波系统中，分时段存储所述波束信息；或
将所述波束信息存储于数据字段中。
第五方面，本发明实施例还提供了一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质存储有程序，该程序执行时包括如本发明实施例第一至第二方面任一实施方式所述的步骤。
第六方面，本发明实施例提供了一种用户设备，包括：
波束扫描单元，用于在基站与用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准时，确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束；
接收单元，当基站在向用户设备发送数据时，接收所述基站在利用所述波束发送数据时发送的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
同步单元，用于根据所述同步信号与所述基站进行同步；
识别单元，用于根据所述波束的标识信息识别所述基站发送的波束。
结合第六方面的实现方式，在第六方面第一种可能的实现方式中，所述波束扫描单元还用于：
波束扫描单元与所述基站在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
结合第六方面、或第六方面第一种可能的实现方式，在第六方面第二种可能的实现方式中，还包括：
上报单元，用于上报波束选择信息至所述基站，所述波束选择信息由所述用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
所述接收单元还用于使用所述基站根据所述波束选择信息为所述用户设备分配的波束，与所述基站进行数据传输。
结合第六方面、或第六方面第一种至第二种任一可能的实现方式，在第六方面第三种可能的实现方式中，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
第七方面，本发明实施例提供了一种用户设备，包括：
接收器、发射器、存储器和处理器，所述接收器、发射器、存储器和处理器与总线连接，其中，
所述存储器中存储一组程序代码，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行以下操作：
在基站与用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准时，确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束；
当基站在向用户设备发送数据时，接收所述基站在利用所述波束发送数据时发送的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
根据所述同步信号与所述基站进行同步；
根据所述波束的标识信息识别所述基站发送的波束。
结合第七方面的实现方式，在第七方面第一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器还用于：
所述处理器还用于：
与所述基站在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
结合第七方面、或第七方面第一种可能的实现方式，在第七方面第二种可能的实现方式中，所述发射器用于上报波束选择信息至所述基站，所述波束选择信息由所述处理器根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述处理器根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
所述接收器和所述发射器还用于使用所述基站根据所述波束选择信息为所述用户设备分配的波束，与所述基站进行数据传输。
结合第七方面、或第七方面第一种至第二种任一可能的实现方式，在第七方面第三种可能的实现方式中，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
第八方面，本发明实施例提供了一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质存储有程序，该程序执行时包括如本发明实施例第三至第四方面任一实施方式所述的步骤。
实施本发明实施例，具有如下有益效果：
由于基站在向第一UE发送数据时携带的波束信息同时也会发送至第二UE，因此基站和第一UE在下一子帧扫描对准时，可不再重复扫描已调度的部分或全部波束，有助于减少扫描时间，减少了扫描时时频资源的占用，且第二UE在接收基站与第一UE传输数据时能接收到波束信息，因此第二UE可根据波束获知可接入的波束，从而方便第二UE的快速接入。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施 例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一种通信的方法的第一实施例的流程示意图；
图2是本发明一种通信的方法的第二实施例的流程示意图；
图3是本发明一种通信的方法的第三实施例的流程示意图；
图4是本发明一种通信的方法的第四实施例的流程示意图；
图5是一种用于扫描对准和数据传输的帧结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例中用于扫描对准和数据传输的帧结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例中用于携带波束信息的LTE架构中的帧结构示意图；
图8是本发明存储波束信息的第一实施方式的时频资源设置示意图；
图9是本发明存储波束信息的第二实施方式的时频资源设置示意图；
图10是本发明存储波束信息的第三实施方式的时频资源设置示意图；
图11是本发明存储波束信息的第四实施方式的时频资源设置示意图；
图12是本发明存储波束信息的第五实施方式的时频资源设置示意图；
图13是本发明一种通信的方法中新用户接入的第一实施例的流程示意图；
图14是本发明一种通信的方法中新用户接入的第二实施例的流程示意图；
图15是本发明一种基站的第一实施例的组成示意图；
图16是本发明一种基站的第二实施例的组成示意图；
图17是本发明一种基站的第三实施例的组成示意图；
图18是本发明一种用户设备的第一实施例的组成示意图；
图19是本发明一种用户设备的第二实施例的组成示意图；
图20是本发明一种用户设备的第三实施例的组成示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例可应用于高频无线蜂窝传输系统中，也可以应用于802.11ad无线千兆比特(Wireless Gigabit，简称WiGig)系统中，即本发明实施例中所述的通信的方法、基站及用户设备可应用于基站与用户设备进行波束通信的场景下，且用户设备为基站发送波束可以覆盖到的用户设备，其可以是已激活用户即已接入基站某一发送波束的用户或非激活用户即未接入基站任一发送波束的用户。通过本发明实施例所述的方法可提升基站与已激活用户即已接入用户扫描对准的效率，减少非激活用户即未接入用户接入系统的时间。下面结合图1-图20进行详细说明。
请参照图1，为本发明一种通信的方法的第一实施例的流程示意图，在本实施例中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S101，基站与第一用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束。
其中，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个。
若所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束的数量大于一个，且用于发送数据的波束由第一波束切换为第二波束，则在发送波束信息时，将需要时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第二波束的波束信息。同理可知，若用于发送数据的波束由第二波束切换为第三波束时，则在发送波束信息时，将时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第三波束的波束信息。
S102，所述基站利用所述波束向所述第一用户设备发送数据时，发送所述发送数据的波束的波束信息。
所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号。
所述同步信号用于第二用户设备与所述基站进行同步；
所述波束的标识信息用于所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备识别所述基站发送的波束。
可选地，所述波束的标识信息可以是简单的波束号，也可以是其他用于标识波束的代码，本发明实施例不作任何限定。
其中，所述第一用户设备为已接入所述基站的用户设备，其已经可以和基站传输数据，所述第二用户设备为待接入所述基站的用户设备，其可以接到一个或多个波束信息后再判断通过哪个波束是最佳接入波束，并将最佳波束信息反馈给基站，基站则可以根据最佳波束信息调度波束给第二用户设备，使第二用户设备亦可与基站进行数据通信。
由于基站在向第一UE发送数据时携带的波束信息同时也会发送至第二UE，因此基站和第一UE在下一子帧扫描对准时，可不再重复扫描已调度的部分或全部波束，有助于减少扫描时间，减少了扫描时时频资源的占用，且第二UE在接收基站与第一UE传输数据时能接收到波束信息，因此第二UE可根据波束获知可接入的波束，从而方便第二UE的快速接入。
请参照图2，为本发明一种通信的方法的第二实施例的流程示意图，在本实施例中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S201，基站与第一用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束。
其中，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个。
若所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束的数量大于一个，且用于发送数据的波束由第一波束切换为第二波束，则在发送波束信息时，将需要时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第二波束的波束信息。同理可知，若用于发送数据的波束由第二波束切换为第三波束时，则在发送波束信息时，将时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第三波束的波束信息。
可选地，所述第一子帧可以是基站与第一UE初次扫描对准时的子帧，也可以是扫描对准阶段的任意时域的子帧。
波束扫描对准可周期性的进行，扫描对准的对象可包括已经接入的UE及未接入的UE，已接入的UE波束扫描是为了判断是否需要切换波束，未接入的UE波束扫描是为了能够接入。
可选地，若在第一子帧周期之前未有被调用来传输数据的波束，则所述基站在第一子帧内需扫描所有可用于数据传输的波束。UE与基站同步后，通过解调波束信息识别出对应的波束号即波束标识信息，并且可选的可解调出该波束的波束质量信息。所述波束质量信息用于指示波束对应的信道状态质量，此处波束质量信息可以包括但不限于以下的任意一种或多种：
信噪比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio，简称SNR)、信号与干扰加噪声比(Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio，简称SINR)、信号能量。
S202，所述基站利用所述波束向所述第一用户设备发送数据时，发送所述发送数据的波束的波束信息。
所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号。
所述同步信号用于第二用户设备与所述基站进行同步；
所述波束的标识信息用于所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备识别所述基站发送的波束。
可选地，所述波束的标识信息可以是简单的波束号，也可以是其他用于标识波束的代码，本发明实施例不作任何限定。
S203，与所述第一用户设备及第二用户设备在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准。
所述第一用户设备为已接入所述基站的用户设备，其已经可以和基站传输数据，所述第二用户设备为待接入所述基站的用户设备，其可以接到一个或多个波束信息后再判断通过哪个波束是最佳接入波束，并将最佳波束信息反馈给基站，基站则可以根据最佳波束信息调度波束给第二用户设备，使第二用户设 备亦可与基站进行数据通信。
其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
即在第二子帧扫描阶段，不再重复扫描第一子帧传输阶段已调度的所有波束或其中部分波束，能够节省扫描时间即可。
同理，若在第一子帧周期之前已有被调用来传输数据的波束，则基站可在第一子帧内，扫描至少一个不包括上一子帧未被调度用于发送数据的波束即可。而在第二子帧的下一个子帧即第三子帧内，只需要扫描第一子帧和第二子帧中至少不包括一个在第一子帧和第二子帧中未被调度用于发送数据的波束即可。
例如，可参见图5和图6，分别为一种用于扫描对准和数据传输的帧结构示意图和本发明实施例中用于扫描对准和数据传输的帧结构示意图。如图5所示，高频窄波束通信一般包括扫描对准阶段和数据传输阶段，扫描对准阶段用于窄波束扫描对准，每个波束携带相应的波束信息。数据传输阶段则利用扫描对准的波束进行通信。假设共有8个方向需要扫描，在每一子帧里，波束需要切换8次。在每一个波束里，如果有16个正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，简称OFDM)符号用于发送波束信息进行扫描，相当于每个子帧都要固定分配16个OFDM符号用于这个过程。
而在本发明实施例中，可参照图6，第一子帧周期将8个方向全部遍历一遍，分配16个OFDM符号用于扫描，且第一子帧数据传输阶段发送了1～3号波束。由于1～3号波束里和扫描阶段的波束发送一样，都插入了波束信息，因此第二子帧的扫描阶段不再需要扫描所有的1～8波束，只需要扫描波束4～8，只需要分配10个OFDM符号用于波束扫描，从而节约了开销。同样，第二子帧在数据传输阶段发送了1～5号波束，则第三子帧的扫描阶段只需要扫描6～8号波束，只需分配6个OFDM符号即可。当然，也可以在第二子帧中扫描部分第一子帧中已调度用于发送数据的波束，只要不全部扫描即可以相对现有技 术减少扫描的时间。
综上所述，在每一个波束发送时，都在时频资源块插入此波束信息，从而无需在每个子帧周期内将波束全部遍历一次，减少了扫描对准的消耗时间和波束切换次数；且保证所有波束都能得到周期性的传输，方便了后续新用户的接入；结合历史波束发送情况进行扫描周期的动态调整，无需再配置固定的扫描周期，可大大降低扫描周期在整个帧结构中所占的时隙长度，节省了资源开销。
可选地，所述用于发送数据的波束可以是单个波束，也可以是两个或两个以上的波束。
若所述用于发送数据的波束的数量大于一个，则在发送波束信息时，可根据当前使用波束将时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述当前使用波束的波束信息。从而确保UE与基站通信时，能准确的接收到当前使用的波束的波束信息。
其中，以LTE架构中的帧为例，本发明实施例的用于携带波束信息的LTE架构中的帧结构示意图可参照图7所示，在一个帧内包括若干子帧，在每个子帧内包括若干时隙，在某个时隙中便可以携带波束信息。
而对于波束信息中包含的同步信息和波束标识信息，
所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息可以位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。当位于不同字段时，即二者相对独立设置以供所述第一UE分步获取；具体地，可以首先由第一用户设备通过同步信号实现与基站发射端同步，然后再解调出波束标识信息。其中，每个波束的同步信号可以相同，也可以不同。每个波束的标识信息则不同。
或者，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息可以位于同一子帧中的相同字段。即可以将同步信息和波束标识信息统一设置在一起以供所述第一用户设备同时获取。例如，一个序列可同时用来做同步信号和波束标识信息的检测。第一UE一次性的实现同步信号和波束标识信息解调。
具体在存储波束信息时，可以将所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块； 或
由所述基站指示所述波束信息的存储位置。
请一并参见图8-图12，分别对应存储波束信息的第一至第四种实施方式的时频资源设置示意图。其中图8-图11属于将波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块，可包括以下情形：
如图8及图9所示的，在多载波系统中，选取预设的连续或间隔的频率资源存储所述波束信息；其中，如图8所示，横坐标为时间，纵坐标为频率，交叉条纹为波束标识信息，单向斜条纹为同步信号。在波束0至波束3发送数据过程中，同步信号和波束标识信息二者均在连续频段中存储；如图9所示，横坐标为时间，纵坐标为频率，交叉条纹为波束标识信息，单向斜条纹为同步信号。在波束0至波束3发送数据过程中，同步信号和波束标识信息二者均在间隔的频段中存储，
或如图10所示的，在单载波系统中，分时段存储所述波束信息；其中，单向斜条纹为同步信号，交叉条纹为波束标识信息，空白部分为数据部分，波束0至波束1分时段依次存储，第一UE先接收同步信号同步，再解调处波束标识信息。
或如图11所示的，将所述波束信息存储于数据字段中。其中，数据字段中的第一个字段标识波束标识信息，后一个字段指示包的长度，最后一个字段指示调制模式，波束标识信息在数据字段中的位置可以固定，也可以由基站告知第一UE。
或如图12所示的，由所述基站指示所述波束信息的存储位置。其中，交叉条纹为波束标识信息，斜条纹为波束同步信号，从波束0至波束3均可以随机指示，由基站确定后再告知第一UE。
具体地，基站可以提前告知每个波束对应的波束信息存放的时频资源位置，或者数据字段位置。在扫描对准阶段和数据传输阶段切换波束过程中会动态的将波束信息存放在特定位置，方便第一UE接收和解调，这里提到基站告 知第一UE的方式可以是通过低频通信通道告知第一UE或其他现有方式，本发明实施例中不做任何限定。
以上存储方式适用于同步信号和波束标识信息独立设置的情形下，同样也适用于二者统一设置的情形下。
S204，接收所述第二用户设备上报的波束选择信息。
当扫描对准完成后，UE设备上报检测到的信息，辅助基站端完成资源调度(可包括波束资源调度和空闲时域资源调度)以及新用户的接入。上报的方式可选用长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)技术中的随机接入过程，也可以选择传统的低频网络接入，本发明实施例不作任何限定。
所述波束选择信息由所述第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述第二用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息。
S205，根据所述波束选择信息为所述第二用户设备分配波束，与所述第二用户设备进行数据传输。
当第一UE与基站完成数据传输后，若此时第二UE想要接入系统，则可以由根据所述基站发送的波束信息生成波束选择信息，其中，所述波束选择信息由所述第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述第二用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
然后由基站根据所述波束选择信息为所述第二用户设备分配波束，与所述第二用户设备进行数据传输。
具体应用场景可分为两类，为了体现波束质量对比的过程，此处引入第三UE并结合图13、图14进行说明。
请参照图13，为本发明一种通信的方法中新用户接入的第一实施例的流程示意图，在本实施例中，针对在两个波束覆盖之间的UE的调度，假设UE1已接入波束1，UE2已接入波束2(UE1和UE2为已激活用户)，UE3为未激 活用户，其处于波束1与波束2覆盖之间。希望在不增加波束前提下实现UE3最优接入过程。
如图13所示，所述方法包括以下步骤：
1、基站利用波束1发送数据给UE1，同时携带波束信息；
2、UE1利用波束信息解调出对应的波束号即波束标识信息以及波束质量信息以及基站发送的数据；
3、基站同时利用波束1发送波束信息至UE3；
4、UE3利用波束信息解调出波束1的波束标识信息和波束质量信息；
5、基站利用波束2发送数据给UE2，同时携带波束信息；
6、UE2利用波束信息解调出对应的波束号即波束标识信息以及波束质量信息以及基站发送的数据；
7、基站同时利用波束2发送波束信息至UE3；
8、UE3利用波束信息解调出波束2的波束标识信息和波束质量信息；
9、UE3对比两个波束质量信息，决定接入的波束号，假设此处选择波束1接入。
10、UE1上报解调出的最优波束号和波束质量信息；
11、UE2上报解调出的最优波束号和波束质量信息；
12、UE3上报解调出的最优波束号和波束质量信息；
13、基站根据三个UE上报的信息进行资源调度；
14、基站完成与UE1的数据传输与调度；
15、基站完成与UE2的数据传输与调度；
16、基站采用波束1完成与UE3的数据传输与调度。
请参照图14，为本发明一种通信的方法中新用户接入的第二实施例的流程示意图，在本实施例中，针对在两个波束覆盖之间的UE的调度，假设UE1已接入波束1，UE2已接入波束2(UE1和UE2为已激活用户)，UE3为未激活用户，其处于波束2覆盖范围之内但不处于波束1覆盖范围内。希望在不增 加波束前提下实现UE3最优接入过程。
如图14所示，所述方法包括以下步骤：
1、基站利用波束1发送数据给UE1，同时携带波束信息；
2、UE1利用波束信息解调出对应的波束号即波束标识信息以及波束质量信息以及基站发送的数据；
3、基站同时利用波束1发送波束信息至UE3；
4、由于UE3不再波束1覆盖范围内，因此无法利用波束信息解调出波束1的波束号和波束质量信息；
5、基站利用波束2发送数据给UE2，同时携带波束信息；
6、UE2利用波束信息解调出对应的波束号即波束标识信息以及波束质量信息以及基站发送的数据；
7、基站同时利用波束2发送波束信息至UE3；
8、UE3利用波束信息解调出波束2的波束标识信息和波束质量信息；
9、UE3选择波束2接入。
10、UE1上报解调出的最优波束号和波束质量信息；
11、UE2上报解调出的最优波束号和波束质量信息；
12、UE3上报解调出的最优波束号和波束质量信息；
13、基站根据三个UE上报的信息进行资源调度；
14、基站完成与UE1的数据传输与调度；
15、基站完成与UE2的数据传输与调度；
16、基站采用波束1完成与UE3的数据传输与调度。
通过图13和图14所述的方式，在与UE1和UE2的数据传输阶段便发送携带波束信息的消息至未接入的UE3，从而可以实现未激活用户的快速接入，无需在额外发送波束信息，减少了资源开销，提高了新用户的接入效率。
请参见图3，为本发明一种通信的方法的第三实施例的流程示意图，在本 实施例中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S301，在基站与用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准时，确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束。
其中，所述第一子帧可以是基站与第一UE初次扫描对准时的子帧，也可以是扫描对准阶段的任意时域的子帧。
S302，当基站在向用户设备发送数据时，接收所述基站在利用所述波束发送数据时发送的波束信息。
所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号。
S303，根据所述同步信号与所述基站进行同步。
S304，根据所述波束的标识信息识别所述基站发送的波束。
可选地，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
即所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息可独立设置以供所述用户设备分步获取；或
所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息可统一设置以供所述用户设备同时获取。
可选地，所述波束的标识信息可以是简单的波束号，也可以是其他用于标识波束的代码，本发明实施例不作任何限定。
请参见图4，为本发明一种通信的方法的第四实施例的流程示意图，在本实施例中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S401，在基站与用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准时，确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束。
其中，所述第一子帧可以是基站与第一UE初次扫描对准时的子帧，也可以是扫描对准阶段的任意时域的子帧。
S402，当基站在向用户设备发送数据时，接收所述基站在利用所述波束发 送数据时发送的波束信息。
所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号。
S403，根据所述同步信号与所述基站进行同步。
S404，根据所述波束的标识信息识别所述基站发送的波束。
S405，与所述基站在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准。
其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
S406，上报波束选择信息至所述基站。
所述波束选择信息由所述用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
S407，使用所述基站根据所述波束选择信息为所述用户设备分配的波束，与所述基站进行数据传输。
请参照图15，为本发明一种基站的第一实施例的组成示意图，在本实施例中，所述基站包括：
波束扫描单元100，用于与第一用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束；
其中，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个。
发送单元200，用于利用所述波束向所述第一用户设备发送数据，并发送所述波束的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
所述同步信号用于第二用户设备与所述基站进行同步；
所述波束的标识信息用于所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备识别所述基站发送的波束。
可选地，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
即所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息独立设置以供所述第一用户设 备或第二用户设备分步获取；或
所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息统一设置以供所述第一用户设备或第二用户设备同时获取。
可选地，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块；或
所述波束信息存储于所述基站指定的存储位置。
可选地，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块，具体包括：
在多载波系统中，选取预设的连续或间隔的频率资源存储所述波束信息；或
在单载波系统中，分时段存储所述波束信息；或
将所述波束信息存储于数据字段中。
请参照图16，为本发明一种基站的第二实施例的组成示意图，在本实施例中，所述基站包括：
波束扫描单元100，用于与第一用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束；
其中，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个。
若所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束的数量大于一个，且用于发送数据的波束由第一波束切换为第二波束，则在发送波束信息时，将需要时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第二波束的波束信息。同理可知，若用于发送数据的波束由第二波束切换为第三波束时，则在发送波束信息时，将时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第三波束的波束信息。
可选地，所述第一子帧可以是基站与第一UE初次扫描对准时的子帧，也可以是扫描对准阶段的任意时域的子帧。
波束扫描对准可周期性的进行，扫描对准的对象可包括已经接入的UE及未接入的UE，已接入的UE波束扫描是为了判断是否需要切换波束，未接入的UE波束扫描是为了能够接入。
可选地，若在第一子帧周期之前未有被调用来传输数据的波束，则所述基站在第一子帧内需扫描所有可用于数据传输的波束。UE与基站同步后，通过解调波束信息识别出对应的波束号即波束标识信息，并且可选的可解调出该波束的波束质量信息。所述波束质量信息用于指示波束对应的信道状态质量，此处波束质量信息可以包括但不限于以下的任意一种或多种：
SNR、SINR、信号能量。
发送单元200，用于利用所述波束向所述第一用户设备发送数据，并发送所述波束的波束信息。
所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
所述同步信号用于第二用户设备与所述基站进行同步；
所述波束的标识信息用于所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备识别所述基站发送的波束。
可选地，所述波束的标识信息可以是简单的波束号，也可以是其他用于标识波束的代码，本发明实施例不作任何限定。
可选地，所述基站还包括：接收单元300、分配单元400。
所述波束扫描单元100还用于：
与所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
其中，所述第一用户设备为已接入所述基站的用户设备，其已经可以和基站传输数据，所述第二用户设备为待接入所述基站的用户设备，其可以接到一个或多个波束信息后再判断通过哪个波束是最佳接入波束，并将最佳波束信息反馈给基站，基站则可以根据最佳波束信息调度波束给第二用户设备，使第二用户设备亦可与基站进行数据通信。
在第二子帧扫描阶段，不再重复扫描第一子帧传输阶段已调度的所有波束或其中部分波束，能够节省扫描时间即可。
同理，若在第一子帧周期之前已有被调用来传输数据的波束，则基站可在 第一子帧内，扫描至少一个不包括上一子帧未被调度用于发送数据的波束即可。而在第二子帧的下一个子帧即第三子帧内，只需要扫描第一子帧和第二子帧中至少不包括一个在第一子帧和第二子帧中未被调度用于发送数据的波束即可。
例如，可参见图5和图6，分别为一种用于扫描对准和数据传输的帧结构示意图和本发明实施例中用于扫描对准和数据传输的帧结构示意图。如图5所示，高频窄波束通信一般包括扫描对准阶段和数据传输阶段，扫描对准阶段用于窄波束扫描对准，每个波束携带相应的波束信息。数据传输阶段则利用扫描对准的波束进行通信。假设共有8个方向需要扫描，在每一子帧里，波束需要切换8次。在每一个波束里，如果有16个正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，简称OFDM)符号用于发送波束信息进行扫描，相当于每个子帧都要固定分配16个OFDM符号用于这个过程。
而在本发明实施例中，可参照图6，第一子帧周期将8个方向全部遍历一遍，分配16个OFDM符号用于扫描，且第一子帧数据传输阶段发送了1～3号波束。由于1～3号波束里和扫描阶段的波束发送一样，都插入了波束信息，因此第二子帧的扫描阶段不再需要扫描所有的1～8波束，只需要扫描波束4～8，只需要分配10个OFDM符号用于波束扫描，从而节约了开销。同样，第二子帧在数据传输阶段发送了1～5号波束，则第三子帧的扫描阶段只需要扫描6～8号波束，只需分配6个OFDM符号即可。当然，也可以在第二子帧中扫描部分第一子帧中已调度用于发送数据的波束，只要不全部扫描即可以相对现有技术减少扫描的时间。
综上所述，在每一个波束发送时，都在时频资源块插入此波束信息，从而无需在每个子帧周期内将波束全部遍历一次，减少了扫描对准的消耗时间和波束切换次数；且保证所有波束都能得到周期性的传输，方便了后续新用户的接入；结合历史波束发送情况进行扫描周期的动态调整，无需再配置固定的扫描周期，可大大降低扫描周期在整个帧结构中所占的时隙长度，节省了资源开销。
由于用于发送数据的波束可以是单个波束，也可以是两个或两个以上的波束。
若所述用于发送数据的波束的数量大于一个，则在发送波束信息时，可根据当前使用波束将时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述当前使用波束的波束信息。从而确保UE与基站通信时，能准确的接收到当前使用的波束的波束信息。
其中，以LTE架构中的帧为例，本发明实施例的用于携带波束信息的LTE架构中的帧结构示意图可参照图7所示，在一个帧内包括若干子帧，在每个子帧内包括若干时隙，在某个时隙中便可以携带波束信息。
可选地，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息可以位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
即所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息独立设置(位于不同字段)以供所述第一用户设备或第二用户设备分步获取；或
所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息统一设置(位于相同字段)以供所述第一用户设备或第二用户设备同时获取。
例如，可以独立设置以供所述第一UE分步获取；具体地，可以首先由第一用户设备通过同步信号实现与基站发射端同步，然后再解调出波束标识信息。其中，每个波束的同步信号可以相同，也可以不同。每个波束的标识信息则不同。
或者，还可以将同步信息和波束标识信息统一设置以供所述第一用户设备同时获取。例如，一个序列可同时用来做同步信号和波束标识信息的检测。第一UE一次性的实现同步信号和波束标识信息解调。
可选地，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块；或
所述波束信息存储于所述基站指定的存储位置。
可选地，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块，具体包括：
在多载波系统中，选取预设的连续或间隔的频率资源存储所述波束信息； 或
在单载波系统中，分时段存储所述波束信息；或
将所述波束信息存储于数据字段中。
请一并参见图8-图12，分别对应存储波束信息的第一至第四种实施方式的时频资源设置示意图。其中图8-图11属于将波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块，可包括以下情形：
如图8及图9所示的，在多载波系统中，选取预设的连续或间隔的频率资源存储所述波束信息；其中，如图8所示，横坐标为时间，纵坐标为频率，交叉条纹为波束标识信息，单向斜条纹为同步信号。在波束0至波束3发送数据过程中，同步信号和波束标识信息二者均在连续频段中存储；如图9所示，横坐标为时间，纵坐标为频率，交叉条纹为波束标识信息，单向斜条纹为同步信号。在波束0至波束3发送数据过程中，同步信号和波束标识信息二者均在间隔的频段中存储，
或如图10所示的，在单载波系统中，分时段存储所述波束信息；其中，单向斜条纹为同步信号，交叉条纹为波束标识信息，空白部分为数据部分，波束0至波束1分时段依次存储，第一UE先接收同步信号同步，再解调处波束标识信息。
或如图11所示的，将所述波束信息存储于数据字段中。其中，数据字段中的第一个字段标识波束标识信息，后一个字段指示包的长度，最后一个字段指示调制模式，波束标识信息在数据字段中的位置可以固定，也可以由基站告知第一UE。
或如图12所示的，由所述基站指示所述波束信息的存储位置。其中，交叉条纹为波束标识信息，斜条纹为波束同步信号，从波束0至波束3均可以随机指示，由基站确定后再告知第一UE。
具体地，基站可以提前告知每个波束对应的波束信息存放的时频资源位置，或者数据字段位置。在扫描对准阶段和数据传输阶段切换波束过程中会动 态的将波束信息存放在特定位置，方便第一UE接收和解调，这里提到基站告知第一UE的方式可以是通过低频通信通道告知第一UE或其他现有方式，本发明实施例中不做任何限定。
以上存储方式适用于同步信号和波束标识信息独立设置的情形下，同样也适用于二者统一设置的情形下。
所述接收单元300用于接收所述第一用户设备及第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息解调出的波束质量信息。
可选地，所述接收单元300还用于接收所述第二用户设备上报的波束选择信息，所述波束选择信息由所述第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述第二用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息。
所述分配单元400用于根据所述波束选择信息为所述第二用户设备分配波束，与所述第二用户设备进行数据传输。
当第一UE与基站完成数据传输后，若此时第二UE想要接入系统，则可以由根据所述基站发送的波束信息生成波束选择信息，其中，所述波束选择信息由所述第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述第二用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
然后由基站根据所述波束选择信息为所述第二用户设备分配波束，与所述第二用户设备进行数据传输。
具体应用场景可分为两类，为了体现波束质量对比的过程，此处引入第三UE并结合图13、图14进行说明。
请参照图13，为本发明一种通信的方法中新用户接入的第一实施例的流程示意图，在本实施例中，针对在两个波束覆盖之间的UE的调度，假设UE1已接入波束1，UE2已接入波束2(UE1和UE2为已激活用户)，UE3为未激活用户，其处于波束1与波束2覆盖之间。希望在不增加波束前提下实现UE3 最优接入过程。
如图13所示，所述方法包括以下步骤：
1、基站利用波束1发送数据给UE1，同时携带波束信息；
2、UE1利用波束信息解调出对应的波束号即波束标识信息以及波束质量信息以及基站发送的数据；
3、基站同时利用波束1发送波束信息至UE3；
4、UE3利用波束信息解调出波束1的波束标识信息和波束质量信息；
5、基站利用波束2发送数据给UE2，同时携带波束信息；
6、UE2利用波束信息解调出对应的波束号即波束标识信息以及波束质量信息以及基站发送的数据；
7、基站同时利用波束2发送波束信息至UE3；
8、UE3利用波束信息解调出波束2的波束标识信息和波束质量信息；
9、UE3对比两个波束质量信息，决定接入的波束号，假设此处选择波束1接入。
10、UE1上报解调出的最优波束号和波束质量信息；
11、UE2上报解调出的最优波束号和波束质量信息；
12、UE3上报解调出的最优波束号和波束质量信息；
13、基站根据三个UE上报的信息进行资源调度；
14、基站完成与UE1的数据传输与调度；
15、基站完成与UE2的数据传输与调度；
16、基站采用波束1完成与UE3的数据传输与调度。
请参照图14，为本发明一种通信的方法中新用户接入的第二实施例的流程示意图，在本实施例中，针对在两个波束覆盖之间的UE的调度，假设UE1已接入波束1，UE2已接入波束2(UE1和UE2为已激活用户)，UE3为未激活用户，其处于波束2覆盖范围之内但不处于波束1覆盖范围内。希望在不增加波束前提下实现UE3最优接入过程。
如图14所示，所述方法包括以下步骤：
1、基站利用波束1发送数据给UE1，同时携带波束信息；
2、UE1利用波束信息解调出对应的波束号即波束标识信息以及波束质量信息以及基站发送的数据；
3、基站同时利用波束1发送波束信息至UE3；
4、由于UE3不再波束1覆盖范围内，因此无法利用波束信息解调出波束1的波束号和波束质量信息；
5、基站利用波束2发送数据给UE2，同时携带波束信息；
6、UE2利用波束信息解调出对应的波束号即波束标识信息以及波束质量信息以及基站发送的数据；
7、基站同时利用波束2发送波束信息至UE3；
8、UE3利用波束信息解调出波束2的波束标识信息和波束质量信息；
9、UE3选择波束2接入。
10、UE1上报解调出的最优波束号和波束质量信息；
11、UE2上报解调出的最优波束号和波束质量信息；
12、UE3上报解调出的最优波束号和波束质量信息；
13、基站根据三个UE上报的信息进行资源调度；
14、基站完成与UE1的数据传输与调度；
15、基站完成与UE2的数据传输与调度；
16、基站采用波束1完成与UE3的数据传输与调度。
通过图13和图14所述的方式，在与UE1和UE2的数据传输阶段便发送携带波束信息的消息至未接入的UE3，从而可以实现未激活用户的快速接入，无需在额外发送波束信息，减少了资源开销，提高了新用户的接入效率。
需要说明的是，以上波束扫描单元100、发送单元200、接收单元300及分配单元400可以独立存在，也可以集成设置，本实施例中波束扫描单元100、发送单元200、接收单元300或分配单元400可以以硬件的形式独立于基站的 处理器单独设置，且设置形式可以是微处理器的形式；也可以以硬件形式内嵌于该基站的处理器中，还可以以软件形式存储于该基站的存储器中，以便于该基站的处理器调用执行以上波束扫描单元100、发送单元200、接收单元300及分配单元400对应的操作。
例如，在本发明一种基站的第二实施例(图16所示的实施例)中，波束扫描单元100可以为基站的处理器，而发送单元200、接收单元300及分配单元400的功能可以内嵌于该处理器中，也可以独立于处理器单独设置，也可以以软件的形式存储于存储器中，由处理器调用实现其功能。本发明实施例不做任何限制。以上处理器可以为中央处理单元(CPU)、微处理器、单片机等。
请参照图17，为本发明一种基站的第三实施例的组成示意图，在本实施例中，所述基站包括：
接收器110、发射器120、存储器130和处理器140，所述接收器110、发射器120、存储器130和处理器140与总线连接，其中，所述存储器130中存储一组程序代码，所述处理器140用于调用所述存储器130中存储的程序代码，执行以下操作：
与第一用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个；
指示所述发射器120在向所述第一用户设备发送数据时，发送所述发送数据的波束的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
所述同步信号用于第二用户设备与所述基站进行同步；
所述波束的标识信息用于所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备识别所述基站发送的波束。
可选地，所述处理器140还用于：
第一用户设备与第二用户设备与所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
可选地，所述接收器110用于接收所述第一用户设备及第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息解调出的波束质量信息，所述第一用户设备为已接入所述基站的用户设备，所述第二用户设备为待接入所述基站的用户设备。
可选地，所述接收器110用于接收所述第二用户设备上报的波束选择信息，所述波束选择信息由所述第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述第二用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
所述处理器140还用于根据所述波束选择信息为所述第二用户设备分配波束，指示所述接收器110和发射器120与所述第二用户设备进行数据传输。
可选地，若所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束的数量大于一个，且用于发送数据的波束由第一波束切换为第二波束，则在发送波束信息时，将时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第二波束的波束信息。
可选地，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
即所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息独立设置以供所述第一用户设备或第二用户设备分步获取；或
所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息统一设置以供所述第一用户设备或第二用户设备同时获取。
可选地，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块；或
所述处理器140还用于指示所述波束信息的存储位置。
其中，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块，包括：
在多载波系统中，选取预设的连续或间隔的频率资源存储所述波束信息；或
在单载波系统中，分时段存储所述波束信息；或
将所述波束信息存储于数据字段中。
本发明实施例还提供了一种计算机存储介质，其中，该计算机存储介质存 储有程序，该程序执行时包括本发明一种通信的方法的第一至第二任一实施例中记载的部分或全部步骤。
请参照图18，为本发明一种用户设备的第一实施例的组成示意图，在本实施例中，所述用户设备包括：
波束扫描单元500，用于在基站与用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准时，确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束；
其中，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个。
接收单元600，用于当基站在向用户设备发送数据时，接收所述基站在利用所述波束发送数据时发送的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
同步单元700，用于根据所述同步信号与所述基站进行同步；
识别单元800，用于根据所述波束的标识信息识别所述基站发送的波束。
可选地，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
即所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息独立设置以供所述处理器分步获取；或
所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息统一设置以供所述处理器同时获取。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例所述的用户设备既可以是已接入基站的用户设备，也可以是未接入基站的用户设备，当其已接入基站时，可按照当前已分配的波束与基站进行数据传输并在波束扫描对准时减少每次扫描的波束以提高波束扫描对准时间，还可以上报波束质量信息以便基站进行更优化的波束调度；当其未接入基站时，可在基站给其他已接入用户设备发送数据时接收基站发送的波束信息，并可以解调出波束质量信息。在比较后上报相对于自身来说质量最优的波束的波束标识信息(如波束号)以及波束质量信息，从而基站可减少与其进行波束扫描对准的时间，直接为其分配质量较优的波束，实现未接 入用户设备的快速接入。
请参照图19，为本发明一种用户设备的第二实施例的组成示意图，在本实施例中，所述用户设备包括：
波束扫描单元500，用于在基站与用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准时，确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束；
其中，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个。
接收单元600，用于当基站在向用户设备发送数据时，接收所述基站在利用所述波束发送数据时发送的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
同步单元700，用于根据所述同步信号与所述基站进行同步；
识别单元800，用于根据所述波束的标识信息识别所述基站发送的波束。
可选地，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
即所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息独立设置以供所述处理器分步获取；或
所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息统一设置以供所述处理器同时获取。
可选地，所述用户设备还包括：上报单元900。
其中，所述波束扫描单元500还用于：
与所述基站在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
所述上报单元900用于上报波束选择信息至所述基站，所述波束选择信息由所述用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
所述接收单元600还用于使用所述基站根据所述波束选择信息为所述用户设备分配的波束，与所述基站进行数据传输。
需要说明的是，以上波束扫描单元500、接收单元600、同步单元700、识别单元800及上报单元900可以独立存在，也可以集成设置，本实施例中波束扫描单元500、接收单元600、同步单元700、识别单元800或上报单元900可以以硬件的形式独立于用户设备的处理器单独设置，且设置形式可以是微处理器的形式；也可以以硬件形式内嵌于该用户设备的处理器中，还可以以软件形式存储于该用户设备的存储器中，以便于用户设备的处理器调用执行以上波束扫描单元500、接收单元600、同步单元700、识别单元800及上报单元900对应的操作。
例如，在本发明用户设备的第二实施例(图19所示的实施例)中，波束扫描单元500可以为用户设备的处理器，而接收单元600、同步单元700、识别单元800及上报单元900的功能可以内嵌于该处理器中，也可以独立于处理器单独设置，也可以以软件的形式存储于存储器中，由处理器调用实现其功能。本发明实施例不做任何限制。以上处理器可以为中央处理单元(CPU)、微处理器、单片机等。
请参照图20，为本发明一种用户设备的第三实施例的组成示意图，在本实施例中，所述用户设备包括：
接收器210、发射器220、存储器230和处理器240，所述接收器210、发射器220、存储器230和处理器240与总线连接，其中，所述存储器230中存储一组程序代码，所述处理器240用于调用所述存储器230中存储的程序代码，执行以下操作：
在基站与用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准时，确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束；
当基站在向用户设备发送数据时，接收所述基站在利用所述波束发送数据时发送的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
根据所述同步信号与所述基站进行同步；
根据所述波束的标识信息识别所述基站发送的波束。
可选地，所述处理器240还用于：
与所述基站在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
可选地，所述发射器220用于上报波束选择信息至所述基站，所述波束选择信息由所述处理器根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述处理器根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
所述接收器210和所述发射器220还用于使用所述基站根据所述波束选择信息为所述用户设备分配的波束，与所述基站进行数据传输。
本发明实施例还提供了一种计算机存储介质，其中，该计算机存储介质存储有程序，该程序执行时包括本发明一种通信的方法的第三至第四任一实施例中记载的部分或全部步骤。
需要说明的是，本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其它实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。对于装置实施例而言，由于其与方法实施例基本相似，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。
通过上述实施例的描述，本发明具有以下优点：
在每一个波束发送时，都在时频资源块插入此波束的波束信息，从而无需在每个子帧周期内将波束全部遍历一次，减少了扫描对准的消耗时间和波束切换次数；结合历史波束发送情况进行扫描周期的动态调整，无需再配置固定的扫描周期，可大大降低扫描周期在整个帧结构中所占的时隙长度，节省了资源开销；且保证所有波束都能得到周期性的传输，未接入用户可以在已接入用户与基站传输数据时获取到波束信息，方便了后续新用户的快速接入。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成，前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质包括：ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的一种通信的方法、基站及用户设备进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (38)

  1. 一种通信的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    基站与第一用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个；
    所述基站利用所述波束向所述第一用户设备发送数据时，发送所述发送数据的波束的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
    所述同步信号用于第二用户设备与所述基站进行同步；
    所述波束的标识信息用于所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备识别所述基站发送的波束。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述基站与所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：接收所述第一用户设备及第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息解调出的波束质量信息，所述第一用户设备为已接入所述基站的用户设备，所述第二用户设备为待接入所述基站的用户设备。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述基站接收所述第二用户设备上报的波束选择信息，所述波束选择信息由所述第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述第二用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
    根据所述波束选择信息为所述第二用户设备分配波束，与所述第二用户设备进行数据传输。
  5. 如权利要求2-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，若所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束的数量大于一个，且用于发送数据的波束由第一波束切换为第二波束，则在发送波束信息时，将时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第二波束的波束信息。
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块；或
    由所述基站指示所述波束信息的存储位置。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块，包括：
    在多载波系统中，选取预设的连续或间隔的频率资源存储所述波束信息；或
    在单载波系统中，分时段存储所述波束信息；或
    将所述波束信息存储于数据字段中。
  9. 一种通信的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在基站与用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准时，确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束；
    当基站在向用户设备发送数据时，接收所述基站在利用所述波束发送数据时发送的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
    根据所述同步信号与所述基站进行同步；
    根据所述波束的标识信息识别所述基站发送的波束。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述待接入用户设备与所述基站在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
  11. 如权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述用户设备上报波束选择信息至所述基站，所述波束选择信息由所述用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
    使用所述基站根据所述波束选择信息为所述用户设备分配的波束，与所述基站进行数据传输。
  12. 如权利要求9-11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
  13. 一种基站，其特征在于，包括：
    波束扫描单元，用于与第一用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个；
    发送单元，用于利用所述波束向所述第一用户设备发送数据，并发送所述波束的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
    所述同步信号用于第二用户设备与所述基站进行同步；
    所述波束的标识信息用于所述用户设备识别所述基站发送的波束。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述波束扫描单元还用于与所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
  15. 如权利要求13或14所述的基站，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收单元，用于接收所述第一用户设备及第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息解调出的波束质量信息，所述第一用户设备为已接入所述基站的用户设备，所述第二用户设备为待接入所述基站的用户设备。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的基站，其特征在于，所述接收单元还用于接收所述第二用户设备上报的波束选择信息，所述波束选择信息由所述第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述第二用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
    所述基站还包括：
    分配单元，用于根据所述波束选择信息为所述第二用户设备分配波束，与所述第二用户设备进行数据传输。
  17. 如权利要求14-16任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，
    若所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束的数量大于一个，且用于发送数据的波束由第一波束切换为第二波束，则在发送波束信息时，将时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第二波束的波束信息。
  18. 如权利要求13-17任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
  19. 如权利要求13-18任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块；或
    所述波束信息存储于所述基站指定的存储位置。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的基站，其特征在于，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块，包括：
    在多载波系统中，选取预设的连续或间隔的频率资源存储所述波束信息； 或
    在单载波系统中，分时段存储所述波束信息；或
    将所述波束信息存储于数据字段中。
  21. 一种基站，其特征在于，包括：
    接收器、发射器、存储器和处理器，所述接收器、发射器、存储器和处理器与总线连接，其中，所述存储器中存储一组程序代码，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行以下操作：
    与第一用户设备在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束，所述发送数据的波束的数量大于或等于一个；
    指示所述发射器在向所述第一用户设备发送数据时，发送所述发送数据的波束的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
    所述同步信号用于第二用户设备与所述基站进行同步；
    所述波束的标识信息用于所述第一用户设备与第二用户设备识别所述基站发送的波束。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的基站，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：
    与所述第一用户设备及第二用户设备在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
  23. 如权利要求21或22所述的基站，其特征在于，所述接收器用于接收所述第一用户设备及第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息解调出的波束质量信息，所述第一用户设备为已接入所述基站的用户设备，所述第二用户设备为待接入所述基站的用户设备。
  24. 如权利要求21-23任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，所述接收器用于接收所述第二用户设备上报的波束选择信息，所述波束选择信息由所述第二用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述 第二用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
    所述处理器还用于根据所述波束选择信息为所述第二用户设备分配波束，指示所述接收器和发射器与所述第二用户设备进行数据传输。
  25. 如权利要求22-24任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，
    若所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束的数量大于一个，且用于发送数据的波束由第一波束切换为第二波束，则在发送波束信息时，将时频资源中携带的波束信息切换为所述第二波束的波束信息。
  26. 如权利要求21-25任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
  27. 如权利要求21-26任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块；或
    所述处理器还用于指示所述波束信息的存储位置。
  28. 如权利要求27所述的基站，其特征在于，所述波束信息存储于预设的固定资源块，包括：
    在多载波系统中，选取预设的连续或间隔的频率资源存储所述波束信息；或
    在单载波系统中，分时段存储所述波束信息；或
    将所述波束信息存储于数据字段中。
  29. 一种计算机存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机存储介质存储有程序，该程序执行时包括如权利要求1-8任一项所述的步骤。
  30. 一种用户设备，其特征在于，包括：
    波束扫描单元，用于与基站在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第 一子帧中用于发送数据的波束；
    接收单元，用于接收所述基站利用所述波束发送的数据，还用于接收所述基站在利用所述波束发送数据时发送的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
    同步单元，用于根据所述同步信号与所述基站进行同步；
    识别单元，用于根据所述波束的标识信息识别所述基站发送的波束。
  31. 如权利要求30所述的用户设备，其特征在于，所述波束扫描单元还用于：
    与所述基站在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
  32. 如权利要求30或31所述的用户设备，其特征在于，还包括：
    上报单元，用于上报波束选择信息至所述基站，所述波束选择信息由所述用户设备根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述用户设备根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
    所述接收单元还用于使用所述基站根据所述波束选择信息为所述用户设备分配的波束，与所述基站进行数据传输。
  33. 如权利要求30-32任一项所述的用户设备，其特征在于，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
  34. 一种用户设备，其特征在于，包括：
    接收器、发射器、存储器和处理器，所述接收器、发射器、存储器和处理器与总线连接，其中，
    所述存储器中存储一组程序代码，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行以下操作：
    与基站在第一子帧进行波束扫描对准，以确定所述第一子帧中用于发送数据的波束；
    当基站在向用户设备发送数据时，接收所述基站在利用所述波束发送数据时发送的波束信息，所述波束信息至少包含此波束的标识信息和同步信号；
    根据所述同步信号与所述基站进行同步；
    根据所述波束的标识信息识别所述基站发送的波束。
  35. 如权利要求34所述的用户设备，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：
    与所述基站在第二子帧进行波束扫描对准，其中扫描的波束至少不包括一个所述第一子帧中被调度用于发送数据的波束，所述第二子帧为所述第一子帧的下一个子帧。
  36. 如权利要求34或35所述的用户设备，其特征在于，所述发射器用于上报波束选择信息至所述基站，所述波束选择信息由所述处理器根据所述基站发送的波束信息及解调出的波束质量信息生成，包含所述处理器根据波束质量信息比较后得出的最优波束的波束标识信息和最优波束的波束质量信息；
    所述接收器和所述发射器还用于使用所述基站根据所述波束选择信息为所述用户设备分配的波束，与所述基站进行数据传输。
  37. 如权利要求34-36任一项所述的用户设备，其特征在于，所述波束信息中的同步信号和标识信息位于同一子帧中的不同字段或相同字段。
  38. 一种计算机存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机存储介质存储有程序。该程序执行时包括如权利要求9-12任一项所述的步骤。
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