WO2016182307A1 - 메타데이터에 기초한 영상 처리 장치 및 영상 처리 방법 - Google Patents
메타데이터에 기초한 영상 처리 장치 및 영상 처리 방법 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- a method and apparatus for correcting a dynamic range of an image based on metadata is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method and apparatus for generating metadata for correcting the dynamic range of an image.
- Display devices may differ from one another in color gamut, which is the range in which colors can be reproduced, for example, the color, depending on the capabilities of the display devices.
- the gamut of the input image and the gamut of the device displaying the input image are different from each other, the gamut of the input image is appropriately corrected so that the gamut of the input image is matched with each other, thereby improving the color reproducibility of the display apparatus. Can be.
- the gamut of the input image is narrower than the gamut of the display apparatus, it is necessary to expand the gamut of the input image to improve the color reproducibility of the image displayed on the display apparatus.
- a receiver configured to receive at least one of first metadata indicating a maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the image and second metadata indicating a maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the image; And dividing an encoded image into at least one scene, obtaining a luminance characteristic of the current scene including an average luminance value of the current scene, and when the first metadata is obtained, Acquiring a maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene based on one metadata; and if the second metadata is obtained, the luminance of the current scene based on the second metadata
- a control unit for obtaining a maximum display luminance value of the target display according to a characteristic is disclosed.
- the tone-mapped image can more effectively maintain the intention of the original image than when the tone mapping is performed without considering the luminance characteristic of the image.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an image processing apparatus.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a controller included in an image processing apparatus.
- 3 to 5 illustrate examples of a maximum display luminance value of a liquid crystal display (LCD) device according to luminance characteristics of an image.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- FIG. 6 illustrates examples of a maximum display luminance value of another liquid crystal display (LCD) device according to luminance characteristics of an image.
- FIG. 7 illustrates examples of maximum display luminance values of various types of display devices according to luminance characteristics of an image.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of another image processing apparatus.
- FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an image processing method 900.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method of obtaining luminance characteristics of an image.
- 11 illustrates an operation of obtaining an average luminance value of an image.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an operation of determining the maximum luminance region of an image.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a method for determining to obtain a center pixel for the maximum luminance region of the current scene.
- FIG. 16 illustrates another operation of determining the center pixel of the maximum luminance region of the current scene.
- 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method of obtaining a maximum luminance region of a current scene.
- 19 is a flowchart illustrating a method of performing tone mapping based on luminance characteristics of an image.
- 20 illustrates an example of an operation of performing tone mapping based on luminance characteristics of an image.
- 21 is a flowchart of another method of performing tone mapping based on luminance characteristics of an image.
- FIG. 22 illustrates another example of an operation of performing tone mapping based on luminance characteristics of an image.
- 23 illustrates another example of an operation of performing tone mapping based on a luminance characteristic of an image.
- 25 is a flowchart of another method of performing tone mapping based on luminance characteristics of an image.
- FIG. 26 illustrates another example of an operation of performing tone mapping based on luminance characteristics of an image.
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating a method of correcting a saturation value of an image based on a tone-mapped luminance value.
- FIG. 28 illustrates an operation of correcting a saturation value of an image based on a tone-mapped luminance value.
- FIG. 29 is a block diagram of an image processing apparatus that performs tone mapping and saturation correction according to luminance characteristics of an image by using unified dynamic metadata.
- FIG. 31 shows the calculation process of Table 5 in chronological order.
- 34 is a block diagram of a metadata generating device.
- 35 is a flowchart of a metadata generating method.
- a receiver configured to receive at least one of first metadata indicating a maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the image and second metadata indicating a maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the image; And dividing an encoded image into at least one scene, obtaining a luminance characteristic of the current scene including an average luminance value of the current scene, and when the first metadata is obtained, Acquiring a maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene based on one metadata; and if the second metadata is obtained, the luminance of the current scene based on the second metadata
- a control unit for obtaining a maximum display luminance value of the target display according to a characteristic is disclosed.
- a receiver configured to receive metadata indicating a maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the image; Splits an encoded image into at least one scene, obtains a luminance characteristic of the current scene including an average luminance value of the current scene, and, if the metadata is obtained, based on the metadata And a controller configured to obtain a maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene.
- the average luminance value of the current scene may be obtained by using a maximum value among RGB component values of pixels included in the current scene.
- the maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene and the maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene may be different from each other.
- the controller determines a center pixel of the area that maximizes the sum of luminance values of pixels included in an area of a predetermined size, among the pixels of the current scene, and among the pixels of a frame including the center pixel, the center pixel. And obtaining a number of first pixels located within a threshold distance from the luminance value of the center pixel and having a luminance value within a threshold range, wherein the luminance characteristic of the current scene may further include the obtained number of first pixels.
- the receiving unit receives a flag indicating whether to obtain the luminance characteristic of the current scene, and the control unit receives the luminance characteristic of the current scene when the acquired flag indicates to obtain the luminance characteristic of the current scene. Can be obtained.
- the apparatus further includes a display unit, wherein the control unit is configured to display the maximum display brightness value of the mastering display according to the obtained brightness characteristic of the current scene and the obtained display unit of the target display according to the brightness characteristic of the current scene. Based on at least one of the maximum display luminance values, tone mapping the original luminance values of the pixels included in the frame of the current scene to obtain the tone mapped luminance values of the pixels; The current scene may be displayed using the tone-mapped luminance value.
- the tone mapped luminance value is obtained by tone mapping according to the first scheme with respect to the original luminance value, and when the original luminance value is greater than the threshold value, the tone The mapped luminance value may be obtained by tone mapping according to the second scheme with respect to the original luminance value.
- the tone mapping according to the first scheme corresponds to a linear function between the original luminance value and the tone mapped luminance value
- the tone mapping according to the second scheme is between the original luminance value and the tone mapped luminance value. It may correspond to a nonlinear function.
- tone mapping according to the first scheme may bypass the original luminance value.
- the control unit corrects the chroma value of the pixel based on the original luminance value of the pixel and the tone mapped luminance value of the pixel, and the display unit uses the tone mapped luminance value and the corrected chroma value. To display the current scene.
- the corrected saturation value may be determined based on a ratio of a log scale of the original luminance value and a log scale of the tone mapped luminance value.
- the controller may bypass the chroma value of the pixel.
- a display unit configured to display an image including an area having a maximum grayscale value;
- a sensor for measuring a luminance value of the area displayed on the display unit when the display unit displays the image;
- a controller configured to generate metadata indicating the measured luminance value according to the pixel area of the area and the average luminance value of the image.
- first and second may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one component from another.
- Some embodiments of the present disclosure may be represented by functional block configurations and various processing steps. Some or all of these functional blocks may be implemented in various numbers of hardware and / or software configurations that perform particular functions.
- the functional blocks of the present disclosure may be implemented by one or more microprocessors or by circuit configurations for a given function.
- the functional blocks of the present disclosure may be implemented in various programming or scripting languages.
- the functional blocks may be implemented in algorithms running on one or more processors.
- the present disclosure may employ the prior art for electronic configuration, signal processing, and / or data processing. Terms such as “mechanism”, “element”, “means” and “configuration” may be used widely and are not limited to mechanical and physical configurations.
- connecting lines or connecting members between the components shown in the drawings are merely illustrative of functional connections and / or physical or circuit connections. In an actual device, the connections between components may be represented by various functional connections, physical connections, or circuit connections that are replaceable or added.
- the 'image' may be a still image of the video or a video, that is, the video itself.
- dynamic range may refer to the ratio between the maximum and minimum values of a physical measurand.
- a dynamic range of an image may mean a brightness ratio between the lightest part and the darkest part in the image.
- the dynamic range of the display device may mean a ratio between the minimum brightness and the maximum brightness of light that may be emitted from the screen. In the real world, it has a dynamic range from full darkness close to zero nit to very bright brightness close to sun light.
- the image may be divided into a low dynamic range image, a standard dynamic range image, and a high dynamic range image.
- a low dynamic range image For example, an image having a bit depth of 16 bits or less for each R, G, and B component of one pixel may represent a low dynamic range image.
- an image having a bit depth of 32 bits or more for each R, G, and B component of each pixel may be expressed from a low dynamic range image to a high dynamic range image.
- a high dynamic range image is displayed without correction in a display device having a low dynamic range, the original intention of the high dynamic range image may be distorted and displayed.
- Tone-mapping may refer to an operation of converting a dynamic range of an image.
- the tone mapping may mean an operation of narrowing the dynamic range of the image.
- tone mapping may mean converting a high dynamic range image into a low dynamic range image.
- tone mapping may refer to an operation of widening a dynamic range of an image.
- tone mapping may mean an operation of converting a low dynamic range image into a high dynamic range image.
- the display apparatus may maintain the intention of the original image by using the tonemapped image.
- Typical tone mapping is performed using the maximum luminance value that the display device can display under ideal conditions. For example, if the maximum luminance of the display device corresponds to 1000 nits, general tone mapping is performed based on 1000 nits without considering the conditions of the image such as the luminance component, chroma component, or runtime.
- the maximum luminance value that the display device can actually display may be different according to the brightness characteristic of the image.
- the luminance value of the display device may be limited by the power consumption of the display device. Therefore, when the display device does not have sufficient power consumption for displaying the image according to the brightness characteristic of the image, the maximum luminance value that the display apparatus can actually display is the nominal maximum luminance value of the display apparatus. It may be lower than the maximum luminance value.
- the actual maximum brightness measurable on the display may correspond to 800 nits.
- the tone mapped image can more effectively maintain the intention of the original image than when tone mapping is performed without considering the luminance characteristic of the image.
- the maximum luminance value that can be displayed by the display apparatus under ideal conditions is referred to as an "ideal maximum display luminance value". If the luminance characteristic of the input image satisfies the ideal condition, the ideal maximum display luminance value may be measured in the display device. Display ideal conditions may vary for the characteristics of the display device.
- an ideal condition of the first display device may be a case in which the first display device displays an image including one pixel having the maximum brightness and the remaining pixels having the minimum brightness.
- the ideal maximum display luminance value of the first display apparatus may mean a luminance value of the display apparatus measured in one pixel having the maximum brightness. As the number of pixels having the maximum brightness in the image decreases and the number of the pixels having the minimum brightness increases, the maximum display luminance value that the first display apparatus can display may increase.
- an ideal condition of the second display device may be a case in which the second display device displays an image in which all pixels have the maximum brightness. As the number of pixels having the maximum brightness in the image increases, the maximum display luminance value that the second display apparatus can display may increase.
- the maximum luminance value that the display apparatus may actually display according to the luminance characteristic of the input image is referred to as an "actual maximum display luminance value".
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the display apparatus may mean a maximum luminance value that can be measured on the display apparatus when the display apparatus displays an input image.
- the actual maximum luminance value of the display device may differ depending on the luminance characteristic of the input image.
- the ideal maximum luminance value of the display device may be 1000 nits, and the actual maximum luminance value of the display device may be 800 nits.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an image processing apparatus.
- the image processing apparatus 100 may include a receiver 110 and a controller 120. Not all components of the image processing apparatus 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 are essential components. The image processing apparatus 100 may be implemented by more components than those illustrated in FIG. 1, or the image processing apparatus 100 may be implemented by fewer components than those illustrated in FIG. 1. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 8, the image processing apparatus 100 may further include a display unit 830 and a memory 840.
- the receiver 110 may include at least one of first metadata indicating a maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the image and second metadata indicating a maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the image. Can be received.
- the luminance characteristic of an image may be a numerical value or an index indicating a space-time distribution of luminance values of pixels in the image.
- the luminance characteristic of an image may include a maximum value and a minimum value of luminance values of pixels in an image, an average value of luminance values of pixels in an image, and a dynamic range.
- the luminance characteristic of the image may include a change amount of luminance values of pixels in the image.
- the first metadata may indicate the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the image under various conditions.
- the first meta data may have a LookUp Table format.
- the first metadata may be generated in the mastering display, and the image processing apparatus 100 may receive the first metadata from the mastering display.
- the mastering display may mean a display device used to generate and edit an original image.
- Image creators can create and edit original images based on the dynamic range of the mastering display.
- the second metadata may indicate the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the image under various conditions.
- the second meta data may have a LookUp Table format.
- the second metadata may be generated in the target display, and the image processing apparatus 100 may receive the second metadata from the mastering display or the target display.
- the target display is a display device included in the target system 270 and may refer to a device on which a tone-mapped image is displayed.
- the video producer or colorist can determine the dynamic range of the target display.
- the dynamic range of the target display may be included in the dynamic range of the display device actually used by the consumer, or may include the dynamic range of the display device actually used by the consumer.
- the maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristics of the current scene and the maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristics of the current scene may be different from each other.
- first metadata and the second metadata will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7.
- apparatus and method for generating the first metadata and the second metadata will be described with reference to FIGS. 34 to 35.
- the controller 120 may acquire luminance characteristics of the image input to the image processing apparatus 100. For example, the controller 120 may obtain an average luminance value of the input image.
- the controller 120 may obtain the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the input image based on the first metadata.
- the controller 120 may obtain the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the input image based on the second metadata.
- the controller 120 may adjust the dynamic range of the input image based on at least one of the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the input image and the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the input image. I can convert it. For example, the controller 120 may tonemap the high dynamic range of the input image to the low dynamic range. Conversely, the controller 120 may tonemap the low dynamic range of the input image to the high dynamic range.
- the controller 120 may include at least one processor, and may control overall operations of the image processing apparatus 100. Hereinafter, the controller 120 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a controller included in an image processing apparatus.
- the controller 120 may include a decoder 210, a converter 220, a luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230, a tone mapping unit 240, a saturation correction unit 250, an inverse converter 260, and an encoder 270. Can be. Not all components of the controller 120 illustrated in FIG. 2 are essential components. The control unit 120 may be implemented by more components than those illustrated in FIG. 2, or the control unit 120 may be implemented by fewer components than those illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the decoder 210 may decode the original image 200 and obtain the decoded original image 200.
- the decoder 210 may convert the decoded original image 200 of the YCbCr format into an RGB format.
- the converter 220 may convert the original color space of the original image 200 into a working color space in which tone mapping is performed. For example, the converter 220 converts the x, y color coordinates of the primary color corresponding to the original color space and the x, y color coordinates of the white point into the x, y color coordinates of the primary color corresponding to the working color space. And x, y color coordinates of the white point. If the original color space of the original image 200 coincides with the working color space, the converter 220 may be omitted from the controller 120.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may acquire luminance characteristics of the original image 200.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may divide the original image 200 into predetermined units, and acquire luminance characteristics for each of the divided predetermined units.
- the original image 200 called a title or cut may be divided into at least one scene, and the scene may be divided into at least one frame.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may acquire luminance characteristics for each scene unit of the original image 200.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may acquire luminance characteristics for every n frames of the original image 200.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may acquire an average luminance value of the scene.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may acquire an average luminance value of n frames.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may determine the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristics of the original image 200 based on the first metadata. Can be obtained.
- the first metadata may indicate the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the average luminance value of the image.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 obtains the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristics of the original image 200 based on the second metadata. can do.
- the second metadata may indicate the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the average luminance value of the image.
- the tone mapping unit 240 is based on at least one of the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the original image 200 and the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the original image 200. Thus, tone mapping is performed on the original image 200.
- the tone mapping unit 240 may narrow the dynamic range of the original image 200 when the dynamic range of the mastering display includes the dynamic range of the target display.
- the tone mapping unit 240 may broaden the dynamic range of the original image 200 when the dynamic range of the mastering display is included in the dynamic range of the target display.
- the tone mapping unit 240 compares the actual maximum display luminance value of the master display according to the luminance characteristic of the original image 200 with the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the original image 200, It may be determined whether the dynamic range of the ring display includes the dynamic range of the target display or whether the dynamic range of the mastering display is included in the dynamic range of the target display.
- Saturation correction unit 250 may correct the saturation value of the tone-mapped image. Even if the tone mapping unit 240 performs tone mapping on the original image 200, the user's perception of the original image 200 displayed on the mastering display is not affected by the tone mapped image displayed on the target display. May be different from the user's perceived feeling.
- the saturation correction unit 250 may correct the saturation value of the tone-mapped image to make the correction image 280 closer to the original image 200.
- the inverse converter 260 may convert the color space of the corrected image 280 into the original color space of the original image 200.
- the corrected image 280 output from the chroma correction unit 250 may have a working color space in which tone mapping is performed.
- the inverse converter 260 may convert the color space of the corrected image 280 from the working color space to the original color space of the original image 200.
- the inverse converter 260 converts the x, y color coordinates of the primary color corresponding to the working color space and the x, y color coordinates of the white point into x, y of the primary color corresponding to the original color space. You can convert to the x and y color coordinates of the color coordinate and the white point.
- the encoder 270 may encode the corrected image 280 to input the corrected image 280 to the target system 290.
- the encoded corrected image 280 obtained by the encoder 270 may be input to the target system 290.
- the target system 290 may display the corrected image 280. Even if the dynamic range of the corrected image 280 is different from the dynamic range of the original image 200, the corrected image 280 obtained by the controller 120 effectively maintains the intention of the image creator reflected in the original image 200. Can be.
- 3 to 5 illustrate examples of a maximum display luminance value of a liquid crystal display (LCD) device according to luminance characteristics of an image.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- the x-axis of the graph 300 may correspond to an average luminance value or an average grayscale value of an image having an 8 bit depth. Therefore, the minimum value of the x-axis of the graph 300 may be 0, and the maximum value may be 255.
- the y-axis of the graph 300 may correspond to the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device according to the average luminance value of the image. In addition, the unit of the y-axis of the graph 300 may be nit.
- the first metadata may include the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the average luminance value of the image such as the graph 300.
- the second metadata may include the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the average luminance value of the image such as the graph 300.
- the maximum luminance value that can be displayed on the LCD device corresponds to any point on the x axis on the graph 300. It can be the nit value of the y axis.
- the LCD device may display an ideal maximum display luminance value. That is, when the average luminance value of the image has a value close to zero, the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may have a maximum value. In addition, when the average luminance value of the image has a value close to 255, the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may have a minimum value. Also, when the average luminance value of the image is 40 or less, as the average luminance value of the image increases, the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may decrease.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may increase.
- the actual display luminance value of the LCD device may decrease again.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may be 600 nits.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may be 650 nits.
- the 310, 320, 330, and 340 images shown in the graph 300 are grayscale images.
- the 310, 320, 330, and 340 images may include regions 311, 321, 331, and 341 including at least one pixel having a maximum grayscale value (eg, 255).
- the 310 image may include a second pixel outside the area 311 having a background grayscale value corresponding to the x1 point on the graph 300.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device measured in the area 311 may be a y1 nit value corresponding to the x1 grayscale value on the graph 300.
- the image 320 may include a second pixel outside the area 321 having a background grayscale value corresponding to the x2 point of the graph 300.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device measured in the area 321 may be y2 nit corresponding to the x2 grayscale value on the graph 300.
- the image 330 may include a second pixel outside the region 331 having a background grayscale value corresponding to x3 of the graph 300.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device measured in the area 331 may be y3 nit corresponding to the x3 grayscale value on the graph 300.
- the image 340 may include a second pixel outside the region 341 having a background grayscale value corresponding to the x4 point of the graph 300.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device measured in the area 341 may be y4 nit corresponding to the x4 grayscale value on the graph 300.
- the maximum luminance value that the display apparatus may actually display may be different according to the luminance characteristic of the image.
- the display device does not have sufficient power consumption for displaying the image according to the average luminance value of the image, the actual maximum display luminance value of the display apparatus may be lower than the ideal maximum display luminance value of the display apparatus.
- the change in the actual maximum display luminance value according to the average luminance value of the image of the advertisement display may be relatively smaller than the change in the actual maximum display luminance value according to the average luminance value of the image of the general display apparatus.
- the x-axis of the graph 400 may correspond to the area of the white patch.
- the y-axis of the graph 400 may correspond to the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device according to the area of the white patch.
- the unit of the y-axis of the graph 400 may be nit.
- the first metadata may include an actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the area of the white patch in the image such as the graph 400.
- the second metadata may include an actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the area of the white patch in the image such as the graph 400.
- the maximum luminance value that can be displayed on the LCD device is y corresponding to any point on the x axis on the graph 400.
- the white patch may mean an area including pixels having a maximum luminance value or a maximum grayscale value.
- a white patch in an image having an 8 bit depth may include pixels having a 255 grayscale value.
- the area of the white patch corresponding to the x-axis of the graph 400 may be the number of pixels included in the white patch.
- the area of the white patch may be a product of the horizontal pixel length of the white patch and the vertical pixel length of the white patch. Therefore, the minimum value of the x-axis of the graph 400 may be 0, and the maximum value may be the number of pixels included in one frame in the image.
- a 250k point on the x-axis of the graph 400 may mean that 250 x 1000 pixels are included in the white patch.
- the 1000k point on the x-axis of the graph 400 may mean that 1000 x 1000 pixels are included in the white patch.
- the LCD device may display an ideal maximum display luminance value. That is, as the area of the white patch is smaller, the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may have a maximum value. In addition, as the area of the white patch increases, the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may have a minimum value. In addition, when the area of the white patch is about 1000k or less, as the area of the white patch increases, the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may decrease. In addition, when the area of the white patch is 1000k or more and 1260k or less, the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may decrease as the area of the whitepatch increases.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may decrease again.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may be 820 nits.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may be 620 nits.
- the 410, 420, 430, and 440 images shown in the graph 400 are grayscale images.
- the 410, 420, 430, and 440 images may include white patches 411, 421, 431, and 441, respectively.
- the 410 image may include a white patch having an area corresponding to the p1 point on the graph 400.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device measured by the white patch 411 may be q1 nit corresponding to the p1 area on the graph 400.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device measured by the white patch 421 may be q2 nit corresponding to the p2 area on the graph 400.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the lcd device measured by the white patch 431 may be q3 nit corresponding to the p3 area on the graph 400.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device measured by the white patch 441 may be q4 nit corresponding to the p4 area on the graph 400.
- (p1, q1) (40k, 980 nit)
- (p2, q2) (390k, 800 nit)
- (p3, q3) (1260k, 650 nit)
- (p4, q4) ( 2560k, 450 nit).
- the BLU (Back Light Unit) of the LCD device may control a plurality of pixels.
- the number of pixels controlled by one BLU may increase in the order of direct type BLU, bar type BLU, and edge type BLU.
- the LCD device displays an image including a white patch
- it may become difficult to express a white patch.
- the above characteristics of the BLU can cause a waste of power consumption of the LCD device. Therefore, when the LCD device does not have sufficient power consumption to display an image including a white patch, the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD apparatus may be lower than the ideal maximum display luminance value.
- the BLU may not be used and a one-to-one correspondence between the light emitting element and the pixel is possible. Therefore, the change in the actual maximum display luminance value according to the area of the white patch in the image of the OLED display may be relatively smaller than the change in the actual maximum display luminance value in accordance with the area of the white patch in the image of the LCD device.
- the x-axis of the two-dimensional color map 500 may correspond to the area of the white patch in the image.
- the y-axis of the two-dimensional color map 500 may correspond to an average luminance value of the image.
- the color of the 2D color map 500 may correspond to the maximum display luminance value of the LCD device.
- the color of the 2D color map 500 may mean a luminance value of a corresponding nit on the color bar 510.
- the first metadata is the actual maximum display luminance of the mastering display according to the area of the white patch in the image such as the two-dimensional color map 500 and the average luminance value of the image. May contain a value.
- the second metadata may determine the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the area of the white patch in the image such as the two-dimensional color map 500 and the average luminance value of the image. It may include.
- the LCD device can display an ideal maximum display luminance value. That is, the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may have a maximum value at the lower left of the 2D color map 500.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may have a minimum value. That is, the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may have a minimum value at the upper right side of the 2D color map 500.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may be about 600 nits.
- FIG. 6 illustrates examples of a maximum display luminance value of another liquid crystal display (LCD) device according to luminance characteristics of an image.
- FIG. 6 is a first graph 600 showing a maximum display luminance value of an LCD device according to an average luminance value of an image, and a second graph showing a maximum display luminance value of an LCD device according to an area of a white patch in an image ( 610 and a third graph 620 showing the maximum display luminance value of the LCD device according to the area of the white patch in the image and the average luminance value of the image.
- the first metadata may be the actual maximum display luminance value according to the average luminance value of the image such as the first graph 600, and the image such as the second graph 610. It may include at least one of the actual maximum display luminance value according to the area of the white patch, the average luminance value of the image such as the two-dimensional color map 620 and the actual maximum display luminance value according to the area of the white patch in the image. .
- the second metadata is the actual maximum display luminance value according to the average luminance value of the image such as the first graph 600, and the image within the image such as the second graph 610. At least one of the actual maximum display luminance value according to the area of the white patch, the average luminance value of the image such as the two-dimensional color map 620 and the actual maximum display luminance value according to the area of the white patch in the image.
- the x-axis of the first graph 600 may correspond to an average luminance value or an average grayscale value of an image having an 8-bit depth. Therefore, the minimum value of the x-axis of the first graph 600 may be 0, and the maximum value may be 255.
- the y-axis of the first graph 600 may correspond to the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device according to the average luminance value of the image. Also, the unit of the y-axis of the first graph 600 may be nit.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may increase as the average luminance value of the image increases.
- the average luminance value of the image exceeds 170, as the average luminance value of the image increases, the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may decrease.
- the x-axis of the second graph 610 may correspond to the area of the white patch in the image. Accordingly, the minimum value of the x-axis of the second graph 610 may be 0, and the maximum value may be the number of pixels included in one frame in the image.
- the y-axis of the second graph 610 may correspond to the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device according to the area of the white patch in the image. Also, the unit of the y-axis of the second graph 610 may be nit.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may increase as the area of the white patch increases. Also, when the area of the white patch exceeds about 250k, the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may decrease as the area of the white patch increases.
- the x-axis of the 2D color map 620 may correspond to the area of the white patch in the image.
- the y-axis of the two-dimensional color map 620 may correspond to an average luminance value of the image.
- the color of the 2D color map 620 may correspond to the maximum display luminance value of the LCD device.
- the color of the 2D color map 620 may mean a luminance value of a corresponding nit on the color bar 630.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may have a maximum value.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device may have a minimum value.
- the LCD device of FIG. 5 Comparing the two-dimensional color map 620 of the LCD device of FIG. 5 and the two-dimensional color map 620 of the LCD device of FIG. 6, the LCD device of FIG. Accordingly, the amount of change in the actual maximum display luminance value may be relatively small.
- FIG 7 illustrates examples of maximum display luminance values of various types of display devices according to luminance characteristics of an image.
- the x-axis of the two-dimensional color maps 700, 720, and 740 may correspond to the area of the white patch in the image.
- the y-axis of the two-dimensional color maps 700, 720, and 740 may correspond to an average luminance value of the image.
- the color of the 2D color maps 700, 720, and 740 may correspond to a maximum display luminance value.
- the colors of the two-dimensional color maps 700, 720, and 740 may refer to luminance values in units of nit corresponding to the color bars 710, 730, and 750.
- the first two-dimensional color map 700 shows an example of the maximum display luminance value of the display for advertising according to the luminance characteristics of the image.
- the first metadata is the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the area of the white patch in the image such as the first two-dimensional color map 700 and the average luminance value of the image. It may include.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the advertising display may be constant even if the brightness characteristic of the image changes.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the advertisement display may be independent of the luminance characteristic of the image.
- the power consumption of the advertising display may be unlimited. Therefore, the actual maximum display luminance value of the advertisement display may be less affected by the luminance characteristic of the image than the actual maximum display luminance value of the other type of display apparatus.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the advertisement display may be different according to the luminance characteristic of the image.
- the second two-dimensional color map 720 shows an example of the maximum display luminance value of the organic light emitting diode (OLED) display according to the luminance characteristic of the image.
- the first metadata is the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the area of the white patch in the image such as the second two-dimensional color map 720 and the average luminance value of the image. It may include.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the OLED display may be constant as the area of the white patch in the image changes. For example, if the average luminance value of the image is equal to 200, the actual maximum display luminance value of the OLED display may be independent of the area of the white patch in the image. In the case of OLED displays, BLU may not be used and a one-to-one correspondence between the light emitting element and the pixel may be possible. Therefore, the actual maximum display luminance value of the OLED display may be less affected by the area of the white patch in the image than the actual maximum display luminance value of other types of display devices. In addition, the actual maximum display luminance value of the OLED display may be different according to the average luminance value of the image.
- the third two-dimensional color map 740 shows an example of the maximum display luminance value of the conventional reference monitor according to the luminance characteristic of the image.
- Conventional reference monitors are commonly used as mastering displays.
- the first metadata is the actual maximum display of the mastering display according to the area of the white patch in the image, such as the third two-dimensional color map 740 and the average luminance value of the image. It may include a luminance value.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the conventional reference monitor is compared with the actual maximum display luminance value of the LCD device of FIG. 5 and the LCD device of FIG. 6. You can get less.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the conventional reference monitor may be constant.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of another image processing apparatus.
- the image processing apparatus 800 of FIG. 8 may further include at least one of the display unit 830 and the memory 840 as compared to the image processing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1.
- the receiver 810 and the controller 820 of the image processing apparatus 800 of FIG. 8 may correspond to the receiver 110 and the controller 120 of the image processing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1. Therefore, description overlapping with FIG. 1 will be omitted.
- the display 830 may display an image under the control of the controller 820.
- the display unit 830 may display an original image input to the image processing apparatus 800.
- the display unit 830 may display a corrected image in which tone mapping and saturation correction are performed by the controller 820.
- the dynamic range of the display 830 may include the dynamic range of the target display of the second metadata received by the receiver 810. Alternatively, the dynamic range of the display unit 830 may be included in the dynamic range of the target display of the second metadata received by the receiver 810.
- the display unit 830 includes at least one of an LCD, a thin film transistor-liquid crystal display, an OLED display, a flexible display, a 3D display, and an electrophoretic display. It may include.
- the memory 840 may store a program for processing and controlling the controller 820, and may store data input to the image processing apparatus 800 or output from the image processing apparatus 800.
- the memory 840 may be a flash memory type, a hard disk type, a multimedia card micro type, a card type memory (for example, SD or XD memory), RAM Random Access Memory (RAM) Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Magnetic Memory, Magnetic Disk It may include at least one type of storage medium of the optical disk.
- RAM Random Access Memory
- SRAM Static Random Access Memory
- ROM Read-Only Memory
- EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
- PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
- Magnetic Memory Magnetic Disk It may include at least one type of storage medium of the optical disk.
- FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an image processing method 900.
- the image processing apparatuses 100 and 800 indicate first metadata indicating the maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the image and maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the image. Receive at least one of the second metadata. Operation 910 may be performed by the receivers 110 and 810 included in the image processing apparatuses 100 and 800.
- the image processing apparatuses 100 and 800 divide the encoded image into at least one scene.
- the image processing apparatuses 100 and 800 acquire luminance characteristics of the current scene including the average luminance value of the current scene.
- the image processing apparatuses 100 and 800 may display the mastering display according to the luminance characteristics of the current scene based on the first metadata. Obtain the maximum display luminance value.
- the image processing apparatuses 100 and 800 may display the target display according to the luminance characteristics of the current scene based on the second metadata. Obtain the maximum display luminance value.
- steps 920 to 970 may be performed by the controllers 120 and 820 included in the image processing apparatuses 100 and 800.
- operations 920 to 970 may be performed by the brightness characteristic acquisition unit 230.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method of obtaining luminance characteristics of an image.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may divide the image input to the image processing apparatus 100 into predetermined units, and acquire luminance characteristics for each of the divided predetermined units.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may divide an image into at least one scene.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may obtain the luminance characteristics of the current scene divided from the image.
- the receiver 110 may receive a flag indicating whether to acquire a luminance characteristic of the current scene.
- the receiver 110 may obtain the flag from the mastering display.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may determine the luminance characteristic to be acquired from the current scene based on the flag.
- the flag may indicate that the luminance characteristic of the current scene divided from the image is not obtained.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 does not acquire the luminance characteristics of the current scene.
- the image processing apparatus 100 may perform tone mapping on the current scene for which the luminance characteristic is not obtained, based on at least one of an ideal maximum display luminance value of the mastering display and an ideal maximum display luminance value of the target display. have.
- the flag When the value of the flag is 1, the flag may indicate to obtain an average luminance value of the current scene. If the flag indicates to obtain the average luminance value of the current scene, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may obtain the average luminance value of the current scene in step 1020. In addition, the image processing apparatus 100 may determine the current scene based on at least one of the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the average luminance value of the current scene and the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the average luminance value of the current scene. Tone mapping can be performed for An operation of obtaining the average luminance value of the current scene by the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 11 to 12.
- the flag may indicate to obtain the maximum luminance region of the current scene. If the flag indicates to obtain the maximum luminance region of the current scene, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may obtain the maximum luminance region of the current scene in step 1030. Also, the image processing apparatus 100 is based on at least one of an actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the area of the maximum luminance area of the current scene and an actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the area of the maximum luminance area of the current scene. Tone mapping can be performed on the current scene. The maximum luminance region of the current scene may correspond to the white patch described above. An operation of acquiring the maximum luminance region of the current scene and the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 13 to 18.
- the flag may indicate to obtain the average luminance value of the current scene and the maximum luminance region of the current scene. If the flag indicates to acquire the average luminance value of the current scene and the maximum luminance region of the current scene, in operation 1040, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may obtain the average luminance value of the current scene and the maximum luminance region of the current scene. In addition, the image processing apparatus 100 may present the current image based on at least one of the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display and the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the average luminance value of the current scene and the area of the maximum luminance region of the current scene. Tone mapping can be performed on the scene.
- 11 illustrates an operation of obtaining an average luminance value of an image.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may acquire an average luminance value of pixels included in the current scene.
- the average luminance value of the pixel can be obtained using the average value for the RGB component values of the pixel.
- the average luminance value of the pixel may be obtained using the Y value of the YCbCr component values of the pixel.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may obtain an average luminance value of the current scene by using the average luminance value of the pixel.
- a title or image 1100 having an 8-bit depth is divided into a plurality of scenes including a first scene 1110, a second scene 1120, a third scene 1130, and a fourth scene 1140.
- the third scene 1130 may be divided into a plurality of frames including an Nth frame 1150, an N + 1th frame 1160, and an N + 2th frame 1170.
- the RGB component values of the p1 pixel included in the Nth frame 1150 of the third scene 1130 may be (55, 66, 77).
- the red component value of the p1 pixel may be 55, the green component value of the p1 pixel may be 66, and the blue component value of the p1 pixel may be 77.
- the RGB component values of the p2 pixel included in the N + 1th frame 1160 of the third scene 1130 may be (77,88,99).
- the red component value of the p2 pixel may be 77
- the green component value of the p2 pixel may be 88
- the blue component value of the p2 pixel may be 99.
- the RGB component values of the p3 pixel included in the N + 2th frame 1170 of the third scene 1130 may be (66,77,88).
- the red component value of the p3 pixel may be 66
- the green component value of the p3 pixel may be 77
- the blue component value of the p3 pixel may be 88.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 obtains average luminance values of all pixels included in the current scene, in addition to the average luminance value of the p1 pixel, the average luminance value of the p2 pixel, and the average luminance value of the p3 pixel, and obtains the obtained average luminance value. The sum of these may be divided by the total number of pixels of the current scene to obtain an average luminance value of the current scene.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may acquire a maximum luminance value of the pixel currently included in the scene.
- the maximum luminance value of the pixel may mean the maximum value among the RGB component values of the pixel.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may acquire an average luminance value of the current scene by using the maximum luminance value of the pixel.
- the maximum luminance value of the p1 pixel included in the Nth frame 1150 of the third scene 1130 may be 77.
- the maximum luminance value of the p2 pixel included in the N + 1th frame 1160 of the third scene 1130 may be 99.
- the maximum luminance value of the p3 pixel included in the N + 2th frame 1170 of the third scene 1130 may be 88.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 obtains the maximum luminance values of all pixels included in the current scene, in addition to the maximum luminance value of the p1 pixel, the maximum luminance value of the p2 pixel, and the maximum luminance value of the p3 pixel, and obtains the obtained maximum luminance value. The sum of these may be divided by the total number of pixels of the current scene to obtain an average luminance value of the current scene.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may acquire the average luminance value of the current scene by using the minimum luminance value of the pixel or the intermediate luminance value of the pixel, in addition to the average luminance value of the pixel and the maximum luminance value of the pixel included in the current scene. Can be.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may select some of the pixels included in the current scene and obtain an average luminance value of the current scene using the average luminance values of the selected pixels.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may select pixels located at predetermined coordinates among pixels included in the current scene.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may select some pixels among the pixels included in the current scene based on the size of the frame, the position of the foreground and the background.
- a title or image 1200 having an 8-bit depth includes a first scene 1210, a second scene 1220, a third scene 1230, and a fourth scene 1240. It can be divided into a plurality of gods, including.
- the third scene 1230 may be divided into a plurality of frames including an Nth frame 1250, an N + 1th frame 1260, and an N + 2th frame 1270.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may select pixels located at the upper right side of the frame among the pixels of the third scene to obtain an average luminance value of the third scene.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 includes pixels 1255 positioned at the upper right of the Nth frame 1250, pixels 1265 positioned at the upper right of the N + 1th frame 1260, and N + 2.
- the pixels 1275 positioned at the upper right side of the frame 1270 may be selected.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may obtain an average luminance value of the current scene by using average luminance values, maximum luminance values, minimum luminance values, or intermediate luminance values of selected pixels among the pixels of the current scene.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an operation of determining the maximum luminance region of an image.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may determine the center pixel of the maximum luminance region of the current scene.
- the maximum luminance region of the current scene may mean the brightest area or the brightest subject in the current scene.
- the maximum luminance region may include pixels having a maximum luminance value or a maximum grayscale value, as described above with the white patch.
- the maximum luminance region may include pixels representing a very bright subject such as the sun present in the image.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may first determine a center pixel of the maximum luminance region among the pixels included in the current scene to obtain the maximum luminance region of the current scene. An operation of determining the center pixel of the maximum luminance region will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 14 to 16.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may acquire a maximum luminance region of the current scene based on the center pixel determined in operation 1310. In addition, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may acquire the area of the maximum luminance region of the current scene.
- An area bright enough in the image input to the image processing apparatus 100 may affect power consumption of the display apparatus. Therefore, the area of the region having the high luminance value or the area of the subject having the high luminance value in the image may change the actual maximum display luminance value of the display device, as in the area of the white patch described above.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may obtain the actual maximum display luminance value of the display apparatus according to the area of the maximum luminance region of the current scene using the actual maximum display luminance value of the display apparatus according to the area of the white patch. For example, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may replace the actual maximum display luminance value of the display apparatus according to the area of the maximum luminance region of the current scene to the actual maximum display luminance value of the display apparatus according to the area of the white patch. As another example, as shown in Equation 1, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 uses a ratio between the average luminance value of the maximum luminance region and the maximum luminance value of the image (for example, 255 in the case of an 8-bit depth image). In addition, an actual maximum display luminance value of the display device according to the area of the maximum luminance region of the current scene may be obtained.
- An image input to the image processing apparatus 100 may or may not include a white patch. Therefore, even if the metadata includes the actual maximum display luminance value of the display device according to the area of the white patch, it may be reasonable to find the maximum luminance region in the image rather than the white patch in the image. A detailed operation of obtaining the maximum luminance region by the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 17 to 18.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 performs the first metadata in operation 1340. Based on, the actual maximum luminance value of the mastering display apparatus according to the area of the maximum luminance region may be obtained.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may estimate the actual maximum luminance value of the mastering display apparatus according to the area of the maximum luminance region based on the first metadata.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 replaces the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display apparatus according to the area of the maximum luminance area of the current scene with the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display apparatus according to the area of the white patch. can do.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 is a mastering display device corresponding to the white patch of the 40k area on the first metadata to the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display device for the maximum luminance area of the current scene of 40k area It can be obtained with 980nit which is the actual maximum display luminance value of.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 masters the ratio between the average luminance value of the maximum luminance region and the maximum luminance value of the image (for example, 255 in the case of an 8-bit depth image) according to the area of the white patch. By multiplying the actual maximum display luminance value of the display apparatus, the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display apparatus according to the area of the maximum luminance region of the current scene may be obtained.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may add the second metadata to the second metadata in operation 1360. Based on this, the actual maximum luminance value of the target display apparatus according to the area of the maximum luminance region may be obtained.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may estimate or obtain an approximation of the actual maximum luminance value of the target display apparatus according to the area of the maximum luminance region based on the second metadata.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may replace the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display apparatus according to the area of the maximum luminance region of the current scene with the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display apparatus according to the area of the white patch. have.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may determine the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display apparatus with respect to the maximum luminance region of the current scene of 40k area, and the actual value of the target display apparatus corresponding to the white patch of 40k area on the second metadata. It can be obtained with the maximum display luminance value of 450 nits.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 displays a ratio between the average luminance value of the maximum luminance region and the maximum luminance value of the image (for example, 255 in the case of an 8-bit depth image) according to the area of the white patch.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display apparatus according to the area of the maximum luminance region of the current scene may be obtained by multiplying the actual maximum display luminance value of the apparatus.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a method for determining to obtain a center pixel for the maximum luminance region of the current scene.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may determine, among the pixels of the current scene, the center pixel p of the region that maximizes the sum of the luminance values of the pixels included in the region having a predetermined size.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may set a first region having a predetermined size centering on the first pixel of the current scene and obtain a sum of luminance values of pixels in the first region.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may set a second region having the same size as the first region with respect to the second pixel of the current scene, and obtain the sum of the luminance values of the pixels in the second region.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may compare the sum of the luminance values of the first region with the sum of the luminance values of the second region, and determine the first pixel or the second pixel as the center pixel for the maximum luminance region. When the sum of the luminance values of the first region is greater than the sum of the luminance values of the second region, the center pixel for the maximum luminance region may be the first pixel.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may initialize factors for obtaining the center pixel. For example, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may initialize f, the number of the current frame in the current scene, to 0, and initialize p, the number of the current pixel, in the current frame, to zero. In addition, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may initialize the MAX to zero.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may set an area having a predetermined size and a predetermined shape with respect to the p-th pixel in the f-th frame.
- the size and shape of the area may be determined based on the size of the frame, the position of the foreground and the background.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may change the size and shape of the region into a square, a rectangle, a circle, or the like.
- the center pixel for the maximum luminance region may vary according to the size and shape of the region.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may acquire S (f, p) of the region set in operation 1420.
- S (f, p) may mean the sum of luminance values of pixels included in the area.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may compare S (f, p) with MAX. If S (f, p) is greater than MAX, in step 1450, the center pixel may be set to p, and the frame including the center pixel may be set to f. MAX can also be set to S (f, p). On the other hand, when S (f, p) is not greater than MAX, the center pixel, the frame containing the center pixel, and MAX may maintain the existing value. MAX may mean the maximum value of the S (f, p) values obtained to date.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may determine whether the current pixel p is the last pixel in the f-th frame. If the current pixel p is not the last pixel in the f-th frame, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may repeat steps 1420 to 1450 based on the next pixel. For example, in operation 1480, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may increase p by one.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may determine whether the current frame f is the last frame in the current scene. If the current frame f is not the last frame in the current scene, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may repeat steps 1420 to 1450 based on the next frame. For example, in operation 1490, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may increase f by one.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may determine the center pixel of the maximum luminance region.
- a title or image 1500 having an 8-bit depth is divided into a plurality of scenes including a first scene 1510, a second scene 1520, a third scene 1530, and a fourth scene 1540.
- the third scene 1530 may be divided into a plurality of frames including an Nth frame 1550, an N + 1th frame 1560, and an N + 2th frame 1570.
- the center pixel of the maximum luminance region of the third scene 1530 may be the pixel 1580 corresponding to the center of the sun existing in the N + 1th frame.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 sets an area 1590 in which the width and the vertical length correspond to n pixel lengths, and move the position of the area 1590 within the current scene, and include the pixels included in the area 1590. It is possible to determine the position where the sum of the luminance values of these becomes the maximum. As shown in FIG. 15, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may move the position of the region 1590 in the horizontal direction.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may move the region 1590 in various directions such as a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, and a diagonal direction within the third scene to determine the center pixel.
- the moving direction of the region 1590 may be determined based on the size of the frame. For example, when the horizontal length of the frame is longer than the vertical length, the moving direction of the region 1590 may be the horizontal direction. As another example, when the vertical length of the frame is longer than the horizontal length, the moving direction of the region 1590 may be the vertical direction.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may determine the moving direction of the region 1590 based on the position of the foreground and the background in the frame.
- FIG. 16 illustrates another operation of determining the center pixel of the maximum luminance region of the current scene.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may select some of the pixels included in the current scene and determine the center pixel of the maximum luminance region among the selected pixels.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may select pixels located at predetermined coordinates among pixels included in the current scene.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may select some pixels among the pixels included in the current scene based on the size of the frame, the position of the foreground and the background.
- a title or image 1600 may include a plurality of gods including a first scene 1610, a second scene 1620, a third scene 1630, and a fourth scene 1640. It can be divided into The third scene 1630 may be divided into a plurality of frames including an Nth frame 1650, an N + 1th frame 1660, and an N + 2th frame 1670.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may select pixels located at the upper right side of the frame among the pixels of the third scene to obtain an average luminance value of the third scene.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may include pixels 1655 positioned at the upper right of the Nth frame 1650, pixels 1665 positioned at the upper right of the N + 1th frame 1660, and N + 2.
- the pixels 1675 positioned at the upper right of the frame 1670 may be selected.
- the center pixel of the maximum luminance region of the third scene 1630 may be the pixel 1680 corresponding to the center of the sun existing in the N + 1th frame.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 sets an area 1695 in which the width and the length correspond to n pixel lengths, and moves the center point of the area within the selected pixels, and the luminance of the pixels included in the area 1695. The position where the sum of the values is maximum can be determined.
- 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method of obtaining a maximum luminance region of a current scene.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may acquire the area of the maximum luminance region based on the position of the center pixel and the luminance value of the center pixel.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 is a number of first pixels among pixels of a frame including the center pixel, located within a threshold distance from the center pixel and having a luminance value within a threshold range from the luminance value of the center pixel. Can be obtained.
- the number of first pixels may be an area of the maximum luminance region.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may initialize factors for obtaining the maximum luminance region. For example, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may initialize p, which is the number of the current pixel in the frame including the center pixel, to 0, and initialize the area of the maximum luminance region to zero.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may determine whether an absolute value of a difference between the luminance value of the p-th pixel and the luminance value of the center pixel is within a threshold range. In addition, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may determine whether the distance between the p-th pixel and the center pixel is within a threshold distance.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit may include the p-th pixel as the maximum luminance region. Therefore, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may increase the area of the maximum luminance region by 1 in step 1730.
- the p-th pixel may be excluded from the maximum luminance region.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may maintain the area of the maximum luminance region at an existing value.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may determine whether the p th pixel, which is the current pixel, is the last pixel in the frame including the center pixel. If the p-th pixel that is the current pixel is not the last pixel, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may repeat steps 1720 to 1730 based on the next pixel. For example, in operation 1750, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may increase p by one.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may select first pixels included in the maximum luminance region among the pixels in the frame including the center pixel.
- the number of the selected first pixels may be the area of the maximum luminance region.
- FIG. 18 illustrates a region 1590 and a maximum luminance region 1800 of a predetermined size and a predetermined shape for selecting the center pixel described above with reference to FIG. 15.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may determine the center pixel 1580 of the maximum luminance region among the pixels of the current scene.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 has a luminance value that differs from the luminance value of the central pixel below the threshold range among the pixels in the N + 1th frame 1560 including the central pixel of FIG. 15, First pixels located within a threshold distance from the center pixel may be determined.
- the number of first pixels may be an area of the maximum luminance region 1800.
- the region 1590 and the maximum luminance region 1800 for selecting the center pixel may be independent of each other.
- the maximum luminance region 1800 may or may not include the region 1590 for selecting a center pixel.
- the size and shape of the region 1590 for selecting the center pixel may be set based on the size of the frame, the position of the foreground and the background.
- the shape and area of the maximum luminance region 1800 may be set based on the luminance value of the center pixel and the position of the center pixel.
- 19 is a flowchart illustrating a method of performing tone mapping based on luminance characteristics of an image.
- the tone mapping unit 240 may generate a luminance value of the current scene based on at least one of a maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene and a maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene. Tone mapping can be performed on.
- the tone mapping unit 240 may obtain a tone mapped luminance value of the pixel by performing tone mapping on the original luminance value of the pixel included in the frame of the current scene.
- the tone mapping unit 240 may display the current scene using the tone mapped luminance value.
- the image processing apparatus 100 may not include the display unit 830, and the image processing method 900 may proceed to step 1910. Can be omitted.
- FIG. 20 illustrates an example of an operation of performing tone mapping based on luminance characteristics of an image.
- FIG. 20 illustrates an operation in which the tone mapping unit 240 performs tone mapping based on the first metadata.
- the actual maximum display luminance value SCENE_PEAK of the mastering display according to the ideal maximum display luminance value of the target display and the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the image is 500 nit. May be the same.
- the ideal maximum display luminance value MAX_CLL of the mastering display may be 1000 nit.
- the graph of FIG. 20 is a linear linear connection between a point 2020 and an origin 2010 consisting of 1000 ns ideal maximum display luminance value (MAX_CLL) of the mastering display and 500 nits of the ideal maximum display luminance value of the target display. Tone mapping function 2000 is included.
- the graph of FIG. 20 connects a point 2040 and an origin 2010 composed of an actual maximum display luminance value of 500 nits of a mastering display and an ideal maximum display luminance value of 500 nits of a target display according to luminance characteristics of a current scene of an image.
- Linear linear tonemapping function 2030 composed of an actual maximum display luminance value of 500 nits of a mastering display and an ideal maximum display luminance value of 500 nits of a target display according to luminance characteristics of a current scene of an image.
- the x-axis of the graph of FIG. 20 may correspond to the luminance value of the original image input to the image processing apparatus 100, and the y-axis of the graph may correspond to the luminance value of the tone-mapped image output from the image processing apparatus 100. .
- the tone-mapped luminance value of 250 nit may be obtained by the 2000 tone mapping function, and the bypassed luminance of 500 nit by the 2030 tone mapping function. The value can be obtained.
- the 2000 tone mapping function that considers the luminance characteristics of the image may preserve the intention of the image producer reflected in the original image better than the 2030 tone mapping function that does not consider the luminance characteristics of the image.
- the tone mapping unit 240 performs tone mapping on the input image using the 2030 tone mapping function, the image displayed on the target display of the target system may be the same as the original.
- the ideal maximum display luminance value MAX_CLL of the mastering display is twice the ideal maximum display luminance value of the target display, the luminance value of the original image may be halved by the 2000 tone mapping function. . Therefore, when the tone mapping unit 240 performs tone mapping on the input image using the 2000 tone mapping function, the image displayed on the target display of the target system may become dark due to unnecessary tone mapping.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart of another method of performing tone mapping based on luminance characteristics of an image.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart of a method in which the image processing apparatus 100 performs tone mapping on a luminance value of a current scene of an image based on first metadata.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may acquire a maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene based on the first metadata.
- the first metadata received by the receiver 110 may include an actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the image.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may acquire the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the input image, and may obtain an actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene based on the first metadata.
- the tone mapping unit 240 may perform tone mapping on the current scene based on the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristics of the current scene.
- the tone mapping unit 240 may obtain a tone mapped luminance value of the pixel by performing tone mapping on the original luminance value of the pixel included in the frame of the current scene. Tone mapping based on the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 21 to 24.
- FIG. 22 illustrates another example of an operation of performing tone mapping based on luminance characteristics of an image. Specifically, FIG. 22 illustrates an operation of narrowing the dynamic range of an image.
- the graph 2200 of FIG. 22 illustrates a tone mapped luminance value according to a code value of an original luminance value.
- the x-axis of the graph 2200 may correspond to a value obtained by normalizing the luminance value of the original image to a code value between 0 and 1.
- the ideal maximum luminance value of the mastering display device or the actual maximum luminance value according to the brightness characteristic of the image may correspond to 1
- the minimum luminance value of the mastering display device may correspond to 0.
- the y-axis of the graph 2200 may correspond to the tone mapped luminance value of the corrected image.
- an ideal maximum display luminance value of the target display may be 500 nit.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display may be 600 nit, and the ideal maximum display luminance value of the mastering display may be 1000 nit according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the image. Since the maximum display luminance value of the mastering display is larger than the maximum display luminance value of the target display, the tone mapping of FIG. 22 may narrow the dynamic range of the image.
- the graph 2200 of FIG. 22 includes a tone mapping function 2220 based on an ideal maximum display luminance value of 1000 nits of a mastering display and an ideal maximum display luminance value of 500 nits of a target display.
- the 2220 tone mapping function may pass (code value 1, an ideal maximum display luminance of 500 targets of the target display).
- the 2220 tonemapping function may also include a straight line 2240 connecting the origin with (Code Value 1, the ideal maximum display luminance value of the mastering display of 1,000 nit). For code values below the threshold TM2, the 2220 tonemapping function may correspond to 2240 straight lines.
- the threshold will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 31 to 33.
- the graph 2200 of FIG. 22 illustrates a tone mapping function 2210 based on the actual maximum display luminance value 600 nit of the mastering display and the ideal maximum display luminance value 500 nit of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the image.
- the 2210 tone mapping function can pass (code value 1, the ideal maximum display luminance of 500 targets of the target display).
- the 2210 tone mapping function may also include a straight line 2230 connecting the origin with (Code Value 1, the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristics of the current scene).
- code values below threshold TM1 the 2210 tonemapping function may correspond to 2230 straight lines and the original luminance value may be bypassed.
- code values above threshold TM1 the original luminance value may be tonemapped.
- the threshold will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 31 to 33.
- the straight line 2230 connecting the origin with (code value 1, the actual display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristics of the current scene) on the graph 2200 may correspond to the original luminance characteristics of the image created by the image creator and the colorist. have.
- the 2210 tone mapping function that considers the luminance characteristics of the image may preserve the intention of the image maker reflected in the original image better than the 2220 tone mapping function that does not consider the luminance characteristics of the image.
- the tone mapped luminance value obtained by the 2220 tone mapping function may exceed the original luminance value. Therefore, according to the 2220 tone mapping function, some luminance values of the original image may be brightened and some other luminance values of the original image may be darkened. For example, based on code value 0.7, which is a point where the 2220 tone mapping function and the 2230 straight line meet, the result of the 2220 tone mapping function may vary.
- the 2220 tone mapping function may obtain a tone mapped luminance value that is brighter than the luminance value of the original image with respect to the luminance value of the original image corresponding to the code value 0 to the code value 0.7.
- the graph 2200 includes a tone-mapped luminance value that is unnecessarily brightened by delta ( ⁇ ) than the original luminance value by the 2220 tone mapping function.
- the 2220 tone mapping function may obtain a tone mapped luminance value that is darker than the luminance value of the original image, for the luminance value of the original image corresponding to the code value 0.7 to the code value 1. Therefore, when using the 2220 tone mapping function that does not consider the luminance characteristics of the image, a part of the image is brighter than the original image and the other part is darker than the original image, so that the intention of the original image may be distorted. have.
- the 2210 tone mapping function taking into account the luminance characteristics of the image is based on 2230 straight lines corresponding to the original image
- the tone mapped luminance values obtained by the 2210 tone mapping function may be collectively darkened compared to the original luminance values. have.
- the luminance value of the original image may be unnecessarily increased in consideration of the luminance characteristic of the image. Therefore, by using the 2210 tone mapping function considering the luminance characteristic of the image, it is possible to efficiently preserve the intention of the original image.
- FIG. 23 illustrates another example of an operation of performing tone mapping based on a luminance characteristic of an image. Specifically, FIG. 23 illustrates an operation of widening the dynamic range of an image.
- an ideal maximum display luminance value of the target display may be 2000 nit.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display may be 600 nit, and the ideal maximum display luminance value of the mastering display may be 1000 nit according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the image. Since the maximum display luminance value of the mastering display is smaller than the maximum display luminance value of the target display, the tone mapping of FIG. 23 may widen the dynamic range of the image. Tone mapping that broadens the dynamic range of an image is also referred to as inverse tone mapping.
- the graph 2300 of FIG. 23 includes a tone mapping function 2320 based on an ideal maximum display luminance value of 1000 nits of a mastering display and an ideal maximum display luminance value of 2000 nits of a target display.
- the 2220 tone mapping function may pass (code value 1, an ideal maximum display luminance value of 2000 targets of the target display).
- the 2320 tonemapping function may also include a straight line 2340 connecting the origin with (Code Value 1, the ideal maximum display luminance value of the mastering display of 1,000 nit). For code values below the threshold TM1, the 2320 tonemapping function may correspond to a 2340 straight line.
- the threshold will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 31 to 33.
- the graph 2300 of FIG. 23 illustrates a tone mapping function 2310 based on the actual maximum display luminance value 600 nit of the mastering display and the ideal maximum display luminance value 2000 nit of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the image.
- the 2310 tone mapping function may pass (code value 1, an ideal maximum display luminance value of 2000 targets of the target display).
- the 2310 tone mapping function may also include a straight line 2330 connecting the origin with (Code Value 1, the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristics of the current scene).
- code values below threshold TM2 the 2310 tonemapping function may correspond to a 2330 straight line and the original luminance value may be bypassed.
- code values above threshold TM1 the original luminance value may be tonemapped.
- the threshold will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 31 to 33.
- a straight line 2330 connecting the origin with (code value 1, the actual display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristics of the current scene 600 nit) may correspond to the original luminance characteristics of the image created by the image creator and the colorist. have.
- the 2310 tone mapping function considering the luminance characteristic of the image can preserve the intention of the image maker reflected in the original image better than the 2320 tone mapping function that does not consider the luminance characteristic of the image.
- the tone mapped luminance value obtained by the 2320 tone mapping function may be excessively tone mapped compared to the original luminance value.
- the graph 2300 includes a tone-mapped luminance value that is excessively brighter by delta ( ⁇ ) than the original luminance value by the 2320 tone mapping function. Therefore, when using the 2320 tone mapping function that does not take into account the luminance characteristics of the image, the image may be excessively bright and the intention of the original image may be distorted.
- the tone mapped luminance value obtained by the 2310 tone mapping function can maintain the original luminance value as much as possible.
- tone mapping to widen the dynamic range of the original image
- the case of excessively increasing the luminance value of the original image can be eliminated by considering the luminance characteristic of the image. Therefore, by using the 2310 tone mapping function considering the luminance characteristics of the image, it is possible to efficiently preserve the intention of the original image.
- the image processing apparatus 100 may correct the tone mapping function ft generated based on the characteristics of the mastering display and the target display. For example, when the dynamic range of a display device used by a consumer (hereinafter referred to as a 'consumer display') is different from the dynamic range of the target display, the image processing apparatus 100 may perform a function fs and tone mapping corresponding to the original image.
- the tone mapping function ft used in the unit 240 may be used to generate a new tone mapping function fc applicable to the consumer display.
- the consumer display may display an image which is tonemapped by ft.
- the consumer display may generate a new tone mapping function fc based on fs and ft to display an image closer to the original image.
- the consumer display applies new weight mapping by applying a first weight to fs corresponding to the original image and applying a second weight to the tone mapping function ft used in the image processing apparatus 100, as shown in Equation 2. You can create a function fc.
- FIG. 25 is a flowchart of another method of performing tone mapping based on luminance characteristics of an image.
- FIG. 25 is a flowchart of a method in which the image processing apparatus 100 performs tone mapping on a luminance value of a current scene of an image based on first metadata and second metadata.
- the luminance characteristic acquirer 230 may acquire a maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene based on the first metadata.
- the first metadata received by the receiver 110 may include an actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the image.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may acquire the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the input image, and may obtain an actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene based on the first metadata.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may acquire the maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene based on the second metadata.
- the second metadata received by the receiver 110 may include an actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the image.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230 may acquire the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the input image, and obtain the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene based on the second metadata.
- the tone mapping unit 240 may perform tone mapping on the current scene based on the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display and the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristics of the current scene. .
- the tone mapping unit 240 may obtain a tone mapped luminance value of the pixel by performing tone mapping on the original luminance value of the pixel included in the frame of the current scene. Tone mapping based on the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display and the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 26 below.
- FIG. 26 illustrates another example of an operation of performing tone mapping based on luminance characteristics of an image. Specifically, FIG. 26 illustrates an operation of narrowing the dynamic range of an image.
- the graph 2200 of FIG. 26 illustrates a tone mapped luminance value according to a code value of an original luminance value.
- the x-axis of the graph 2600 may correspond to a value obtained by normalizing the luminance value of the original image to a code value between 0 and 1.
- the ideal maximum luminance value of the mastering display device or the actual maximum luminance value according to the brightness characteristic of the image may correspond to 1
- the minimum luminance value of the mastering display device may correspond to 0.
- the y-axis of the graph 2600 may correspond to the tone-mapped luminance value of the corrected image.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the image may be 400 nit, and the ideal maximum display luminance value (Target Display Peak) of the target display may be It can be 500 nit.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display may be 600 nit, and the ideal maximum display luminance value of the mastering display may be 1000 nit according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the image. Since the maximum display luminance value of the mastering display is larger than the maximum display luminance value of the target display, the tone mapping of FIG. 26 may narrow the dynamic range of the image.
- the graph 2600 of FIG. 26 includes a tone mapping function 2620 based on an ideal maximum display luminance value of 1000 nits of a mastering display and an ideal maximum display luminance value of 500 nits of a target display.
- the 2620 tone mapping function may pass (code value 1, an ideal maximum display luminance value of 500 targets of the target display).
- the 2620 tonemapping function may also include a straight line 2640 connecting the origin with (Code Value 1, the ideal maximum display luminance value of the mastering display of 1,000 nit). For code values below the threshold TM2, the 2620 tonemapping function may correspond to a 2640 straight line.
- the threshold will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 31 to 33.
- the graph 2600 of FIG. 26 is based on the actual maximum display luminance value 600 nit of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the image and the actual maximum display luminance value 400 nit of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the image.
- Tone mapping function 2610 is included.
- the 2610 tone mapping function may pass (code value 1, the actual maximum display luminance value 400 nit of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the current scene).
- the 2610 tonemapping function may also include a straight line 2630 connecting the origin with (code value 1, the actual maximum display luminance value of 6000 n of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristics of the current scene).
- the 2610 tonemapping function may correspond to a 2630 straight line and the original luminance value may be bypassed. Also, for code values above threshold TM1, the original luminance value may be tonemapped.
- the threshold will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 31 to 33.
- a straight line 2630 connecting the origin with (code value 1, the actual display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristics of the current scene) on the graph 2600 may correspond to the original luminance characteristics of the image created by the image creator and the colorist. have.
- the 2610 tone mapping function considering the luminance characteristic of the image may preserve the intention of the image maker reflected in the original image better than the 2620 tone mapping function not considering the luminance characteristic of the image.
- the tone mapped luminance value obtained by the 2620 tone mapping function may exceed the original luminance value. Therefore, according to the 2620 tone mapping function, some luminance values of the original image may be brightened and some other luminance values of the original image may be darkened. For example, based on code value 0.7, which is a point where a 2620 tone mapping function and a 2630 straight line meet, a result of the 2620 tone mapping function may vary.
- the 2620 tone mapping function may obtain a tone mapped luminance value that is brighter than the luminance value of the original image with respect to the luminance value of the original image corresponding to the code value 0 to the code value 0.7.
- the graph 2600 includes a tone-mapped luminance value that is unnecessarily brightened by delta ( ⁇ ) than the original luminance value by the 2620 tone mapping function.
- the 2620 tone mapping function may obtain a tone mapped luminance value that is darker than the luminance value of the original image, for the luminance value of the original image corresponding to the code value 0.7 to the code value 1. Therefore, using a 2620 tone mapping function that does not take into account the luminance characteristics of the image, part of the image is brighter than the original image, and the other part is darker than the original image, the intention of the original image may be distorted have.
- the tone mapped luminance values obtained by the 2610 tone mapping function may be darkened collectively compared to the original luminance values. have.
- the luminance value of the original image may be unnecessarily increased in consideration of the luminance characteristic of the image. Therefore, by using the 2610 tone mapping function that considers the brightness characteristic of the image, it is possible to efficiently preserve the intention of the original image.
- the 2610 tone mapping function may further consider the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the image, as compared to the 2210 tone mapping function.
- the tone-mapped luminance value obtained by the 2210 tone mapping function may have a value greater than 400 nit, which is the ideal maximum display luminance value of the target display, and less than 500 nit, which is the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display. Due to a problem of power consumption according to the brightness characteristic of the image, the target display may not display the luminance value exceeding 400 nit. Therefore, the tone mapped luminance value of 400 nit or more may distort the intention of the original image.
- the tone mapped luminance value obtained by the 2610 tone mapping function may not exceed 400 nit, which is the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the image. Therefore, in consideration of not only the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the image, but also the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the image, the intention of the original image can be preserved better.
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating a method of correcting a saturation value of an image based on a tone-mapped luminance value.
- the saturation value perceived by the human with respect to the tone-mapped image may be lower than the saturation value recognized by the human with respect to the original image.
- the saturation value perceived by the human may be higher for the tonemapped image than the saturation value perceived by the human with respect to the original image. Therefore, when the image processing apparatus 100 and the image processing method 900 correct the chroma values of the tone-mapped image together, the intention of the original image may be preserved more efficiently.
- the chroma correction unit 250 may correct the chroma value of the image based on the original luminance value and the tone-mapped luminance value of the image. Specifically, the chroma correction unit 250 is included in the frame of the current scene. The chroma value of the pixel may be corrected based on the original luminance value and the tone mapped luminance value of the pixel. For example, when the original luminance value is lower than the tone mapped luminance value of the pixel, the chroma compensator 250 may increase the saturation value of the pixel, and the original luminance value is higher than the tone mapped luminance value of the pixel. In this case, the saturation correction unit 250 may lower the saturation value of the pixel.
- the corrected saturation value may be determined based on the ratio of the log scale of the original luminance value and the log scale of the tonemapped luminance value.
- Human cognitive ability to color may be based on a logarithmic scale. Human perception of color may be relatively more sensitive to dark colors and less sensitive to light colors. Therefore, even if the difference between the luminance value of the original image and the luminance value of the tone-mapped image is constant, the lower the luminance value of the original image may increase the intensity of saturation correction, and the difference between the corrected saturation value and the original saturation value Can grow.
- the intensity of the saturation correction may be log (1000/900).
- the intensity of the saturation correction may be log (500/400).
- FIG. 28 illustrates an operation of correcting a saturation value of an image based on a tone-mapped luminance value.
- the 2810 graph shows the tonemapped luminance values according to the code value of the original luminance values.
- the tone mapping unit 240 may perform tone mapping on the original luminance value according to the tone mapping function 2820 of the 2810 graph.
- the 2840 graph shows the intensity of the saturation correction according to the code value of the original luminance value.
- the saturation correction unit 250 may correct the original saturation value according to the saturation correction function 2850 of the 2840 graph. As the saturation gain is higher, the saturation correction strength of the saturation correction unit 250 may be stronger.
- the saturation correction unit 250 may correct the saturation value of the pixel when the luminance value of the pixel exceeds the threshold value TMx and bypass the saturation value when the luminance value of the pixel is less than or equal to the threshold value TMx. As described above, the tone mapping unit 240 may bypass or tonemap the original luminance value based on the threshold value. When the tone mapping unit 240 bypasses the original luminance value of the pixel, since the human perceived saturation value may be maintained, the saturation correction unit 250 may bypass the saturation value of the pixel.
- the tone mapping unit 240 may bypass the original luminance value corresponding to the code value of TMx or less according to the tone mapping function 2820, and the chroma correction unit 250 may deactivate the chroma.
- the saturation value of a pixel having an original luminance value corresponding to a code value of TMx or less may be bypassed.
- the saturation correction unit 250 may perform saturation correction on pixels having an original luminance value corresponding to a code value exceeding TMx.
- FIG. 29 is a block diagram of an image processing apparatus that performs tone mapping and saturation correction according to luminance characteristics of an image by using unified dynamic metadata.
- the integrated dynamic metadata may include dynamic metadata whose value varies according to the luminance characteristic of the original image 2910, and static metadata whose value is constant regardless of the luminance characteristic of the original image.
- the integrated dynamic metadata may further include user input parameters.
- the static metadata may include metadata according to the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) ST2086 standard.
- the static metadata may include 'MinLum of Source Mastering Monitor', the ideal minimum display luminance value of the mastering display, 'MaxLum of Source Mastering Monitor', the ideal maximum display luminance value of the mastering display, and the color space of the mastering display. It may include 'White Point', which is the x, y color coordinate of the white point for, and 'Primaries', which is the x, y color coordinate of the primary color for the color space of the mastering display.
- the static metadata may include 'MinLum of Target System', which is an ideal minimum display luminance value of the target display, and 'MaxLum of Target System,' which is an ideal maximum display luminance value of the target display.
- Table 1 shows an example of dynamic metadata and user input parameters.
- Metadata Specification The metadata from the source / target system Dynamic peak luminance characteristics- SOURCE_PEAK_BEHAVIOR (of the source mastering monitor)-TARGET_PEAK_BEHAVIOR (of the target system)
- the metadata from contents Scene-wise average of maximum of color component values ⁇ R, G, B ⁇ (SCENE_AVG)-Scene-wise area of the brightest pixels ( SCENE_PEAK_AREA)
- SOURCE_PEAK_BEHAVIOR and TARGET_PEAK_BEHAVIOR may correspond to dynamic metadata that varies depending on the luminance characteristics of the original image 2910.
- SOURCE_PEAK_BEHAVIOR may be metadata including the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the image, and may be received from a source system including the mastering display.
- TARGET_PEAK_BEHAVIOR may be metadata including the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristic of the image, and may be received from the target system 2900 including the target display.
- SOURCE_PEAK_BEHAVIOR and TARGET_PEAK_BEHAVIOR may correspond to the first metadata and the second metadata described above with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7, respectively.
- SCENE_MAX, SCENE_AVG, and SCEN_PEAK_AREA may be metadata corresponding to luminance characteristics of the original image 2910 obtained by the image processing apparatus 2900.
- SCENE_MAX may correspond to a maximum value among RGB color components in the current scene of the original image 2910.
- SCENE_AVG may correspond to an average luminance value of the current scene of the original image 2910 described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12. Further, SCENE_AVG may be obtained based on the maximum value of the RGB color components of the pixel.
- SCENE_PEAK_AREA may correspond to the area of the maximum luminance region in the current scene of the original image 2910 described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 18.
- SCENE_DYNAMIC_FLAG, TONE_PRESERVING_LUM, and COLOR_SATURATION_WEIGT may correspond to input parameters of the image processing apparatus 2900 that can be set by the user.
- SCENE_DYNAMIC_FLAG may correspond to a flag indicating whether to acquire the luminance characteristic of the current scene of the original image 2910 described with reference to FIG. 10.
- TONE_PRESERVING_LUM may correspond to a luminance preservation value for the current scene of the original image 2910
- COLOR_SATURATION_WEIGT may correspond to an input parameter for adjusting the intensity of saturation correction.
- the image processing apparatus 2900 of FIG. 29 includes a decoder 2920, a shaper 2930, a converter 2940, a luminance characteristic acquisition unit 2950, a tone mapping unit 2960, a saturation correction unit 2970, an inverse converter ( 2945), an inverse shaper 2935, and an encoder 2925.
- the image processing apparatus 2900 of FIG. 29 may be included in the controller 120 of the image processing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1.
- the unit 2970 and the encoder 2925 may correspond to the decoder 210, the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 230, the tone mapping unit 240, the saturation correction unit 250, and the encoder 270 of FIG. 2.
- the shaper 2930 and the converter 2940 of FIG. 29 may be included in the converter 220 of FIG. 2, and the inverse converter 2945 and the inverse shaper 2935 of FIG. 29 may include the inverse converter 260 of FIG. 2. Can be included. Therefore, description overlapping with FIG. 1 will be omitted.
- the decoder 2920 may decode the original image 2910 and acquire the decoded original image 2910. Also, when the decoded original image 2910 has the YCbCr format, the decoder 2920 may convert the decoded original image 2910 of the YCbCr format into an RGB format.
- the shaper 2930 may perform linearization on the original image 2910, if necessary.
- the shaper 2930 may perform linearization according to the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) ST2084 on the original image 2910.
- the SMPTE ST2084 may perform the high dynamic range EOTF of the mastering display.
- the shaper 2930 may gamma decode or inverse gamma correct the original image 2910 or the gamma corrected original image 2910 by non-gamma encoding.
- the linearized original image 2910 may be obtained by performing the following operations.
- the converter 2940 may convert the original color space of the original image 2910 into a working color space in which tone mapping is performed.
- the converter 2940 may store the x, y color coordinates 'Primaires' of the primary color of the original image 2910 and the x, y color coordinates of the white point, 'White Point', corresponding to the working color space. You can convert the x, y color coordinates of the hair color and the x, y color coordinates of the white point. If the original color space of the original image 2910 coincides with the working color space, the converter 2940 may be omitted.
- the operations of the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 2950, the tone mapping unit 2960, and the saturation correction unit 2970 can be summarized in Table 2.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 2950 is a linearized original image [R_linear; G_linear; B_linear] is input and normalized original image [R_norm; G_norm; B_norm] can be output.
- the maximum luminance value may correspond to 10,000 nit. Therefore, when the shaper 2930 performs linearization according to the ST2084 standard, in order to normalize the linearized original image based on 10,000 nits, the linearized original image may be multiplied by a normalization factor of 10,000 / ScenePeak.
- the normalization factor may be set based on the parameter SCENE_DYNAMIC_FLAG that can be set by the user.
- SCENE_DYNAMIC_FLAG instructs to acquire the luminance characteristic of the original image 2910
- the normalized actual maximum display luminance value TargetPeak of the target display may be set to a larger value. That is, when SCENE_DYNAMIC_FLAG instructs to acquire the luminance characteristic of the original image 2910, the normalization factor may be set based on dynamic metadata.
- ScenePeak may be set to the MaxLum of Source Mastering Monitor corresponding to the static metadata. That is, if SCENE_DYNAMIC_FLAG indicates not to acquire the luminance characteristic of the original image 2910, the normalization factor may be set based on the static metadata.
- the maximum luminance value SCENE_MAX of the scene may be set to the maximum value among the RGB color components of all the pixels in the scene, or the maximum luminance value SCENE_MAX of the scene is the maximum among the RGB color components of all pixels defined by the pixel selector. It can be set to a value.
- the pixel selector may select some of the pixels included in the current scene based on the size of the frame, the position of the foreground and the background, and the like.
- the average luminance value SCENE_AVG of the scene may be set to an average value of the maximum luminance values of all the pixels in the scene.
- the maximum luminance value of the pixel may mean the maximum value among the RGB color components of one pixel, as described above with reference to FIG. 11.
- the area SCEN_PEAK_AREA of the maximum luminance region may be set by a function f ( ⁇ y) for the luminance value and a function g ( ⁇ d) for the distance.
- f ( ⁇ y) may determine whether the candidate pixel x may be included in the maximum luminance region based on the luminance value of the candidate pixel x.
- f ( ⁇ y) is an input of an absolute value of the difference value between Y_linear (x, k ') and scene_region_max.
- Y_linear (x, k ') means a luminance value of the candidate pixel x in the frame k' including the center pixel p 'of the maximum luminance region.
- the luminance value Y_linear (x, k ') of the candidate pixel x may be obtained using the RGB color component of the candidate pixel x.
- the scene_region_max means an average luminance value ((region_avg (p ', k')) of pixels included in an MxN size region having the center pixel p 'of the maximum luminance region as a center. As shown in Table 4, the average luminance value ((region_avg (p, k))) of the pixels included in the MxN region is determined by determining that the center of the MxN region is the p 'pixel in the k' frame. The center may be larger than when any other pixel in the scene is.
- the p 'pixel in the k' frame may be the center pixel of the maximum luminance region.
- scene_region_max is referred to as a reference luminance value of the maximum luminance region.
- g ( ⁇ d) may determine whether the candidate pixel x may be included in the maximum luminance region based on the position of the candidate pixel x.
- the difference between the luminance value Y_linear (x, k ') of the candidate pixel and the reference luminance value scene_region_max of the maximum luminance region is y1 or less, and the distance between the center pixel p' of the maximum luminance region and the candidate pixel x is d1.
- the candidate pixel x has the maximum luminance. May be excluded from the area. That is, the area SCEN_PEAK_AREA of the maximum luminance region is not increased by the candidate pixel x.
- the difference between the luminance value Y_linear (x, k ') of the candidate pixel and the reference luminance value scene_region_max of the maximum luminance region is larger than y1 and smaller than y2, 0? F ( ⁇ y) ⁇ 1, and the area of the maximum luminance region ( SCENE_PEAK_AREA) may increase by a size less than one. Further, when the distance between the center pixel p 'of the maximum luminance region and the candidate pixel x is larger than d1 and smaller than d2, 0 ⁇ g ( ⁇ d) ⁇ 1, resulting in the area of the maximum luminance region SCENE_PEAK_AREA. ) May increase by a size less than one.
- f ( ⁇ y) and g ( ⁇ d) may be specific examples of operation 1720 described above.
- operation 1720 the luminance value of the center pixel is used, whereas in f ( ⁇ y), the reference luminance value scene_region_max of the maximum luminance region is used.
- the reference luminance value scene_region_max of the maximum luminance region may correspond to the average luminance value of the pixels included in the above-described 1590 region.
- the area SCEN_PEAK_AREA of the maximum luminance area may correspond to the area of the above-described 1800 area.
- the luminance characteristic acquisition unit 2950 obtains the actual maximum display luminance value of the master display and the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the luminance characteristics of the original image 2910 based on the dynamic metadata SOURCE_PEAK_BEHAVIOR and TARGET_PEAK_BEHAVIOR.
- the operation can be summarized in Table 4. 30 shows the calculation process in Table 4 in chronological order.
- SourcePeak is set to the normalized actual maximum display luminance value SourcePeak 'of the mastering display according to the luminance characteristic of the original image 2910, and TargetPeak is the target display. Can be set to the normalized actual maximum display luminance value TargetPeak '. That is, when SCENE_DYNAMIC_FLAG instructs to obtain the luminance characteristic of the original image 2910, the parameters SourcePeak and TargetPeak of tone mapping and saturation correction may be set based on dynamic metadata.
- SOURCE_PEAK_BEHAVIOR (scene_avg_norm, SCENE_PEAK_AREA) may be the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display according to the scene normalized value (scene_avg_norm) and the maximum luminance area (SCENE_PEAK_AREA) of the scene's average luminance value (SCENE_AVG) based on 10000 nit.
- SourcePeak ' may correspond to a value obtained by normalizing the actual maximum display luminance value of the mastering display based on 10000 nit.
- TARGET_PEAK_BEHAVIOR (scene_avg_norm, SCENE_PEAK_AREA) may be the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display according to the scene normalized value (scene_avg_norm) and the maximum luminance area (SCENE_PEAK_AREA) of the scene's average luminance value (SCENE_AVG) based on 10000 nit.
- TargetPeak ' may correspond to a value obtained by normalizing the actual maximum display luminance value of the target display based on 10000 nit.
- SourcePeak is set to MaxLum of Source Mastering Monitor corresponding to static metadata
- TargetPeak is MaxLum of Target Monitor corresponding to static metadata. It can be set to. That is, if SCENE_DYNAMIC_FLAG indicates not to acquire the luminance characteristic of the original image 2910, the parameters SourcePeak and TargetPeak of tone mapping and saturation correction may be set based on static metadata.
- the tone mapping unit 2960 is a normalized original image [R_norm; G_norm; B_norm] [R_stm; which is a tone mapped image by applying tone mapping weight w; G_stm; B_stm] can be printed.
- An output value of the tone mapping function f_STM having a maximum value among the normalized original images (R_norm, G_norm, and B_norm) as an input may be the tone mapping weight w.
- the gain of the tone mapping function f_STM is lower as the input value is higher, the maximum value of the RGB color components of the normalized original image can be used to prevent saturation due to excessive tone mapping. .
- FIG. 31 shows the calculation process of Table 5 in chronological order.
- the tone mapping unit 2960 may set a threshold value according to the luminance characteristic of the original image 2910.
- the threshold value TMx may be a value between 0 and 1 divided by the average luminance value SCENE_AVG of the scene divided by the maximum luminance value SCENE_MAX of the scene.
- the tone mapping unit 2960 may determine whether the original luminance value is smaller than the threshold value. If the original luminance value is smaller than the threshold value, in operation 3130, the tone mapping unit 2960 may perform tone mapping according to the first scheme. In addition, when the original luminance value is larger than the threshold value, in operation 3140, the tone mapping unit 2960 may perform tone mapping according to the second scheme.
- the tone mapping according to the first scheme may be a linear function TMy / (TargetPeak * TMx) * x
- the tone mapping according to the second scheme may be a nonlinear function fn (x).
- the tone mapping according to the first scheme corresponds to a linear linear function connecting the origin and (TMx, TMy / TargetPeak)
- the tone mapping according to the second scheme corresponds to (TMx, TMy / TargetPeak) and (1, 0, TargetPeak) can be an nth order polynomial connecting.
- 32 shows an example of the tone mapping function f_STM 3210.
- the y axis of the tone mapping function f_STM 3210 is enlarged by TargetPeak times.
- TMy may correspond to the output value of the luminance preservation function f_plinear having the threshold value TMx as an input.
- 32 shows an example of the luminance preservation function f_plinear 3220.
- the luminance preserving value Thx may mean a threshold value at which the luminance value of the original image 2910 is not increased by tone mapping.
- [R_norm; which is an input of the tone mapping unit 2960; G_norm; B_norm] when the maximum value is smaller than the luminance preservation value Thx,
- [R_stm; which is an output of the tone mapping unit 2960; G_stm; B_stm] is [R_norm; G_norm; B_norm] may be equal to or less than.
- the tone mapping function f_STM 3310a of the first method for the input below the threshold value TMx is a linear linear function that bypasses the original luminance value.
- the tone mapping unit 2960 may preserve the non-bright area of the high dynamic range image as it is.
- the tone mapping function f_STM 3310b of the first method for an input below the threshold value TMx is tones the original luminance value to a smaller value. It can be a linear linear function that maps.
- the tone mapping unit 2960 may preserve detail of bright areas of the high dynamic range image. The image maker or the colorist may adjust the luminance preservation value Thx to preserve the dark region luminance characteristic of the original image or to preserve the luminance characteristic of the bright region.
- saturation correction unit 2970 is a tone-mapped image [R_stm; G_stm; B_stm] as input and chroma corrected image [R_scsm; G_scsm; B_scsm] can be output.
- chroma correction 2970 can be summarized in Table 6.
- the saturation correction unit 2970 converts RGB color components of a tone-mapped image into YUV components, performing saturation correction on the YUV components, and converts the saturation corrected YUV components to RGB again. Converting to color components.
- Saturation correction unit 2970 is [R_stm; G_stm; B_stm] is linearized by performing EOTF Rec.1886 gamma inverse correction to [R_stm '; G_stm '; B_stm '] and [R_stm' using the transformation matrix (M_RGB2YUV); G_stm '; B_stm '] from the luminance component and chroma component of the tone-mapped image [Y_stm; U_stm; V_stm] can be obtained.
- a conversion matrix (M_RGB2YUV) for converting RGB components to YUV components may be based on the SMPTE 240M standard.
- Saturation correction unit 2970 is a YUV component of the tone-mapped image using the saturation correction weight (S_scsm) [Y_stm; U_stm; YUV component [Y_scsm; of the saturation corrected image from V_stm]; U_scsm; V_scsm] can be obtained.
- the saturation correction weight S_scsm may be set to a smaller value among S_sm and S_scsm to prevent the saturation due to excessive saturation correction.
- the operation of the chroma compensator 2970 obtaining S_sm and S_scsm can be summarized by Table 7.
- the saturation correction unit 2970 may set S_sm as an output value of the saturation correction function f_SCSM having a maximum value (x_maxRGB) among the RGB color components of the tone-mapped image as an input.
- the saturation correction function f_SCSM may be determined by the ratio and intensity parameter S between the log scale of the original luminance value and the log scale of the tonemapped luminance value.
- the image producer and the colorist may adjust the magnitude of the saturation correction of the saturation correction function f_SCSM by setting the intensity parameter S.
- the saturation correction unit 2970 may increase the saturation value of the pixel. I can pass it.
- the saturation correction unit 2970 may perform saturation correction only on the region where tone mapping is performed in the original image 2910 by the tone mapping unit 2960. Therefore, when the threshold value TMx is smaller than the luminance preservation value Thx as described above with reference to FIG. 33, the tone mapping function f_STM 3310a of the first method for an input below the threshold value TMx is generated. Bypassing the luminance value, the chroma correction function f_SCSM for an input below the threshold value TMx may also bypass the original chroma value.
- the saturation correction unit 2970 may set S_max to the maximum saturation correction weight that does not cause color distortion.
- S_max may be set by any one of R_scsm ', G_scsm', and B_scsm 'in Table 7 has a negative value or becomes larger than 1, color distortion may occur.
- the chroma correction unit 2970 may set a maximum k value S_max such that all of R_scsm ', G_scsm', and B_scsm 'in Table 7 have a value between 0 and 1.
- the saturation correction unit 2970 performs the YUV component [Y_scsm; Y_scsm on the saturation-corrected image using the transform matrix M_YUV2RGB].
- U_scsm; Linearized RGB component [R_scsm 'of the saturation corrected image from V_scsm]; G_scsm '; B_scsm '] can be obtained.
- the conversion matrix M_YUV2RGB for converting the YUV component to the RGB component may be an inverse matrix of the conversion matrix M_RGB2YUV for converting the RGB component to the YUV component.
- the saturation correction unit 2970 may perform linearization RGB component [R_scsm; G_scsm; B_scsm] is performed by performing EOTF Rec.1886 gamma correction on the RGB component [R_scsm; G_scsm; B_scsm] can be obtained.
- the inverse converter 2945 may convert the color space of the corrected image 2980 into the original color space of the original image 2910.
- the corrected image 2980 output from the chroma compensator 2970 may have a working color space in which tone mapping is performed.
- the inverse converter 2945 may convert the color space of the corrected image 2980 from the working color space to the original color space of the original image 2910.
- the inverse converter 2945 may use the x, y color coordinates of the primary color corresponding to the working color space and the x, y color coordinates of the white point to x, y of the primary color corresponding to the original color space. It can be converted to 'Primaires' in color coordinates and 'White Point' in x, y color coordinates of white points.
- the inverse shaper 2935 may perform non-linearization on the corrected image 2980 when necessary.
- the inverse shaper 2935 may perform non-linearization according to the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) ST2084 on the corrected image 2980.
- SMPTE ST2084 is a mastering display derived from EOTF.
- a high dynamic range of inverse may be a standard for an electro-optical transfer function (EOTF)
- the inverse shaper 2935 may perform non-linearization by performing gamma encoding on the corrected image 2980 linearized by gamma decoding.
- the corrected image 2980 may be obtained.
- the encoder 2925 may encode the corrected image 2980 to input the corrected image 2980 to the target system 2900.
- the encoded corrected image 2980 obtained by the encoder 2925 may be input to the target system 2990.
- the target system 2990 may display the corrected image 2980. Even though the dynamic range of the corrected image 2980 is different from the dynamic range of the original image 2910, the corrected image 2980 obtained by the image processing apparatus 2900 may reflect the intention of the image maker reflected in the original image 2910. Can be effectively maintained.
- 34 is a block diagram of a metadata generating device.
- the metadata generating device 3400 may generate dynamic metadata indicating an actual maximum display luminance value of the display 3410 according to the luminance characteristic of the image.
- the luminance characteristic of the image may include the average luminance value of the image and the area of the white patch in the image.
- the metadata generating device 3400 may include a display 3410, a sensor 3420, and a controller 3430.
- the display 3410 displays an image including an area having a maximum grayscale value.
- the area corresponds to the white patch described above and may be at least one pixel having a maximum luminance value or a maximum grayscale value.
- the region in the image of 8 bit depth may correspond to M ⁇ N pixels having a 255 grayscale value.
- the sensor 3420 measures a luminance value of the area displayed on the display unit 3410.
- the luminance value of the display unit 3410 measured by the sensor 3420 may correspond to an actual maximum display luminance value of the display unit 3410 that can be measured on the area when the display unit 3410 displays the image.
- the actual maximum display luminance value of the display unit 3410 may be lower than the ideal maximum display luminance value of the display unit 3410.
- the controller 3430 generates metadata indicating the measured luminance value according to the pixel area of the area and the average luminance value of the image.
- the pixel area of the area corresponds to the area of the white patch described above, and may be the number of pixels included in the area.
- the average luminance value of the image may mean an average of luminance values of all pixels included in the image.
- the controller 3430 may generate metadata by changing a luminance characteristic of the image. For example, as shown in the 310, 320, 330, and 340 images described above with reference to FIG. 3, the controller 3430 may change an average luminance value of the image, or as shown in the 410, 420, 430, and 440 images described above with reference to FIG. 4. You can change the area of the white patch. Alternatively, the controller 3430 may change the average luminance value of the image and the area of the white patch together. In addition, the controller 3430 may add the actual maximum display luminance value of the display unit 3410 measured by the sensor 3420 according to the changed luminance characteristic of the image to the metadata.
- Metadata may be used as first metadata of the image processing device 2900.
- metadata may be used as second metadata of the image processing apparatus 2900.
- 35 is a flowchart of a metadata generating method.
- the display unit 3410 of the metadata generating device 3400 may display an image including an area having a maximum grayscale value.
- the sensor 3420 of the metadata generating device 3400 may measure a luminance value of an area having the maximum grayscale value in the image displayed by the display 3410.
- the metadata generating apparatus 3400 may display metadata indicating the luminance value measured in operation 3520 according to the pixel area of the region having the maximum grayscale value and the average luminance value of the image displayed on the display 3410. Can be generated. Operation 3530 may be performed by the controller 3430.
- the tone mapped image can more effectively maintain the intention of the original image than when the tone mapping is performed without considering the luminance characteristics of the image.
- the above-described embodiments can be written as a program that can be executed in a computer, and can be implemented in a general-purpose digital computer which operates the program using a computer-readable medium.
- the structure of the data used in the above-described embodiment can be recorded on the computer-readable medium through various means.
- the above-described embodiments may be implemented in the form of a recording medium including instructions executable by a computer, such as a program module executed by the computer.
- methods implemented with a software module or algorithm may be stored on a computer readable recording medium as code or program instructions that the computer can read and execute.
- Computer readable media can be any recording media that can be accessed by a computer, and can include volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media.
- Computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage media such as ROM, floppy disks, hard disks, and the like, and optical storage media such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, etc. Do not.
- the computer readable medium may include computer storage media and communication media.
- a plurality of computer-readable recording media may be distributed in networked computer systems, and data stored in the distributed recording media, for example, program instructions and code, may be executed by at least one computer. have.
- ... unit refers to a unit for processing at least one function or operation, which may be implemented in hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.
- the "unit” and “module” may be implemented by a program stored in a storage medium that can be addressed and executed by a processor.
- module means components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, and processes, functions, properties, and pro- grams. It can be implemented by procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays and variables.
- A may include one of a1, a2 and a3” has a broad meaning that an exemplary element that may be included in an element A is a1, a2 or a3.
- A may include a1, include a2, or include a3.
- the above does not mean that elements constituting A are necessarily determined within a predetermined set. It should be noted, for example, that the above description is not necessarily to be construed as limiting that a1, a2, or a3 selected from the set comprising a1, a2 and a3 constitute component A.
- the description "at least one of a1, a2 and a3" includes “a1”, “a2”, “a3”, “a1 and a2”, “a1 and a3", “a2 and a3”, and One of "a1, a2 and a3" is represented.
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Abstract
Description
Metadata | Specification |
The metadata from the source/target system | Dynamic peak luminance characteristics- SOURCE_PEAK_BEHAVIOR (of the source mastering monitor)- TARGET_PEAK_BEHAVIOR (of the target system) |
The metadata from contents | -Scene-wise maximum of the color components {R,G,B} (SCENE_MAX)- Scene-wise average of maximum of color component values {R, G, B} (SCENE_AVG)- Scene-wise area of the brightest pixels (SCENE_PEAK_AREA) |
User controls | SCENE_DYNAMIC_FLAGTONE_PRESERVING_LUMCOLOR_SATURATION_WEIGT |
Claims (15)
- 영상의 휘도 특성에 따른 마스터링 디스플레이의 최대 디스플레이 휘도값을 지시하는 제1 메타데이터 및 영상의 휘도 특성에 따른 타겟 디스플레이의 최대 디스플레이 휘도값을 지시하는 제2 메타데이터 중 적어도 하나를 수신하는 수신부; 및부호화된 영상을 적어도 하나의 신(scene)으로 분할하고, 현재 신(current scene)의 평균 휘도값을 포함하는 상기 현재 신의 휘도 특성을 획득하고,상기 제1 메타데이터가 획득된 경우, 상기 제1 메타데이터에 기초하여 상기 현재 신의 상기 휘도 특성에 따른 상기 마스터링 디스플레이의 최대 디스플레이 휘도값을 획득하고,상기 제2 메타데이터가 획득된 경우, 상기 제2 메타데이터에 기초하여 상기 현재 신의 상기 휘도 특성에 따른 상기 타겟 디스플레이의 최대 디스플레이 휘도값을 획득하는 제어부;를 포함하는 영상 처리 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 현재 신의 상기 평균 휘도값은 상기 현재 신에 포함된 픽셀의 RGB 성분값들 중 최대값을 이용하여 획득되는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 처리 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 현재 신의 상기 휘도 특성에 따른 마스터링 디스플레이의 최대 디스플레이 휘도값과 상기 현재 신의 상기 휘도 특성에 따른 상기 타겟 디스플레이의 최대 디스플레이 휘도값은 서로 상이한 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 처리 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 제어부는 기설정된 크기의 영역에 포함되는 픽셀들의 휘도값들의 합을 최대로 만드는 상기 영역의 중심 픽셀을 상기 현재 신의 픽셀들 중에서 결정하고, 상기 중심 픽셀이 포함된 프레임의 픽셀들 중에서 상기 중심 픽셀로부터 임계 거리 내에 위치하고, 상기 중심 픽셀의 휘도값으로부터 임계 범위 내의 휘도값을 갖는 제1 픽셀들의 개수를 획득하고,상기 현재 신의 휘도 특성은 상기 획득된 제1 픽셀들의 개수를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 처리 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 수신부는 상기 현재 신의 상기 휘도 특성을 획득할지 여부를 지시하는 플래그를 수신하고,상기 제어부는 상기 획득된 플래그가 상기 현재 신의 상기 휘도 특성을 획득할 것을 지시하는 경우, 상기 현재 신의 상기 휘도 특성을 획득하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 처리 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서,디스플레이부를 더 포함하고,상기 제어부는 상기 획득된 상기 현재 신의 상기 휘도 특성에 따른 상기 마스터링 디스플레이의 상기 최대 디스플레이 휘도값 및 상기 획득된 상기 현재 신의 상기 휘도 특성에 따른 상기 타겟 디스플레이의 상기 최대 디스플레이 휘도값 중 적어도 하나에 기초하여, 상기 현재 신의 프레임에 포함된 픽셀의 원본 휘도값에 대해 톤맵핑(tone mapping)을 수행하여 상기 픽셀의 톤맵핑된 휘도값을 획득하고,상기 디스플레이부는 상기 톤맵핑된 휘도값을 이용하여 상기 현재 신을 디스플레이 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 처리 장치.
- 제6 항에 있어서,상기 원본 휘도값이 임계값 보다 작을 때, 상기 톤맵핑된 휘도 값은 상기 원본 휘도값에 대한 제1 방식에 따른 톤맵핑에 의해 획득되고,상기 원본 휘도값이 상기 임계값 보다 클 때, 상기 톤맵핑된 휘도 값은 상기 원본 휘도값에 대한 제2 방식에 따른 톤맵핑에 의해 획득되는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 처리 장치.
- 제7 항에 있어서,상기 제1 방식에 따른 톤맵핑은 상기 원본 휘도값과 상기 톤맵핑된 휘도값 사이의 선형 함수에 해당하고, 상기 제2 방식에 따른 톤맵핑은 상기 원본 휘도값과 상기 톤맵핑된 휘도값 사이의 비선형 함수에 해당하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 처리 장치.
- 제8 항에 있어서,상기 임계값이 휘도 보존값 보다 작을 때, 상기 제1 방식에 따른 톤맵핑은 상기 원본 휘도값을 바이패스하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 처리 장치.
- 제6 항에 있어서,상기 제어부는 상기 픽셀의 상기 원본 휘도값과 상기 픽셀의 상기 톤맵핑된 휘도값에 기초하여, 상기 픽셀의 채도값을 보정하고,상기 디스플레이부는 상기 톤맵핑된 휘도값 및 상기 보정된 채도값을 이용하여 상기 현재 신을 디스플레이 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 처리 장치.
- 제10 항에 있어서,상기 보정된 채도값은 상기 원본 휘도값의 로그 스케일 및 상기 톤맵핑된 휘도값의 로그 스케일의 비율에 기초하여 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 처리 장치.
- 제9 항에 있어서,상기 픽셀의 상기 원본 휘도값이 바이패스된 경우, 상기 제어부는 상기 픽셀의 채도값을 바이패스 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 처리 장치.
- 영상의 휘도 특성에 따른 마스터링 디스플레이의 최대 디스플레이 휘도값을 지시하는 제1 메타데이터 및 영상의 휘도 특성에 따른 타겟 디스플레이의 최대 디스플레이 휘도값을 지시하는 제2 메타데이터 중 적어도 하나를 수신하는 단계;부호화된 영상을 적어도 하나의 신(scene)으로 분할하는 단계;현재 신(current scene)의 평균 휘도값을 포함하는 상기 현재 신의 휘도 특성을 획득하는 단계;상기 제1 메타데이터가 획득된 경우, 상기 제1 메타데이터에 기초하여 상기 현재 신의 상기 휘도 특성에 따른 상기 마스터링 디스플레이의 최대 디스플레이 휘도값을 획득하는 단계; 및상기 제2 메타데이터가 획득된 경우, 상기 제2 메타데이터에 기초하여 상기 현재 신의 상기 휘도 특성에 따른 상기 타겟 디스플레이의 최대 디스플레이 휘도값을 획득하는 단계;를 포함하는 영상 처리 방법.
- 최대 그레이스케일(grayscale) 값을 갖는 영역을 포함하는 영상을 디스플레이하는 디스플레이부;상기 디스플레이부가 상기 영상을 디스플레이 할 때, 상기 디스플레이부에서 디스플레이되는 상기 영역의 휘도값을 측정하는 센서; 및상기 영역의 픽셀 면적 및 상기 영상의 평균 휘도값에 따른 상기 측정된 휘도값을 지시하는 메타데이터를 생성하는 제어부를 포함하는 메타데이터 생성 장치.
- 최대 그레이스케일(grayscale) 값을 갖는 영역을 포함하는 영상을 디스플레이하는 단계;디스플레이부가 상기 영상을 디스플레이 할 때, 상기 디스플레이부에서 디스플레이되는 상기 영역의 휘도값을 측정하는 단계; 및상기 영역의 픽셀 면적 및 상기 영상의 평균 휘도값에 따른 상기 측정된 휘도값을 지시하는 메타데이터를 생성하는 단계를 포함하는 메타데이터 생성 방법.
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KR101974137B1 (ko) | 2019-08-23 |
US20180139429A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
US10708564B2 (en) | 2020-07-07 |
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