WO2016180922A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour produire une préforme lors de la production de pièces moulées renforcées par des fibres - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour produire une préforme lors de la production de pièces moulées renforcées par des fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016180922A1
WO2016180922A1 PCT/EP2016/060681 EP2016060681W WO2016180922A1 WO 2016180922 A1 WO2016180922 A1 WO 2016180922A1 EP 2016060681 W EP2016060681 W EP 2016060681W WO 2016180922 A1 WO2016180922 A1 WO 2016180922A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
draping
excitation
fiber layer
layers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/060681
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Graf
Original Assignee
Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau filed Critical Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau
Publication of WO2016180922A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016180922A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a preform from a fiber fabric in the course of the production of fiber-reinforced moldings according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for producing a preform from a fiber fabric in the course of the production of fiber-reinforced moldings according to the preamble of claim 19.
  • fiber-reinforced plastic components also called fiber composite components
  • the RTM process resin transfer molding process
  • the entire manufacturing process up to a usable plastic component consists of several subsequent individual processes.
  • fiber preforms are produced.
  • multilayer fiber webs or fiber layers are usually combined in 2D, ie substantially in one plane, to form a semifinished fiber product, so that the semifinished fiber product essentially already has the necessary outer contours and in some cases even special layers or layer thicknesses.
  • a binder is introduced into the parting planes of the individual fiber webs or fiber layers, which leads after its activation and curing to a fixation of the layers to each other and the draped 3D contour.
  • these fiber semi-finished products are then converted into a forming tool for forming a fiber preform and usually approximated under pressure by closing the forming tool to the contour of the later molded part and hardened by activation of the binder (heating and cooling), so that the fiber preform near net shape in a tool of a press for performing the RTM method itself can be inserted.
  • the fiber preform is still cut or punched at predetermined locations and obtain an even more precise contour.
  • the tool halves are closed and the necessary resin injected into the cavity of the tool, the resin impregnating the fiber structure of the fiber preform, enclosing the fibers and firmly bonding them into the matrix.
  • the fiber-reinforced plastic component can be removed from the mold.
  • this method has been proven in practice. However, due to the different draping behavior of adjacent or stacked fiber layers with different fiber orientation or different type of semi-finished fiber product, relative movements between the individual fiber layers may occur. Due to the contact friction, which can occur both as stiction and sliding friction between two fiber layers or between the mold and / or stamping and a fiber layer, it can during compression to compressions, strains or a change in the fiber orientation in one or more fiber layers which in turn have a negative effect on the properties of the fiber-reinforced plastic component. It can also lead to the formation of wrinkles and local Faserondulationen.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device with which the formation of errors during draping can be reduced or avoided as compared with the prior art.
  • the fiber fabric is first deposited in a draping mold and one or more fixing punches can be extended to clamp the fiber fabric. Subsequently, the fiber fabric is nested by Drapierstkovn to the contour of the draping. If necessary, a binder material may have been sprinkled, applied or sprayed between the individual fiber layers.
  • the solution of the problem for the method is that at least one fiber layer is vibrated during draping.
  • the frequency of the oscillation is advantageously selected from a range of 2 to 5000 Hz, preferably 10 to 1000 Hz, most preferably 50 to 500 Hz.
  • the fiber fabric may alternatively or in combination be formed so that in the fiber fabric adjacent fiber layers are arranged with the same or different orientation of the fibers or different properties.
  • fiber web from which a fiber preform is formed after draping, is understood below to mean a stack of several fiber layers. Not only individual layers of unidirectional fibers are included as fiber layers, it can also be understood as fiber webs.
  • the properties of the fiber layers include the type, thickness and structure of the individual fiber layer.
  • the fiber layers may have a contour which substantially coincides with the contour of the preform or of the fiber-reinforced molded part to be produced. However, individual fiber layers can also be designed as partial geometries of a preform.
  • the fiber layer may also consist of further, a small proportion of or no fibers containing reinforcing layers.
  • the oscillation includes a frequency, but also an amplitude and a vibration mode.
  • the contact friction between the fiber layers and the draping form and / or the punches is also advantageously reduced.
  • the deformation can be carried out gently and kinks, wrinkles and compressions or distortions in the fiber layer during the forming can be avoided.
  • the force required for the forming or draping of the fiber fabric decreases significantly, which can reduce the forces or stresses in the individual fiber layers during draping and even highly complex fiber preforms can be produced without fiber damage.
  • the invention serves to produce high-quality preforms from a fiber fabric, which comprises at least two fiber layers.
  • the invention relates to the excitation of vibrations in at least one fiber layer of a fiber fabric, wherein the excitation of vibrations by ultrasound in the context of this invention is not considered useful, since it can lead to the connection of the individual fiber layers of the fiber fabric in the excitation. A slipping of the individual fiber layers by the excitation would then no longer be given.
  • the vibration is excited via a fixing punch and / or Drapierstempel. It may be sufficient that the vibration excitation takes place only via a fixing punch and / or Drapierstkov. It is also possible to excite vibrations in the at least one fiber layer only via selected or all fixing and / or draping punches.
  • the excitation for oscillation is started only immediately before the contact of the fixing punch and / or Drapierstkovs with the at least one fiber layer.
  • This offers the advantage that unintentional shifting of the fiber layers can be prevented by permanent vibration excitation.
  • the excitation for the vibration of the one Fixierstempels and / or Drapierstkovs can be terminated when the fiber fabric is draped as desired by means of Fixierstempels and / or Drapierstkovs.
  • the oscillation of the fiber layer can also be excited via the drape form itself.
  • one or more fiber layers are arranged in a holder and / or holding frame and the vibrations are excited via the holder or holding frame. This results in the possibility to specifically set individual fiber layers in the fiber fabric in vibration. This can be advantageous in particular in fiber layers, which are formed only as part of the later contour.
  • a further preferred embodiment provides that at least one fiber layer is held under tension.
  • those fiber layers can be held under tension, which are not excited directly to vibrations.
  • held under tension fiber layers can be occupied with an amplitude, thereby producing vibrations in the held fiber layer.
  • the oscillation of the fiber layer can be excited by an excitation unit in an excitation device.
  • the excitation device is arranged outside the actual draping device.
  • the waves of the oscillation are coupled into the fiber layer via a medium, for example air. This has the advantage that even an existing draping device can be retrofitted with such an external excitation device.
  • the vibration excitation can be done locally limited advantageously. Thus, it may be sufficient that only selected fixing punches and / or Drapierstempel are equipped with an excitation unit and are thus selectively stimulated vibrations in some places in Fasergelege.
  • the limitation may be due to already closed Fixierstempel and / or Drapierstempel or by targeted and directed excitation of individual area of a fiber layer.
  • a further embodiment provides that the fiber layer is at least partially fixed before the vibration excitation. An unintentional shifting or even a wandering of the fiber fabric in the draping form or a shifting of individual fiber layers relative to one another can thus be prevented.
  • a vibration is excited by means of a fixing punch and / or draping punch, which has already draped the fiber layer, while an adjoining fixing punch and / or draping punch drapes the fiber layer.
  • the holder and / or holding frame may also be advantageous for the holder and / or holding frame to grip only fiber layers of a fiber orientation. This offers the advantage that in fiber layers of the same fiber orientation also equal vibrations can be excited.
  • the oscillation can be excited parallel to the fiber orientation of a fiber layer. But there is also the advantageous possibility that the oscillation is excited perpendicular to the fiber orientation of a fiber layer.
  • the oscillation can be chosen so that a slipping of the fiber layers is influenced in an advantageous manner.
  • a further preferred embodiment provides to introduce or excite different vibrations in individual fiber layers of the fiber fabric.
  • reinforcing layers are arranged in the fiber layer. These reinforcing layers can be arranged on the top and / or bottom of the fiber fabric or between individual fiber layers. Preferably, the reinforcing layers can also be excited to vibrate.
  • the solution to the problem for the device is that at least one excitation unit for generating vibrations in at least one fiber layer is arranged in or around the draping device.
  • the excitation unit generates vibrations in the range of 2 to 5000 Hz, preferably 10 to 1000 Hz, most preferably 50 to 500 Hz.
  • the fiber fabric may alternatively or in combination be formed so that in the fiber fabric adjacent fiber layers are arranged with the same or different orientation of the fibers or different properties.
  • the excitation unit is arranged in at least one fixing punch and / or draping punch and / or the draping form.
  • the arrangement can be chosen so that the fiber layer can be draped optimally without fiber distortion and wrinkles in the drape form.
  • the excitation unit can be arranged in a holder and / or holding frame, which grips at least one fiber layer.
  • Several holders can be arranged with excitation units to stimulate different fiber layers with different vibrations.
  • the holder and / or the holding frame can be arranged for introducing tensile stress into at least one fiber layer.
  • Under tension held fiber layers allow a simplified sliding of other, on the held under tension fiber layer, arranged fiber layers.
  • the excitation unit can be arranged in an excitation device outside the draping device. This is particularly advantageous if an existing device is to be retrofitted, since then no major structural changes must be performed on the draping device.
  • the excitation device can be variably arranged around the draping device depending on the progress of the draping process.
  • An advantageous embodiment may provide that at least one holder and / or holding frame is arranged without excitation unit. This allows the holding of individual fiber layers at a certain position and prevents unwanted slippage or entrainment of the fiber layer during draping.
  • the holder and / or holding frame can also serve as a fixed point for draping.
  • the draping of the fiber fabric can thereby be further positively influenced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plant for the production of fiber-reinforced molded parts in a press using preformed preforms as a large industrial application in a schematic side view 2 shows a draping device for draping a fiber fabric
  • Figure 3 shows the vibration excitation by means of a Fixierstempels
  • Figure 4 shows the vibration excitation in the fiber fabric by Drapierstkovn
  • FIG. 5 shows a draping device, wherein the vibration excitation of a fiber layer takes place via a holder
  • FIG. 6 shows the vibration excitation of the fiber fabric via an excitation device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plant for the production of fiber-reinforced molded parts 17 in a press, preferably an RTM press 15, using preformed preforms 14 in a schematic side view.
  • a press preferably an RTM press 15
  • preformed preforms 14 in a schematic side view.
  • one or more different fiber mats 10 preferably as roll goods, are initially provided and cut on a cutting table 12 with a cutting device 11 to form individual fiber layers 1.
  • the contour of the fiber layers 1 may substantially coincide with the contour of the preform 14 or of the molded part 17, but it is also possible to produce predetermined part geometries thereof.
  • the individual fiber layers 1 can also be made up in such a way that after draping, the fiber layers 1 form a common outer edge.
  • the fiber layers 1 are then moved by means of a suitable transport device (which is shown in Figure 1 by curved direction arrows) through a binder application device 13 and provided there with binder before they are assembled into a fiber fabric 8.
  • a suitable transport device which is shown in Figure 1 by curved direction arrows
  • the finished fiber layer 8 is subsequently tempered by a heating device 9 and preferably raised to a temperature which corresponds at least to the melting temperature of the binder.
  • the fiber layer 8 is brought into a draping device 2 and formed there by suitable means along the contour of the draping form 3.
  • the fiber web 8 undergoes cooling and solidifies to a preform 14 which can be stacked on a stack 16 before it is pressed in a RTM press 15 to a reinforced molding 17.
  • the RTM press 15 can be cooled or heated, especially when using reactive binders.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a draping device 2.
  • the draping device 2 comprises a draping form 3 which has a contour which substantially corresponds to the contour of a fiber-reinforced molding 17.
  • the fiber fabric 8 is first deposited, wherein the fiber fabric 8 can be stored by means of a gripper, tape tray or other suitable device in the Drapierform 3.
  • the fiber fabric 8 comprises a plurality of fiber layers 1, which have already been cut out in a previous step from fiber mats 10 with a corresponding contour.
  • the individual fiber layers 1 do not have to span the entire contour, but can also only represent individual partial geometries.
  • the draping device 2 further comprises movable to Drapierform means which may be formed as Fixierstempel 4 or Drapierstempel 5.
  • the Fixierstempel 4 and Drapierstempel 5 preferably have a corresponding Drapierform contour.
  • the fixing punch 4 can fix the fiber layer 8 or individual fiber layers 1 on the draping form 3 in order to prevent unintentional displacement of the fiber fabric 8 or individual fiber layer 1 in the draping form 3.
  • the draping punches 5 are moved in the direction of the draping form 3, so that the fiber layer 8 is nestled against the contour of the draping form 3.
  • the draping form 3 as well as the fixing punches 4 and the draping punches 5 can additionally be heated or cooled during draping.
  • the method of Fixierstempel 4 or Drapierstkov 5 can not only be perpendicular to the Drapierform 3, but also obliquely at an angle.
  • FIG. 3 shows a first exemplary embodiment.
  • the fiber layer 8 of two fiber layers 1 is fixed to the draping form 3 by a first fixing punch 4.
  • the Fixierstempel 4 is equipped with an excitation unit 6, by means of which the consisting of several fiber layers 1 fiber fabric 8 is set in vibration.
  • the Drapierstkovn 5 can now be moved individually or in groups in the direction of Drapierform 3 and drape the fiber layers 1 accordingly.
  • the vibration of the fiber layers 1 allow a sliding of the individual fiber layers 1 without large contact friction.
  • the order in which the draping stamps are moved in the direction of the draping form 3 depends on the contour of the preform or of the molded part 17. Wrinkling, compressions, strains or distortions of the individual fiber layers 1 in the fiber layer 8 are avoided.
  • the fiber fabric 8 is fixed on the Drapierform 3, the excitation to the vibration of the fiber layers via excitation units 6, which are arranged within the Drapierstempel 5.
  • the excitation units 6 may be individually controllable, so that a targeted local excitation of the fiber layer 1 in the drape form 3 can take place. It is also possible for only individual draping punches 5 to be equipped with an excitation unit 6.
  • An excitation on the Drapierstkovn 5 may be useful, in particular, if the Drapierstkov 5 are not directly vertically, but obliquely on the fiber layer 1 and the Fasergelege 8 out.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment.
  • the vibration excitation is not arranged in the draping device 2 in this embodiment, but takes place directly in the fiber layer 1 via a corresponding holder 7, which is equipped with an excitation unit 6.
  • the holder 7 can only grip one or more fiber layers 1 or the entire fiber layer 8.
  • a plurality of holders 7 are arranged with excitation units 6 which grip different fiber layers 1.
  • the holder 7 may also be formed as a holding frame, which encloses the fiber layers 1 completely or only partially on the circumference thereof. By means of the holder 7 there is also the possibility that single or multiple fiber layers 1 are held under tension.
  • the excitation of the at least one fiber layer 1 for oscillation can furthermore take place via an excitation unit 6, which is arranged without contact to the draping device 2 or the fiber layers 1 in an excitation device 18.
  • the oscillations generated by the excitation unit 6 arranged in the excitation device 18 are coupled into the fiber layer 1 or the entire fiber layer 8 via a medium, preferably air or gas, and rain the fiber layers 1 of the fiber laminate 8 and / or the fixing punches 4 and / or Drapierstempel 5 to vibrations.
  • the excitation device 18 is intentionally arranged such that the waves generated by the excitation unit 6 are directed directly into the drape form 3 on the fiber layers 1 and / or the fixing punches 4 and / or draping punches 5.
  • the excitation device 18 is movably arranged so that it can be positioned variably around or in the draping device 2, depending on the method of the fixing punches 4 or draping punches 5.
  • This excitation device 18 can also be combined with the aforementioned embodiments of the vibration excitation of the fiber layers 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'une préforme à partir d'une nappe de fibres (8), laquelle comprend au moins deux couches de fibres (1), dans un dispositif de drapage (2) comportant un moule de drapage (3) et des moyens mobiles par rapport au moule de drapage (3) et destinés à draper ou à fixer la nappe de fibres (8) sur le contour du moule de drapage (3). L'invention se caractérise par le fait qu'au moins une couche de fibres (1) est amenée à vibrer pendant le drapage. L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif de production d'une ébauche à partir d'une nappe de fibres (8), laquelle comprend au moins deux couches de fibres (1), dans un dispositif de drapage (2) comportant un moule de drapage (3) et des moyens mobiles par rapport au moule de drapage (3) destinés à draper ou à fixer la nappe de fibres (8) sur le contour du moule de drapage (3). Le dispositif selon l'invention se caractérise par le fait qu'au moins une unité d'excitation (6) destinée à produire des vibrations dans au moins une couche de fibres (1) est agencée dans le dispositif de drapage (2) ou autour de celui-ci.
PCT/EP2016/060681 2015-05-12 2016-05-12 Procédé et dispositif pour produire une préforme lors de la production de pièces moulées renforcées par des fibres WO2016180922A1 (fr)

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DE102015107461.3 2015-05-12
DE102015107461.3A DE102015107461A1 (de) 2015-05-12 2015-05-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Vorformlings im Zuge der Herstellung von faserverstärkten Formteilen

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017140752A1 (fr) * 2016-02-16 2017-08-24 Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Procédé et dispositif pour produire des préformes tridimensionnelle lors de la production de pièces moulées renforcées par des fibres et préforme

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2701480A1 (de) 1977-01-12 1978-07-13 Kiss Consulting Eng Verfahren zum herstellen von vorformkoerpern aus lignozellulose-wirrfaservliesen und vorrichtungen zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3319391A1 (de) 1983-05-26 1984-11-29 Günter Hans 1000 Berlin Kiss Verfahren zum ausformen von raeumlichen formteilen und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
EP0620091B1 (fr) 1990-07-12 1996-08-14 The C.A. Lawton Company Procédé et dispositif pour la manufacture des demi-produits pour renforcement structural, avec collage-temporaire ou fixation énergétique
JP2003211447A (ja) * 2002-01-29 2003-07-29 Toray Ind Inc プリフォームの製造方法
DE102010043666A1 (de) 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Vorformlings im Zuge der Herstellung von faserverstärkten Formteilen
DE102014014787A1 (de) * 2014-04-26 2015-10-29 Daimler Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vorformlings aus mindestens zwei Faserlagen, und Vorrichtung zum Umformen von mindestens zwei Faserlagen zu einem Vorformling

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2701480A1 (de) 1977-01-12 1978-07-13 Kiss Consulting Eng Verfahren zum herstellen von vorformkoerpern aus lignozellulose-wirrfaservliesen und vorrichtungen zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3319391A1 (de) 1983-05-26 1984-11-29 Günter Hans 1000 Berlin Kiss Verfahren zum ausformen von raeumlichen formteilen und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
EP0620091B1 (fr) 1990-07-12 1996-08-14 The C.A. Lawton Company Procédé et dispositif pour la manufacture des demi-produits pour renforcement structural, avec collage-temporaire ou fixation énergétique
JP2003211447A (ja) * 2002-01-29 2003-07-29 Toray Ind Inc プリフォームの製造方法
DE102010043666A1 (de) 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Vorformlings im Zuge der Herstellung von faserverstärkten Formteilen
DE102014014787A1 (de) * 2014-04-26 2015-10-29 Daimler Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vorformlings aus mindestens zwei Faserlagen, und Vorrichtung zum Umformen von mindestens zwei Faserlagen zu einem Vorformling

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017140752A1 (fr) * 2016-02-16 2017-08-24 Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Procédé et dispositif pour produire des préformes tridimensionnelle lors de la production de pièces moulées renforcées par des fibres et préforme

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