WO2016177348A1 - 一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置 - Google Patents

一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016177348A1
WO2016177348A1 PCT/CN2016/081354 CN2016081354W WO2016177348A1 WO 2016177348 A1 WO2016177348 A1 WO 2016177348A1 CN 2016081354 W CN2016081354 W CN 2016081354W WO 2016177348 A1 WO2016177348 A1 WO 2016177348A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ring
oil
gas
casing
stuffing box
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/081354
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建
姚凯
宋雅丽
张志勇
刘博�
唐文献
刘焱
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Application filed by Jiangsu University of Science and Technology filed Critical Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
Publication of WO2016177348A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016177348A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F11/00—Arrangements of sealings in combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/08—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/26—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with stuffing-boxes for rigid sealing rings
    • F16J15/28—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with stuffing-boxes for rigid sealing rings with sealing rings made of metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cross-head two-stroke diesel engine piston rod stuffing box, in particular to a piston rod stuffing box on a marine diesel engine, belonging to the technical field of diesel engines.
  • Low-speed diesel engines are widely used in large ship mainframes due to their low speed, good economy, low fuel consumption, high power, simple and reliable structure, long service life and inferior fuel consumption.
  • the piston rod of the diesel engine is connected with the connecting rod through the crosshead device to transmit the force.
  • the cylinder block scavenging box is arranged at the upper part of the frame to isolate the crankcase from the upper cylinder block, but to ensure that the piston rod can pass,
  • a through hole is arranged at the bottom of the scavenging box, and a stuffing box is installed in the hole.
  • the main functions of the stuffing box include the following aspects: (1) Preventing the piston rod from leaking dirt into the crankcase through the hole during the downward process, thereby contaminating the crankcase oil, corroding the crankshaft and connecting Rods and other components; (2) prevent the charge air in the scavenging chamber from entering the crankcase, causing leakage of pressurized gas and excessive air pressure in the crankcase; (3) preventing the piston rod from going up in the crankcase The oil is carried into the scavenging chamber.
  • the sealing performance of the sealing ring is judged by observing whether there is air bubble in the inspection funnel connected with the stuffing box drain pipe, and when the amount of oil discharged into the inspection funnel exceeds the standard of 5-10L*24h, It can be considered that the scraper ring inside the stuffing box also has wear problems, but the detection method is time-consuming and laborious, and the problems of the seal ring and the scraper ring cannot be reported in time and effectively.
  • the wear inspection of the stuffing box scraping ring is often judged according to the amount of scraping oil of a special detecting ring in the stuffing box.
  • the well-known stuffing box is basically a one-piece structure. When the stuffing box is replaced, the disassembly and assembly process is complicated. The maintenance and disassembly needs to be completed on a separate platform. The maintenance is not convenient, and the oil ring or gas ring is invalid.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a stuffing box device suitable for a crosshead two-stroke marine diesel engine with good sealing performance, convenient detection of working performance of each ring, simple disassembly and assembly, and low maintenance cost.
  • a crosshead two-stroke diesel engine stuffing device comprising a piston rod and a stuffing box, the stuffing box comprising a casing, the casing being composed of connected upper half, lower half and flange; the upper half A part of the inner surface is opened from the top to the bottom, and two layers of annular cavities are sequentially opened in the axial direction, wherein the first layer of the annular cavity is sequentially placed with the scraper ring and the first gas ring seal combination, and the cavity wall is fixed.
  • An oil drain hole I is opened; a second gas ring seal combination is placed in the second layer annular cavity; each of the gas ring seal combinations is sealed by a sealed inner ring divided into a plurality of ring arcs and sealed by a plurality of ring arcs.
  • the bottom half is internally arranged with four layers of scraper rings, and at least one annular spring arc groove is disposed on the circumferential surface of the seal outer ring and the oil ring, and the oil ring is mounted on the spring
  • a spring in the arc groove binds it to the outer circumference of the piston rod, and the sealing outer ring is tightly connected to the inner ring by the spring preload force installed in the spring arc groove, and the sealing inner ring is bound
  • the piston rod is on the outer circumference.
  • the sealed outer ring is a gas ring I, and the gas ring I is divided into a four-stage ring arc I and a four-stage ring arc II, a total of eight segments; the sealed inner ring is a gas ring II, and the gas ring II is divided into four ring rings.
  • the outer ring end of the ring arc I and the ring arc II is provided with a spring arc groove, and the inner wall end is provided with a ring-shaped groove; the gas ring II is placed in the ring groove of the gas ring I, and the ring arc of the gas ring II is The gap between the gaps corresponds to the groove wall of the ring of the gas ring I.
  • the upper half is composed of an upper casing 1 and an upper casing II; the lower half of the lower casing 1 and the lower casing II are placed under the upper casing 1 and the upper casing II, respectively, in contact with each other
  • a backing ring is placed between the faces;
  • the lower casing I and the lower casing II are connected together by bolts through the bolt holes, and the upper casing I and the upper casing II and the corresponding lower casing I and upper casing II They are connected by a positioning pin while the upper casing I and the upper casing II are fixed to the cylinder block by screws, and a backing ring is placed between their contact faces.
  • Both the backing ring II and the backing ring are made of a soft material.
  • the inner space of the lower casing I and the lower casing II is arranged with four cavities, one scraper ring is placed in each cavity; a plurality of oil discharge holes II are opened at the bottom of the first cavity side wall; in the second space A vertical oil discharge hole III is formed on the support surface of the cavity to the fourth cavity, and the loop lines are equally spaced, and three convex deafs are cast in the outer middle positions of the lower case I and the lower case II, and the deafness is
  • the two lower casings are symmetrically arranged at equal intervals; and each of the deafs is also provided with a screw hole II perpendicular to the central axis.
  • the flange is annular, and is adjacent to the outer wall of the flange on the end surface, and has six screw holes III for connecting the flange and the cylinder block; and six screw holes IV are opened on the end surface near the inner wall, and The screw holes II on the deafness correspond to each other; and an oil passage hole is also opened in the end surface.
  • the oil passage hole provided in the flange is connected to the pipeline, the other end of the pipeline is connected to the transfer box, the oil pipe is opened at the top of the transfer box, and the gas flow meter is arranged at the end of the oil pipe; the other end of the gas flow meter is connected with an electromagnetic signal switch and a horn
  • the warning lamp, the resistor and the power source are connected in series; the bottom of the transfer box is connected with a U-shaped tube, the U-shaped tube is provided with lubricating oil, and the other end of the U-shaped tube is connected with the oil tank.
  • the oil scraping ring is divided into four ring arcs, and an alarm circuit composed of a wire, a warning light, a horn, a power source and a resistor is arranged in sequence between the ends of the adjacent two ring segments, at the end of the arc of the scraping ring An insulating coating is provided, and the conductive sheet is attached to the insulating coating, and the wire is connected to the conductive sheet.
  • the scraper ring has a rectangular cross section, and a spring arc groove is formed at the outer end of the ring, and one side of the conductive piece is concave arc type, and the spring arc groove is fitted with a small gap therebetween, and the upper and lower ends of the conductive piece are parallel to the ring arc. There is a small gap between the upper and lower end faces, and the distance between the right end of the conductive piece and the inner wall of the oil scraper ring is larger than the distance between the left end and the inner wall of the oil scraper ring.
  • a combined double-layer sealing ring is adopted, which is formed by a combination of a sealed inner ring divided into four ring arcs and a sealed outer ring divided into eight ring rings, which can effectively prevent sweeping.
  • the air in the air box breaks into the radial and axial clearance of the sealing ring and enters the crankcase.
  • the airtightness of the sealing ring is ensured, and the air in the scavenging box is sufficient to improve the combustion performance. Increase the burst pressure to meet performance requirements.
  • the stuffing box housing is divided into upper and lower parts, and the inner half of the housing is mounted with a sealing ring to seal, and the lower half of the housing is provided with a scraping ring to wipe the oil.
  • Function when the scraper ring or seal ring fails, only need to replace the corresponding part of the housing, no need to replace the whole, has a good maintenance process, greatly reducing maintenance costs.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view showing the assembly of the stuffing box device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the stuffing box housing of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a view taken along the line A-A of the stuffing box housing of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of the stuffing box housing of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a bottom plan view of the stuffing box housing of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a top view of the scraper ring
  • Figure 7 is a cross section of the scraper ring in the B-B direction
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the position of the oil scraper ring with the wear alarm device before it is worn;
  • Figure 9 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a scraper ring equipped with a wear alarm device
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the wear ring of the wearer alarm device reaching the wear position
  • Figure 11 is a top view of the flange
  • Figure 12 is a top view of the gas ring II
  • Figure 13 is a cross section of the gas ring II along the D-D direction
  • Figure 14 is a plan view of the gas ring I
  • Figure 15 is a cross section of the gas ring I ring arc I along the E-E direction;
  • Figure 16 is a view of the air ring I ring arc IIF
  • Figure 17 is a bottom view of the gas ring I ring arc II
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view showing the assembled position of the gas ring I and the gas ring II;
  • Figure 19 is a diagram of a gas ring helium alarm device
  • the entire stuffing box device includes an upper casing I2, an upper casing II3, a lower casing II4, a lower casing I5, a flange 6, a gas ring I7, a gas ring II8, a spring 9, a gasket ring I10. , the backing ring II11, the oil scraping ring 12, the positioning pin 13, the screw 14.
  • the wiper ring wear alarm device includes a wire 16, a horn 17, a warning light 18, a resistor 19, a power source 20, an insulating coating 21, and a conductive sheet 22.
  • the gas ring helium alarm device includes a horn 17, a warning light 18, a resistor 19, a power source 20, a pipe 23, an electromagnetic signal switch 24, an air flow meter 25, a transfer box 26, a U-shaped tube 27, and a fuel tank 28.
  • the entire stuffing box device is arranged according to the center line of the piston rod, from top to bottom along the center line of the piston rod, respectively, upper casing I2, upper casing II3, lower casing I5, lower casing II4 .
  • the upper casing I2 and the upper casing II3 constitute an upper half of the stuffing box housing, and the upper casing I2 and the upper casing II3 are internally provided with an oil scraping ring 12, and the outer ring of the oil scraping ring 12 is provided with a spring 9 for scraping oil
  • a gas ring combination is arranged under the ring 12, which is composed of a gas ring I7 and a gas ring II8.
  • the outer ring of the gas ring I7 is arranged with a spring 9, and a gas ring I7 and a gas ring are placed in a ring-shaped cavity below the upper half.
  • Another gas ring combination consisting of II8.
  • a lower casing I5 and a lower casing II4 Disposed under the upper casing I2 and the upper casing II3 are respectively a lower casing I5 and a lower casing II4 with a backing ring II11 placed between their contact faces.
  • the lower case I5 and the lower case II4 are connected by bolts through the bolt holes 103, and the positions of the connected bolt holes 103 are shown in FIG.
  • the upper casing I2 and the upper casing II3 are connected to the corresponding lower casing I5 and lower casing II4 through the positioning pins 13, while the upper casing I2 and the upper casing II3 are fixed to the cylinder block 15 by screws 14, in contact with them
  • a backing ring I10 is placed between the faces.
  • the lower casing I5 and the lower casing II4 constitute the lower half of the stuffing box housing, and the lower casing I5 and the lower casing II4 are internally arranged with four layers of scraper rings 12.
  • a flange 6 which is connected to the lower casing I5, the lower casing II4 and the cylinder block 15 by screws 14, respectively.
  • the oil scraping ring 12 is provided with a wear alarm device.
  • the oil scraping ring 12 is divided into four ring arcs 29, and an alarm circuit is formed between the ends of the two adjacent ring arcs 29, and wires 16 are arranged in sequence on the line. , warning light 18, speaker 17, power supply 20, resistor 19.
  • an insulating coating 21 is disposed on the end of the scraper ring ring 29, and the conductive sheet 22 is attached to the insulating coating 21, and the wire 16 is connected to the conductive sheet 22.
  • the outer end of the flange 6 is connected with a gas ring helium alarm device, the oil passage hole 111 of the flange 6 is connected with a pipe 23, the pipe 23 is connected to the transfer box 26, and the upper opening of the transfer box 26 is connected with a gas flow meter.
  • the other end of the gas flow meter 25 is connected with a circuit formed by the electromagnetic signal switch 24, the horn 17, the warning light 18, the resistor 19 and the power source 20;
  • the bottom port of the transfer box 26 is connected with the U-shaped tube 27, the U-shaped tube There is a lubricating oil inside the 27, a U-shaped tube is connected to the lower opening, and a fuel tank 28 is finally connected to the U-shaped tube.
  • the stuffing box housing is basically cast, as shown in Fig. 2 is a front view of the stuffing box housing, the stuffing box housing is bilaterally symmetric, divided into an upper housing I2, an upper housing II3, a lower housing I5, a lower housing II4. 4 to 5, the upper and lower housings of the stuffing box are cylindrical, and the upper and lower housings are open with a through hole for the piston rod to be centered on the shaft center, and the housing is substantially thin-walled.
  • the outer casing I2 and the upper casing II3 are divided into four steps. From the top to the bottom, the diameters of the front three end faces are gradually increased, and the radius of the fourth layer end faces is larger than the second layer by about one wall thickness. The height of the first step is relatively high. As shown in Fig. 3, a corresponding annular cavity is formed inside the corresponding position for placing the oil scraping ring 12, the gas ring I7 and the gas ring II8.
  • An oil discharge hole I101 is opened at a position corresponding to a bottom wall of the first step and a bottom of the cavity wall for scraping the oil on the piston rod in the cavity, and flowing out along the hole
  • the oil holes 101 are symmetrically arranged at equal intervals on the annular wall surfaces of the upper casing I2 and the upper casing II3, and the center lines of all the holes are in the same plane which is perpendicular to the central axis of the casing.
  • a symmetrical positioning pin hole 105 is formed in each of the upper stepped end faces of the upper casing I2 and the upper casing II3, and the pin holes are equally opened on the top end faces of the lower casing I5 and the lower casing II4.
  • the upper and lower sides correspond to each other for positioning between the upper half and the lower half of the casing.
  • 6 equally spaced screw holes I104 are opened on the end face of the third step, The center line of the hole is on a loop line, and three of the upper casing I2 and the upper casing II3 are symmetrically distributed for the screw connection between the upper half and the cylinder block 15.
  • a second annular cavity is formed inside the casing corresponding to the intersecting line of the first layer and the second layer, and the cavity volume is less than half of the volume of the first cavity, and is only compactly placed by the gas ring.
  • a gas ring seal combination consisting of I7 and gas ring II8.
  • the outer fourth layer of the upper half is a ring-shaped thin wall, the outer diameter of the thin wall is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder block 15, and the outer wall of the thin wall is in close contact with the inner wall of the cylinder block 1.
  • the lower casing I5 and the lower casing II4 have two pin holes corresponding to the upper casing I2 and the pin holes 105 of the upper casing II3 at the edge of the top end face.
  • the inner space of the lower casing I5 and the lower casing II4 is evenly arranged with four cavities of the same size, the cavities are equally spaced from the cavities, the distance is about one wall thickness, and each cavity is placed with a scraping oil. Ring 12.
  • an oil discharge hole II102 of the same size and number as the oil discharge hole I101 provided in the upper half, and the center lines of all the holes are in the same plane, which is perpendicular to the center of the housing The axis, the oil discharge hole II102 is used to flow the oil scraped off the scraper ring along the hole, and is also used for gas ring helium detection.
  • Vertical oil discharge holes III107 are formed on the support surfaces of the second cavity to the fourth cavity, and the loop lines are equally spaced, and each shell has 15 layers on each layer for the scraper ring The scraped oil goes out.
  • three convex deafs are cast in the outer intermediate positions of the lower casing I5 and the lower casing II4, and the deafness is symmetrically arranged on the two lower casings at equal intervals.
  • a screw hole II106 perpendicular to the central axis is also formed on each of the deafness, and the hole is a threaded blind hole corresponding to the screw hole on the flange for connecting the lower case to the flange 6.
  • a rectangular convex outer wall is also cast at the joint line position of the lower casing I5 and the lower casing II4, one on each side, and a bolt hole 103 is opened at a middle position thereof, and is provided with a bolt to make the lower portion.
  • the housing I5 and the lower housing II4 are connected to each other.
  • the backing ring I has six optical holes, which correspond to the screw holes I104 on the upper half, and the aperture is slightly larger to facilitate the installation of the screws.
  • the scraper ring 12 is composed of four identical ring arches 29.
  • the oil scraper ring 12 has a substantially rectangular cross section, and a spring arc groove 108 is formed at the outer end of the ring for placing the spring 9 so that each ring arc is equally spaced on the spring 9.
  • the conductive sheet 22 has a shape similar to the end surface of the ring arc 29, and one side is a concave arc type, and the spring arc groove 108 is fitted, and a small gap is left between them to prevent the spring arc groove from being worn until the spring 9 contacts the conductive.
  • the sheet 22 is made electrically conductive.
  • the upper and lower ends of the conductive sheet are parallel to the upper and lower end faces of the ring arc 29, and a small gap is left between them to prevent the upper and lower end faces of the oil slinger 12 from being worn by friction with the inner wall of the casing cavity, thereby being worn to the conductive sheet 22, so that the casing is misconductive.
  • the right end of the conductive sheet 22 is far from the inner wall of the oil scraper ring because the inner wall of the oil scraping ring 12 is frequently in contact with the piston rod, and the wear is large, preventing wear to the conductive sheet 22, and the piston rod 1 is electrically conductive.
  • the flange 6 is annular, and is slightly adjacent to the outer wall of the flange 6 on the end face, and has six screw holes III109 for connecting the flange 6 and the cylinder block 15.
  • An oil passage hole 111 is also formed in the end face so that the scraped oil can be smoothly discharged and the gas can also be discharged therefrom.
  • the gas ring II8 is divided into four ring-shaped arcs 32 of the same size and shape.
  • the gas ring II8 has a rectangular cross section.
  • the gas ring I7 is composed of four identical ring magnets I30 and four identical ring arcs II31, and the ring arc I30 and the ring arc II31 are arranged one by one.
  • the gas ring I7 forms a "Tian” type cut as a whole, and the outer "mouth” type gap formed by the ring arc I30 and the ring arc II31 is slightly larger, and the middle "ten” word is between the two ring arcs II31. The gap is slightly smaller.
  • the outer arc end of the ring arc I30 and the ring arc II31 is provided with a spring arc groove 108, and the inner wall end is provided with a ring-shaped groove 112.
  • the stuffing box housing is bilaterally symmetrical as a whole, and is divided into an upper housing I2, an upper housing II3, a lower housing I5, and a lower housing II4.
  • the upper casing I2 and the upper casing II3 constitute the upper half of the stuffing box housing and function as a gas seal.
  • the lower casing I5 and the lower casing II4 constitute the lower half of the stuffing box housing and function as a scraping oil.
  • the lower case I5 and the lower case II4 are assembled, the lower case and the flange 6 are fixed by screwing, and then the flange 6 is attached to the cylinder block 15.
  • a backing ring II11 is placed on the top surface of the lower casing, and the backing ring II11 is a soft material, eliminating the installation gap existing between the upper half and the lower half of the casing.
  • a backing ring I10 is placed on the top surface of the cylinder block 15, and the backing ring II10 is also a soft material for eliminating the mounting gap between the upper half and the cylinder block 15.
  • the upper casing I2 and the upper casing II3 are transported from the rack door for assembly, and the upper casing I2 and the lower casing I5 and the upper casing II3 and the lower casing II4 are firstly positioned by the positioning pin 13. Then, the upper half is connected to the cylinder block by screws. When it is necessary to remove the stuffing box, the positioning pin 13 is first taken out. To remove the upper part, simply unscrew the upper part of the screw that is connected to the cylinder block 15. To remove the lower casing, first unscrew the screw connecting the flange 6 with the cylinder block 15, pull out the flange 6, and then unscrew the screw connecting the lower casing and the flange 6, so that the lower casing can be taken out.
  • the scraper ring wear alarm device as shown in Fig. 8, the scraper ring 12 is divided into four segments of ring arc 29, leaving a gap between each segment, embedded in the spring 9, and the scraper ring 12 is closely attached to the piston rod 1.
  • the spring tension causes the scraper ring 12 to remain close to the piston rod 1, but the wiper ring 12 is radially thinned, and the gap between the segments becomes smaller.
  • the scraper ring 12 needs to be replaced.
  • the wear alarm device is provided with a conductive sheet 22 on the end surface of the seal ring segment, and the insulating coating 21 is applied to the end surface of the ring arc 29 before the conductive sheet 22 is disposed to prevent the oil scraper ring 12 from conducting electricity.
  • the conductive sheets 22 on the end faces of the adjacent two segments of the ring arc 29 are connected by wires 16, and the wires connected to the wires are connected with a horn 17, a warning lamp 18, a resistor 19 and a power source 20.
  • An alarm circuit is formed between each two segments of the ring arc 29. When the wear does not reach a certain amount and there is a gap between the segments, the circuit is broken and does not work.
  • gas ring I7 is divided into four segments of ring arc I30 and four segments of ring arc II31, a total of eight segments.
  • the gas ring II8 is divided into four ring arcs 32. As shown in Fig. 14, the gap between the ring segments of the gas ring I7 is "field" shaped.
  • the gas ring II8 is placed in the annular groove 112 of the gas ring I7, and the gap between the ring arcs 32 of the gas ring II8 corresponds to the diagonal of the "field"-shaped gap of the gas ring I7, that is, The gap between the ring arches 32 of the gas ring II8 corresponds to the groove wall of the annular groove 112 of the gas ring I ring arc II31.
  • This placement method isolates the flow of the radial or axial gas and does not form a circulating air passage through the gap of the gas ring, so that the airtightness of the stuffing box is greatly improved.
  • Air ring helium alarm device As shown in Fig. 19, the oil passage connecting pipe 23 is provided in the flange 6, a transfer box 26 is arranged in the oil pipe path, a fuel pipe is opened at the top thereof, and a gas flow meter 25 is disposed at the end of the oil pipe.
  • the bottom port of the transfer box 26 is connected to the U-shaped tube 27, and the oil is placed in the tube in advance, and the oil flows over the bottom of the U-shaped tube 27, thus forming a blocking force.
  • the oil scraped off from the oil scraping ring 12 flows out from the oil discharge hole II102, flows into the oil passage hole 111, flows through the pipe 23, and the intermediate transfer box 26. When the oil amount is large, the oil pressure is greater than the blocking force in the U-shaped pipe.
  • the U-tube 27 will pass through the U-tube 27 and finally into the tank 28.
  • the gas will first flow out from the top of the transfer box 26.
  • the flow meter 25 will monitor the gas flow.
  • the flow meter 25 will send a signal to the electromagnetic signal switch 24, at which time the electromagnetic signal switch 24 is closed, forming a closed loop, the horn 17 sounds prompt, and the warning light 18 lights up, prompting the staff to immediately repair the air ring.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置，包括活塞杆（1）和填料函，该填料函包括壳体，该壳体由相连接的上半部分、下半部分及法兰（6）组成，上半部分内表面从上到下，沿轴线方向依次开设有两层环型空腔，第一层环型空腔内顺次放置刮油环（12）和第一气环密封组合，空腔腔壁上开有卸油孔Ⅰ（101），第二层环型空腔内放置有第二气环密封组合，每个气环密封组合均由分成多段环弧的密封内环和分成多段环弧的密封外环错位嵌套组合而成，下半部分内部顺次布置四层刮油环（12），上述密封外环和刮油环的圆周面上均设有至少一条环形的弹簧弧槽（108），通过安装在弹簧弧槽中的弹簧（9）将其绑缚在活塞杆外圆上，并嵌入式安装在环型空腔内。该填料函装置密封性能好，各环工作性能检测方便，拆装简单，维修成本低。

Description

一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种十字头二冲程柴油机活塞杆填料函，尤其涉及一种船用柴油机上的活塞杆填料函，属于柴油机技术领域。
背景技术
低速柴油机由于转速低、经济型好、油耗低、功率大、结构简单可靠、寿命长、且使用劣质燃料等优点，被广泛用于大型船舶主机。该类柴油机活塞杆通过十字头装置与连杆相连，传递作用力，同时在机架上部设有气缸体扫气箱，将曲轴箱与上部气缸体隔离开，但为保证活塞杆能够通过，在扫气箱底部设有穿越孔，并在孔内安装填料函。填料函主要作用包括以下几个方面：(1)防止活塞杆在下行过程中，将扫气室和气缸中的污物通过该孔漏入曲轴箱，从而污染曲轴箱滑油、腐蚀曲轴和连杆等部件；(2)防止扫气室内的增压空气窜入曲轴箱，造成增压气体泄漏以及曲轴箱气压过大等问题；(3)防止活塞杆在上行过程中，将曲轴箱中的滑油带到扫气室中。
目前填料函普遍存在以下一些问题：(1)填料函内气环密封性能不佳，不能有效解决扫气箱内空气窜入曲柄箱，造成扫气箱内空气不足，使发动机燃烧量不足，影响爆发压力，导致较大的功率损失，影响发动机性能。(2)柴油机工作时，通过观察与填料函泄油管相连的检视漏斗内是否存在气泡判断其密封环的密封性能，同时当泄入检视漏斗中的油量超出5-10L*24h这一标准时，则可以认为填料函内部的刮油环也出现磨损问题，但该检测方法费时费力，不能及时有效的对密封环和刮油环出现的问题进行报告。(3)填料函刮油环的磨损检查，常常根据填料函中的一个专门的检测环的刮油量来判断，如果检测环的油量大了，则说明刮油环已失效，需要更换；此种方法依赖于人工的经验，不能准确有效的解决问题，常常会错过了更换的最佳时期，造成曲柄箱的油进入扫气箱，其中的油污可能会进入其它气环，影响气环的密封效果。(4)公知的填料函基本上是一体式结构，当更换填料函时，拆装过程复杂，维修拆装都需要在单独的平台上完成，维修不便捷，且无论是油环或气环失效需要更换都需要将整个填料函组件抽出检查维修，维修工艺性差；传统设计中填料函壳体发生失效破坏后需要更换整个壳体以及内部的密封环和刮油环，维修成本高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服已有技术中的不足之处，提供一种密封性能好，各环工作性能检测方便，拆装简单，维修成本低、适用于十字头二冲程船用柴油机的填料函装置。
为了实现上述技术目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置，包括活塞杆和填料函，所述填料函包括壳体，所述壳体由相连接的上半部分、下半部分及法兰组成；所述上半部分内表面从上到下，沿轴线方向依次开设有两层环型空腔，其中，第一层环型空腔内顺次放置刮油环和第一气环密封组合，空腔腔壁上开有卸油孔Ⅰ；第二层环型空腔内放置有第二气环密封组合；每个所述气环密封组合均由分成多段环弧的密封内环和分成多段环弧的密封外环错位嵌套 组合而成；所述下半部分内部顺次布置四层刮油环，所述密封外环和油环的圆周面上均设有至少一条环形的弹簧弧槽，所述油环通过安装在弹簧弧槽中的弹簧将其绑缚在所述活塞杆外圆上，所述密封外环受到安装在弹簧弧槽中的弹簧预紧力后紧密连接密封内环，并将密封内环绑缚在所述活塞杆外圆上。
所述密封外环为气环Ⅰ，气环Ⅰ分为四段环弧Ⅰ和四段环弧Ⅱ，共八段；所述密封内环为气环Ⅱ，气环Ⅱ分为四段环弧；所述环弧Ⅰ和环弧Ⅱ外壁端开有弹簧弧槽，内壁端设有环型槽；所述气环Ⅱ放置在气环Ⅰ的环型槽中，并且气环Ⅱ的环弧之间的间隙对应着气环Ⅰ环型槽的槽壁。
所述上半部分由上壳体Ⅰ和上壳体Ⅱ组成；在上壳体Ⅰ和上壳体Ⅱ下面放置的分别是下壳体Ⅰ和下壳体Ⅱ组成的下半部分，在它们接触面之间放置着垫环；下壳体Ⅰ和下壳体Ⅱ之间通过螺栓穿过螺栓孔连接在一起，上壳体Ⅰ和上壳体Ⅱ与对应的下壳体Ⅰ和上壳体Ⅱ之间通过定位销连接，同时上壳体Ⅰ和上壳体Ⅱ通过螺钉固定在气缸体上，在它们接触面之间放置着垫环。
所述垫环Ⅱ与垫环均是由软性材料制成。
下壳体Ⅰ和下壳体Ⅱ内部空间布置有四个空腔，每层空腔放置一个刮油环；在第一个空腔侧壁底部开有若干卸油孔Ⅱ；在第二个空腔至第四个空腔的支撑面上开有垂直的卸油孔Ⅲ，成环线等间距分布，下壳体Ⅰ和下壳体Ⅱ外部中间位置各铸有三个凸出耳镦，耳镦在两个下壳体上等间距对称布置；在每个耳镦上还开有垂直于中心轴线的螺钉孔Ⅱ。
所述法兰为环状，在端面上靠近法兰外壁处，开有六个螺钉孔Ⅲ，用以连接法兰与气缸体；在端面上靠近内壁处，开有六个螺钉孔Ⅳ，与所述耳镦上的螺钉孔Ⅱ相对应；在端面上还开有一个油道孔。
所述法兰中所设油道孔连接管道，管道另一端连接中转箱，在中转箱顶部开有油管，在油管末端设置气体流量计；气体流量计另一端连接有一个由电磁信号开关、喇叭、警示灯、电阻及电源串联形成的电路；中转箱底部油口连接着U型管，U型管里面设有滑油，U型管另一端连接油箱。
所述刮油环分为四段环弧，相邻两段环弧端部之间依次布置有由导线、警示灯、喇叭、电源、电阻组成的报警电路，在刮油环环弧端部上设有绝缘涂层，导电片贴在绝缘涂层上，导线与导电片相连。
所述刮油环截面为矩形，在环外端开有弹簧弧槽，导电片一边为凹弧型，贴合弹簧弧槽，之间留有小段空隙，导电片的上、下端平行于环弧的上、下端面，之间留有小段空隙，导电片右端离刮油环内壁距离相比左端离刮油环内壁距离较大。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)采用一种组合式双层密封环，该密封环由分成四段环弧的密封内环和分成八段环弧的密封外环错位嵌套组合而成，该环能有效的防止扫气箱内空气窜入密封环的径向和轴向间隙并进入曲柄箱，在提高填料函整体结构紧凑化的同时保证密封环的气密性，使扫气箱内空气充足，提高燃烧性能，增大爆发压力，满足性能要求。
(2)在填料函泄油管出口处安装一个漏气监测装置，对管道内的气压进行监测并在出现漏气情况时及时报警，能够对气环工作状态进行实时监测；
(3)在刮油环上设置一个磨损自动报警装置，不再依靠人工经验，准确有效，及时 更换，避免曲柄箱的油进入扫气箱，防止油污进入其它密封环，影响气环的密封效果。
(4)采用组合式填料函方案，将填料函壳体分成上下两部分，壳体上半部分内腔安装密封环起着密封作用，壳体下半部分内腔安装刮油环起着刮油功能，刮油环或密封环发生失效时只需更换对应部分的壳体，无需整体更换，具有良好的维修工艺性，大大降低维修成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的填料函装置的装配主视图；
图2为本发明的填料函壳体的主视图；
图3为本发明的填料函壳体的A-A方向视图；
图4为本发明的填料函壳体的俯视图；
图5为本发明的填料函壳体的仰视图；
图6为刮油环俯视图；
图7为刮油环沿B-B方向横截面；
图8为装有磨损报警装置的刮油环未磨损前位置示意图；
图9为装有磨损报警装置的刮油环局部放大示意图；
图10为装有磨损报警装置的刮油环到达磨损位置示意图；
图11为法兰俯视图；
图12为气环Ⅱ俯视图；
图13为气环Ⅱ沿D-D方向横截面；
图14为气环Ⅰ俯视图；
图15为气环Ⅰ环弧Ⅰ沿E-E方向横截面；
图16为气环Ⅰ环弧ⅡF向视图；
图17为气环Ⅰ环弧Ⅱ仰视图；
图18为气环Ⅰ与气环Ⅱ组合装配位置示意图；
图19为气环窜气报警装置图；
图中：1-活塞杆，2-上壳体Ⅰ，3-上壳体Ⅱ，4-下壳体Ⅱ，5-下壳体Ⅰ，6-法兰，7-气环Ⅰ，8-气环Ⅱ，9-弹簧，10-垫环Ⅰ，11-垫环Ⅱ，12-刮油环，13-定位销，14-螺钉，15-气缸体，16-导线，17-喇叭，18-警示灯，19-电阻，20-电源，21-绝缘涂层，22-导电片，23-管道，24-电磁信号开关，25-气体流量计，26-中转箱，27-U型管，28-油箱，29-刮油环环弧，30-气环Ⅰ环弧Ⅰ，31-气环Ⅰ环弧Ⅱ，32-气环Ⅱ环弧，101-卸油孔Ⅰ，102-卸油孔Ⅱ，103-螺栓孔，104-螺钉孔Ⅰ，105-定位销孔，106-螺钉孔Ⅱ，107-卸油孔Ⅲ，108-弹簧弧槽，109-螺钉孔Ⅲ，110-螺钉孔Ⅳ，111-油道孔，112-环型槽。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，整个填料函装置包括，上壳体Ⅰ2，上壳体Ⅱ3，下壳体Ⅱ4，下壳体Ⅰ5，法兰6，气环Ⅰ7，气环Ⅱ8，弹簧9，垫环Ⅰ10，垫环Ⅱ11，刮油环12，定位销13，螺钉14。此外还包括刮油环磨损报警装置，和气环窜气报警装置。如图8所示，刮油环磨损报警装置包括导线16，喇叭17，警示灯18，电阻19，电源20，绝缘涂层21，导电片22。如图19所 示，气环窜气报警装置包括喇叭17，警示灯18，电阻19，电源20，管道23，电磁信号开关24，空气流量计25，中转箱26，U型管27，油箱28。
位置关系：
如图1所示，整个填料函装置基于活塞杆中心线为套装布置，沿活塞杆中心线自上而下，分别是上壳体Ⅰ2，上壳体Ⅱ3，下壳体Ⅰ5，下壳体Ⅱ4。上壳体Ⅰ2和上壳体Ⅱ3组成了填料函壳体的上半部分，上壳体Ⅰ2和上壳体Ⅱ3内部放有刮油环12，刮油环12外圈布置有弹簧9，刮油环12下面叠放着一个气环组合由气环Ⅰ7和气环Ⅱ8组成，气环Ⅰ7外圈布置有弹簧9，在上半部分下面一层环型空腔内放置着同样由气环Ⅰ7和气环Ⅱ8组成的另一个气环组合。
在上壳体Ⅰ2和上壳体Ⅱ3下面放置的是分别与下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4，在它们接触面之间放置着垫环Ⅱ11。下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4是通过螺栓穿过螺栓孔103连接在一起的，连接的螺栓孔103位置见图3。上壳体Ⅰ2和上壳体Ⅱ3与对应的下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4通过定位销13连接，同时上壳体Ⅰ2和上壳体Ⅱ3通过螺钉14固定在气缸体15上，在它们接触面之间放置着垫环Ⅰ10。
下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4组成了填料函壳体的下半部分，下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4内部布置着四层刮油环12。下壳体下面是法兰6，法兰6通过螺钉14分别与下壳体Ⅰ5、下壳体Ⅱ4以及气缸体15连接。
如图8，刮油环12上布置着磨损报警装置，刮油环12分为四段环弧29，相邻两段环弧29端部之间形成一个报警电路，线路上依次布置有导线16，警示灯18，喇叭17，电源20，电阻19。如图9所示，在刮油环环弧29端部上有绝缘涂层21，导电片22贴在绝缘涂层21上，导线16与导电片22相连。
如图19，法兰6外端接有气环窜气报警装置，法兰6上油道孔111接有管道23，管道23连接着中转箱26，中转箱26上部开孔接有气体流量计25，气体流量计25另一端连接有一个由电磁信号开关24、喇叭17、警示灯18、电阻19及电源20串联形成的电路；中转箱26底部油口连接着U型管27，U型管27里面设有滑油，下部开孔接有U型管，U型管最后连接有油箱28。
形状及作用：
填料函壳体基本上为铸造而成，如图2为填料函壳体主视图，填料函壳体为左右对称，分为上壳体Ⅰ2，上壳体Ⅱ3，下壳体Ⅰ5，下壳体Ⅱ4。如图4～5，填料函上下壳体为圆筒状，上下壳体以轴心为中心开有供活塞杆通过的通孔，壳体基本上为薄壁状。
如图2，上壳体Ⅰ2和上壳体Ⅱ3外部分为四层台阶，自上往下，前三层端面直径是逐渐变大，第四层端面半径比第二层大了约一个壁厚，第一层台阶高度较高，见图3，对应位置的壳体内部开有一层环型空腔，用于放置刮油环12，气环Ⅰ7以及气环Ⅱ8。在第一层台阶的侧壁与空腔腔壁底部相对应的位置开有卸油孔Ⅰ101，用于此空腔内刮油环12将活塞杆上的油刮下来，顺着此孔流出去，这样的油孔101在上壳体Ⅰ2和上壳体Ⅱ3的环形壁面上各等间距对称布置有13个，所有孔的中心线在同一个平面内，此平面垂直于壳体中心轴线。如图4，在上壳体Ⅰ2和上壳体Ⅱ3第二层台阶端面上各开有1个对称的定位销孔105，此销孔在下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4在顶部端面上同样开有，上下之间相互对应，用于壳体上半部分与下半部分之间的定位。在第三层台阶端面上开有6个等间距的螺钉孔Ⅰ104， 孔中心线在一个环线上，上壳体Ⅰ2和上壳体Ⅱ3上各有3个，成对称分布，用于上半部分与气缸体15之间的螺钉连接。如图3，在第一层与第二层相贯线对应的壳体内部开有第二个环型空腔，此空腔容积不及第一个空腔容积的一半，只紧凑放置由气环Ⅰ7和气环Ⅱ8组成的气环密封组合。上半部分外部第四层为一个环型薄壁，薄壁外径略小于于气缸体15内径，薄壁外壁紧贴气缸体1内壁。
如图1，下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4在顶部端面边缘处开有2个与上壳体Ⅰ2和上壳体Ⅱ3上销孔105相对应的销孔。如图3，下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4内部空间均匀布置有四个容积大小一样的空腔，腔与腔之间等间距，距离约为一个壁厚，每个空腔放置一个刮油环12。在第一层空腔侧壁底部开有与上半部分设有的卸油孔Ⅰ101同样大小及数量的卸油孔Ⅱ102，所有孔的中心线在同一个平面内，此平面垂直于壳体中心轴线，此卸油孔Ⅱ102用于将刮油环刮下来的油顺着此孔流淌出去，同时也用于气环窜气检测。在第二个空腔至第四个空腔的支撑面上开有垂直的卸油孔Ⅲ107，成环线等间距分布，每个壳体每一层面上均有15个，用于将刮油环刮下的油顺淌出去。
如图2及图5，下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4外部中间位置各铸有3个凸出耳镦，耳镦在两个下壳体上等间距对称布置。在每个耳镦上还开有垂直于中心轴线的螺钉孔Ⅱ106，此孔为螺纹盲孔，此孔与与法兰上的螺钉孔相对应，用于下壳体与法兰6连接。
如图2及图3，在下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4接合线位置还铸有矩形状的凸出外壁，两侧各一个，在其中间位置开有螺栓孔103，配以螺栓来使下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4之间相连接。
垫环Ⅰ上开有六个光孔，它与上半部分上的螺钉孔Ⅰ104相对应，孔径较之略大，方便螺钉穿过安装。垫环Ⅱ上开有两个光孔，它与上半部分上的定位销孔105相对应，孔径较之略大，方便定位销穿过安装。
如图6，刮油环12由四段完全一样的环弧29组成。如图7，刮油环12截面基本为矩形，在环外端开有弹簧弧槽108，用于放置弹簧9，使每一段环弧等间距固定在弹簧9上。[0055]如图9，导电片22形状与环弧29端面类似，一边为凹弧型，贴合弹簧弧槽108，之间留有小段空隙，防止弹簧弧槽磨损，至弹簧9接触到导电片22，使其误导电。导电片上下端平行于环弧29上下端面，之间留有小段空隙，防止刮油环12上下端面因与壳体空腔内壁摩擦导致磨损，进而磨损到导电片22，使壳体误导电。导电片22右端离刮油环内壁距离较大，因为刮油环12内壁与活塞杆频繁接触摩擦，而磨损较大，防止磨损到导电片22，使活塞杆1误导电。
如图11，法兰6为环状，在端面上略靠近法兰6外壁处，开有6个螺钉孔Ⅲ109，用以连接法兰6与气缸体15。在端面上略靠近内壁处，开有6个螺钉孔Ⅳ110，与下壳体的耳镦上的螺钉孔Ⅱ106相对应，用以法兰6与下壳体相连接。在端面上还开有一个油道孔111，使刮下来的滑油可以顺淌出去，同时气体也可以从此处出去。
如图12，气环Ⅱ8分为四段形状大小一样的环弧32。
如图13所示，气环Ⅱ8截面为矩形。
如图14，气环Ⅰ7由四段完全一样的环弧Ⅰ30和四段完全一样的环弧Ⅱ31组成，环弧Ⅰ30和环弧Ⅱ31成逐个间隔布置。气环Ⅰ7整体上形成一个“田”字型切法，环弧Ⅰ30和环弧Ⅱ31形成的田字的外“口”型间隙略大，中间的“十”字即两个环弧Ⅱ31之间 的间隙略小。
如图15-17，环弧Ⅰ30和环弧Ⅱ31外壁端开有弹簧弧槽108，内壁端设有环型槽112。
工作原理：
组合式填料函壳体：填料函壳体整体上是左右对称的，分为上壳体Ⅰ2，上壳体Ⅱ3，下壳体Ⅰ5，下壳体Ⅱ4。上壳体Ⅰ2和上壳体Ⅱ3组成了填料函壳体的上半部分，起着气封作用。下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4组成了填料函壳体的下半部分，起着刮油作用。
首先装配下壳体Ⅰ5和下壳体Ⅱ4，将下壳体与法兰6通过螺钉连接固定起来，而后将法兰6安装到气缸体15上。在下部装完之后，在下壳体顶面放置垫环Ⅱ11，垫环Ⅱ11是软性材料，消除壳体上半部分与下半部分之间存在的安装间隙。在气缸体15顶面放置垫环Ⅰ10，垫环Ⅱ10也是软性材料，用于消除上半部分与气缸体15之间的安装间隙。
将上壳体Ⅰ2和上壳体Ⅱ3从机架门运送进行装配，先用定位销13将上壳体Ⅰ2与下壳体Ⅰ5以及上壳体Ⅱ3与下壳体Ⅱ4之间进行相对应的定位，然后将上半部分与气缸体通过螺钉连接起来。当需要拆卸填料函时，先将定位销13取出。拆卸上半部分，只要拧开上半部分与气缸体15连接的螺钉即可。拆卸下壳体，只要先拧开法兰6与气缸体15连接的螺钉，将法兰6抽出，随后将下壳体与法兰6连接的螺钉拧开，即可取出下壳体。
刮油环磨损报警装置：如图8，刮油环12分为四段环弧29而成，每段之间留有间隙，镶嵌在弹簧9上，刮油环12紧贴活塞杆1。如图10，当刮油环12磨损变薄后，弹簧张力使刮油环12依然紧贴活塞杆1，但是刮油环12径向变薄的同时，段与段之间间隙就会变小，当最终间隙消失，段与段之间紧密贴合之后，此时刮油环12就需要进行更换。磨损报警装置通过在密封环段端面设置导电片22，设置导电片22之前先要在环弧29端面涂抹绝缘涂层21，防止刮油环12导电。相邻两段环弧29端面上的导电片22用导线16连接，导线连接的线路中接入有喇叭17，警示灯18，电阻19和电源20。每两段环弧29之间形成一个报警电路。当磨损没有到达一定量，段与段之间还有空隙时，电路是断开的，不起作用。只要有一个相邻两段环弧29达到磨损量，段与段之间贴合无间隙时，两段之间的导线就连接起来，形成一个闭合的电路，喇叭17声音提示，同时警示灯18亮起。此时工人看到这种情况就需要立即检修更换密封环，有时可能因为段与段之间瞬时接触而误报警，所以当确定刮油环12有故障时，警报声一定是要有持续性。
组合式密封气环：气环Ⅰ7分为四段环弧Ⅰ30和四段环弧Ⅱ31，共八段。气环Ⅱ8分为四段环弧32。如图14，气环Ⅰ7的环段之间的间隙成“田”字状。
如图18所示，气环Ⅱ8放置在气环Ⅰ7的环型槽112中，气环Ⅱ8的环弧32之间的间隙对应着气环Ⅰ7的“田”字状间隙的对角线，即气环Ⅱ8的环弧32之间的间隙对应着气环Ⅰ环弧Ⅱ31的环型槽112槽壁。这种放置方法，隔绝了径向或者轴向气体的流通，无法透过气环间隙形成一个流通的气道，使填料函的气密性得到了很大的提高。
气环窜气报警装置：如图19，法兰6中所设油道连接管道23，油管路径中设置一个中转箱26，在其顶部开有油管，在油管末端设置气体流量计25。中转箱26底部油口连接着U型管27，管子里面事先放有滑油，油漫过U形管27底部，这样就形成了阻塞力。从刮油环12刮下来的滑油从卸油孔Ⅱ102流出，流进油道孔111，流经管道23，中转箱26，当油量较大时，油压大于U型管中阻塞力，将会穿过U型管27，最后流入油箱28。当气体流进来时， 因为气体较轻，同时因为U型管中具有一定的阻塞力，气体首先会从中转箱26顶部气管流出，当气环窜气时，流量计25就会监测气体流量，当超过警戒值时，流量计25就会发出信号给电磁信号开关24，这时电磁信号开关24闭合，形成闭合回路，喇叭17声音提示，同时警示灯18亮起，提醒工作人员立即检修气环。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置，包括活塞杆(1)和填料函，其特征在于，所述填料函包括壳体，所述壳体由相连接的上半部分、下半部分及法兰(6)组成；所述上半部分内表面从上到下，沿轴线方向依次开设有两层环型空腔，其中，第一层环型空腔内顺次放置刮油环(12)和第一气环密封组合，空腔腔壁上开有卸油孔Ⅰ(101)；第二层环型空腔内放置有第二气环密封组合；每个所述气环密封组合均由分成多段环弧的密封内环和分成多段环弧的密封外环错位嵌套组合而成；所述下半部分内部顺次布置四层刮油环(12)，所述密封外环和油环的圆周面上均设有至少一条环形的弹簧弧槽，所述油环通过安装在弹簧弧槽中的弹簧将其绑缚在所述活塞杆(1)外圆上，所述密封外环受到安装在弹簧弧槽中的弹簧预紧力后紧密连接密封内环，并将密封内环绑缚在所述活塞杆(1)外圆上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置，其特征在于，所述密封外环为气环Ⅰ(7)，气环Ⅰ(7)分为四段环弧Ⅰ(30)和四段环弧Ⅱ(31)，共八段；所述密封内环为气环Ⅱ(8)，气环Ⅱ(8)分为四段环弧(32)；所述环弧Ⅰ(30)和环弧Ⅱ(31)外壁端开有弹簧弧槽(108)，内壁端设有环型槽(112)；所述气环Ⅱ(8)放置在气环Ⅰ(7)的环型槽(112)中，并且气环Ⅱ(8)的环弧(32)之间的间隙对应着气环Ⅰ(7)环型槽(112)的槽壁。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置，其特征在于，所述上半部分由上壳体Ⅰ(2)和上壳体Ⅱ(3)组成；在上壳体Ⅰ(2)和上壳体Ⅱ(3)下面放置的分别是下壳体Ⅰ(5)和下壳体Ⅱ(4)组成的下半部分，在它们接触面之间放置着垫环II(11)；下壳体Ⅰ(5)和下壳体Ⅱ(4)之间通过螺栓穿过螺栓孔(103)连接在一起，上壳体Ⅰ(2)和上壳体Ⅱ(3)与对应的下壳体Ⅰ(5)和下壳体Ⅱ(4)之间通过定位销(13)连接，同时上壳体Ⅰ(2)和上壳体Ⅱ(3)通过螺钉(14)固定在气缸体(15)上，在它们接触面之间放置着垫环I(10)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置，其特征在于，所述垫环Ⅱ(11)与垫环I(10)均是由软性材料制成。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置，其特征在于，下壳体Ⅰ(5)和下壳体Ⅱ(4)内部空间布置有四个空腔，每个空腔放置一个刮油环(12)；在第一个空腔侧壁底部开有若干卸油孔Ⅱ(102)；在第二个空腔至第四个空腔的支撑面上开有垂直的卸油孔Ⅲ(107)，成环线等间距分布，下壳体Ⅰ(5)和下壳体Ⅱ(4)外部中间位置各铸有三个凸出耳镦，耳镦在两个下壳体上等间距对称布置；在每个耳镦上还开有垂直于中心轴线的螺钉孔Ⅱ(106)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置，其特征在于，所述法兰(6)为环状，在端面上靠近法兰(6)外壁处，开有六个螺钉孔Ⅲ(109)，用以连接法兰(6)与气缸体(15)；在端面上靠近内壁处，开有六个螺钉孔Ⅳ(110)，与所述耳镦上的螺钉孔Ⅱ(106)相对应；在端面上还开有一个油道孔(111)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置，其特征在于，所述法兰(6)中所设油道孔(111)连接管道(23)，管道(23)另一端连接中转箱(26)，在中转箱(26)顶部开有油管，在油管末端设置气体流量计(25)；气体流量计(25)另一端连接有一个由电磁信号开关(24)、喇叭(17)、警示灯(18)、电阻(19)及电源(20)串联形成的电路；中转箱(26)底部油口连接着U型管(27)，U型管(27)里面设有滑油，U型管(27)另一端连 接油箱(28)。
  8. 根据权利要求1或5所述的一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置，其特征在于，所述刮油环(12)分为四段环弧(29)，相邻两段环弧(29)端部之间依次布置有由导线(16)、警示灯(18)、喇叭(17)、电源(20)、电阻(19)组成的报警电路，在刮油环环弧(29)端部上设有绝缘涂层(21)，导电片(22)贴在绝缘涂层(21)上，导线(16)与导电片(22)相连。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种十字头二冲程柴油机填料函装置，其特征在于，所述刮油环(12)截面为矩形，在环外端开有弹簧弧槽(108)，导电片(22)一边为凹弧型，贴合弹簧弧槽(108)，之间留有小段空隙，导电片(22)的上、下端平行于环弧(29)的上、下端面，之间留有小段空隙，导电片(22)右端离刮油环(12)内壁距离相比左端离刮油环(12)内壁距离较大。
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CN116460791A (zh) * 2023-04-25 2023-07-21 沪东重机有限公司 一种活塞填料函的安装平台及使用方法
CN116696714A (zh) * 2023-06-27 2023-09-05 杭州杭氧压缩机有限公司 压缩机
CN117072313A (zh) * 2023-09-06 2023-11-17 宁波市特种设备检验研究院 一种叉车内燃机的密封装置

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