WO2016176991A1 - 一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置 - Google Patents

一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016176991A1
WO2016176991A1 PCT/CN2015/096781 CN2015096781W WO2016176991A1 WO 2016176991 A1 WO2016176991 A1 WO 2016176991A1 CN 2015096781 W CN2015096781 W CN 2015096781W WO 2016176991 A1 WO2016176991 A1 WO 2016176991A1
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Prior art keywords
irrigation
control
fertilization
pipeline
disinfection
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
左志宇
秦丽娟
毛罕平
张晓东
倪纪恒
李青林
吕天远
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to GB1619686.7A priority Critical patent/GB2542049B/en
Priority to US15/318,812 priority patent/US10317326B2/en
Publication of WO2016176991A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016176991A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16—Control of watering
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/008—Tanks, chassis or related parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/02—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
    • A01C23/023—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil for liquid or gas fertilisers
    • A01C23/025—Continuous injection tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
    • A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
    • A01C23/047—Spraying of liquid fertilisers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an integrated irrigation and disinfection test device, and belongs to the field of modern agricultural precision irrigation, and is mainly used for research and system development of precise irrigation and nutrient solution precision distribution technology for facility agriculture.
  • the integrated fertilization and fertilization test device is the key supporting equipment for the facility agricultural environment control technology and equipment research direction. It is also the facility environment and crop physiological information detection technology and mechanism, facility crop growth and environmental regulation model, facility cultivation environment control technology and equipment. Fundamental test equipment such as research directions.
  • Fertility fertigation is one of the key technologies in facility agriculture, including the distribution and concentration of nutrient concentrations.
  • the accuracy of the concentration of nutrient solution affects the nutrient supply of crops in the facility.
  • the irrigation amount and irrigation time affect the water supply of crops, directly affecting the quality of crops, yield, efficiency of agricultural facilities and economic benefits of users.
  • Research on precise irrigation, precise fertilization and nutrient solution recovery and disinfection is of great significance for improving the efficiency of facility agriculture and promoting the development of facility agriculture industry.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an integrated irrigation and disinfection test device, which has the integrated functions of irrigation and fertilization, residual liquid recovery and disinfection, spray drip load simulation, water and fertilizer parameter detection, parameter of fat absorption channel detection and return channel parameter detection, etc. Accurate irrigation and nutrient solution for facility agriculture.
  • an integrated irrigation and disinfection test device which is characterized in that: irrigation fertilization pipeline, residual liquid recovery and disinfection pipeline, spray drip load simulation pipeline, water and fertilizer parameters
  • irrigation fertilization pipeline residual liquid recovery and disinfection pipeline
  • spray drip load simulation pipeline water and fertilizer parameters
  • the detection pipeline the parameter detection pipeline of the suction passage, the parameter detection pipeline of the return passage, and the pipeline of the control system
  • the irrigation fertilization pipe routing water supply pump (2), the fertilization control electromagnetic valve (3), the mixed fertilizer irrigation (8), the irrigation pump (9), the irrigation control solenoid valve (10) are sequentially connected;
  • Spray drip load simulation tube routing control proportional valve (16), control measurement irrigation tool A (6) and control measurement irrigation tool B (12), pressure sensor A (22) and pressure sensor B (29) are connected in turn ;
  • the water and fertilizer parameter detection tube routes the irrigation tool to be tested (17), the flow sensor A (21) and the flow sensor B (30), the pressure sensor A (22) and the pressure sensor (29), the pH sensor A (15) and the pH sensor B (27), EC sensor A (19) and EC sensor B (26) and the main nutrient ion concentration transfer conversion module is connected in turn (14);
  • control circuit In each of the solenoid valve and the pump drive motor, the control circuit is directly or indirectly connected with a changeover switch, and a control switch is also connected in the "manual" branch of the irrigation zone control solenoid valve changeover switch to make the electrical control system It can realize irrigation zone selection, water supply, fertilizer application, nutrient solution preparation and irrigation/fertilization manual control, automatic control and complete switching, so as to ensure partition irrigation and partition variable fertilization in manual mode;
  • electrical control system mainly consists of various Motor circuit breaker, AC contactor, control relay, transfer switch, fuse, solid state relay and control switch, etc., mainly responsible for water supply pump motor (2), irrigation pump motor (9), compound control solenoid valve (4) , fertilization control solenoid valve (3), irrigation control solenoid valve (10), irrigation zone control solenoid valve (13) and suction control solenoid valve (28) control and manual / automatic mode switching;
  • the intelligent measurement and control system is mainly composed of a microcontroller and its peripheral interface circuit. It is responsible for sending various control signals to the electrical control system according to the irrigation/fertilization mode and operating parameters set by the operator, and detecting the EC value and nutrient solution of the nutrient solution in real time. Various working state parameters such as pH and irrigation/fertilization flow rate are used to control the irrigation/fertilization process automatically according to the set requirements.
  • the irrigation and fertilization pipeline is specifically: the water pump supplies water from the laboratory storage tank to the mixed fertilizer tank, and the irrigation pump supplies water to the irrigation area for fertilizer supply, and both adopt frequency conversion speed control mode to control pipeline pressure and flow.
  • the residual liquid recovery and disinfection pipeline is: collecting the nutrient solution residual liquid of the two cultivation tanks, filtering, disinfecting, temporarily storing in the liquid storage tank, and finally adding the mixed fertilizer tank through the residual liquid adding device; disinfecting by ultraviolet light and ozone The way to disinfect.
  • the drip irrigation load simulation pipeline is: controlling the outlet pressure of the irrigation machine to be tested by controlling the proportional valve, thereby realizing the drip irrigation load simulation; the drip irrigation load simulation function realizes the performance test of other irrigation fertilization systems, Provide a basis for performance testing of other fertigation systems.
  • the water and fertilizer parameter monitoring pipeline is used for measuring the flow rate, pressure, pH, EC and main nutrient ion concentration of the irrigation implement to be tested, so as to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the irrigation and fertilization.
  • the parameter of the absorption channel is detected by a weighing method to measure the flow of the mother liquid.
  • the return channel parameter detection line is used to measure and control the pressure and flow of the suction return channel.
  • the main control system of the control system pipeline adopts an industrial computer, collects and stores various parameters, provides sensors and actuator drivers, and opens communication protocols and control protocols; the protection level is IP65.
  • the state monitoring method for realizing the fertilization link of the automatic fertigation machine by using the above test device is as follows: the state monitoring of the fertilization link in the fertilization process of the automatic fertigation machine is realized by the flow meter A (21) and the flow meter B (30); According to the current setting state of the irrigation district control, the current fertilization area and its size can be known, thereby deducing the theoretical fertilization flow.
  • the actual fertilization flow rate is detected by the flow meter A (21) and the flow meter B (30), and compared with the theoretical fertilization flow rate, if the difference exceeds the predetermined limit, it is necessary that the fertilization link has a failure, and the emergency treatment is immediately performed, and Give an alarm prompt; if the difference is within the predetermined limit, the fertilization link is considered to be working properly.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects: on the one hand, the invention effectively combines the concentration information of the nutrient solution to realize the high-precision nutrient liquid dynamic allocation and simulate the irrigation zone load in the aspects of irrigation, nutrient liquid dynamic deployment, etc., thereby realizing more efficient Fertigation; on the other hand, the present invention can provide performance testing for other fertigation devices to meet the requirements of the test system in the development of the fertigation system.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the composition of the system of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of electrical control of the present invention.
  • the invention mainly comprises a water supply pump 2, a pressure sensor A22 and a pressure sensor B29, a flow sensor A21 and a flow sensor B30, an ion concentration conversion module and a control system, etc., and has irrigation fertilization, residual liquid recovery and disinfection, spray drip load simulation, water and fertilizer parameters. Detection, parameter evaluation of the suction channel and return channel parameter detection. It is mainly used for research and system development of precision irrigation and nutrient solution precision distribution technology in facility agriculture.
  • the overall structure of the present invention is shown in Figure 1. It is mainly composed of a centrifugal pump, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, an ion concentration sensor, and a control system.
  • the block diagram of the system is shown in Figure 2.
  • Irrigation and fertilization integrated test device includes irrigation fertilization pipeline, residual liquid recovery and disinfection pipeline, spray drip load simulation pipeline, water and fertilizer parameter detection pipeline, suction fertilizer channel parameter detection pipeline, return channel parameter detection pipeline, control system Pipeline.
  • the irrigation and fertilization pipeline includes a water pump, a fertilization control solenoid valve, a mixed fertilizer irrigation, an irrigation pump, a gate valve, etc., and is connected in sequence;
  • the drip irrigation load simulation pipeline includes a control proportional valve 16, a control measurement to be tested, an irrigation implement A6, and an irrigation implement to be tested.
  • water and fertilizer parameter detection pipeline includes irrigation tool to be tested 17, flow sensor A21 and flow sensor B30, pressure sensor A22 and pressure sensor B29, pH sensor A15 and pH sensor B27, EC sensor A19 and The EC sensor B26 and the primary nutrient ion concentration transfer transform module 14.
  • the electrical control principle of the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • the electromagnetic valve and each pump are respectively connected to an electric control system, and the electric control system is connected with the intelligent measurement and control system, and a control mode change switch is serially connected in each of the electromagnetic valve and the control loop of the motor, and each control mode changeover switch has a manual And the automatic branch circuit;
  • the irrigation zone control solenoid valve is connected with the solid state relay, and the input circuit of the solid state relay has a irrigation zone control mode switch, and the automatic gear branch is connected with the output signal end of the intelligent measurement and control system, and the manual branch is connected in series Irrigation area control switch.
  • control circuit of the electromagnetic device, the input stage of the solid state relay, the automatic branch of the control mode switch and the intelligent measurement and control system are sequentially connected to form an automatic control loop of the solid state relay;
  • control mode switch of the series connected in the control loop is the irrigation control mode conversion Switch, fertilization control mode changeover switch, fertilizer control mode changeover switch and suction control mode switch.
  • the control circuit of the electromagnetic device controls the power supply, the fertilization pump of the fertilization pump, and the manual branch of the fertilization pump control mode switch are sequentially connected to form a manual control loop of the start and stop control relay of the fertilization pump; the power supply is controlled by the electromagnetic device.
  • the coil of the pump start-stop control relay, the automatic branch of the water supply pump control mode changeover switch and the intelligent measurement and control system are sequentially connected to form an automatic control loop of the water supply pump start-stop control relay.
  • Integrated fertilization and fertilization test equipment including irrigation and fertilization pipeline, residual liquid recovery and disinfection pipeline, spray drip load simulation pipeline, water and fertilizer parameter detection pipeline, suction and fertilizer passage parameter detection pipeline, return channel parameter detection pipeline
  • the control system pipeline, the irrigation fertilizer pipeline includes a water supply pump 2, a fertilization control solenoid valve 3, a fertilizer irrigation 8, an irrigation pump 9, and an irrigation control solenoid valve 10 are sequentially connected;
  • the state monitoring of the fertilization process during the fertilization process of the automatic fertigation machine mainly relies on the flow meter A21 and the flow meter B30.
  • the current fertilization area and its size can be known, thereby deducing the theoretical fertilization flow.
  • the actual fertilization flow rate is detected by the flow meter A21 and the flow meter B30, and compared with the theoretical fertilization flow rate. If the difference exceeds the predetermined limit, it must be that the fertilization link has a fault, and the emergency treatment is immediately performed, and an alarm prompt is given; If the difference is within the predetermined limit, the fertilization link is considered to be working properly.
  • the fertigation process of the invention the water pump supplies water from the laboratory reservoir to the fertilizer tank, and the irrigation pump supplies water to the irrigation area, and both adopt frequency conversion speed control to control the pipeline pressure and flow.
  • Residual liquid recovery and disinfection part collect the cultivation tank (2) nutrient solution residual liquid, after filtration, disinfection, temporary storage The tank is finally added to the tank by the residual liquid adding device.
  • the disinfection in the present invention is a method in which ultraviolet rays are added to ozone.
  • Spray drip load simulation part By controlling the proportional valve, the pressure of the water outlet of the irrigation machine to be tested is controlled to realize the drip irrigation load simulation.
  • the drip irrigation load simulation function in the integrated fertigation and fertilization test device can realize the performance test of other fertigation systems, and provide a basis for the performance test of other irrigation and fertilization systems.
  • Water and fertilizer parameter detection part measuring the water flow, pressure, pH, EC and main nutrient ion concentration of the irrigation machine to be tested.
  • the parameter detection part of the suction channel the mother liquor flow rate is measured by the weighing method.
  • Return channel parameter detection section measure and control the pressure and flow of the suction return channel.
  • the present invention directly or indirectly connects the changeover switch in the control loops of the respective solenoid valves and pump drive motors, and the control switch is also inserted in the "manual" branch of the irrigation zone control solenoid valve changeover switch.
  • the electric control system can realize the manual control, automatic control and automatic switching of irrigation district selection, water supply, fertilizer injection, nutrient solution preparation and irrigation/fertilization, so as to ensure partition irrigation and partition variable fertilization in manual mode.
  • the electrical control system is mainly composed of various motor circuit breakers, AC contactors, control relays, transfer switches, fuses, solid state relays and control switches.
  • intelligent measurement and control system is mainly composed of microcontroller and its peripheral interface circuit It is responsible for sending various control signals to the electrical control system according to the irrigation/fertilization mode and working parameters set by the operator, and detecting various working state parameters such as nutrient solution EC value, nutrient solution pH value and irrigation/fertilization flow rate in real time.
  • the irrigation/fertilization process is controlled automatically according to the set requirements.
  • multiple irrigation zone control mode changeover switches may be combined into one multi-section changeover switch; multiple suction control mode changeover switches may also be combined into one multi-section changeover switch; fertilization control mode transfer switch and irrigation
  • the control mode switch can also be combined into a multi-section switch.
  • the technical scheme of the invention effectively combines the concentration information of the nutrient solution and the nutrient solution to achieve the high-precision nutrient liquid dynamic allocation and simulate the irrigation zone load to meet the research and development process of the irrigation fertilization system in the aspects of irrigation, nutrient liquid dynamic deployment and nutrient solution disinfection. The requirements for the test system and so on.

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Abstract

一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置，主要由离心泵、压力传感器（22、29）、流量传感器（21、30）、离子浓度传感器和控制系统等组成，具有灌溉施肥、喷滴灌负载模拟、水肥参数检测、吸肥通道参数检测和回流通道参数检测等综合功能，在灌溉、营养液动态调配、营养液消毒等方面，有效地结合了检测营养液养分离子浓度信息，实现了高精度营养液动态调配和模拟灌区负载，满足了灌溉施肥系统研发过程中对试验系统的要求。该试验装置可用于设施农业精确灌溉和营养液精确调配技术的研究和系统的开发。

Description

一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置 技术领域
本发明涉及灌溉消毒一体化试验装置，属于现代农业精确灌溉领域，主要用于设施农业精确灌溉和营养液精确调配技术研究和系统开发。
背景技术
在灌溉、营养液动态调配、营养液消毒等方面，目前国外内均有商业化的技术解决方案和产品，但结合检测营养液养分离子浓度信息来实现高精度营养液动态调配、模拟灌区负载来满足灌溉施肥系统研发过程中试验系统的要求等方面国内外均没有相应的技术解决方案和产品。
灌溉施肥一体化试验装置是设施农业环境控制技术及装备研究方向的重点支撑设备，同时也是设施环境和作物生理信息检测技术及机理、设施作物生长发育和环境调控模型、设施栽培环境控制技术及装备等研究方向的基础性试验设备。
营养液灌溉施肥是设施农业中的关键技术之一，包括营养液浓度的调配和灌溉两个部分。营养液浓度的调配精度影响设施内作物的养分供应，灌溉量和灌溉时间影响作物的水份供应，直接影响作物的品质、产量、农业设施的效率和用户的经济效益。开展精确灌溉、精确施肥和营养液回收消毒等研究，对于提高设施农业效益、促进设施农业产业的发展，具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置，具有灌溉施肥、余液回收消毒、喷滴灌负载模拟、水肥参数检测、吸肥通道参数检测和回流通道参数检测等一体化功能，以实现设施农业精确灌溉和营养液精确调配。
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明采用的具体技术方案如下：一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置，其特征在于：由灌溉施肥管路、余液回收消毒管路、喷滴灌负载模拟管路、水肥参数检测管路、吸肥通道参数检测管路、回流通道参数检测管路和控制系统管路组成；
灌溉施肥管路由供水泵(2)、施肥控制电磁阀(3)、混肥灌(8)、灌溉泵(9)、灌溉控制电磁阀(10)依次连接；
喷滴灌负载模拟管路由控制比例阀(16)、控制测量待测灌溉机具A(6)和控制测量待测灌溉机具B(12)、压力传感器A(22)和压力传感器B(29)依次连接；
水肥参数检测管路由待测灌溉机具(17)、流量传感器A(21)和流量传感器B(30)、压力传感器A(22)和压力传感器(29)、pH传感器A(15)和pH传感器B(27)、EC传感器A(19)和EC传感器B(26)和主要营养元素离子浓度传送变换模块依次连接(14)；
在各个电磁阀、泵驱动电机的控制回路中都直接或间接地串接入有转换开关，在灌区控制电磁阀转换开关的“手动”支路中还串接入有控制开关，使电气控制系统可以实现灌区选择、供水、注肥、营养液配制和灌溉/施肥的手动控制、自动控制及其完全切换，从而保证手动模式下也能进行分区灌溉和分区变量施肥；电气控制系统主要由各种电机断路保护装置、交流接触器、控制继电器、转换开关、熔断器、固态继电器和控制开关等组成，主要负责供水泵电机(2)、灌溉泵电机(9)、混肥控制电磁阀(4)、施肥控制电磁阀(3)、灌溉控制电磁阀(10)、灌区控制电磁阀(13)和吸肥控制电磁阀(28)的控制以及手动/自动工作模式的切换；
智能测控系统主要由微控制器及其外围接口电路组成，负责根据操作人员设定的灌溉/施肥模式和工作参数，向电气控制系统发送各种控制信号，并实时检测营养液EC值、营养液pH值和灌溉/施肥流量等各种工作状态参数，以控制灌溉/施肥过程按照设定要求自动进行。
所述灌溉施肥管路具体为：水泵从实验室蓄水池给混肥罐供水，灌溉泵给灌区供水供肥，两者均采用变频调速方式控制管道压力和流量。
所述余液回收消毒管路为：收集2条栽培槽的营养液余液，经过过滤、消毒，暂存入储液箱，最后通过余液添加装置加入混肥罐；通过紫外线加臭氧的消毒方式进行消毒。
所述喷滴灌负载模拟管路为：通过控制比例阀，控制测量待测灌溉机具出水口压力，从而实现喷滴灌负载模拟；所述喷滴灌负载模拟功能实现对其他灌溉施肥系统的性能检测，为其他灌溉施肥系统的性能检测提供依据。
所述水肥参数监测管路用于测量待测灌溉机具出水流量、压力、pH、EC和主要营养元素离子浓度，以提高灌溉施肥的精度性和有效性。
所述吸肥通道参数检测管路采用称重法测量母液流量。
所述回流通道参数检测管路用于测量和控制吸肥回流通道压力和流量。
所述控制系统管路的主控系统采用工控机，采集和存储各参数，提供传感器和执行机构驱动程序；开放通信协议和控制协议；防护等级为IP65。
利用上述试验装置实现自动灌溉施肥机施肥环节的状态监测方法过程如下：自动灌溉施肥机施肥工作过程施肥环节的状态监测依靠流量计A(21)和流量计B(30)实现； 根据灌区控制的当前设置状态，可以知道当前的施肥区域及其大小，从而推算出理论施肥流量。通过流量计A(21)和流量计B(30)检测出实际施肥流量，与理论施肥流量进行比较，如果差值超过了预定限度，则必定是施肥环节出现了故障，立即进行紧急处理，并给出报警提示；如果差值在预定限度之内，则认为施肥环节工作正常。
本发明具有有益效果：一方面，本发明在灌溉、营养液动态调配等方面，有效地结合了检测营养液养分离子浓度信息来实现高精度营养液动态调配、模拟灌区负载，从而实现更加高效的灌溉施肥；另一方面，本发明可以为其它灌溉施肥装置提供性能检测，来满足灌溉施肥系统研发过程中对试验系统的要求等。
附图说明
图1是本发明的总体结构示意图。
图2是本发明的系统组成框图。
图3是本发明的电气控制原理图。
图中：1.水池，2.供水泵，3.施肥控制电磁阀，4、混肥控制电磁阀，5.液位控制阀，6.待测灌溉施肥机具A，7.闸阀A，8.混肥灌，9.灌溉泵，10.灌溉控制电磁阀，11.智能控制器，12.待测灌溉施肥机具B，13.灌区控制电磁阀，14.离子浓度传感变送模块，15.pH传感器A，16.比例阀，17.灌溉机具，18.过滤器，19.EC传感器A，20.闸阀B，21.流量传感器A，22.压力传感器A，23.过滤器，24.文丘里，25.电磁阀，26.EC传感器B，27.pH传感器B，28.吸肥控制电磁阀，29.压力传感器B，30.流量传感器B，31.转子流量计，32.过滤器A，33.过滤器B，34.闸阀C。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的具体实施过程作进一步说明。
本发明主要由供水泵2、压力传感器A22和压力传感器B29、流量传感器A21和流量传感器B30、离子浓度转换模块和控制系统等组成，具有灌溉施肥、余液回收消毒、喷滴灌负载模拟、水肥参数检测、吸肥通道参数检测和回流通道参数检测等功能。主要用于设施农业精确灌溉和营养液精确调配技术研究和系统开发。
本发明的总体结构示意图如图1所示，主要由离心泵、压力传感器、流量传感器、离子浓度传感器和控制系统等组成。系统组成框图如图2所示。
灌溉施肥一体化试验装置包括灌溉施肥管路、余液回收消毒管路、喷滴灌负载模拟管路、水肥参数检测管路、吸肥通道参数检测管路、回流通道参数检测管路、控制系统 管路。灌溉施肥管路包括水泵、施肥控制电磁阀、混肥灌、灌溉泵、闸阀等，并依次连通；喷滴灌负载模拟管路包括控制比例阀16、控制测量待测灌溉机具A6和待测灌溉机具B12、压力传感器A22和压力传感器B29；水肥参数检测管路包括待测灌溉机具17、流量传感器A21和流量传感器B30、压力传感器A22和压力传感器B29、pH传感器A15和pH传感器B27、EC传感器A19和EC传感器B26和主要营养元素离子浓度传送变换模块14。
本发明的电气控制原理如图3所示。电磁阀和各泵分别连接至电气控制系统，电气控制系统与智能测控系统相连，在各所述电磁阀、所述电机的控制回路中串接有控制模式转换开关，各控制模式转换开关具有手动和自动支路；灌区控制电磁阀连接固态继电器，固态继电器的输入回路中串有灌区控制模式转换开关，其自动档位支路连接智能测控系统的输出信号端、其手动支路中串接有灌区控制开关。由电磁器件控制电源、固态继电器的输入级、控制模式转换开关的自动支路和智能测控系统依次连接构成固态继电器自动控制回路；该控制回路中串接的控制模式转换开关分别是灌溉控制模式转换开关、施肥控制模式转换开关、混肥控制模式转换开关和吸肥控制模式转换开关。
由电磁器件控制电源、控制施肥泵的施肥泵启停控制继电器的线圈和施肥泵控制模式转换开关的手动支路依次连接构成施肥泵启停控制继电器的手动控制回路；由电磁器件控制电源、供水泵启停控制继电器的线圈、供水泵控制模式转换开关的自动支路和智能测控系统依次连接构成供水泵启停控制继电器的自动控制回路。
主要功能如下：灌溉施肥一体化试验装置包括灌溉施肥管路、余液回收消毒管路、喷滴灌负载模拟管路、水肥参数检测管路、吸肥通道参数检测管路、回流通道参数检测管路、控制系统管路，灌溉施肥管路包括供水泵2、施肥控制电磁阀3、混肥灌8、灌溉泵9、灌溉控制电磁阀10依次连通；
自动灌溉施肥机施肥工作过程施肥环节的状态监测主要依靠流量计A21和流量计B30实现。根据灌区控制的当前设置状态，可以知道当前的施肥区域及其大小，从而推算出理论施肥流量。通过流量计A21和流量计B30检测出实际施肥流量，与理论施肥流量进行比较，如果差值超过了预定限度，则必定是施肥环节出现了故障，立即进行紧急处理，并给出报警提示；如果差值在预定限度之内，则认为施肥环节工作正常。
本发明的灌溉施肥过程：水泵从实验室蓄水池给混肥罐供水，灌溉泵给灌区供水供肥，两者均采用变频调速方式控制管道压力和流量。
余液回收消毒部分：收集栽培槽(2条)营养液余液，经过过滤、消毒，暂存入储 液箱，最后通过余液添加装置加入混肥罐。本发明中的消毒是采用紫外线加臭氧的方式。
喷滴灌负载模拟部分：通过控制比例阀，控制测量待测灌溉机具出水口压力，从而实现喷滴灌负载模拟。该灌溉施肥一体化试验装置中喷滴灌负载模拟功能可以实现对其他灌溉施肥系统的性能检测，为其他灌溉施肥系统的性能检测提供依据。
水肥参数检测部分：测量待测灌溉机具出水流量、压力、pH、EC和主要营养元素离子浓度。
吸肥通道参数检测部分：采用称重法测量母液流量。
回流通道参数检测部分：测量和控制吸肥回流通道压力和流量。
综上所述，本发明在各个电磁阀、泵驱动电机的控制回路中都直接或间接地串入了转换开关，在灌区控制电磁阀转换开关的“手动”支路中还串入了控制开关，使电气控制系统可以实现灌区选择、供水、注肥、营养液配制和灌溉/施肥的手动控制、自动控制及其完全切换，从而保证手动模式下也能进行分区灌溉和分区变量施肥。电气控制系统主要由各种电机断路保护装置、交流接触器、控制继电器、转换开关、熔断器、固态继电器和控制开关等组成，主要负责供水泵电机2灌溉泵电机9、混肥控制电磁阀4、施肥控制电磁阀3、灌溉控制电磁阀10、灌区控制电磁阀13和吸肥控制电磁阀28的控制以及手动/自动工作模式的切换；智能测控系统主要由微控制器及其外围接口电路组成，负责根据操作人员设定的灌溉/施肥模式和工作参数，向电气控制系统发送各种控制信号，并实时检测营养液EC值、营养液pH值和灌溉/施肥流量等各种工作状态参数，以控制灌溉/施肥过程按照设定要求自动进行。
在以上具体实施方式中，多个灌区控制模式转换开关可以合并到一个多节转换开关中；多个吸肥控制模式转换开关也可以合并到一个多节转换开关中；施肥控制模式转换开关和灌溉控制模式转换开关也可以合并到一个多节转换开关中。
本发明的技术方案，在灌溉、营养液动态调配、营养液消毒等方面，有效地结合了检测营养液养分离子浓度信息来实现高精度营养液动态调配、模拟灌区负载来满足灌溉施肥系统研发过程中对试验系统的要求等方面。
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置，其特征在于：由灌溉施肥管路、余液回收消毒管路、喷滴灌负载模拟管路、水肥参数检测管路、吸肥通道参数检测管路、回流通道参数检测管路和控制系统管路组成；
    灌溉施肥管路由供水泵(2)、施肥控制电磁阀(3)、混肥灌(8)、灌溉泵(9)、灌溉控制电磁阀(10)依次连接；
    喷滴灌负载模拟管路由控制比例阀(16)、控制测量待测灌溉机具A(6)和控制测量待测灌溉机具B(12)、压力传感器A(22)和压力传感器B(29)依次连接；
    水肥参数检测管路由待测灌溉机具(17)、流量传感器A(21)和流量传感器B(30)、压力传感器A(22)和压力传感器(29)、pH传感器A(15)和pH传感器B(27)、EC传感器A(19)和EC传感器B(26)和主要营养元素离子浓度传送变换模块依次连接(14)；
    在各个电磁阀、泵驱动电机的控制回路中都直接或间接地串接入有转换开关，在灌区控制电磁阀转换开关的“手动”支路中还串接入有控制开关，使电气控制系统可以实现灌区选择、供水、注肥、营养液配制和灌溉/施肥的手动控制、自动控制及其完全切换，从而保证手动模式下也能进行分区灌溉和分区变量施肥；电气控制系统主要由各种电机断路保护装置、交流接触器、控制继电器、转换开关、熔断器、固态继电器和控制开关等组成，主要负责供水泵电机(2)、灌溉泵电机(9)、混肥控制电磁阀(4)、施肥控制电磁阀(3)、灌溉控制电磁阀(10)、灌区控制电磁阀(13)和吸肥控制电磁阀(28)的控制以及手动/自动工作模式的切换；
    智能测控系统主要由微控制器及其外围接口电路组成，负责根据操作人员设定的灌溉/施肥模式和工作参数，向电气控制系统发送各种控制信号，并实时检测营养液EC值、营养液pH值和灌溉/施肥流量等各种工作状态参数，以控制灌溉/施肥过程按照设定要求自动进行。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置，其特征在于所述灌溉施肥管路具体为：水泵从实验室蓄水池给混肥罐供水，灌溉泵给灌区供水供肥，两者均采用变频调速方式控制管道压力和流量。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置，其特征在于所述余液回收消毒管路为：收集2条栽培槽的营养液余液，经过过滤、消毒，暂存入储液箱，最后通过余液添加装置加入混肥罐；通过紫外线加臭氧的消毒方式进行消毒。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置，其特征在于所述喷滴灌负载模拟管路为：通过控制比例阀，控制测量待测灌溉机具出水口压力，从而实现喷滴灌负载模拟；所述喷滴灌负载模拟功能实现对其他灌溉施肥系统的性能检测，为其他灌溉施肥系统的性能检测提供依据。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置，其特征在于：
    所述水肥参数监测管路用于测量待测灌溉机具出水流量、压力、pH、EC和主要营养元素离子浓度，以提高灌溉施肥的精度性和有效性。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置，其特征在于：所述吸肥通道参数检测管路采用称重法测量母液流量。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置，其特征在于：所述回流通道参数检测管路用于测量和控制吸肥回流通道压力和流量。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种灌溉消毒一体化试验装置，其特征在于：所述控制系统管路的主控系统采用工控机，采集和存储各参数，提供传感器和执行机构驱动程序；开放通信协议和控制协议；防护等级为IP65。
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