WO2016173424A1 - 一种微波闪蒸工艺及其装置与应用 - Google Patents

一种微波闪蒸工艺及其装置与应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016173424A1
WO2016173424A1 PCT/CN2016/079611 CN2016079611W WO2016173424A1 WO 2016173424 A1 WO2016173424 A1 WO 2016173424A1 CN 2016079611 W CN2016079611 W CN 2016079611W WO 2016173424 A1 WO2016173424 A1 WO 2016173424A1
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Prior art keywords
microwave
evaporation
chamber
evaporation chamber
liquid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/079611
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
巨少华
彭金辉
郭战永
陈华
孙俊
郭胜惠
刘超
许磊
代林晴
张利华
田时泓
Original Assignee
昆明理工大学
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Priority claimed from CN201520268166.1U external-priority patent/CN204767453U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201510210815.7A external-priority patent/CN104860462B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201510211058.5A external-priority patent/CN104857734B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201520268201.XU external-priority patent/CN204675941U/zh
Application filed by 昆明理工大学 filed Critical 昆明理工大学
Priority to US15/515,460 priority Critical patent/US10632396B2/en
Publication of WO2016173424A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016173424A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0017—Use of electrical or wave energy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/08—Radiation
    • A61L2/12—Microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/16—Evaporating by spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/16—Evaporating by spraying
    • B01D1/20—Sprayers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
    • B01D1/305—Demister (vapour-liquid separation)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0064—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes
    • B08B7/0071—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/302—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with microwaves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of chemical industry, and particularly relates to a microwave flashing process, a device and an application thereof.
  • evaporation is one of the most energy-consuming operating units. This unit is widely used in the fields of seawater desalination, wastewater treatment, chemical crystallization and so on.
  • evaporation is a technique in which a solution is used to condense and concentrate a portion of a water or a volatile solvent therein by boiling in a boiling state. Therefore, the evaporation process is a heat transfer process, and the heat transfer efficiency and rate are the control steps of the evaporation process.
  • the evaporation energy consumption accounts for about 20-25% of the total production energy consumption
  • the evaporation cost accounts for 10-12% of the total production cost. It can be seen that the improvement of the efficiency of the evaporation process and the reduction of energy consumption play an important role in promoting the development of metallurgy and chemical industry.
  • the evaporation equipment can be divided into single-effect, multi-effect, secondary vapor compression and multi-stage flash type, multi-effect multi-stage flash type and the like.
  • the single-effect evaporation efficiency is low, and in order to increase the evaporation efficiency, the evaporation device gradually develops toward multi-effect evaporation.
  • the multi-effect evaporation system is more complicated. Three-effect evaporation requires three pumps, three evaporation cans, and three sets of heat exchange systems, and these devices all require high temperature and pressure resistance, and the manufacturing cost is high. In addition, due to the higher temperature of the latter effect solution, the corrosion and damage of the pump valve may be caused, thereby further increasing the running cost.
  • the heat required for evaporation is mainly derived from heat exchange.
  • the heat source usually used is a steam heat exchange method; regardless of the heat exchanger used, there is a large heat loss.
  • the heat exchanger needs to withstand the high temperature and high pressure impact of hot steam and the corrosion of materials, which has a serious impact on the stable operation of the equipment.
  • the impurity component in the solution is liable to cause fouling on the wall surface of the heat exchanger, so that the heat exchange efficiency is drastically lowered, and the energy consumption level rises sharply.
  • the liquid liquid flows into the flash chamber and the evaporation chamber in a liquid column, and the gas-liquid specific surface area is small, and the liquid The water molecules inside the column or large droplets are difficult to evaporate due to the binding of surrounding molecules.
  • the droplets require energy to allow more water molecules to escape as vapor, but at this point convective heat transfer and heat transfer are unable to transfer energy to the droplets. Therefore, the development of a new type of energy-saving, high-efficiency short-flow new evaporation technology and system has important theoretical and practical significance for the metallurgical, chemical, environmental protection and other industries.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a microwave flashing process; a second object is to provide an apparatus for implementing the microwave flashing process; and a third object is to provide an application of the microwave flashing process.
  • the first object of the present invention is achieved by the above-mentioned microwave flashing process integrating liquid spray, droplet flashing, microwave strengthening, vacuum exhausting technology, specifically by microwave coupling, in a first-stage microwave flashing condition
  • the effect of conventional multi-effect evaporation and flashing is achieved, and a microwave in-situ energy transfer system is formed to avoid serious corrosion of the circulating pump and steam heat exchange system under high temperature and high pressure and severe conditions, heat exchanger fouling, and evaporation. effectiveness.
  • the invention can also add microwave simulation to optimize the design of the flash cavity, and exert the maximum efficiency of the microwave.
  • the position of the feed port can be optimized, and the problem that the microwave field is evenly distributed, resonated and mutually strengthened in the cavity can be solved; secondly, each feed can be optimized.
  • the microwave energy input power of the mouth solves the temperature gradient distribution problem of the flash bed.
  • a second object of the present invention is achieved by the microwave flashing apparatus comprising a raw material tank, a liquid droplet generating apparatus, a microwave evaporation apparatus, and an evaporation water recovery apparatus
  • the liquid droplet generating apparatus includes Material pump, control valve and high pressure nozzle
  • microwave evaporation device includes magnetron, defoamer, thermocouple, steam outlet, evaporation tank, control valve, discharge pump, evaporation bed, liquid outlet, shaft, bearing and seal
  • the evaporative water recovery device comprises a steam condenser, a distilled water collecting tank and a vacuum pump.
  • the raw material tank discharge port is sequentially connected with the feed pump, the control valve and the high pressure nozzle pipe, and the high pressure nozzle is inserted from the side of the evaporation tank through the pipe to the upper end of the evaporation can. , uniformly arrange the magnetron around the outside of the evaporation can, steam
  • the hair tank is installed with a number of thermocouples according to the actual situation.
  • the evaporation bed is provided below the high-pressure nozzle inside the evaporation tank through the rotating shaft, the bearing and the sealing ring.
  • the evaporation bed can be adjusted from 0° to 90° through the rotating shaft, and the liquid material is provided at the bottom of the evaporation tank.
  • the outlet, the liquid outlet is connected with two pipes, one pipe is directly connected to the control valve, and the other pipe is connected to the high pressure nozzle pipe through a control valve.
  • the upper part of the evaporation can is provided with a demister, and the top of the evaporation can is provided with a steam outlet.
  • the steam outlets are in turn connected to a steam condenser, a distilled water collection tank, and a vacuum pump line.
  • the invention also includes another type of device, which is to set the raw material tank on the top of the flashing chamber, and use the height difference and the vacuum degree of the flashing chamber to pump the solution into the flashing chamber to spray, thereby eliminating Pressure pump to further reduce energy consumption;
  • the frequency of using microwave at the same time may be 2450 ⁇ 50MHz, 915 ⁇ 50MHz or 5800 ⁇ 50MHz; multiple low-power magnetron combinations may be used, and one or several high-power magnetrons may be used to input microwave energy;
  • the third object of the present invention is achieved in that the microwave flashing process can be applied to wastewater treatment, seawater desalination, Bayer process, mother liquor evaporative concentration, chemical product concentration crystallization, solution sterilization, solution degreasing, different organic mixing. Solution distillation separation, solid powder sterilization, degreasing and drying.
  • Microwave is an electromagnetic wave that can transmit energy quickly and in situ. It is also a new type of energy that is green, fast, efficient and easy to control. The characteristics of microwave action are:
  • microwave heating exhibits selective heating characteristics due to differences in dielectric loss factors of various materials.
  • the water molecules in the material are polar molecules with a large dielectric constant, a large dielectric loss factor, and strong absorption capacity for microwaves.
  • the microwave has a longer wavelength and better penetration. When the microwave penetrates into the medium, the temperature of the medium increases due to the loss of the medium, so that the inside and the outside of the dielectric material are heated at almost the same time to form a body heat source state, which greatly shortens the heat conduction time in the conventional heating.
  • the invention aims at the key problems of low heat exchange efficiency, easy scaling, high investment cost, long equipment flow and high energy consumption in the existing evaporation device and process, and is intended to integrate liquid spray, droplet flashing, microwave strengthening, high vacuum arranging. Steam and other methods to develop a new short-flow evaporation technology.
  • the device cavity is large, the evaporation energy of the droplet is supplied in situ by the microwave in the flash chamber, so that the fouling problem of the evaporator can be completely avoided, and the heat transfer efficiency is effectively improved.
  • the liquid droplet surface area is large, the surface free energy of the gas-liquid interface molecule is high, the degree of freedom is large, and the droplets are well absorptive; the characteristics of microwave selective dehydration are fully exerted, and the droplet concentration is rapidly increased;
  • Microwave heating has a unique advantage: it can form dielectric loss inside the material through space transmission instead of contact, causing the rotation and friction of the material molecules, heating the material quickly, and having the characteristics of body heating and selective heating.
  • Water has a very strong absorption capacity for microwaves, and can be quickly heated by the energy supplied by the microwave. This is very beneficial to the boiling point of the evaporation material in the evaporation process to reach the boiling point under the corresponding vacuum degree, and strengthen the evaporation process.
  • the temperature in the microwave flash chamber is highly controllable.
  • the temperature in the chamber can be increased to several hundred ° C.
  • the temperature in the chamber can be controlled to several tens of degrees (°C). ).
  • the droplets quickly absorb heat after entering the high temperature environment, and after reaching the boiling point, the cleaned water is evaporated.
  • multi-microwave source coupling or high-power single-source microwave
  • the effect of conventional multi-effect evaporation and flashing can be achieved under the condition of first-stage microwave flashing, and the circulating pump and steam heat exchange system between effects can be eliminated.
  • the equipment is greatly simplified, greatly reducing equipment and site investment.
  • a multi-layer heat absorbing disc is added indoors to solve the problem that the droplets stay in the microwave cavity for a short time.
  • the temperature of each absorbing disk is increased by a certain gradient, thereby The multi-stage flashing effect is very convenient in the flash chamber.
  • a droplet micro-system for microwave in-situ energy transfer is formed, which can avoid serious corrosion problems of circulating pump and steam heat exchange system under high temperature and high pressure severe conditions, heat exchanger fouling, saving operation cost, and effectively improving heat transfer efficiency;
  • the existing energy supply mode of the evaporation system is: coal-steam-heat exchanger-heating of the liquid to be evaporated, resulting in high energy utilization efficiency and carbon emissions affecting the environment.
  • the system is: electric-heat-absorbing plate-heat exchange in the evaporation process, eliminating the heat exchanger of high temperature and high pressure, the energy input and evaporation process are completed in one chamber, and the energy can be supplied in situ when energy is required for evaporation;
  • the microwave energy supply is not limited by factors such as temperature and pressure like steam heat exchange, and can supply a large amount of energy required for evaporation.
  • the equipment can use the liquid to suck into the flash chamber from the top by gravity and negative pressure, thereby eliminating various power pumps and further reducing energy consumption.
  • the invention aims at the key problems of low heat exchange efficiency, easy scaling, high investment cost, long equipment flow and high energy consumption in the existing evaporation device and process, and is intended to integrate liquid spray, droplet flashing, microwave strengthening, high vacuum arranging. Steam and other technologies to purify wastewater containing heavy metal ions. Through the research of this project, the development of short-flow new technology is expected to realize the upgrading of the evaporation process industry.
  • the energy consumption index in the evaporation process of the invention is that 10 to 40 kilograms (Kg) of water can be evaporated per kilowatt hour (KW ⁇ h), and the energy consumption is low, thereby fundamentally solving the existing evaporation device and process energy consumption. High problem.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a microwave flashing process device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an evaporation can of the microwave flashing process device of the present invention
  • Figure 1 and Figure 2 1 - raw material tank, 2-feed pump, 3- magnetron (ie microwave source), 4-demister, 5-thermocouple, 6-steam outlet, 7-evaporation tank, 8-vapor condenser, 9-distilled water collection tank, 10-vacuum pump, 11-control valve, 12-high pressure nozzle, 13-discharge pump, 14-evaporation bed, 15-liquid outlet, 16-axis, 17-bearing , 18-seal ring;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a microwave enhanced evaporation chamber of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a microwave feed port on a microwave enhanced evaporation chamber of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 and Figure 4 1-evaporation chamber, 2-microwave source, 3-to-concentrate inlet, 4-vapor outlet, 5-concentrate outlet, 6-demister, 7-high pressure nozzle, 8, 9- Thermocouple, 10-quartz glass, 11-insulation layer;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a microwave rapid evaporation chamber according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a microwave feed port on a microwave rapid evaporation chamber of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 and Figure 6 1-Steam temperature measuring device, 2-vapor outlet, 3-insulation layer, 4-feed port, 5-microwave source, 6, 7-plate plate evaporation bed, 8-drop dispersion Orifice plate, 9-liquid outlet, 10-deaerator, 11-concentrated liquid temperature measuring device;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a microwave efficient evaporation chamber of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a microwave feed port on a microwave efficient evaporation chamber of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 and Figure 8 1-Steam temperature measuring device, 2-vapor outlet, 3-insulation layer, 4-demister, 5-spray, 6-microwave source, 7-evaporation bed, 8-feed outlet, 9-concentrated liquid temperature measuring device, 10-feed inlet;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the process flow of wastewater treatment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for treating wastewater by a microwave flashing process of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a partial schematic view showing the evaporation chamber of the apparatus for treating wastewater in the microwave flashing process of the present invention
  • Figure 10 and Figure 11 1-raw material tank, 2-purifier, 3-microwave source, 4-demister, 5-heat Galvanic I, 6-vapor outlet, 7-high pressure nozzle, 8-evaporation chamber, 9-porous absorbing evaporation bed, 10-vapor condenser, 11-distilled water collection tank, 12-vacuum pump, 13-control valve I, 14 - Control valve II, 15- discharge pump, 16-concentrated liquid outlet, 17-thermocouple II, 18-control valve III, 19-feed pump, 20-evaporation bed fixed table, 21-hole;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a process flow of desalinating seawater by a microwave flashing process of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for desalinating seawater by a microwave flashing process of the present invention
  • Figure 13 1- raw material tank, 2-feed pump, 3-magnetron (ie microwave source), 4-demister, 5-thermocouple, 6-steam outlet, 7-insulation, 8-steam Condenser, 9-distilled water collection tank, 10-vacuum pump, 11-control valve, 12-high pressure nozzle, 13-control valve, 14-discharge pump, 15-evaporation bed, 16-thermocouple, 17-control valve;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing a process flow of a liquid flash evaporation process applied by a microwave flash evaporation process and a mother liquor obtained by decomposing a mother liquor of a Bayer process;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the process flow of the sterilization process of the microwave flashing process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for sterilizing a microwave flashing process of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 1- raw liquid tank, 2-control valve, 3-thermocouple, 4-microwave generator (ie microwave source), 5-first microwave sterilization chamber, 6-thermocouple, 7-pressure regulator, 8- High pressure nozzle, 9-second microwave sterilization chamber, 10-control valve, 11-discharge pump, 12-control valve, 13-feed pump;
  • microwave generator ie microwave source
  • 5-first microwave sterilization chamber 6-thermocouple
  • 6-thermocouple 7-pressure regulator
  • 8- High pressure nozzle 8- High pressure nozzle
  • 9-second microwave sterilization chamber 10-control valve, 11-discharge pump, 12-control valve, 13-feed pump;
  • 17 is a microwave simulation optimized multimode flash cavity of the present invention: a single feed port microwave heating SiC ceramic plate;
  • FIG. 19 is a simulation result of the microwave simulation optimized multi-mode flash cavity of the present invention under the conditions of double feed port and multiple evaporation bed.
  • the microwave flashing process of the invention integrates liquid spray, droplet flashing, microwave strengthening, vacuum exhausting technology, specifically by microwave coupling, under the condition of first-stage microwave flashing, to achieve conventional multi-effect evaporation and flashing
  • the effect of steaming and the formation of a microwave in-situ energy transfer system avoids severe corrosion of the circulating pump and steam heat exchange system under high temperature and high pressure conditions, heat exchanger fouling, and improves evaporation efficiency.
  • the invention can also add microwave simulation to optimize the design of the flash cavity, and exert the maximum efficiency of the microwave.
  • the position of the feed port can be optimized, and the problem that the microwave field is evenly distributed, resonated and mutually strengthened in the cavity can be solved; secondly, each feed can be optimized.
  • the microwave energy input power of the mouth solves the temperature gradient distribution problem of the flash bed.
  • the device of the microwave flashing process of the present invention is a microwave-evaporating device, comprising a raw material tank 1, a droplet generating device, a microwave evaporating device and an evaporating water recovery device, and the liquid droplet generating device comprises a feed pump 2, a control valve 11 and The high pressure nozzle 12, the microwave evaporation device comprises a magnetron 3, a demister 4, a thermocouple 5, a steam outlet 6, an evaporation tank 7, a control valve, a discharge pump 13, an evaporation bed 14, a liquid outlet 15, a shaft 16,
  • the bearing 17 and the sealing ring 18, the evaporating water recovery device comprises a steam condenser 8, a distilled water collecting tank 9 and a vacuum pump 10, and the discharging port of the raw material tank 1 is sequentially connected with the feeding pump 2, the control valve and the high pressure nozzle 12, and the high pressure nozzle 12
  • the upper end of the evaporation can 7 is inserted from the side of the evaporation can 7 through
  • the evaporation can 7 is installed with a plurality of thermocouples 5 according to actual conditions, and the internal high pressure nozzle 12 of the evaporation canister 7 passes underneath.
  • the rotating shaft 16, the bearing 17 and the sealing ring 18 are provided with an evaporation bed 14, and the evaporation bed 14 can be adjusted through the rotating shaft 16 in the range of 0° to 90°, and the bottom of the evaporation tank 7 is provided with the liquid material outlet 15, the liquid liquid outlet 15 and the two pipes. Connection, one The pipeline is directly connected to the control valve, and the other pipeline is connected to the pipeline of the high pressure nozzle 12 through a control valve.
  • the upper part of the evaporation tank 7 is provided with a demister 4, the top of the evaporation tank 7 is provided with a steam outlet 6, and the steam outlet 6 is sequentially connected with a steam condenser.
  • the invention also includes another type of device, which is to set the raw material tank on the top of the flashing chamber, and use the height difference and the vacuum degree of the flashing chamber to pump the solution into the flashing chamber to spray, thereby eliminating Pressure pump to further reduce energy consumption;
  • the frequency of simultaneous use of microwaves can be 2450 ⁇ 50 MHz, 915 ⁇ 50 MHz or 5800 ⁇ 50 MHz; multiple low power magnetron combinations can be used, and one or several high power magnetrons can be used to input microwave energy.
  • An insulation layer is disposed between the evaporation can 7 and the magnetron 3.
  • the high pressure nozzle 12 is processed by a PTFE modified reinforced plastic king.
  • the evaporation bed 14 is made of a silicon absorbing ceramic material made of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum borosilicate, barium titanate, clay or carbon black.
  • the evaporation can 7 is a microwave enhanced evaporation chamber, a microwave rapid evaporation chamber or a microwave high efficiency evaporation chamber.
  • the microwave enhanced evaporation chamber comprises an evaporation chamber 1, a microwave source 2, a concentrate inlet 3, a steam outlet 4, a concentrate outlet 5, a demister 6 and a high pressure nozzle 7, and the microwave source 2 is mounted on the evaporation chamber 1.
  • One end of the evaporation chamber 1 is provided with a steam outlet 4, a demister 6, a concentrate inlet 3 and a high pressure nozzle 7, and the other end of the evaporation chamber is provided with a concentrate outlet 5.
  • the material of the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 1 is corrosion-resistant stainless steel, which becomes a multi-mode reflector under microwave irradiation, and is a rapid heating, boiling and evaporation concentration of the solution.
  • the outer wall of the evaporation chamber 1 is provided with a heat insulating layer.
  • the insulation layer is heat insulation cotton, heat preservation mud or brick.
  • the vapor outlet 4 end of the evaporation chamber 1 and the concentrated liquid outlet 5 end are both provided with a thermocouple, and are connected to the microwave generator, and are controlled by the MCU monolithically to realize on-line adjustment of the microwave power.
  • the steam outlet 4 is connected to a vacuum device to enhance evaporation.
  • the microwave source 2 is disposed at an upper portion of the concentrated liquid outlet 5 end of the evaporation chamber 1 to a middle portion of the evaporation chamber 1, and the microwave enters the evaporation chamber 1 through the microwave feed port 10 of the evaporation chamber 1 to supply energy required for evaporation.
  • the microwave feed port is composed of stainless steel flange, glass glue or PTFE gasket and quartz glass or other wave-transparent sealing material, such as wave-transparent ceramic, and the sealing strength is -0.1-1Mpa, which can reach 1MPa.
  • the microwave rapid evaporation chamber comprises a steam temperature measuring device 1, a steam outlet 2, an insulating layer 3, a feeding port 4, a microwave source 5, a sieve plate evaporation bed 6, 7, a droplet dispersion orifice plate 8, a liquid material
  • the outlet 9, the demister 10 and the concentrated solution temperature measuring device 11, the insulating layer 3 is disposed on the outer wall of the evaporation chamber, the microwave source 5 is disposed on the evaporation chamber, and the vapor outlet 2 is provided at one end of the evaporation chamber.
  • the demister 10 and the feed port 4; the other end of the evaporation chamber is provided with a liquid outlet 9 and a liquid temperature measuring device 11, and a sieve-shaped evaporation bed is sequentially arranged from the end of the liquid outlet 9 to the middle of the evaporation chamber. 6, 7 and droplet dispersion orifice plate 8.
  • the inner wall material of the evaporation chamber is made of stainless steel. After optimizing the design of the feed port, the microwave is input to form a multi-mode resonant cavity, so that the solution is rapidly heated, boiled and concentrated by evaporation.
  • the material of the sieve plate evaporation beds 6, 7 is absorbing ceramic, and the pore diameter on the sieve plate evaporation beds 6, 7 is 0.1-20 mm.
  • the material of the droplet dispersion orifice plate 8 is a non-absorbent ceramic material, and the pore diameter on the droplet dispersion orifice plate 8 is 0.1-20 mm.
  • the microwave source 5 is disposed at an upper portion of the liquid outlet 9 end of the evaporation chamber to a middle portion of the evaporation chamber, and the microwave enters the evaporation chamber through the microwave feed port of the evaporation chamber to supply energy required for evaporation.
  • the microwave feed port is composed of a stainless steel flange, a polytetrafluoroethylene or silica gel gasket and quartz glass.
  • the microwave high-efficiency evaporation chamber comprises a steam temperature measuring device 1, a steam outlet 2, a heat insulating layer 3, a demister 4, a spray head 5, a microwave source 6, an evaporation bed 7, a liquid outlet 8, and a temperature measurement of the liquid after concentration.
  • the feed port 10 the heat insulation layer 3 is disposed on the outer wall of the evaporation chamber, and the microwave source 6 is disposed on the evaporation chamber, and is steamed
  • One end of the cavity is provided with a steam outlet 2, a steam temperature measuring device 1, a demister 4 and a feeding port 10, and a nozzle 5 is arranged at the end of the feeding port 10;
  • the other end of the evaporation chamber is provided with a liquid outlet 8 and a temperature measurement of the liquid
  • the evaporator 9 is provided with an evaporation bed 7 from the end of the liquid outlet 8 to the middle of the evaporation chamber.
  • the inner wall material of the evaporation chamber is made of stainless steel. After optimizing the position and the number of the microwave feed ports, a multi-mode resonant cavity is formed under the action of microwaves to rapidly heat, boil and evaporate the solution.
  • the steam outlet 2 is connected to a vacuum device to enhance evaporation.
  • the microwave source 6 is disposed at an upper portion of the liquid outlet 8 of the evaporation chamber to a middle portion of the evaporation chamber, and the microwave enters the evaporation chamber through the microwave feed port of the evaporation chamber to supply energy required for evaporation.
  • the microwave feed port is composed of a stainless steel flange, a glass glue or a PTFE gasket and a quartz glass or other wave-transparent sealing material, such as a wave-transparent ceramic, and the sealing strength is -0.1 to 1 MPa, which can reach 1 MPa.
  • microwave flashing process of the present invention is that the microwave flashing process can be applied to wastewater treatment, seawater desalination, Bayer process, mother liquor evaporation concentration, chemical product concentration crystallization, solution sterilization, solution degreasing, different organic Mixed solution distillation separation, solid powder sterilization, degreasing and drying.
  • the wastewater treatment is treating wastewater containing heavy metal ions, and specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 pressure adjustment: firstly through the vacuum pump to control the pressure of the evaporation chamber and the steam condenser to 0.01 ⁇ 0.03Mpa;
  • Step 2 purifying: adding waste water containing heavy metal ions to the raw material tank, and purifying the raw material tank to remove large particles or agglomerated impurities in the wastewater containing heavy metal ions;
  • Step 3 Drip formation and film formation: the waste water containing heavy metal ions is then removed through the feed pump and the high pressure spray head, so that the heavy metal ion-containing wastewater forms droplets having a particle size of 1 to 3 mm into the evaporation chamber, during the droplet drop process. Absorbing microwave concentration, when the droplet reaches the porous absorbing evaporation bed in the evaporation chamber to form a liquid film and a droplet;
  • Step 4 Microwave evaporation: while performing step 3, the microwave source of the evaporation chamber is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation chamber are directly heated by the microwave, and the microwave energy is absorbed by the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed, indirectly Water vapor is obtained from the hydrothermal film and the entire evaporation chamber;
  • Step 5 Product collection: After the water vapor obtained in step 4 passes through the deaerator, it quickly escapes from the evaporation chamber by the negative pressure method, enters the steam condenser for condensation, and the condensed water is recovered by the distilled water collection tank to obtain distilled water, and is concentrated. Containing a heavy metal solution;
  • Step 6 Recycling of the product: the distilled water recovered is used as the wet water or the boiler washing water for each section of the wet smelting process.
  • the concentrated heavy metal solution is directly returned to the electrolysis process to recover the metal ions, and the alkali neutralized precipitate is used to precipitate the heavy metal hydroxide.
  • the metal salt is recovered by recovery in the form of carbonate or by secondary microwave evaporation.
  • the seawater desalination includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 pressure regulation: using a vacuum pump to control the pressure in the evaporation chamber at 0.01-0.03 MPa;
  • Step 2 Liquid liquid dripping and film forming: After completing step 1, the seawater is passed through a feed pump and a high pressure spray head to cause seawater to form droplets having a particle size of 1 to 3 mm into the evaporation chamber, and when the droplets fall on the evaporation bed Forming a liquid film;
  • Step 3 microwave evaporation: while performing step 2, the microwave source around the evaporation chamber is turned on, the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation chamber are directly heated by the microwave, and the microwave energy is absorbed by the evaporation bed, and the liquid film and the entire evaporation chamber are indirectly heated;
  • Step 4 Product collection: After the evaporated water vapor passes through the demister, it quickly escapes from the flash chamber through the negative pressure mode, enters the steam condenser for condensation, and the condensed water is recovered through the collection tank, and at the same time, the concentrated seawater is obtained.
  • the evaporation of the seawater and the mother liquor obtained by decomposing the mother liquor of the Bayer process for evaporation concentration include the following steps:
  • Step 1 pressure adjustment: firstly through the vacuum pump to control the pressure of the microwave evaporation device and the evaporative water recovery device to 0.01 ⁇ 0.03Mpa;
  • Step 2 Drip: Add seawater or Bayer seed mother liquor to the raw material tank, then sea water or Bayer The mother liquor of the method is passed through the feed pump and the high-pressure nozzle, so that the seawater or the Bayer seed mother liquid forms droplets having a particle diameter of 1 to 3 mm and enters the evaporation tank;
  • Step 3 forming a film: dropping the droplet obtained in step 2 into an evaporation bed in the evaporation can to form a liquid film;
  • Step 4 Microwave evaporation: while performing steps 2 and 3, the magnetron of the evaporation can is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation can are directly heated by the microwave, while the evaporation bed absorbs the microwave energy, indirectly heating the liquid film and the whole Obtaining water vapor from the evaporation can;
  • Step 5 product collection: after the water vapor obtained in step 4 passes through the deaerator, it quickly escapes from the evaporation tank by means of negative pressure, enters the steam condenser for condensation, and the condensed water is recovered by the distilled water collection tank to obtain distilled water, and is concentrated. Seawater or concentrated Bayer seed mother liquor.
  • the sterilization includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Microwave sterilization: the fluid is heated by microwave in a microwave sterilization chamber to 50-95 ° C, and the sterilization time is 1 to 10 min;
  • Step 2 Microwave secondary sterilization: After completing one sterilization, it is subjected to secondary sterilization:
  • Pressure regulation the pressure in the sterilization chamber is controlled to be 0.27 ⁇ 0.36MPa by using a pressure regulating valve and sterile air;
  • step 2) Fluid spraying: After completing step 1), the bacteria-containing fluid is passed through a feeding pump and a high-pressure nozzle to uniformly distribute droplets having a particle size of about 1 to 3 mm in the sterilization chamber;
  • step 2) the microwave source around the evaporation chamber is turned on, and the microwave directly acts directly on the droplets in the sterilization chamber, and the rapid sterilization is performed by the thermal effect and non-thermal effect of the microwave, wherein the temperature of the sterilization chamber is controlled at 130. ⁇ 140 ° C, the residence time of the droplets in the secondary sterilization chamber is 0.5 to 1.5 s;
  • Step 3 Product collection: The fluid after microwave sterilization is collected by a collection tank.
  • the solid powder sterilization, degreasing and drying comprise the following steps:
  • Step 1 the solid powder is uniformly sent from the top to the bottom into the flash chamber
  • Step 2 rapid heating by microwave to reach a set temperature
  • Step 3 The cell wall of the bacteria in the powder is destroyed by microwave electromagnetic vibration, and the cell liquid is selectively heated and dried by the microwave, thereby deactivating the cells; under high vacuum, the water and oil in the powder reach a boiling point and then evaporate rapidly. ;
  • Step 4 Product collection: The solid powder after microwave sterilization, degreasing or drying is sent out to the flash tank and collected by cooling.
  • the apparatus for treating wastewater containing heavy metal ions by microwave cleaning comprises a raw material tank 1, a purifier 2, a microwave source 3, a demister 4, a thermocouple, a steam outlet 6, a high pressure nozzle 7, and evaporation.
  • Room 8 porous absorbing evaporation bed 9, steam condenser 10, distilled water collection tank 11, vacuum pump 12, control valve, discharge pump 15, concentrated liquid outlet 16, feed pump 19, evaporation bed fixing table 20 and holes 21
  • the raw material tank 1 is connected to the high pressure spray head 7 through the feed pump 19 and the control valve III18 in sequence.
  • the lower part of the raw material tank 1 is provided with a purifier 2, and the high pressure spray head 7 passes through the side of the evaporation chamber 8 to reach the inside of the evaporation chamber 8, and evaporates.
  • the top and bottom of the chamber 8 are respectively provided with a steam outlet 6 and a concentrated liquid outlet 16, and the concentrated liquid outlet 16 is divided into two pipes by a discharge pump 15, one pipe is connected to the control valve I13, and the other pipe is returned to the high pressure through the control valve II14.
  • the nozzle 7 is pipelined, and the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 is installed under the high pressure nozzle 7 inside the evaporation chamber 8 through the evaporation bed fixing table 20.
  • the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 is provided with a hole 21 on the surface thereof, and the demister 4 is arranged on the upper portion of the evaporation chamber 8 to evaporate Thermocouple around room 8
  • the microwave source 3 the thermocouple I5 is inserted into the top of the evaporation chamber 8, and the thermocouple II17 is inserted from the side of the evaporation chamber 8 against the porous absorbing evaporation bed 9, and the steam outlet 6 is sequentially connected with the steam condenser 10, the distilled water collecting tank 11, and the vacuum pump. 12 connections.
  • the high-pressure nozzle 7 is made of PTFE modified reinforced plastic king, which has excellent temperature resistance (-200 to +260 ° C), corrosion resistance, aging resistance, water resistance, and machinability; At the same time, it is that the wave-transparent material does not absorb microwaves substantially, thereby ensuring uniformity of microwave space in the evaporation chamber under multi-mode radiation; steaming
  • the insulating chamber 8 and the microwave source 3 are provided with an insulating layer, the insulating layer material is mainly insulating cotton; the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 is made of silicon carbide absorbing ceramic material; the hole 21 has a pore diameter of 1 mm.
  • Step 1 pressure adjustment: firstly through the vacuum pump 12 to control the pressure of the evaporation chamber 8 and the steam condenser 10 to 0.01Mpa;
  • Step 2 Purification: 30 L of Zn2 + 1 mg/L heavy metal ion wastewater is added to the raw material tank 1, and the purifier 2 of the raw material tank 1 removes large particles of sand and gravel impurities in the heavy metal ion-containing wastewater to prevent the droplet impurities from blocking the high-pressure nozzle 7 and worn pipes;
  • Step 3 Drip formation and film formation: the waste water containing heavy metal ions is then removed through the feed pump 19 and the high pressure spray head 7, so that the heavy metal ion-containing wastewater forms droplets having a particle size of 3 mm into the evaporation chamber 8, during the droplet drop process.
  • the medium absorbs the microwave to concentrate, and when the liquid droplet reaches the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 in the evaporation chamber 8, a liquid film and a liquid droplet are formed;
  • Step 4 Microwave evaporation: while performing step 3, the microwave source 3 of the evaporation chamber 8 is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation chamber 8 are directly heated by the microwave, and the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 absorbs microwave energy and indirectly heats.
  • the liquid film and the entire evaporation chamber 8 obtain water vapor; wherein the microwave source 3 has a microwave power of 800 W and a frequency of 2.45 GHz;
  • Step 5 Product collection: After the water vapor obtained in step 4 passes through the demister 4, it is quickly escaped from the evaporation chamber 8 by a negative pressure method, and is condensed into the steam condenser 10, and the condensed water is recovered by the distilled water collection tank 11 to obtain 28.3. L distilled water, and obtain 1.4L concentrated heavy metal containing solution, the results are shown in Table 1; Step 6, product recycling: recovered distilled water as wet smelting of each section of dilution water or boiler rinse water, concentrated heavy metals The solution is directly returned to the electrolysis process to recover metal ions or subjected to secondary microwave evaporation crystallization to form a metal salt crystal recovery.
  • the apparatus for treating wastewater containing heavy metal ions by microwave cleaning comprises a raw material tank 1, a purifier 2, a microwave source 3, a demister 4, a thermocouple, a steam outlet 6, a high pressure nozzle 7, and evaporation.
  • Room 8 porous absorbing evaporation bed 9, steam condenser 10, distilled water collection tank 11, vacuum pump 12, control valve, discharge pump 15, concentrated liquid outlet 16, feed pump 19, evaporation bed fixing table 20 and holes 21
  • the raw material tank 1 is connected to the high pressure spray head 7 through the feed pump 19 and the control valve pipeline in sequence.
  • the lower part of the raw material tank 1 is provided with a purifier 2, and the high pressure spray head 7 passes through the side of the evaporation chamber 8 to reach the inside of the evaporation chamber 8, and the evaporation chamber 8 is provided with a steam outlet 6 and a concentrated liquid outlet 16 respectively at the top and the bottom, and the concentrated liquid outlet 16 is divided into two pipes by a discharge pump 15, one pipe is connected to the control valve, and the other pipe is returned to the high pressure nozzle 7 through the control valve.
  • the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 is installed under the high pressure nozzle 7 inside the evaporation chamber 8 through the evaporation bed fixing table 20.
  • the surface of the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 is provided with a hole 21, and the upper portion of the evaporation chamber 8 is provided with a demister 4, and the periphery of the evaporation chamber 8 Set up thermoelectricity according to actual conditions And a microwave source 3, the vapor outlet 10 successively 6, distilled water collecting tank 11 and a vacuum pump 12 connected to the steam condenser.
  • the high-pressure nozzle 7 is made of PTFE modified reinforced plastic king, which has excellent temperature resistance (-200 to +260 ° C), corrosion resistance, aging resistance, water resistance, and machinability; At the same time, it is that the wave-transparent material does not substantially absorb microwaves, thereby ensuring uniformity of microwaves in the evaporation chamber space under multi-mode radiation; the evaporation chamber 8 and the microwave source 3 are provided with an insulation layer, and the insulation layer material is mainly insulation cotton;
  • the porous absorbing evaporation bed 9 is made of a silicon carbide absorbing ceramic material; the hole 21 has a pore diameter of 4 mm.
  • microwave purification treatment method for equipment containing heavy metal ion wastewater and the specific steps thereof are as follows under:
  • Step 1 pressure adjustment: firstly through the vacuum pump 12 to control the pressure of the evaporation chamber 8 and the steam condenser 10 to 0.03Mpa;
  • Step 2 Purification: 30L of Zn2+1mg/L, Cu2+1mg/L metal ion wastewater is added to the raw material tank 1, and the purifier 2 of the raw material tank 1 removes impurities such as sandstone and organic floccule in the wastewater containing heavy metal ions. ;
  • Step 3 Drip formation and film formation: the waste water containing heavy metal ions is then removed through the feed pump 19 and the high pressure spray head 7, so that the heavy metal ion-containing wastewater forms droplets having a particle diameter of 1 mm into the evaporation chamber 8, during the droplet drop process.
  • the medium absorbs the microwave to concentrate, and when the liquid droplet reaches the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 in the evaporation chamber 8, a liquid film and a liquid droplet are formed;
  • Step 4 Microwave evaporation: while performing step 3, the microwave source 3 of the evaporation chamber 8 is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation chamber 8 are directly heated by the microwave, and the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 absorbs microwave energy and indirectly heats.
  • the liquid film and the entire evaporation chamber 8 obtain water vapor; wherein the microwave source 3 has a microwave power of 1200 W and a frequency of 2.45 GHz;
  • Step 5 Product collection: After the water vapor obtained in step 4 passes through the demister 4, it is quickly escaped from the evaporation chamber 8 by a negative pressure method, and is condensed into the steam condenser 10, and the condensed water is recovered by the distilled water collection tank 11 to obtain 25.8. L distilled water, and 3.9 L concentrated heavy metal-containing solution was obtained, and the results are shown in Table 2;
  • Step 6 Recycling of the product:
  • the distilled water recovered is used as the dilution water or the boiler washing water in each section of the wet smelting process, and the concentrated heavy metal solution is directly returned to the electrolysis process to recover the metal ions or undergoes secondary microwave evaporation crystallization to form a metal salt crystal recovery.
  • the apparatus for treating wastewater containing heavy metal ions by microwave cleaning comprises a raw material tank 1, a purifier 2, a microwave source 3, a demister 4, a thermocouple, a steam outlet 6, a high pressure nozzle 7, and evaporation.
  • Room 8 porous absorbing evaporation bed 9, steam condenser 10, distilled water collection tank 11, vacuum pump 12, control valve, discharge pump 15, concentrated liquid outlet 16, feed pump 19, evaporation bed fixing table 20 and holes 21
  • the raw material tank 1 is connected to the high pressure spray head 7 through the feed pump 19 and the control valve pipeline in sequence.
  • the lower part of the raw material tank 1 is provided with a purifier 2, and the high pressure spray head 7 passes through the side of the evaporation chamber 8 to reach the inside of the evaporation chamber 8, and the evaporation chamber 8 is provided with a steam outlet 6 and a concentrated liquid outlet 16 respectively at the top and the bottom, and the concentrated liquid outlet 16 is divided into two pipes by a discharge pump 15, one pipe is connected to the control valve, and the other pipe is returned to the high pressure nozzle 7 through the control valve.
  • the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 is installed under the high pressure nozzle 7 inside the evaporation chamber 8 through the evaporation bed fixing table 20.
  • the surface of the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 is provided with a hole 21, and the upper portion of the evaporation chamber 8 is provided with a demister 4, and the periphery of the evaporation chamber 8 Set up thermoelectricity according to actual conditions And a microwave source 3, the vapor outlet 10 successively 6, distilled water collecting tank 11 and a vacuum pump 12 connected to the steam condenser.
  • the high-pressure nozzle 7 is made of PTFE modified reinforced plastic king, which has excellent temperature resistance (-200 to +260 ° C), corrosion resistance, aging resistance, water resistance, and machinability; At the same time, it is that the wave-transparent material does not substantially absorb microwaves, thereby ensuring uniformity of microwaves in the evaporation chamber space under multi-mode radiation; the evaporation chamber 8 and the microwave source 3 are provided with an insulation layer, and the insulation layer material is mainly insulation cotton;
  • the porous absorbing evaporation bed 9 is made of a silicon carbide absorbing ceramic material; the hole 21 has a pore diameter of 4 mm.
  • microwave purification treatment method for equipment containing heavy metal ion wastewater and the specific steps thereof are as follows under:
  • Step 1 pressure adjustment: firstly through the vacuum pump 12 to control the pressure of the evaporation chamber 8 and the steam condenser 10 to 0.03Mpa;
  • Step 2 Purification: 30L of Zn2+20mg/L, Cu2+20mg/L metal ion wastewater is added to the raw material tank 1, and the purifier 2 of the raw material tank 1 removes sandstone and organic impurities in the wastewater containing heavy metal ions;
  • Step 3 Drip formation and film formation: the waste water containing heavy metal ions is then removed through the feed pump 19 and the high pressure spray head 7, so that the heavy metal ion-containing wastewater forms droplets having a particle size of 2 mm into the evaporation chamber 8, during the droplet drop process.
  • the medium absorbs the microwave to concentrate, and when the liquid droplet reaches the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 in the evaporation chamber 8, a liquid film and a liquid droplet are formed;
  • Step 4 Microwave evaporation: while performing step 3, the microwave source 3 of the evaporation chamber 8 is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation chamber 8 are directly heated by the microwave, and the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 absorbs microwave energy and indirectly heats.
  • the liquid film and the entire evaporation chamber 8 obtain water vapor; wherein the microwave source 3 has a microwave power of 1500 W and a frequency of 2.45 GHz;
  • Step 5 Product collection: After the water vapor obtained in step 4 passes through the demister 4, it is quickly escaped from the evaporation chamber 8 by a negative pressure method, and is condensed into the steam condenser 10, and the condensed water is recovered by the distilled water collection tank 11 to obtain 26.2. L distilled water, and 3.6 L concentrated heavy metal-containing solution was obtained, and the results are shown in Table 3;
  • Step 6 Recycling of the product:
  • the distilled water recovered is used as the dilution water or the boiler washing water in each section of the wet smelting process, and the concentrated heavy metal solution is directly returned to the electrolysis process to recover the metal ions or undergoes secondary microwave evaporation crystallization to form a metal salt crystal recovery.
  • the apparatus for treating wastewater containing heavy metal ions by microwave cleaning comprises a raw material tank 1, a purifier 2, a microwave source 3, a demister 4, a thermocouple, a steam outlet 6, a high pressure nozzle 7, and evaporation.
  • Room 8 porous absorbing evaporation bed 9, steam condenser 10, distilled water collection tank 11, vacuum pump 12, control valve, discharge pump 15, concentrated liquid outlet 16, feed pump 19, evaporation bed fixing table 20 and holes 21
  • the raw material tank 1 is connected to the high pressure spray head 7 through the feed pump 19 and the control valve pipeline in sequence.
  • the lower part of the raw material tank 1 is provided with a purifier 2, and the high pressure spray head 7 passes through the side of the evaporation chamber 8 to reach the inside of the evaporation chamber 8, and the evaporation chamber 8 is provided with a steam outlet 6 and a concentrated liquid outlet 16 respectively at the top and the bottom, and the concentrated liquid outlet 16 is divided into two pipes by a discharge pump 15, one pipe is connected to the control valve, and the other pipe is returned to the high pressure nozzle 7 through the control valve.
  • the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 is installed under the high pressure nozzle 7 inside the evaporation chamber 8 through the evaporation bed fixing table 20.
  • the surface of the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 is provided with a hole 21, and the upper portion of the evaporation chamber 8 is provided with a demister 4, and the periphery of the evaporation chamber 8 Set up thermoelectricity according to actual conditions And a microwave source 3, the vapor outlet 10 successively 6, distilled water collecting tank 11 and a vacuum pump 12 connected to the steam condenser.
  • the high-pressure nozzle 7 is made of PTFE modified reinforced plastic king, which has excellent temperature resistance (-200 to +260 ° C), corrosion resistance, aging resistance, water resistance, and machinability; At the same time, it is that the wave-transparent material does not substantially absorb microwaves, thereby ensuring uniformity of microwaves in the evaporation chamber space under multi-mode radiation; the evaporation chamber 8 and the microwave source 3 are provided with an insulation layer, and the insulation layer material is mainly insulation cotton;
  • the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 is made of an alumina absorbing ceramic material; the hole 21 has a pore size of 3 mm.
  • microwave purification treatment method for equipment containing heavy metal ion wastewater and the specific steps thereof are as follows under:
  • Step 1 pressure adjustment: firstly through the vacuum pump 12 to control the pressure of the evaporation chamber 8 and the steam condenser 10 to 0.02Mpa;
  • Step 2 Purification: 30L of Zn2+10mg/L, Mg2+20mg/L, Cu2+20mg/L metal ion wastewater is added to the raw material tank 1, and the purifier 2 of the raw material tank 1 removes the gravel in the wastewater containing heavy metal ions and Organic impurities;
  • Step 3 Drip formation and film formation: the waste water containing heavy metal ions is then removed through the feed pump 19 and the high pressure spray head 7, so that the heavy metal ion-containing wastewater forms droplets having a particle size of 3 mm into the evaporation chamber 8, during the droplet drop process.
  • the medium absorbs the microwave to concentrate, and when the liquid droplet reaches the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 in the evaporation chamber 8, a liquid film and a liquid droplet are formed;
  • Step 4 Microwave evaporation: while performing step 3, the microwave source 3 of the evaporation chamber 8 is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation chamber 8 are directly heated by the microwave, and the porous absorbing wave evaporation bed 9 absorbs microwave energy and indirectly heats.
  • the liquid film and the entire evaporation chamber 8 obtain water vapor; wherein the microwave source 3 has a microwave power of 1500 W and a frequency of 2.45 GHz;
  • Step 5 Product collection: After the water vapor obtained in step 4 passes through the demister 4, it is quickly escaped from the evaporation chamber 8 by a negative pressure method, and is condensed into the steam condenser 10, and the condensed water is recovered by the distilled water collection tank 11 to obtain 26.4. L distilled water, and 2.5 L concentrated heavy metal-containing solution was obtained, and the results are shown in Table 4;
  • Step 6 Recycling of the product:
  • the distilled water recovered is used as the dilution water or the boiler washing water in each section of the wet smelting process, and the concentrated heavy metal solution is directly returned to the electrolysis process to recover the metal ions or undergoes secondary microwave evaporation crystallization to form a metal salt crystal recovery.
  • the energy-saving and high-efficiency microwave-evaporation desalinated seawater process and equipment including raw material tank 1, feed pump 2, magnetron 3, demister 4, thermocouple 5, 16, steam outlet 6, insulation layer 7 , steam condenser 8, distilled water collection tank 9, vacuum pump 10, high pressure nozzle 12, discharge pump 14, evaporation bed 15 and connecting pipes and control valves 11, 13, 17, the specific steps are as follows:
  • Pressure regulation The pressure in the evaporation chamber is controlled to 0.01 MPa by means of a vacuum pump.
  • step 2 liquid liquid dripping and film forming: After completing step 1, 30L of tap water in the raw material tank is passed through the feed pump and the high pressure nozzle, so that water forms droplets with a particle size of about 3 mm into the evaporation chamber, and when the droplet falls on the horizontal tilt A liquid film is formed again when the absorbing ceramic evaporating bed is 0°.
  • Microwave evaporation At the same time as step 2, the microwave source around the evaporation chamber is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation chamber are directly heated by the microwave, while the evaporation bed absorbs the microwave energy, and the liquid film and the entire evaporation chamber are indirectly heated.
  • the microwave power is 600 W and the frequency is 2.45 GHz.
  • the energy-saving and high-efficiency microwave-evaporation desalinated seawater process and equipment including raw material tank 1, feed pump 2, magnetron 3, demister 4, thermocouple 5, 16, steam outlet 6, insulation layer 7 , steam condenser 8, distilled water collection tank 9, vacuum pump 10, high pressure nozzle 12, discharge pump 14, evaporation bed 15 and connection Pipes and control valves 11, 13, 17, the specific steps are as follows:
  • Pressure regulation The pressure in the evaporation chamber is controlled to 0.03 MPa by means of a vacuum pump.
  • step 2 liquid liquid dripping and film forming: After completing step 1, 30L of tap water in the raw material tank is passed through the feed pump and the high-pressure nozzle, so that the water forms droplets with a particle size of about 1 mm into the evaporation chamber, and when the droplets fall in the horizontal tilt A liquid film is formed again when the absorbing ceramic evaporating bed is 45°.
  • Microwave evaporation At the same time as step 2, the microwave source around the evaporation chamber is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation chamber are directly heated by the microwave, while the evaporation bed absorbs the microwave energy, and the liquid film and the entire evaporation chamber are indirectly heated.
  • the microwave power is 800 W and the frequency is 2.45 GHz.
  • the energy-saving and high-efficiency microwave-evaporation desalinated seawater process and equipment including raw material tank 1, feed pump 2, magnetron 3, demister 4, thermocouple 5, 16, steam outlet 6, insulation layer 7 , steam condenser 8, distilled water collection tank 9, vacuum pump 10, high pressure nozzle 12, discharge pump 14, evaporation bed 15 and connecting pipes and control valves 11, 13, 17, the specific steps are as follows:
  • Pressure regulation The pressure in the evaporation chamber is controlled to 0.03 MPa by means of a vacuum pump.
  • step 2 liquid liquid dripping and film forming: After completing step 1, 30L of tap water in the raw material tank is passed through the feed pump and the high pressure nozzle, so that water forms droplets with a particle size of about 3 mm into the evaporation chamber, and when the droplet falls on the horizontal tilt A liquid film is formed again when the absorbing ceramic bed of 90° is used.
  • Microwave evaporation At the same time as step 2, the microwave source around the evaporation chamber is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation chamber are directly heated by the microwave, while the evaporation bed absorbs the microwave energy, and the liquid film and the entire evaporation chamber are indirectly heated.
  • the microwave power is 1200 W and the frequency is 2.45 GHz.
  • the energy-saving and high-efficiency microwave-evaporation desalinated seawater process and equipment including raw material tank 1, feed pump 2, magnetron 3, demister 4, thermocouple 5, 16, steam outlet 6, insulation layer 7 , steam condenser 8, distilled water collection tank 9, vacuum pump 10, high pressure nozzle 12, discharge pump 14, evaporation bed 15 and connecting pipes and control valves 11, 13, 17, the specific steps are as follows:
  • Pressure regulation The pressure in the evaporation chamber is controlled to 0.02 MPa by means of a vacuum pump.
  • step 2 liquid liquid dripping and film forming: After completing step 1, 300L mass fraction 1% NaCl solution in the raw material tank is passed through the feed pump and the high pressure nozzle to make the seawater form droplets with a particle size of about 1 mm into the evaporation chamber, and The liquid film is formed when the droplet falls on the absorbing ceramic evaporation bed having a horizontal inclination of 10°.
  • Microwave evaporation At the same time as step 2, the microwave source around the evaporation chamber is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation chamber are directly heated by the microwave, while the evaporation bed absorbs the microwave energy, and the liquid film and the entire evaporation chamber are indirectly heated.
  • the microwave power is 10 KW and the frequency is 2.45 GHz.
  • the energy-saving and high-efficiency microwave-evaporation desalinated seawater process and equipment including raw material tank 1, feed pump 2, magnetron 3, demister 4, thermocouple 5, 16, steam outlet 6, insulation layer 7 , steam condenser 8, distilled water collection tank 9, vacuum pump 10, high pressure nozzle 12, discharge pump 14, evaporation bed 15 and connecting pipes and control valves 11, 13, 17, the specific steps are as follows:
  • Pressure regulation The pressure in the evaporation chamber is controlled to 0.01 MPa by means of a vacuum pump.
  • step 2 liquid liquid dripping and film forming: After completing step 1, 300L mass fraction 1% NaCl solution in the raw material tank is passed through the feed pump and the high pressure nozzle to make the seawater form droplets with a particle size of about 1 mm into the evaporation chamber, and The liquid film is formed when the droplet falls on the absorbing ceramic evaporation bed having a horizontal inclination of 20°.
  • Microwave evaporation At the same time as step 2, the microwave source around the evaporation chamber is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation chamber are directly heated by the microwave, while the evaporation bed absorbs the microwave energy, and the liquid film and the entire evaporation chamber are indirectly heated.
  • the microwave power is 25 KW and the frequency is 2.45 GHz.
  • distilled water 296L can be collected.
  • the microwave-evaporating apparatus includes a raw material tank 1, a droplet generating device, a microwave evaporating device, and an evaporating water recovery device, and the liquid droplet generating device includes a feed pump 2, a control valve 11, and a high pressure spray head 12
  • the microwave evaporation device comprises a magnetron 3, a demister 4, a thermocouple 5, a steam outlet 6, an evaporation can 7, a control valve, a discharge pump 13, an evaporation bed 14, a liquid outlet 15, a rotating shaft 16, a bearing 17, and
  • the sealing ring 18, the evaporating water recovery device comprises a steam condenser 8, a distilled water collecting tank 9 and a vacuum pump 10.
  • the raw material tank 1 discharge port is sequentially connected with the feed pump 2, the control valve and the high pressure nozzle 12, and the high pressure nozzle 12 is passed through the pipeline.
  • the side of the evaporation can 7 is inserted into the upper end of the evaporation can 7 , and the magnetron 3 is uniformly disposed around the outside of the evaporation can 7 .
  • the evaporation can 7 is installed with a plurality of thermocouples 5 according to actual conditions.
  • the internal high pressure nozzle 12 of the evaporation can 7 passes through the rotating shaft 16 .
  • the bearing 17 and the sealing ring 18 are provided with an evaporation bed 14 which can be adjusted through the rotating shaft 16 in the range of 0° to 90°, the bottom of the evaporation tank 7 is provided with the liquid discharging outlet 15, and the liquid discharging outlet 15 is connected with the two pipes, one Root pipe directly connected to the control valve , The other pipe is connected back to the control valve 12 via high-pressure spray head pipe 7 provided inside the upper portion of the evaporation can demister 4, its tank 7 is provided at the top
  • the steam outlet 6 and the steam outlet 6 are connected in series to the steam condenser 8, the distilled water collecting tank 9, and the vacuum pump 10.
  • An insulating layer is disposed between the evaporation can 7 and the magnetron 3; the high-pressure nozzle 12 is processed by a PTFE modified reinforced plastic king, which has excellent temperature resistance (-200 to +260 ° C) and resistance. Corrosive, anti-aging, water-repellent and viscous and machinability; at the same time, it is a wave-transparent material that does not absorb microwaves substantially, thereby ensuring uniformity of microwave space in the evaporation chamber under multi-mode radiation; evaporation bed 14 is absorbing with silicon carbide Made of ceramic material.
  • the device evaporates and concentrates the evaporation and utilization of seawater, and the specific steps of the application method are as follows:
  • Step 1 pressure adjustment: first through the vacuum pump 10 to control the pressure of the microwave evaporation device and the evaporation water recovery device to 0.01Mpa;
  • Step 2 dripping: 30L seawater is added to the raw material tank 1, and then the seawater passes through the feed pump 2 and the high pressure spray head 12, so that seawater forms droplets having a particle size of 1 mm into the evaporation tank 7;
  • Step 3 film formation: the droplet obtained in step 2 is dropped into the evaporation bed 14 in the evaporation can 7 to form a liquid film, wherein the evaporation bed 14 adjusts the inclination angle to 0 °;
  • Step 4 Microwave evaporation: while performing steps 2 and 3, the magnetron 3 of the evaporation can 7 is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation can 7 are directly heated by the microwave, while the evaporation bed absorbs the microwave energy, the indirect heating liquid The film and the entire evaporation can 7 obtain water vapor, wherein the microwave power is 800 W and the frequency is 2.45 GHz;
  • Step 5 Product collection: After the water vapor obtained in step 4 passes through the demister 4, it is quickly escaped from the evaporation tank 7 by a negative pressure method, and is condensed into the steam condenser 8, and the condensed water is recovered by the distilled water collection tank 9 to obtain 20.1. L Distilled water and obtained concentrated seawater.
  • the application process of the liquid outlet 15 is: the feed pump 2 is turned on during the evaporation process, the discharge pump 13 is closed, the valve 11a is opened at the same time, the valves 11b and 11c are closed, and the liquid in the raw material tank 1 is completely evaporated by microwave evaporation, and then closed.
  • the discharge pump 13 is turned on, and the concentrated liquid is recovered through the outlet 15 after being concentrated.
  • the microwave-evaporating apparatus includes a raw material tank 1, a droplet generating device, a microwave evaporating device, and an evaporating water recovery device, and the liquid droplet generating device includes a feed pump 2, a control valve, and a high pressure shower head 12,
  • the microwave evaporation device comprises a magnetron 3, a demister 4, a thermocouple 5, a steam outlet 6, an evaporation can 7, a control valve 11, a discharge pump 13, an evaporation bed 14, a liquid outlet 15, a rotating shaft 16, a bearing 17, and
  • the sealing ring 18, the evaporating water recovery device comprises a steam condenser 8, a distilled water collecting tank 9 and a vacuum pump 10.
  • the raw material tank 1 discharge port is sequentially connected with the feed pump 2, the control valve and the high pressure nozzle 12, and the high pressure nozzle 12 is passed through the pipeline.
  • the side of the evaporation can 7 is inserted into the upper end of the evaporation can 7 , and the magnetron 3 is uniformly disposed around the outside of the evaporation can 7 .
  • the evaporation can 7 is installed with a plurality of thermocouples 5 according to actual conditions.
  • the internal high pressure nozzle 12 of the evaporation can 7 passes through the rotating shaft 16 .
  • the bearing 17 and the sealing ring 18 are provided with an evaporation bed 14 which can be adjusted through the rotating shaft 16 in the range of 0° to 90°, the bottom of the evaporation tank 7 is provided with the liquid discharging outlet 15, and the liquid discharging outlet 15 is connected with the two pipes, one Root pipe directly connected to the control valve The other pipe is connected to the pipeline of the high pressure nozzle 12 through a control valve.
  • the upper part of the evaporation tank 7 is provided with a demister 4, the top of the evaporation tank 7 is provided with a steam outlet 6, and the steam outlet 6 is sequentially connected with a steam condenser 8, a distilled water collection tank. 9 is connected to the vacuum pump 10 pipe.
  • An insulating layer is disposed between the evaporation can 7 and the magnetron 3; the high-pressure nozzle 12 is processed by a PTFE modified reinforced plastic king, which has excellent temperature resistance (-200 to +260 ° C) and resistance. Corrosive, anti-aging, water-repellent and viscous and machinability; at the same time, it is a wave-transparent material that does not absorb microwaves substantially, thereby ensuring uniformity of microwave space in the evaporation chamber under multi-mode radiation; evaporation bed 14 is suctioned by silicon nitride Made of wave ceramic material.
  • the device evaporates and concentrates the mother liquor of the Bayer method, and the specific steps of the application method are as follows:
  • Step 1 Pressure adjustment: firstly, the microwave evaporation device and the evaporation water recovery device are passed through the vacuum pump 10.
  • the pressure control is 0.03Mpa;
  • Step 2 Drip formation: 30 L Bayer seed mother liquid is added to the raw material tank 1, and then the Bayer seed mother liquid is passed through the feed pump 2 and the high pressure spray head 12, so that the Bayer seed mother liquid forms a droplet having a particle diameter of 3 mm. Entering the evaporation tank 7;
  • Step 3 Film formation: the liquid droplets obtained in the step 2 are dropped into the evaporation bed 14 in the evaporation can 7 to form a liquid film, wherein the evaporation bed 14 is adjusted to have an inclination angle of 90°, and the evaporation bed 14 is made of silicon nitride absorbing ceramic material. to make;
  • Step 4 Microwave evaporation: while performing steps 2 and 3, the magnetron 3 of the evaporation can 7 is turned on, and the droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation can 7 are directly heated by the microwave, while the evaporation bed absorbs the microwave energy, the indirect heating liquid The film and the entire evaporation can 7 obtain water vapor, wherein the microwave power is 1200 W and the frequency is 2.45 GHz;
  • Step 5 Product collection: After the water vapor obtained in step 4 passes through the demister 4, it is quickly escaped from the evaporation tank 7 by a negative pressure method, and is condensed by the steam condenser 8, and the condensed water is recovered by the distilled water collection tank 9 to obtain 18.8. L Distilled water and obtained a concentrated Bayer seed mother liquor.
  • the application process of the liquid outlet 15 is: the feed pump 2 is turned on during the evaporation process, the discharge pump 13 is closed, the valve 11a is opened at the same time, the valves 11b and 11c are closed, and the liquid in the raw material tank 1 is completely evaporated by microwave evaporation, and then closed.
  • the microwave-evaporating apparatus includes a raw material tank 1, a droplet generating device, a microwave evaporating device, and an evaporating water recovery device, and the liquid droplet generating device includes a feed pump 2, a control valve, and a high pressure shower head 12,
  • the microwave evaporation device comprises a magnetron 3, a demister 4, a thermocouple 5, a steam outlet 6, an evaporation can 7, a control valve 11, a discharge pump 13, an evaporation bed 14, a liquid outlet 15, a rotating shaft 16, a bearing 17, and Sealing ring 18,
  • the evaporating water recovery device comprises a steam condenser 8, a distilled water collecting tank 9 and a vacuum pump 10, the original
  • the discharge port of the tank 1 is sequentially connected with the feed pump 2, the control valve and the high-pressure nozzle 12, and the high-pressure nozzle 12 is inserted from the side of the evaporation tank 7 through the pipeline to the upper end of the evaporation tank 7, and the magnetic control is uniformly
  • the tube 3, the evaporation tank 7 is installed with a plurality of thermocouples 5 according to the actual situation, and the evaporation bed 14 is provided below the high pressure nozzle 12 inside the evaporation tank 7 through the rotating shaft 16, the bearing 17 and the sealing ring 18, and the evaporation bed 14 can pass through the rotating shaft 16 at 0°.
  • the bottom of the evaporation tank 7 is provided with a liquid outlet 15, the liquid outlet 15 is connected with two pipes, one pipe is directly connected to the control valve, and the other pipe is connected to the high pressure nozzle 12 through the control valve to evaporate
  • the upper portion of the tank 7 is provided with a demister 4, and a vapor outlet 6 is provided at the top of the evaporation tank 7, and the steam outlet 6 is sequentially connected to the steam condenser 8, the distilled water collecting tank 9, and the vacuum pump 10.
  • An insulating layer is disposed between the evaporation can 7 and the magnetron 3; the high-pressure nozzle 12 is processed by a PTFE modified reinforced plastic king, which has excellent temperature resistance (-200 to +260 ° C) and resistance. Corrosive, anti-aging, hydrophobicity is not resistant to tackiness and machinability; at the same time, it is a wave-transparent material that does not absorb microwaves substantially, thereby ensuring uniformity of microwave space in the evaporation chamber under multimode radiation; evaporation bed 14 is adsorbed by alumina Made of ceramic material.
  • the device evaporates and concentrates seawater, and the specific steps of the application method are as follows:
  • Step 1 pressure adjustment: first through the vacuum pump 10 to control the pressure of the microwave evaporation device and the evaporative water recovery device to 0.02Mpa;
  • Step 2 dripping: 30L seawater is added to the raw material tank 1, and then the seawater passes through the feed pump 2 and the high pressure spray head 12, so that seawater forms droplets having a particle size of 2 mm into the evaporation tank 7;
  • Step 3 Film formation: the liquid droplets obtained in the step 2 are dropped into the evaporation bed 14 in the evaporation can 7 to form a liquid film, wherein the evaporation bed 14 is adjusted to have an inclination angle of 10°, and the evaporation bed 14 is made of an alumina absorbing ceramic material. ;
  • Step 4 microwave evaporation: while performing steps 2 and 3, the magnetron 3 of the evaporation can 7 is turned on, The droplets and the liquid film in the evaporation tank 7 are directly heated by the microwave, and the microwave energy is absorbed by the evaporation bed, and the water vapor is obtained by indirectly heating the liquid film and the entire evaporation tank 7, wherein the microwave power is 1200 W and the frequency is 2.45 GHz;
  • Step 5 Product collection: After the water vapor obtained in step 4 passes through the demister 4, it is quickly escaped from the evaporation tank 7 by a negative pressure method, and is condensed into the steam condenser 8, and the condensed water is recovered by the distilled water collection tank 9 to obtain 26.7. L Distilled water and obtained concentrated seawater.
  • the application process of the liquid outlet 15 is: simultaneously opening the feed pump 2 and the discharge pump 13 during the evaporation process, and opening the valves 11a and 11b, closing the valve 11c, and the concentrate flowing through the evaporation bed 14 at the bottom of the evaporation tank 7
  • the liquid outlet 15 is mixed with the thinner liquid in the raw material tank through the pipeline, and then enters the evaporation tank through the high pressure nozzle 12 again.
  • the microwave source 3 the vacuum pump 10 and the feed pump 2 are turned off, and the system is released.
  • the valve 11c is opened at the same time, and the valves 11a and 11b are closed.
  • the discharge pump 13 is turned on, and the concentrated liquid is recovered through the outlet 15 after being concentrated.
  • the orange juice is charged into the raw liquid tank, and the specific process steps are as follows:
  • Microwave sterilization The fluid is heated by microwave to 50 ° C in a microwave sterilization chamber, and the sterilization time is 10 min.
  • Pressure regulation The pressure in the sterilization chamber is controlled to 0.27 MPa by using a pressure regulating valve and sterile air.
  • Step 1) the bacteria-containing fluid is passed through a liquid pump and a high-pressure spray head, so that the fluid forms a droplet having a particle diameter of about 1 mm and is evenly distributed in the sterilization chamber.
  • step 2) Microwave sterilization: At the same time as step 2), the microwave source around the evaporation chamber is turned on, and the microwave directly acts directly on the droplets in the sterilization chamber, and the microwave is thermally and non-thermally effected for rapid sterilization.
  • the temperature of the sterilization chamber is controlled at 130 ° C, and the residence time of the droplets in the secondary sterilization chamber is 1.5 s.
  • the fluid After being sterilized by microwave, the fluid is stored at room temperature and has a shelf life of more than 6 months.
  • Microwave sterilization The fluid is heated by microwave to 95 ° C in a microwave sterilization chamber, and the sterilization time is 1 min.
  • Pressure regulation The pressure in the sterilization chamber is controlled to 0.36 MPa by using a pressure regulating valve and sterile air.
  • step 2) Fluid spraying: After completing step 1), the bacteria-containing fluid is passed through a liquid pump and a high-pressure nozzle to uniformly distribute droplets having a particle diameter of about 3 mm in the sterilization chamber.
  • step 2) the microwave source around the evaporation chamber is turned on, and the microwave directly acts directly on the droplets in the sterilization chamber, and the microwave is thermally and non-thermally effected for rapid sterilization.
  • the temperature of the sterilization chamber is controlled at 140 ° C, and the residence time of the droplets in the secondary sterilization chamber is 0.5 s.
  • the fluid After being sterilized by microwave, the fluid is stored at room temperature and has a shelf life of more than 6 months.
  • the green tea is filled into the raw liquid tank, and the specific process steps are as follows:
  • Microwave sterilization The fluid is heated by microwave to 80 ° C in a microwave sterilization chamber, and the sterilization time is 10 min.
  • Pressure regulation The pressure in the sterilization chamber is controlled to 0.31 MPa by using a pressure regulating valve and sterile air.
  • step 2) Fluid spraying: After completing step 1), the bacteria-containing fluid is passed through a liquid pump and a high-pressure nozzle to uniformly distribute droplets having a particle diameter of about 2 mm in the sterilization chamber.
  • step 2) while performing step 2), turn on the microwave source around the evaporation chamber, and the microwave is straight.
  • the droplets directly acting on the sterilization chamber are rapidly sterilized by the thermal effect and non-thermal effect of the microwave.
  • the temperature of the sterilization chamber is controlled at 135 ° C, and the residence time of the droplets in the secondary sterilization chamber is 0.8 s.
  • the fluid After being sterilized by microwave, the fluid is stored at room temperature and has a shelf life of more than 6 months.
  • the green tea is filled into the raw liquid tank, and the specific process steps are as follows:
  • Microwave sterilization The fluid is heated by microwave to 60 ° C in a microwave sterilization chamber, and the sterilization time is 6 min.
  • Pressure regulation The pressure in the sterilization chamber is controlled to 0.3 MPa by using a pressure regulating valve (6) and sterile air.
  • step 2) Fluid spraying: After completing step 1), the bacteria-containing fluid is passed through a liquid pump and a high-pressure nozzle, so that the fluid forming a droplet having a particle diameter of about 2 mm is uniformly distributed in the upper middle portion of the sterilization chamber.
  • step 2) the microwave source around the evaporation chamber is turned on, and the microwave directly acts directly on the droplets in the sterilization chamber, and the microwave is thermally and non-thermally effected for rapid sterilization.
  • the temperature of the sterilization chamber is controlled at 138 ° C, and the residence time of the droplets in the secondary sterilization chamber is 1 s.
  • the fluid After the fluid is sterilized by microwave, it is stored at room temperature, and the shelf life can be more than 5 months.

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Abstract

一种微波闪蒸工艺，工艺步骤包括液体喷雾、液滴闪蒸、微波强化、真空排汽、多模谐振腔优化模拟，可避免循环泵和蒸汽换热系统的腐蚀、换热器结垢问题，提高传热效率。还提供一种实现微波闪蒸工艺的装置，包括原料罐（1）、液滴产生装置、微波蒸发装置和蒸发水回收装置。实现微波闪蒸工艺的装置可应用在废水处理、海水淡化、拜耳法种分母液蒸发浓缩、化工产品浓缩结晶、溶液杀菌、溶液除油、不同有机混合溶液精馏分离、固体粉料杀菌、除油和干燥中。

Description

一种微波闪蒸工艺及其装置与应用 技术领域
本发明属于化工技术领域，具体涉及一种微波闪蒸工艺及其装置与应用。
背景技术
对于冶金、化工领域来说，蒸发是能量消耗量最大的操作单元之一，这一操作单元广泛地应用在海水淡化、废水处理、化学品结晶等领域中。作为重要的化工单元操作之一，蒸发是用加热的方法，使溶液在沸腾状态下将其中的水分或具有挥发性的溶剂部分汽化后在冷凝器内实现冷凝、浓缩的技术。因此，蒸发过程是一个热量传递过程，传热效率和速率是蒸发过程的控制环节。例如，氧化铝工业种分母液的浓缩蒸发方面，蒸发能耗约占总生产能耗的20～25％，蒸发成本占总生产成本的10～12％。可见，蒸发工序效率的提高、能耗的降低对冶金、化工等领域的发展具有重要推动作用。
目前，蒸发设备的可分为单效、多效、二次蒸汽压缩式和多级闪发式、多效多级闪发式等。单效蒸发效率低，为了提高蒸发效率，蒸发设备逐渐向多效蒸发发展。多效蒸发系统较复杂，三效蒸发需要三台泵，三个蒸发罐，三套换热系统，而且这些设备都需要耐高温和耐压，生产制造成本较高。另由于后面几效溶液温度较高，会造成泵阀的腐蚀和损坏，从而进一步提高了运行成本。无论是多效蒸发、闪蒸还是两种方式的结合，都还存在一些核心难题需要解决。首先，蒸发所需要的热量主要来源于热交换，通常采用的热源为蒸汽换热方式；不论采用那种换热装置，都存在较大的热损失量。其次，换热器需要承受热蒸汽的高温高压冲击和物料的腐蚀，对设备的稳定运行造成严重影响。第三，溶液中的杂质组分易在换热器壁面上产生结垢，使换热效率急剧下降，能耗水平急剧上升。第四，料液以液柱状流入闪蒸室和蒸发室，气液比表面积较小，液 柱或大液滴内部的水分子由于周围分子的束缚作用，难以蒸发出来。第五，在闪蒸室和蒸发室的高真空条件下，液滴需要能量使得更多的水分子逸出为蒸汽，但此时对流传热和热传递都无法将能量传给液滴。因此，开发一种新型、节能、高效的短流程新型蒸发技术和系统对冶金、化工、环保等行业来说具有重要的理论和实际意义。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种微波闪蒸工艺；第二目的在于提供一种实现所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置；第三目的在于提供所述的微波闪蒸工艺的应用。
本发明的第一目的是这样实现的，所述的微波闪蒸工艺集成液体喷雾、液滴闪蒸、微波强化、真空排汽技术，具体是通过微波的耦合作用，在一级微波闪蒸条件下，达到常规多效蒸发和闪蒸的效果，并形成微波原位能量传递的系统，避免循环泵和蒸汽换热系统在高温高压苛刻条件下的严重腐蚀、换热器结垢问题，提高蒸发效率。
本发明还可以加入微波模拟优化闪蒸谐振腔设计，发挥微波的最大效能，第一可以优化馈口位置，解决微波场在腔体内均匀分布、谐振，相互加强的问题；第二可以优化各馈口的微波能输入功率，解决闪蒸床的温度梯度分布问题。
本发明的第二目的是这样实现的，所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置为微波‐蒸发装置，包括原料罐、液滴产生装置、微波蒸发装置和蒸发水回收装置，液滴产生装置包括进料泵、控制阀门和高压喷头，微波蒸发装置包括磁控管、除沫器、热电偶、蒸汽出口、蒸发罐、控制阀门、出料泵、蒸发床、料液出口、转轴、轴承和密封圈，蒸发水回收装置包括蒸汽冷凝器、蒸馏水收集罐和真空泵，原料罐出料口依次与进料泵、控制阀门和高压喷头管道连接，高压喷头通过管道从蒸发罐侧边插入位于蒸发罐内部上端，蒸发罐外部四周均匀设置磁控管，蒸 发罐根据实际情况安装若干热电偶，蒸发罐内部高压喷头正下方通过转轴、轴承和密封圈设有蒸发床，蒸发床能通过转轴在0°～90°内可调，蒸发罐底部设有料液出口，料液出口与两根管道连接，一根管道直接连接控制阀门，另一根管道通过控制阀门连接回高压喷头管道，蒸发罐内部上部设有除沫器，蒸发罐顶部设有蒸汽出口，蒸汽出口依次与蒸汽冷凝器、蒸馏水收集罐和真空泵管道连接。
本发明还包括有另外一种装置类型，就是把原料罐设在闪蒸室的上面，利用其高度差和闪蒸室的真空度，把溶液抽进闪蒸室来喷淋，这样又可消除压力泵，进一步降低能耗；
同时使用微波的频率可以是2450±50MHz，915±50MHz或5800±50MHz；可以采用多个小功率的磁控管组合，还可以采用一个或几个大功率的磁控管输入微波能量；
本发明的第三目的是这样实现的，所述的微波闪蒸工艺可应用在废水处理、海水淡化、拜耳法种分母液蒸发浓缩、化工产品浓缩结晶、溶液杀菌、溶液除油、不同有机混合溶液精馏分离、固体粉料杀菌、除油和干燥中。
微波是一种可以快速、原位传递能量的电磁波，也是一种绿色、快速、高效、易于自控的新型能源。微波作用的特性有：
第一，由于各物质的介电损耗因数存在差异，微波加热就表现出选择性加热的特点。物料中的水分子属极性分子，介电常数较大，其介质损耗因数也很大，对微波具有强吸收能力。第二，微波波长较长，具有更好的穿透性。微波透入介质时，由于介质损耗引起的介质温度升高，使介质材料内部、外部几乎同时加热升温，形成体热源状态，大大缩短了常规加热中的热传导时间。
液滴蒸发由于具有气液界面大，降低了传质能量要求，可强化蒸发过程。 然而，国内外有关液滴蒸发的研究主要集中在航空、汽车发动机燃烧室内液体燃料喷雾燃烧等方面。例如，英国学者Sazhin系统总结了喷雾燃烧的液滴蒸发模型的研究进展。现有喷雾蒸发燃烧的研究主要围绕辐射作用和液滴外部对流换热作用,主要包括从液滴蒸发过程中的辐射作用、液滴蒸发过程的整场数值模拟以及对于液滴蒸发领域新兴的动力学模拟等方面。而在冶金和化工的浓缩结晶过程中，目前采用闪蒸和降膜、升膜蒸发技术，系统复杂、流程长、效率低。液滴蒸发还未得到应用，并且微波场内的液滴蒸发行为及其数值模拟方面的研究亦未见报道。
本发明针对现有蒸发装置和工艺中，换热效率低、易结垢、投资成本高、设备流程长和能耗高等关键问题，拟集成液体喷雾、液滴闪蒸、微波强化、高真空排汽等方法，开发出短流程新型蒸发技术。
本发明的潜在优势在于：
1、发挥了液滴比表面积大，气液界面分子的表面自由能高，自由度大、液滴吸波性好等特点；充分发挥了微波选择性脱水的特点，使液滴浓度快速增浓；
2、通过多微波的耦合作用，可在一级微波闪蒸条件下，达到常规多效蒸发和闪蒸的效果，而且可取消各效之间的循环泵和蒸汽换热系统等装置，可避免循环泵和蒸汽换热系统在高温高压苛刻条件下的严重腐蚀问题，大大减少设备投资，节约运行成本；
3、形成了微波原位能量传递的液滴微系统；
由于设备腔体大，液滴蒸发能量是在闪蒸腔体内由微波原位供给，因而可彻底避免蒸发器的结垢问题，并有效提高传热效率。
系统分析
液滴提高蒸发比表面
发挥了液滴比表面积大，气液界面分子的表面自由能高，自由度大、液滴吸波性好等特点；充分发挥了微波选择性脱水的特点，使液滴浓度快速增浓；
微波选择性加热水
微波加热具有独特的优势：它可以通过空间传输而非接触式的在物质内部形成介电损耗，引起物质分子转动、摩擦，快速加热物质，具有体加热、选择性加热等特点。水对微波具有非常强的吸收能力，可以很快的得到微波供应的能量而快速被加热。这就非常有利于蒸发过程中被蒸发物吸收能量升温达到相应真空度下的沸点，强化蒸发过程。
此外，微波闪蒸腔体内的温度高度可控，对于非热敏性物质的蒸发结晶过程，腔体内温度可以提高到几百℃，对于热敏性物质来说，腔体内温度可以控制在到几十度(℃)。且具有一定的温度梯度，液滴进入高温环境后迅速吸热，达到沸点后，蒸发出洁净的水分。
蒸发系统简化
通过多微波源耦合作用(或者大功率单源微波)，可在一级微波闪蒸条件下，达到常规多效蒸发和闪蒸的效果，取消各效之间的循环泵和蒸汽换热系统，设备大大简化，大大减少设备和场地投资。
将闪蒸室加长后，在室内添加多层的吸热盘，解决液滴在微波腔体内停留时间短的问题，通过微波仿真模拟，使每个吸波盘温度呈一定梯度增加，从而在一个闪蒸腔内非常方便的实现多级闪蒸的效果。
能量原位高效供给
形成了微波原位能量传递的液滴微系统，可避免循环泵和蒸汽换热系统在高温高压苛刻条件下的严重腐蚀问题，换热器结垢，节约运行成本，并有效提高传热效率；
现有的蒸发系统能量供应方式为：煤-蒸汽-换热器-待蒸发液升温，造成能源利用效率高、且存在碳排放影响环境。这种蒸发系统存在着两个无法克服的问题，(1)能量输入与蒸发过程分为两个部分，也就是在需要能量进行蒸发的时候却无法得到能量供应；(2)蒸汽换热供给能量时会受到蒸汽温度高压力大等因素限制，甚至需要数十级蒸发，造成供给的热量有限，致使蒸发效率低、能耗高。
本系统为：电-吸热盘-蒸发过程中换热，取消了高温高压的换热器，能量输入与蒸发过程在一个腔室内完成，在需要能量进行蒸发的时候可原位地供应能量；另外，微波能量供应不像蒸汽换热那样受到温度、压力等因素限制，可大量供给蒸发所需能量。
设备可采用料液从顶部由重力和负压双重作用自流吸入闪蒸腔，从而取消了各种动力泵，能耗进一步降低。
因此，蒸发效率高，能耗低。
仿真优化提高微波能利用率
结合Comsol、HFSS等模拟软件设计模拟优化，可得到95％的微波能利用率。
本发明针对现有蒸发装置和工艺中，换热效率低、易结垢、投资成本高、设备流程长和能耗高等关键问题，拟集成液体喷雾、液滴闪蒸、微波强化、高真空排汽等技术，来净化处理含重金属离子废水。通过本项目的研究，开发出短流程新技术，有望实现蒸发工艺产业升级。
且本发明蒸发成过程中的能耗指标为每度电(KW·h)可蒸发出10～40公斤(Kg)水，能耗较低，从根本上解决了现有蒸发装置和工艺能耗高的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明微波闪蒸工艺装置结构示意图；
图2为本发明微波闪蒸工艺装置的蒸发罐结构示意图；
图1和图2中：1-原料罐，2-进料泵，3-磁控管(即微波源)，4-除沫器，5-热电偶，6-蒸汽出口，7-蒸发罐，8-蒸汽冷凝器，9-蒸馏水收集罐，10-真空泵，11-控制阀门，12-高压喷头，13-出料泵，14-蒸发床，15-料液出口，16-转轴，17-轴承，18-密封圈；
图3为本发明微波强化蒸发腔体的结构示意图；
图4为本发明微波强化蒸发腔体上微波馈口结构示意图；
图3和图4中：1-蒸发室，2-微波源，3-待浓缩液进口，4-蒸汽出口，5-浓缩液出口，6-除沫器，7-高压喷头，8、9-热电偶，10-石英玻璃，11-保温层；
图5为本发明微波快速蒸发腔体的结构示意图；
图6为本发明微波快速蒸发腔体上微波馈口结构示意图；
图5和图6中：1-蒸汽温度测量器，2-蒸汽出口，3-保温层，4-进料口，5-微波源，6、7-筛板状蒸发床，8-液滴分散孔板，9-料液出口，10-除沫器，11-浓缩后料液温度测量器；
图7为本发明微波高效蒸发腔体的结构示意图；
图8为本发明微波高效蒸发腔体上微波馈口结构示意图；
图7和图8中：1-蒸汽温度测量器，2-蒸汽出口，3-保温层，4-除沫器，5-喷头，6-微波源，7-蒸发床，8-料液出口，9-浓缩后料液温度测量器，10-进料口；
图9为本发明废水处理的工艺流程示意图；
图10为本发明微波闪蒸工艺处理废水的设备结构示意图；
图11为本发明微波闪蒸工艺处理废水的设备的蒸发室局部结构示意图；
图10和图11中：1-原料罐，2-净化器，3-微波源，4-除沫器，5-热 电偶Ⅰ，6-蒸汽出口，7-高压喷头，8-蒸发室，9-多孔吸波蒸发床，10-蒸汽冷凝器，11-蒸馏水收集罐，12-真空泵，13-控制阀门Ⅰ，14-控制阀门Ⅱ，15-出料泵，16-浓料液出口，17-热电偶Ⅱ，18-控制阀门Ⅲ，19-进料泵，20-蒸发床固定台，21-孔洞；
图12为本发明微波闪蒸工艺淡化海水的工艺流程示意图；
图13为本发明微波闪蒸工艺淡化海水的设备结构示意图；
图13中：1-原料罐，2-进料泵，3-磁控管(即微波源)，4-除沫器，5-热电偶，6-蒸汽出口，7-保温层，8-蒸汽冷凝器，9-蒸馏水收集罐，10-真空泵，11-控制阀门，12-高压喷头，13-控制阀门，14-出料泵，15-蒸发床，16-热电偶，17-控制阀门；
图14为本发明微波闪蒸工艺应用与海水蒸发利用和拜耳法种分母液分解后得到的母液进行蒸发浓缩的工艺流程示意图；
图15为本发明微波闪蒸工艺杀菌的工艺流程示意图；
图16为本发明微波闪蒸工艺杀菌的设备结构示意图；
图16中：1-原液罐，2-控制阀门，3-热电偶，4-微波发生器(即微波源)，5-一次微波杀菌室，6-热电偶，7-调压阀，8-高压喷头，9-二次微波杀菌室，10-控制阀门，11-出料泵，12-控制阀门，13-送料泵；
图17为本发明微波模拟优化多模闪蒸谐振腔：单馈口微波加热SiC陶瓷板的情况；
图18为本发明微波模拟优化多模闪蒸谐振腔：双馈口条件下的模拟结果；
图19为本发明微波模拟优化多模闪蒸谐振腔：双馈口、多蒸发床条件下的模拟结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的说明，但不以任何方式对本发明加以限制，基于本发明教导所作的任何变换或替换，均属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明所述的微波闪蒸工艺集成液体喷雾、液滴闪蒸、微波强化、真空排汽技术，具体是通过微波的耦合作用，在一级微波闪蒸条件下，达到常规多效蒸发和闪蒸的效果，并形成微波原位能量传递的系统，避免循环泵和蒸汽换热系统在高温高压苛刻条件下的严重腐蚀、换热器结垢问题，提高蒸发效率。
本发明还可以加入微波模拟优化闪蒸谐振腔设计，发挥微波的最大效能，第一可以优化馈口位置，解决微波场在腔体内均匀分布、谐振，相互加强的问题；第二可以优化各馈口的微波能输入功率，解决闪蒸床的温度梯度分布问题。
本发明所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置为微波‐蒸发装置，包括原料罐1、液滴产生装置、微波蒸发装置和蒸发水回收装置，液滴产生装置包括进料泵2、控制阀门11和高压喷头12，微波蒸发装置包括磁控管3、除沫器4、热电偶5、蒸汽出口6、蒸发罐7、控制阀门、出料泵13、蒸发床14、料液出口15、转轴16、轴承17和密封圈18，蒸发水回收装置包括蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9和真空泵10，原料罐1出料口依次与进料泵2、控制阀门和高压喷头12管道连接，高压喷头12通过管道从蒸发罐7侧边插入位于蒸发罐7内部上端，蒸发罐7外部四周均匀设置磁控管3，蒸发罐7根据实际情况安装若干热电偶5，蒸发罐7内部高压喷头12正下方通过转轴16、轴承17和密封圈18设有蒸发床14，蒸发床14能通过转轴16在0°～90°内可调，蒸发罐7底部设有料液出口15，料液出口15与两根管道连接，一根管道直接连接控制阀门，另一根管道通过控制阀门连接回高压喷头12管道，蒸发罐7内部上部设有除沫器4，蒸发罐7顶部设有蒸汽出口6，蒸汽出口6依次与蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9和真空泵10 管道连接。
本发明还包括有另外一种装置类型，就是把原料罐设在闪蒸室的上面，利用其高度差和闪蒸室的真空度，把溶液抽进闪蒸室来喷淋，这样又可消除压力泵，进一步降低能耗；
同时使用微波的频率可以是2450±50MHz，915±50MHz或5800±50MHz；可以采用多个小功率的磁控管组合，还可以采用一个或几个大功率的磁控管输入微波能量。
所述的蒸发罐7与磁控管3之间设有保温层。
所述高压喷头12采用PTFE改性强化塑料王加工而成。
所述蒸发床14采用由碳化硅、氮化硅、氧化铝、硼硅酸铝、钛酸钡、粘土或炭黑吸波陶瓷材料制成。
所述的蒸发罐7为微波强化蒸发腔体、微波快速蒸发腔体或微波高效蒸发腔体。
所述的微波强化蒸发腔体包括蒸发室1、微波源2、待浓缩液进口3、蒸汽出口4、浓缩液出口5、除沫器6和高压喷头7，微波源2安装于蒸发室1上，蒸发室1一端设置有蒸汽出口4、除沫器6、浓缩液进口3和高压喷头7，蒸发室另一端设置有浓缩液出口5。
所述的蒸发室1内壁材料为耐腐蚀不锈钢，在微波辐射下成为多模反射器，是溶液快速加热、沸腾和蒸发浓缩。
所述的蒸发室1外壁设置有保温层。
所述的保温层为保温棉、保温泥或砖。
所述的蒸发室1的蒸汽出口4端和浓缩液出口5端均设置有热电偶，并与微波发生器相连，由MCU单片控制，实现在线调节微波功率。
所述的蒸汽出口4连接有真空设备，强化蒸发。
所述的微波源2设置于蒸发室1的浓缩液出口5端的上部至蒸发室1中部位置，微波通过蒸发室1的微波馈口10进入蒸发室1内供给蒸发所需能量。
所述的微波馈口由不锈钢法兰、玻璃胶或聚四氟乙烯垫片和石英玻璃或其它透波密封材料，如透波陶瓷组成，其密封强度为-0.1-1Mpa，即可达1MPa。
所述的微波快速蒸发腔体包括蒸汽温度测量器1、蒸汽出口2、保温层3、进料口4、微波源5、筛板状蒸发床6、7、液滴分散孔板8、料液出口9、除沫器10和浓缩后料液温度测量器11，保温层3设置于蒸发腔体外壁，微波源5设置于蒸发腔体上，蒸发腔体一端设置有蒸汽出口2、蒸汽温度测量器1、除沫器10和进料口4；蒸发腔体另一端设置有料液出口9和料液温度测量器11，自料液出口9端至蒸发腔体中部依次设有筛板状蒸发床6、7和液滴分散孔板8。
所述的蒸发腔体的内壁材料为不锈钢，在优化馈口位置设计后，输入微波形成多模谐振腔，使溶液快速加热、沸腾和蒸发浓缩。
所述的筛板状蒸发床6、7的材料为吸波陶瓷，筛板状蒸发床6、7上的孔径为0.1～20mm。
所述的液滴分散孔板8的材料为不吸波陶瓷材料，液滴分散孔板8上的孔径为0.1～20mm。
所述的微波源5设置于蒸发腔体的料液出口9端的上部至蒸发腔体中部位置，微波通过蒸发腔体的微波馈口进入蒸发腔体内供给蒸发所需能量。
所述的微波馈口由不锈钢法兰、聚四氟乙烯或硅胶垫片和石英玻璃组成。
所述的微波高效蒸发腔体包括蒸汽温度测量器1、蒸汽出口2、保温层3、除沫器4、喷头5、微波源6、蒸发床7、料液出口8、浓缩后料液温度测量器9和进料口10，保温层3设置于蒸发腔体外壁，微波源6设置于蒸发腔体上，蒸 发腔体一端设置有蒸汽出口2、蒸汽温度测量器1、除沫器4和进料口10，进料口10末端设置喷头5；蒸发腔体另一端设置有料液出口8和料液温度测量器9，自料液出口8端至蒸发腔体中部设有蒸发床7。
所述的蒸发腔体的内壁材料为不锈钢，优化微波馈口位置和数量后，在微波作用下形成多模谐振腔，使溶液快速加热、沸腾和蒸发浓缩。
所述的蒸汽出口2连接有真空设备，强化蒸发。
所述的微波源6设置于蒸发腔体的料液出口8端的上部至蒸发腔体中部位置，微波通过蒸发腔体的微波馈口进入蒸发腔体内供给蒸发所需能量。
所述的微波馈口由不锈钢法兰、玻璃胶或聚四氟乙烯垫片和石英玻璃或其它透波密封材料，如透波陶瓷组成，其密封强度为-0.1～1Mpa，即可达1MPa。
本发明所述的微波闪蒸工艺的应用为所述的微波闪蒸工艺可应用在废水处理、海水淡化、拜耳法种分母液蒸发浓缩、化工产品浓缩结晶、溶液杀菌、溶液除油、不同有机混合溶液精馏分离、固体粉料杀菌、除油和干燥中。
所述的废水处理是处理含重金属离子的废水，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤1、压力调节：首先通过真空泵将蒸发室和蒸汽冷凝器的压力控制为0.01～0.03Mpa；
步骤2、净化：将含重金属离子废水加入到原料罐中，原料罐中净化器去除含重金属离子废水中大颗粒或团聚型杂质；
步骤3、造滴和制膜：然后去除杂质的含重金属离子废水通过进料泵和高压喷头中，使含重金属离子废水形成粒径1～3mm的液滴进入蒸发室，在液滴下落过程中吸收微波浓缩，当液滴到达蒸发室内的多孔吸波蒸发床形成液膜和液滴；
步骤4、微波蒸发：在进行步骤3的同时，开启蒸发室的微波源，采用微波直接加热蒸发室中的液滴和液膜，同时多孔吸波蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加 热液膜和整个蒸发室获得水蒸气；
步骤5、产物收集：经步骤4得到的水蒸气经除沫器后，通过负压方式快速从蒸发室中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器冷凝，冷凝水经蒸馏水收集罐回收得到蒸馏水，并获得浓缩含重金属溶液；
步骤6、产物循环利用：回收得到的蒸馏水作为湿法冶炼各工段稀释用水或锅炉冲洗用水，浓缩后的含重金属溶液直接返回电解过程回收金属离子、采用碱中和沉淀以这些重金属的氢氧化物、碳酸盐形式回收或经过二次微波蒸发结晶形成金属盐结晶回收。
所述的海水淡化包括以下步骤：
步骤1、压力调节：利用真空泵将蒸发室内压力控制在0.01-0.03MPa；
步骤2、料液造滴和制膜：完成步骤1后，将海水通过进料泵和高压喷头，使海水形成粒径1～3mm的液滴进入蒸发室，而当液滴落于蒸发床时又形成液膜；
步骤3、微波蒸发：在进行步骤2的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，采用微波直接加热蒸发室内的液滴和液膜，同时蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发室；
步骤4、产物收集：蒸发出的水蒸气经过除沫器后，通过负压方式快速从闪蒸室中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器冷凝，冷凝水经收集罐回收，同时得到浓缩后海水。
所述的海水蒸发利用和拜耳法种分母液分解后得到的母液进行蒸发浓缩包括以下步骤：
步骤1、压力调节：首先通过真空泵将微波蒸发装置和蒸发水回收装置的压力控制为0.01～0.03Mpa；
步骤2、造滴：将海水或拜耳法种分母液加入到原料罐中，然后海水或拜耳 法种分母液通过进料泵和高压喷头中，使海水或拜耳法种分母液形成粒径1～3mm的液滴进入蒸发罐；
步骤3、制膜：将步骤2得到的液滴下落到蒸发罐内的蒸发床形成液膜；
步骤4、微波蒸发：在进行步骤2和3的同时，开启蒸发罐的磁控管，采用微波直接加热蒸发罐中的液滴和液膜，同时蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发罐获得水蒸气；
步骤5、产物收集：经步骤4得到的水蒸气经除沫器后，通过负压方式快速从蒸发罐中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器冷凝，冷凝水经蒸馏水收集罐回收得到蒸馏水，并获得浓缩海水或浓缩拜耳法种分母液。
所述的杀菌包括以下步骤：
步骤1、微波一次杀菌：流体在一次微波杀菌室由微波加热至50～95℃，杀菌时间为1～10min；
步骤2、微波二次杀菌：在完成一次杀菌后，进行二次彻底灭菌：
1)调压：利用调压阀和无菌空气将杀菌室内压力控制在0.27～0.36MPa；
2)流体喷淋：完成步骤1)后，将含菌流体通过送料泵和高压喷头，使流体形成粒径1～3mm左右的液滴均匀的分布在杀菌室中；
3)高温杀菌：在进行步骤2)的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，微波直接直接作用于杀菌室内的液滴，利用微波的热效应和非热效应进行快速杀菌，其中杀菌室温度控制在130～140℃，液滴在二次杀菌室内停留时间为0.5～1.5s；
步骤3、产物收集：经微波杀菌后的流体由收集罐进行收集。
所述的固体粉料杀菌、除油和干燥包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将固体粉料均匀的由上而下送入闪蒸室；
步骤2、经微波快速加热达到设定温度；
步骤3、粉料中的细菌的细胞壁被微波电磁震荡破坏、细胞液被微波内部选择性加热干燥，从而使细胞失去活性；在高真空作用下，粉料中的水分、油分达到沸点后快速蒸发；
步骤4、产物收集：经微波杀菌、除油或干燥后的固体粉料被输送出闪蒸罐，冷却收集。
下面以具体实施案例对本发明做进一步说明：
实施例1
如图10和图11所示，该微波净化处理含重金属离子废水的设备，包括原料罐1、净化器2、微波源3、除沫器4、热电偶、蒸汽出口6、高压喷头7、蒸发室8、多孔吸波蒸发床9、蒸汽冷凝器10、蒸馏水收集罐11、真空泵12、控制阀门、出料泵15、浓料液出口16、进料泵19、蒸发床固定台20和孔洞21，所述原料罐1依次通过进料泵19、控制阀门Ⅲ18管道连接高压喷头7，原料罐1内部下部设有净化器2，高压喷头7穿过蒸发室8侧边到达蒸发室8内部，蒸发室8顶部和底部分别设有蒸汽出口6和浓料液出口16，浓料液出口16通过出料泵15分为两个管道，一个管道连接控制阀门Ⅰ13，另一个管道通过控制阀门Ⅱ14返回高压喷头7管道，蒸发室8内部高压喷头7下方通过蒸发床固定台20安装多孔吸波蒸发床9，多孔吸波蒸发床9表面设有孔洞21，蒸发室8上部设有除沫器4，蒸发室8四周设有热电偶和微波源3，热电偶Ⅰ5插入到蒸发室8顶部，热电偶Ⅱ17从蒸发室8侧边插入抵到多孔吸波蒸发床9上，蒸汽出口6依次与蒸汽冷凝器10、蒸馏水收集罐11和真空泵12连接。
其中高压喷头7采用PTFE改性强化塑料王加工而成，它有极好的耐温性(-200到+260℃)、抗腐蚀性、抗老化性、憎水不耐粘性和机加工性；同时，它是透波材料基本不吸收微波，从而保证多模辐射下蒸发室空间微波的均匀；蒸 发室8与微波源3间设有保温层，保温层材料主要为保温棉；多孔吸波蒸发床9采用碳化硅吸波陶瓷材料制成；孔洞21孔径为1mm。
该上述的微波净化处理含重金属离子废水的设备应用方法，其具体步骤如下：
步骤1、压力调节：首先通过真空泵12将蒸发室8和蒸汽冷凝器10的压力控制为0.01Mpa；
步骤2、净化：将30L含Zn2+1mg/L的重金属离子废水加入到原料罐1中，原料罐1中净化器2去除含重金属离子废水中大颗粒砂石杂质，防止液滴杂质阻塞高压喷头7和磨损管道；
步骤3、造滴和制膜：然后去除杂质的含重金属离子废水通过进料泵19和高压喷头7中，使含重金属离子废水形成粒径3mm的液滴进入蒸发室8，在液滴下落过程中吸收微波浓缩，当液滴到达蒸发室8内的多孔吸波蒸发床9形成液膜和液滴；
步骤4、微波蒸发：在进行步骤3的同时，开启蒸发室8的微波源3，采用微波直接加热蒸发室8中的液滴和液膜，同时多孔吸波蒸发床9吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发室8获得水蒸气；其中微波源3微波功率为800W、频率为2.45GHz；
步骤5、产物收集：经步骤4得到的水蒸气经除沫器4后，通过负压方式快速从蒸发室8中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器10冷凝，冷凝水经蒸馏水收集罐11回收得到28.3L蒸馏水，并获得1.4L浓缩含重金属溶液，得到的结果如表1所示；步骤6、产物循环利用：回收得到的蒸馏水作为湿法冶炼各工段稀释用水或锅炉冲洗用水，浓缩后的含重金属溶液直接返回电解过程回收金属离子或经过二次微波蒸发结晶形成金属盐结晶回收。
表1 实施例1结果表
  进水水质(mg/L) 出水水质(mg/L) 去除率(％) 浓缩倍数
Zn2+ 1 未检测到 100 21以上
。
实施例2
如图10和图11所示，该微波净化处理含重金属离子废水的设备，包括原料罐1、净化器2、微波源3、除沫器4、热电偶、蒸汽出口6、高压喷头7、蒸发室8、多孔吸波蒸发床9、蒸汽冷凝器10、蒸馏水收集罐11、真空泵12、控制阀门、出料泵15、浓料液出口16、进料泵19、蒸发床固定台20和孔洞21，所述原料罐1依次通过进料泵19、控制阀门管道连接高压喷头7，原料罐1内部下部设有净化器2，高压喷头7穿过蒸发室8侧边到达蒸发室8内部，蒸发室8顶部和底部分别设有蒸汽出口6和浓料液出口16，浓料液出口16通过出料泵15分为两个管道，一个管道连接控制阀门，另一个管道通过控制阀门返回高压喷头7管道，蒸发室8内部高压喷头7下方通过蒸发床固定台20安装多孔吸波蒸发床9，多孔吸波蒸发床9表面设有孔洞21，蒸发室8上部设有除沫器4，蒸发室8四周根据实际情况设有热电偶和微波源3，蒸汽出口6依次与蒸汽冷凝器10、蒸馏水收集罐11和真空泵12连接。
其中高压喷头7采用PTFE改性强化塑料王加工而成，它有极好的耐温性(-200到+260℃)、抗腐蚀性、抗老化性、憎水不耐粘性和机加工性；同时，它是透波材料基本不吸收微波，从而保证多模辐射下蒸发室空间微波的均匀；所述蒸发室8与微波源3间设有保温层，保温层材料主要为保温棉；所述多孔吸波蒸发床9采用碳化硅吸波陶瓷材料制成；所述孔洞21孔径为4mm。
该上述的微波净化处理含重金属离子废水的设备应用方法，其具体步骤如 下：
步骤1、压力调节：首先通过真空泵12将蒸发室8和蒸汽冷凝器10的压力控制为0.03Mpa；
步骤2、净化：将30L含Zn2+1mg/L、Cu2+1mg/L金属离子废水加入到原料罐1中，原料罐1中净化器2去除含重金属离子废水中砂石、有机物凝絮等杂质；
步骤3、造滴和制膜：然后去除杂质的含重金属离子废水通过进料泵19和高压喷头7中，使含重金属离子废水形成粒径1mm的液滴进入蒸发室8，在液滴下落过程中吸收微波浓缩，当液滴到达蒸发室8内的多孔吸波蒸发床9形成液膜和液滴；
步骤4、微波蒸发：在进行步骤3的同时，开启蒸发室8的微波源3，采用微波直接加热蒸发室8中的液滴和液膜，同时多孔吸波蒸发床9吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发室8获得水蒸气；其中微波源3中微波功率为1200W、频率为2.45GHz；
步骤5、产物收集：经步骤4得到的水蒸气经除沫器4后，通过负压方式快速从蒸发室8中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器10冷凝，冷凝水经蒸馏水收集罐11回收得到25.8L蒸馏水，并获得3.9L浓缩含重金属溶液，结果如表2所示；
步骤6、产物循环利用：回收得到的蒸馏水作为湿法冶炼各工段稀释用水或锅炉冲洗用水，浓缩后的含重金属溶液直接返回电解过程回收金属离子或经过二次微波蒸发结晶形成金属盐结晶回收。
表2 实施例2结果表
  进水水质(mg/L) 出水水质(mg/L) 去除率(％) 浓缩倍数
Zn2+ 1 未检测到 100 7以上
Cu2+ 1 未检测到 100 7以上
。
实施例3
如图10和图11所示，该微波净化处理含重金属离子废水的设备，包括原料罐1、净化器2、微波源3、除沫器4、热电偶、蒸汽出口6、高压喷头7、蒸发室8、多孔吸波蒸发床9、蒸汽冷凝器10、蒸馏水收集罐11、真空泵12、控制阀门、出料泵15、浓料液出口16、进料泵19、蒸发床固定台20和孔洞21，所述原料罐1依次通过进料泵19、控制阀门管道连接高压喷头7，原料罐1内部下部设有净化器2，高压喷头7穿过蒸发室8侧边到达蒸发室8内部，蒸发室8顶部和底部分别设有蒸汽出口6和浓料液出口16，浓料液出口16通过出料泵15分为两个管道，一个管道连接控制阀门，另一个管道通过控制阀门返回高压喷头7管道，蒸发室8内部高压喷头7下方通过蒸发床固定台20安装多孔吸波蒸发床9，多孔吸波蒸发床9表面设有孔洞21，蒸发室8上部设有除沫器4，蒸发室8四周根据实际情况设有热电偶和微波源3，蒸汽出口6依次与蒸汽冷凝器10、蒸馏水收集罐11和真空泵12连接。
其中高压喷头7采用PTFE改性强化塑料王加工而成，它有极好的耐温性(-200到+260℃)、抗腐蚀性、抗老化性、憎水不耐粘性和机加工性；同时，它是透波材料基本不吸收微波，从而保证多模辐射下蒸发室空间微波的均匀；所述蒸发室8与微波源3间设有保温层，保温层材料主要为保温棉；所述多孔吸波蒸发床9采用碳化硅吸波陶瓷材料制成；所述孔洞21孔径为4mm。
该上述的微波净化处理含重金属离子废水的设备应用方法，其具体步骤如 下：
步骤1、压力调节：首先通过真空泵12将蒸发室8和蒸汽冷凝器10的压力控制为0.03Mpa；
步骤2、净化：将30L含Zn2+20mg/L、Cu2+20mg/L金属离子废水加入到原料罐1中，原料罐1中净化器2去除含重金属离子废水中砂石和有机物杂质；
步骤3、造滴和制膜：然后去除杂质的含重金属离子废水通过进料泵19和高压喷头7中，使含重金属离子废水形成粒径2mm的液滴进入蒸发室8，在液滴下落过程中吸收微波浓缩，当液滴到达蒸发室8内的多孔吸波蒸发床9形成液膜和液滴；
步骤4、微波蒸发：在进行步骤3的同时，开启蒸发室8的微波源3，采用微波直接加热蒸发室8中的液滴和液膜，同时多孔吸波蒸发床9吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发室8获得水蒸气；其中微波源3中微波功率为1500W、频率为2.45GHz；
步骤5、产物收集：经步骤4得到的水蒸气经除沫器4后，通过负压方式快速从蒸发室8中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器10冷凝，冷凝水经蒸馏水收集罐11回收得到26.2L蒸馏水，并获得3.6L浓缩含重金属溶液，结果如表3所示；
步骤6、产物循环利用：回收得到的蒸馏水作为湿法冶炼各工段稀释用水或锅炉冲洗用水，浓缩后的含重金属溶液直接返回电解过程回收金属离子或经过二次微波蒸发结晶形成金属盐结晶回收。
表3 实施例3结果表
  进水水质(mg/L) 出水水质(mg/L) 去除率(％) 浓缩倍数
Zn2+ 20 0.13 99.3 166以上
Cu2+ 20 0.15 99.2 166以上
。
实施例4
如图10和图11所示，该微波净化处理含重金属离子废水的设备，包括原料罐1、净化器2、微波源3、除沫器4、热电偶、蒸汽出口6、高压喷头7、蒸发室8、多孔吸波蒸发床9、蒸汽冷凝器10、蒸馏水收集罐11、真空泵12、控制阀门、出料泵15、浓料液出口16、进料泵19、蒸发床固定台20和孔洞21，所述原料罐1依次通过进料泵19、控制阀门管道连接高压喷头7，原料罐1内部下部设有净化器2，高压喷头7穿过蒸发室8侧边到达蒸发室8内部，蒸发室8顶部和底部分别设有蒸汽出口6和浓料液出口16，浓料液出口16通过出料泵15分为两个管道，一个管道连接控制阀门，另一个管道通过控制阀门返回高压喷头7管道，蒸发室8内部高压喷头7下方通过蒸发床固定台20安装多孔吸波蒸发床9，多孔吸波蒸发床9表面设有孔洞21，蒸发室8上部设有除沫器4，蒸发室8四周根据实际情况设有热电偶和微波源3，蒸汽出口6依次与蒸汽冷凝器10、蒸馏水收集罐11和真空泵12连接。
其中高压喷头7采用PTFE改性强化塑料王加工而成，它有极好的耐温性(-200到+260℃)、抗腐蚀性、抗老化性、憎水不耐粘性和机加工性；同时，它是透波材料基本不吸收微波，从而保证多模辐射下蒸发室空间微波的均匀；所述蒸发室8与微波源3间设有保温层，保温层材料主要为保温棉；所述多孔吸波蒸发床9采用氧化铝吸波陶瓷材料制成；所述孔洞21孔径为3mm。
该上述的微波净化处理含重金属离子废水的设备应用方法，其具体步骤如 下：
步骤1、压力调节：首先通过真空泵12将蒸发室8和蒸汽冷凝器10的压力控制为0.02Mpa；
步骤2、净化：将30L含Zn2+10mg/L、Mg2+20mg/L、Cu2+20mg/L金属离子废水加入到原料罐1中，原料罐1中净化器2去除含重金属离子废水中砂石和有机物杂质；
步骤3、造滴和制膜：然后去除杂质的含重金属离子废水通过进料泵19和高压喷头7中，使含重金属离子废水形成粒径3mm的液滴进入蒸发室8，在液滴下落过程中吸收微波浓缩，当液滴到达蒸发室8内的多孔吸波蒸发床9形成液膜和液滴；
步骤4、微波蒸发：在进行步骤3的同时，开启蒸发室8的微波源3，采用微波直接加热蒸发室8中的液滴和液膜，同时多孔吸波蒸发床9吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发室8获得水蒸气；其中微波源3中微波功率为1500W、频率为2.45GHz；
步骤5、产物收集：经步骤4得到的水蒸气经除沫器4后，通过负压方式快速从蒸发室8中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器10冷凝，冷凝水经蒸馏水收集罐11回收得到26.4L蒸馏水，并获得2.5L浓缩含重金属溶液，结果如表4所示；
步骤6、产物循环利用：回收得到的蒸馏水作为湿法冶炼各工段稀释用水或锅炉冲洗用水，浓缩后的含重金属溶液直接返回电解过程回收金属离子或经过二次微波蒸发结晶形成金属盐结晶回收。
表4 实施例4结果表
  进水水质(mg/L) 出水水质(mg/L) 去除率(％) 浓缩倍数
Zn2+ 10 0.05 99.5 120以上
Mg2+ 20 0.11 99.4 240以上
Cu2+ 20 0.14 99.3 240以上
                                。
实施例5
如图13所示，节能高效微波-蒸发淡化海水工艺及设备，包括原料罐1、进料泵2、磁控管3、除沫器4、热电偶5，16、蒸汽出口6、保温层7、蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9、真空泵10、高压喷头12、出料泵14、蒸发床15和连接管道及控制阀门11，13，17，具体步骤如下：
①压力调节：利用真空泵将蒸发室内压力控制在0.01MPa。
②料液造滴和制膜：完成步骤①后，将原料罐中30L自来水通过进料泵和高压喷头，使水形成粒径3mm左右的液滴进入蒸发室，而当液滴落于水平倾斜度为0°的吸波陶瓷蒸发床时又形成液膜。
③微波蒸发：在进行步骤②的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，采用微波直接加热蒸发室内的液滴和液膜，同时蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发室。其微波功率为600W、频率为2.45GHz。
④产物收集：蒸发出的水蒸气经过除沫器后，通过负压方式快速从闪蒸室中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器冷凝，冷凝水经收集罐回收，同时得到浓缩后海水。
经上述步骤处理后可以收集蒸馏水29L。
实施例6
如图13所示，节能高效微波-蒸发淡化海水工艺及设备，包括原料罐1、进料泵2、磁控管3、除沫器4、热电偶5，16、蒸汽出口6、保温层7、蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9、真空泵10、高压喷头12、出料泵14、蒸发床15和连接 管道及控制阀门11，13，17，具体步骤如下：
①压力调节：利用真空泵将蒸发室内压力控制在0.03MPa。
②料液造滴和制膜：完成步骤①后，将原料罐中30L自来水通过进料泵和高压喷头，使水形成粒径1mm左右的液滴进入蒸发室，而当液滴落于水平倾斜度为45°的吸波陶瓷蒸发床时又形成液膜。
③微波蒸发：在进行步骤②的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，采用微波直接加热蒸发室内的液滴和液膜，同时蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发室。其微波功率为800W、频率为2.45GHz。
④产物收集：蒸发出的水蒸气经过除沫器后，通过负压方式快速从闪蒸室中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器冷凝，冷凝水经收集罐回收，同时得到浓缩后海水。
经上述步骤处理后可以收集蒸馏水27.7L。
实施例7
如图13所示，节能高效微波-蒸发淡化海水工艺及设备，包括原料罐1、进料泵2、磁控管3、除沫器4、热电偶5，16、蒸汽出口6、保温层7、蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9、真空泵10、高压喷头12、出料泵14、蒸发床15和连接管道及控制阀门11，13，17，具体步骤如下：
①压力调节：利用真空泵将蒸发室内压力控制在0.03MPa。
②料液造滴和制膜：完成步骤①后，将原料罐中30L自来水通过进料泵和高压喷头，使水形成粒径3mm左右的液滴进入蒸发室，而当液滴落于水平倾斜度为90°的吸波陶瓷蒸发床时又形成液膜。
③微波蒸发：在进行步骤②的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，采用微波直接加热蒸发室内的液滴和液膜，同时蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发室。其微波功率为1200W、频率为2.45GHz。
④产物收集：蒸发出的水蒸气经过除沫器后，通过负压方式快速从闪蒸室中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器冷凝，冷凝水经收集罐回收，同时得到浓缩后海水。
经上述步骤处理后可以收集蒸馏水25.5L。
实施例8
如图13所示，节能高效微波-蒸发淡化海水工艺及设备，包括原料罐1、进料泵2、磁控管3、除沫器4、热电偶5，16、蒸汽出口6、保温层7、蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9、真空泵10、高压喷头12、出料泵14、蒸发床15和连接管道及控制阀门11，13，17，具体步骤如下：
①压力调节：利用真空泵将蒸发室内压力控制在0.02MPa。
②料液造滴和制膜：完成步骤①后，将原料罐中300L质量分数1％的NaCl溶液通过进料泵和高压喷头，使海水形成粒径1mm左右的液滴进入蒸发室，而当液滴落于水平倾斜度为10°的吸波陶瓷蒸发床时又形成液膜。
③微波蒸发：在进行步骤②的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，采用微波直接加热蒸发室内的液滴和液膜，同时蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发室。其微波功率为10KW、频率为2.45GHz。
④产物收集：蒸发出的水蒸气经过除沫器后，通过负压方式快速从闪蒸室中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器冷凝，冷凝水经收集罐回收，同时得到浓缩后海水。
经上述步骤处理后可以收集蒸馏水278L。
实施例9
如图13所示，节能高效微波-蒸发淡化海水工艺及设备，包括原料罐1、进料泵2、磁控管3、除沫器4、热电偶5，16、蒸汽出口6、保温层7、蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9、真空泵10、高压喷头12、出料泵14、蒸发床15和连接管道及控制阀门11，13，17，具体步骤如下：
①压力调节：利用真空泵将蒸发室内压力控制在0.01MPa。
②料液造滴和制膜：完成步骤①后，将原料罐中300L质量分数1％的NaCl溶液通过进料泵和高压喷头，使海水形成粒径1mm左右的液滴进入蒸发室，而当液滴落于水平倾斜度为20°的吸波陶瓷蒸发床时又形成液膜。
③微波蒸发：在进行步骤②的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，采用微波直接加热蒸发室内的液滴和液膜，同时蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发室。其微波功率为25KW、频率为2.45GHz。
④产物收集：蒸发出的水蒸气经过除沫器后，通过负压方式快速从闪蒸室中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器冷凝，冷凝水经收集罐回收，同时得到浓缩后海水。
经上述步骤处理后可以收集蒸馏水296L。
实施例10
如图1和2所示，该微波-蒸发装置，包括原料罐1、液滴产生装置、微波蒸发装置和蒸发水回收装置，液滴产生装置包括进料泵2、控制阀门11和高压喷头12，微波蒸发装置包括磁控管3、除沫器4、热电偶5、蒸汽出口6、蒸发罐7、控制阀门、出料泵13、蒸发床14、料液出口15、转轴16、轴承17和密封圈18，蒸发水回收装置包括蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9和真空泵10，原料罐1出料口依次与进料泵2、控制阀门和高压喷头12管道连接，高压喷头12通过管道从蒸发罐7侧边插入位于蒸发罐7内部上端，蒸发罐7外部四周均匀设置磁控管3，蒸发罐7根据实际情况安装若干热电偶5，蒸发罐7内部高压喷头12正下方通过转轴16、轴承17和密封圈18设有蒸发床14，蒸发床14能通过转轴16在0°～90°内可调，蒸发罐7底部设有料液出口15，料液出口15与两根管道连接，一根管道直接连接控制阀门，另一根管道通过控制阀门连接回高压喷头12管道，蒸发罐7内部上部设有除沫器4，蒸发罐7顶部设有 蒸汽出口6，蒸汽出口6依次与蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9和真空泵10管道连接。
其中蒸发罐7与磁控管3之间设有保温层；所述高压喷头12采用PTFE改性强化塑料王加工而成，它有极好的耐温性(-200到+260℃)、抗腐蚀性、抗老化性、憎水不耐粘性和机加工性；同时，它是透波材料基本不吸收微波，从而保证多模辐射下蒸发室空间微波的均匀；蒸发床14采用碳化硅吸波陶瓷材料制成。
该装置对海水蒸发回收利用进行蒸发浓缩，应用方法其具体步骤如下：
步骤1、压力调节：首先通过真空泵10将微波蒸发装置和蒸发水回收装置的压力控制为0.01Mpa；
步骤2、造滴：将30L海水加入到原料罐1中，然后海水通过进料泵2和高压喷头12中，使海水形成粒径1mm的液滴进入蒸发罐7；
步骤3、制膜：将步骤2得到的液滴下落到蒸发罐7内的蒸发床14形成液膜，其中蒸发床14调整倾斜角度为0°；
步骤4、微波蒸发：在进行步骤2和3的同时，开启蒸发罐7的磁控管3，采用微波直接加热蒸发罐7中的液滴和液膜，同时蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发罐7获得水蒸气，其中微波功率为800W、频率为2.45GHz；
步骤5、产物收集：经步骤4得到的水蒸气经除沫器4后，通过负压方式快速从蒸发罐7中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器8冷凝，冷凝水经蒸馏水收集罐9回收得到20.1L蒸馏水，并获得浓缩海水。
其中料液出口15的应用过程：蒸发过程中开启进料泵2，关闭出料泵13，同时开启阀门11a，关闭阀门11b和11c，待原料罐1中料液全部经微波蒸发浓缩后，关闭微波源3、真空泵10和进料泵2，并释放系统中真空度，待整个系 统达到常压时，开启出料泵13，浓缩后料液经出口15进行回收。
实施例11
如图1和2所示，该微波-蒸发装置，包括原料罐1、液滴产生装置、微波蒸发装置和蒸发水回收装置，液滴产生装置包括进料泵2、控制阀门和高压喷头12，微波蒸发装置包括磁控管3、除沫器4、热电偶5、蒸汽出口6、蒸发罐7、控制阀门11、出料泵13、蒸发床14、料液出口15、转轴16、轴承17和密封圈18，蒸发水回收装置包括蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9和真空泵10，原料罐1出料口依次与进料泵2、控制阀门和高压喷头12管道连接，高压喷头12通过管道从蒸发罐7侧边插入位于蒸发罐7内部上端，蒸发罐7外部四周均匀设置磁控管3，蒸发罐7根据实际情况安装若干热电偶5，蒸发罐7内部高压喷头12正下方通过转轴16、轴承17和密封圈18设有蒸发床14，蒸发床14能通过转轴16在0°～90°内可调，蒸发罐7底部设有料液出口15，料液出口15与两根管道连接，一根管道直接连接控制阀门，另一根管道通过控制阀门连接回高压喷头12管道，蒸发罐7内部上部设有除沫器4，蒸发罐7顶部设有蒸汽出口6，蒸汽出口6依次与蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9和真空泵10管道连接。
其中蒸发罐7与磁控管3之间设有保温层；所述高压喷头12采用PTFE改性强化塑料王加工而成，它有极好的耐温性(-200到+260℃)、抗腐蚀性、抗老化性、憎水不耐粘性和机加工性；同时，它是透波材料基本不吸收微波，从而保证多模辐射下蒸发室空间微波的均匀；蒸发床14采用氮化硅吸波陶瓷材料制成。
该装置对拜耳法种分母液进行蒸发浓缩，应用方法其具体步骤如下：
步骤1、压力调节：首先通过真空泵10将微波蒸发装置和蒸发水回收装置 的压力控制为0.03Mpa；
步骤2、造滴：将30L拜耳法种分母液加入到原料罐1中，然后拜耳法种分母液通过进料泵2和高压喷头12中，使拜耳法种分母液形成粒径3mm的液滴进入蒸发罐7；
步骤3、制膜：将步骤2得到的液滴下落到蒸发罐7内的蒸发床14形成液膜，其中蒸发床14调整倾斜角度为90°，蒸发床14采用氮化硅吸波陶瓷材料制成；
步骤4、微波蒸发：在进行步骤2和3的同时，开启蒸发罐7的磁控管3，采用微波直接加热蒸发罐7中的液滴和液膜，同时蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发罐7获得水蒸气，其中微波功率为1200W、频率为2.45GHz；
步骤5、产物收集：经步骤4得到的水蒸气经除沫器4后，通过负压方式快速从蒸发罐7中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器8冷凝，冷凝水经蒸馏水收集罐9回收得到18.8L蒸馏水，并获得浓缩拜耳法种分母液。
其中料液出口15的应用过程：蒸发过程中开启进料泵2，关闭出料泵13，同时开启阀门11a，关闭阀门11b和11c，待原料罐1中料液全部经微波蒸发浓缩后，关闭微波源3、真空泵10和进料泵2，并释放系统中真空度，待整个系统达到常压时，开启出料泵13，浓缩后料液经出口15进行回收。
实施例12
如图1和2所示，该微波-蒸发装置，包括原料罐1、液滴产生装置、微波蒸发装置和蒸发水回收装置，液滴产生装置包括进料泵2、控制阀门和高压喷头12，微波蒸发装置包括磁控管3、除沫器4、热电偶5、蒸汽出口6、蒸发罐7、控制阀门11、出料泵13、蒸发床14、料液出口15、转轴16、轴承17和密封圈18，蒸发水回收装置包括蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9和真空泵10，原 料罐1出料口依次与进料泵2、控制阀门和高压喷头12管道连接，高压喷头12通过管道从蒸发罐7侧边插入位于蒸发罐7内部上端，蒸发罐7外部四周均匀设置磁控管3，蒸发罐7根据实际情况安装若干热电偶5，蒸发罐7内部高压喷头12正下方通过转轴16、轴承17和密封圈18设有蒸发床14，蒸发床14能通过转轴16在0°～90°内可调，蒸发罐7底部设有料液出口15，料液出口15与两根管道连接，一根管道直接连接控制阀门，另一根管道通过控制阀门连接回高压喷头12管道，蒸发罐7内部上部设有除沫器4，蒸发罐7顶部设有蒸汽出口6，蒸汽出口6依次与蒸汽冷凝器8、蒸馏水收集罐9和真空泵10管道连接。
其中蒸发罐7与磁控管3之间设有保温层；所述高压喷头12采用PTFE改性强化塑料王加工而成，它有极好的耐温性(-200到+260℃)、抗腐蚀性、抗老化性、憎水不耐粘性和机加工性；同时，它是透波材料基本不吸收微波，从而保证多模辐射下蒸发室空间微波的均匀；蒸发床14采用氧化铝吸波陶瓷材料制成。
该装置对海水进行蒸发浓缩，应用方法其具体步骤如下：
步骤1、压力调节：首先通过真空泵10将微波蒸发装置和蒸发水回收装置的压力控制为0.02Mpa；
步骤2、造滴：将30L海水加入到原料罐1中，然后海水通过进料泵2和高压喷头12中，使海水形成粒径2mm的液滴进入蒸发罐7；
步骤3、制膜：将步骤2得到的液滴下落到蒸发罐7内的蒸发床14形成液膜，其中蒸发床14调整倾斜角度为10°，蒸发床14采用氧化铝吸波陶瓷材料制成；
步骤4、微波蒸发：在进行步骤2和3的同时，开启蒸发罐7的磁控管3， 采用微波直接加热蒸发罐7中的液滴和液膜，同时蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发罐7获得水蒸气，其中微波功率为1200W、频率为2.45GHz；
步骤5、产物收集：经步骤4得到的水蒸气经除沫器4后，通过负压方式快速从蒸发罐7中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器8冷凝，冷凝水经蒸馏水收集罐9回收得到26.7L蒸馏水，并获得浓缩海水。
其中料液出口15的应用过程：蒸发过程中同时开启进料泵2和出料泵13，并且打开阀门11a和11b，关闭阀门11c，由蒸发床14落于蒸发罐7底部的浓缩液经料液出口15，通过管道与原料罐中的稀料液混匀后，重新通过高压喷头12进入蒸发罐，待完成全部料液蒸发后，关闭微波源3、真空泵10和进料泵2，并释放系统中真空度，同时开启阀门11c，关闭阀门11a和11b，待整个系统达到常压时，开启出料泵13，浓缩后料液经出口15进行回收。
实施例13
将橙汁装入原液罐，其具体工艺步骤为：
(1)微波一次杀菌：流体在一次微波杀菌室由微波加热至50℃，杀菌时间为10min。
(2)微波二次杀菌：在完成一次杀菌后，进行二次彻底灭菌。
1)调压：利用调压阀和无菌空气将杀菌室内压力控制在0.27MPa。
2)流体喷淋：完成步骤1)后，将含菌流体通过液泵和高压喷头，使流体形成粒径1mm左右的液滴呈倒锥状均匀的分布在杀菌室中。
3)微波杀菌：在进行步骤2)的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，微波直接直接作用于杀菌室内的液滴，利用微波的热效应和非热效应进行快速杀菌。其中杀菌室温度控制在130℃，液滴在二次杀菌室内停留时间为1.5s。
(3)产物收集：经微波杀菌后的流体由收集罐进行收集。
流体经微波杀菌后，在常温下保存，保质期可达6个月以上。
实施例14
将橙汁装入原液罐中其具体工艺步骤为：
(1)微波一次杀菌：流体在一次微波杀菌室由微波加热至95℃，杀菌时间为1min。
(2)微波二次杀菌：在完成一次杀菌后，进行二次彻底灭菌。
1)调压：利用调压阀和无菌空气将杀菌室内压力控制在0.36MPa。
2)流体喷淋：完成步骤1)后，将含菌流体通过液泵和高压喷头，使流体形成粒径3mm左右的液滴均匀的分布在杀菌室中。
3)微波杀菌：在进行步骤2)的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，微波直接直接作用于杀菌室内的液滴，利用微波的热效应和非热效应进行快速杀菌。其中杀菌室温度控制在140℃，液滴在二次杀菌室内停留时间为0.5s。
(3)产物收集：经微波杀菌后的流体由收集罐进行收集。
流体经微波杀菌后，在常温下保存，保质期可达6个月以上。
实施例15
将绿茶装入原液罐中，其具体工艺步骤为：
(1)微波一次杀菌：流体在一次微波杀菌室由微波加热至80℃，杀菌时间为10min。
(2)微波二次杀菌：在完成一次杀菌后，进行二次彻底灭菌。
1)调压：利用调压阀和无菌空气将杀菌室内压力控制在0.31MPa。
2)流体喷淋：完成步骤1)后，将含菌流体通过液泵和高压喷头，使流体形成粒径2mm左右的液滴均匀的分布在杀菌室中。
3)微波杀菌：在进行步骤2)的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，微波直 接直接作用于杀菌室内的液滴，利用微波的热效应和非热效应进行快速杀菌。其中杀菌室温度控制在135℃，液滴在二次杀菌室内停留时间为0.8s。
(3)产物收集：经微波杀菌后的流体由收集罐进行收集。
流体经微波杀菌后，在常温下保存，保质期可达6个月以上。
实施例16
将绿茶装入原液罐中，其具体工艺步骤为：
(1)微波一次杀菌：流体在一次微波杀菌室由微波加热至60℃，杀菌时间为6min。
(2)微波二次杀菌：在完成一次杀菌后，进行二次彻底灭菌。
1)调压：利用调压阀(6)和无菌空气将杀菌室内压力控制在0.3MPa。
2)流体喷淋：完成步骤1)后，将含菌流体通过液泵和高压喷头，使流体形成粒径2mm左右的液滴呈倒锥状均匀的分布在杀菌室室的中上部。
3)微波杀菌：在进行步骤2)的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，微波直接直接作用于杀菌室内的液滴，利用微波的热效应和非热效应进行快速杀菌。其中杀菌室温度控制在138℃，液滴在二次杀菌室内停留时间为1s。
(3)产物收集：经微波杀菌后的流体由收集罐进行收集。
流体经微波杀菌后，在常温下保存，保质期可达5个月以上。

Claims (31)

  1. 一种微波闪蒸工艺，其特征在于所述的微波闪蒸工艺集成液体喷雾、液滴闪蒸、微波强化、真空排汽技术，具体是通过微波的耦合作用，在一级微波闪蒸条件下，达到常规多效蒸发和闪蒸的效果，并形成微波原位能量传递的系统，避免循环泵和蒸汽换热系统在高温高压苛刻条件下的严重腐蚀、换热器结垢问题，提高蒸发效率。
  2. 一种实现权利要求1所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置为微波‐蒸发装置，包括原料罐(1)、液滴产生装置、微波蒸发装置和蒸发水回收装置，液滴产生装置包括进料泵(2)、控制阀门(11)和喷头(12)，微波蒸发装置包括磁控管(3)、除沫器(4)、热电偶(5)、蒸汽出口(6)、蒸发罐(7)、控制阀门、出料泵(13)、蒸发床(14)、料液出口(15)、转轴(16)、轴承(17)和密封圈(18)，蒸发水回收装置包括蒸汽冷凝器(8)、蒸馏水收集罐(9)和真空泵(10)，原料罐(1)出料口依次与进料泵(2)、控制阀门和高压喷头(12)管道连接，喷头(12)通过管道从蒸发罐(7)侧边插入位于蒸发罐(7)内部上端，蒸发罐(7)外部四周均匀设置磁控管(3)，蒸发罐(7)根据实际情况安装若干热电偶(5)，蒸发罐(7)内部高压喷头(12)正下方通过转轴(16)、轴承(17)和密封圈(18)设有蒸发床(14)，蒸发床(14)能通过转轴(16)在0°～90°内可调，蒸发罐(7)底部设有料液出口(15)，料液出口(15)与两根管道连接，一根管道直接连接控制阀门，另一根管道通过控制阀门连接回高压喷头(12)管道，蒸发罐(7)内部上部设有除沫器(4)，蒸发罐(7)顶部设有蒸汽出口(6)，蒸汽出口(6)依次与蒸汽冷凝器(8)、蒸馏水收集罐(9)和真空泵(10)管道连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的蒸发罐(7)与磁控管(3)之间设有保温层。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述高压喷头(12)采用PTFE改性强化塑料王加工而成。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述蒸发床(14)采用由碳化硅、氮化硅、氧化铝、硼硅酸铝、钛酸钡、粘土或炭黑吸波陶瓷材料制成。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的蒸发罐(7)为微波强化蒸发腔体、微波快速蒸发腔体或微波高效蒸发腔体。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的微波强化蒸发腔体包括蒸发室(1)、微波源(2)、待浓缩液进口(3)、蒸汽出口(4)、浓缩液出口(5)、除沫器(6)和高压喷头(7)，微波源(2)安装于蒸发室(1)上，蒸发室(1)一端设置有蒸汽出口(4)、除沫器(6)、浓缩液进口(3)和高压喷头(7)，蒸发室另一端设置有浓缩液出口(5)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的蒸发室(1)内壁材料为耐腐蚀不锈钢，在微波辐射下成为多模反射器，是溶液快速加热、沸腾和蒸发浓缩。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的蒸发室(1)外壁设置有保温层。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的保温层为保温棉、保温泥或砖。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的蒸发室(1)的蒸汽出口(4)端和浓缩液出口(5)端均设置有热电偶，并与微波发生器相连，由MCU单片控制，实现在线调节微波功率。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的蒸汽 出口(4)连接有真空设备，强化蒸发。
  13. 根据权利要求7～12任一所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的微波源(2)设置于蒸发室(1)的浓缩液出口(5)端的上部至蒸发室(1)中部位置，微波通过蒸发室(1)的微波馈口(10)进入蒸发室(1)内供给蒸发所需能量。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的微波馈口由不锈钢法兰、玻璃胶或聚四氟乙烯垫片和石英玻璃组成，其密封强度为-0.1到1MPa，即可达1Mpa。
  15. 根据权利要求6所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的微波快速蒸发腔体包括蒸汽温度测量器(1)、蒸汽出口(2)、保温层(3)、进料口(4)、微波源(5)、筛板状蒸发床(6、7)、液滴分散孔板(8)、料液出口(9)、除沫器(10)和浓缩后料液温度测量器(11)，保温层(3)设置于蒸发腔体外壁，微波源(5)设置于蒸发腔体上，蒸发腔体一端设置有蒸汽出口(2)、蒸汽温度测量器(1)、除沫器(10)和进料口(4)；蒸发腔体另一端设置有料液出口(9)和料液温度测量器(11)，自料液出口(9)端至蒸发腔体中部依次设有筛板状蒸发床(6、7)和液滴分散孔板(8)。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的蒸发腔体的内壁材料为不锈钢，在优化馈口位置设计后，输入微波形成多模谐振腔，使溶液快速加热、沸腾和蒸发浓缩。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的筛板状蒸发床(6、7)的材料为吸波陶瓷，筛板状蒸发床(6、7)上的孔径为0.1～20mm。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的液滴分散孔板(8)的材料为不吸波陶瓷材料，液滴分散孔板(8)上的孔径为 0.1～20mm。
  19. 根据权利要求15所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的微波源(5)设置于蒸发腔体的料液出口(9)端的上部至蒸发腔体中部位置，微波通过蒸发腔体的馈口进入蒸发腔体内供给蒸发所需能量。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的微波馈口由不锈钢法兰、聚四氟乙烯或硅胶垫片和石英玻璃组成。
  21. 根据权利要求6所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的微波高效蒸发腔体包括蒸汽温度测量器(1)、蒸汽出口(2)、保温层(3)、除沫器(4)、喷头(5)、微波源(6)、蒸发床(7)、料液出口(8)、浓缩后料液温度测量器(9)和进料口(10)，保温层(3)设置于蒸发腔体外壁，微波源(6)设置于蒸发腔体上，蒸发腔体一端设置有蒸汽出口(2)、蒸汽温度测量器(1)、除沫器(4)和进料口(10)，进料口(10)末端设置喷头(5)；蒸发腔体另一端设置有料液出口(8)和料液温度测量器(9)，自料液出口(8)端至蒸发腔体中部设有蒸发床(7)。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的蒸发腔体的内壁材料为不锈钢，优化微波馈口位置和数量后，在微波作用下形成多模谐振腔，使溶液快速加热、沸腾和蒸发浓缩。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的蒸汽出口(2)连接有真空设备，强化蒸发。
  24. 根据权利要求21所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的微波源(6)设置于蒸发腔体的料液出口(8)端的上部至蒸发腔体中部位置，微波通过蒸发腔体的微波馈口进入蒸发腔体内供给蒸发所需能量。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的微波闪蒸工艺的装置，其特征在于所述的微波 馈口由不锈钢法兰、玻璃胶或聚四氟乙烯垫片和石英玻璃组成，其密封强度为-0.1到1.0MPa，即可达1.0Mpa。
  26. 一种权利要求1所述的微波闪蒸工艺的应用，其特征在于所述的微波闪蒸工艺可应用在废水处理、海水淡化、拜耳法种分母液蒸发浓缩、化工产品浓缩结晶、溶液杀菌、溶液除油、不同有机混合溶液精馏分离、固体粉料杀菌、除油和干燥中。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的微波闪蒸工艺的应用，其特征在于所述的废水处理是处理含重金属离子的废水，具体包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、压力调节：首先通过真空泵将蒸发室和蒸汽冷凝器的压力控制为0.01～0.03Mpa；
    步骤2、净化：将含重金属离子废水加入到原料罐中，原料罐中净化器去除含重金属离子废水中大颗粒或团聚型杂质；
    步骤3、造滴和制膜：然后去除杂质的含重金属离子废水通过进料泵和高压喷头中，使含重金属离子废水形成粒径1～3mm的液滴进入蒸发室，在液滴下落过程中吸收微波浓缩，当液滴到达蒸发室内的多孔吸波蒸发床形成液膜和液滴；
    步骤4、微波蒸发：在进行步骤3的同时，开启蒸发室的微波源，采用微波直接加热蒸发室中的液滴和液膜，同时多孔吸波蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发室获得水蒸气；
    步骤5、产物收集：经步骤4得到的水蒸气经除沫器后，通过负压方式快速从蒸发室中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器冷凝，冷凝水经蒸馏水收集罐回收得到蒸馏水，并获得浓缩含重金属溶液；
    步骤6、产物循环利用：回收得到的蒸馏水作为湿法冶炼各工段稀释用水或锅炉冲洗用水，浓缩后的含重金属溶液直接返回电解过程回收金属离子、采用 碱中和沉淀以这些重金属的氢氧化物、碳酸盐形式回收或经过二次微波蒸发结晶形成金属盐结晶回收。
  28. 根据权利要求26所述的微波闪蒸工艺的应用，其特征在于所述的海水淡化包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、压力调节：利用真空泵将蒸发室内压力控制在0.01-0.03MPa；
    步骤2、料液造滴和制膜：完成步骤1后，将海水通过进料泵和高压喷头，使海水形成粒径1～3mm的液滴进入蒸发室，而当液滴落于蒸发床时又形成液膜；
    步骤3、微波蒸发：在进行步骤2的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，采用微波直接加热蒸发室内的液滴和液膜，同时蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜和整个蒸发室；
    步骤4、产物收集：蒸发出的水蒸气经过除沫器后，通过负压方式快速从闪蒸室中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器冷凝，冷凝水经收集罐回收，同时得到浓缩后海水。
  29. 根据权利要求26所述的微波闪蒸工艺的应用，其特征在于所述的海水蒸发利用和拜耳法种分母液分解后得到的母液进行蒸发浓缩包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、压力调节：首先通过真空泵将微波蒸发装置和蒸发水回收装置的压力控制为0.01～0.03Mpa；
    步骤2、造滴：将海水或拜耳法种分母液加入到原料罐中，然后海水或拜耳法种分母液通过进料泵和高压喷头中，使海水或拜耳法种分母液形成粒径1～3mm的液滴进入蒸发罐；
    步骤3、制膜：将步骤2得到的液滴下落到蒸发罐内的蒸发床形成液膜；
    步骤4、微波蒸发：在进行步骤2和3的同时，开启蒸发罐的磁控管，采用微波直接加热蒸发罐中的液滴和液膜，同时蒸发床吸收微波能，间接加热液膜 和整个蒸发罐获得水蒸气；
    步骤5、产物收集：经步骤4得到的水蒸气经除沫器后，通过负压方式快速从蒸发罐中逸出，进入蒸汽冷凝器冷凝，冷凝水经蒸馏水收集罐回收得到蒸馏水，并获得浓缩海水或浓缩拜耳法种分母液。
  30. 根据权利要求26所述的微波闪蒸工艺的应用，其特征在于所述的杀菌包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、微波一次杀菌：流体在一次微波杀菌室由微波加热至50～95℃，杀菌时间为1～10min；
    步骤2、微波二次杀菌：在完成一次杀菌后，进行二次彻底灭菌：
    1)调压：利用调压阀和无菌空气将杀菌室内压力控制在0.27～0.36MPa；
    2)流体喷淋：完成步骤1)后，将含菌流体通过送料泵和高压喷头，使流体形成粒径1～3mm左右的液滴均匀的分布在杀菌室中；
    3)高温杀菌：在进行步骤2)的同时，开启蒸发室周围的微波源，微波直接直接作用于杀菌室内的液滴，利用微波的热效应和非热效应进行快速杀菌，其中杀菌室温度控制在130～140℃，液滴在二次杀菌室内停留时间为0.5～1.5s；
    步骤3、产物收集：经微波杀菌后的流体由收集罐进行收集。
  31. 根据权利要求26所述的微波闪蒸工艺的应用，其特征在于所述的固体粉料杀菌、除油和干燥括以下步骤：
    步骤1、将固体粉料均匀地从顶部送入闪蒸室；
    步骤2、经微波快速加热达到设定温度；
    步骤3、粉料中的细菌的细胞壁被微波电磁震荡破坏、细胞液被微波内部选择性加热干燥，从而使细胞失去活性；在高真空作用下，粉料中的水分、油分达到沸点后快速蒸发；
    步骤4、产物收集：经微波杀菌、除油或干燥后的固体粉料被输送出闪蒸罐，冷却收集。
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