CN204125195U - 一种利用废热的低温蒸发浓缩结晶系统 - Google Patents
一种利用废热的低温蒸发浓缩结晶系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN204125195U CN204125195U CN201420531565.8U CN201420531565U CN204125195U CN 204125195 U CN204125195 U CN 204125195U CN 201420531565 U CN201420531565 U CN 201420531565U CN 204125195 U CN204125195 U CN 204125195U
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- heat exchanger
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L na2so4 Chemical compound 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[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 sodium-chlor Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 230000026676 system process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种利用废热的低温蒸发浓缩结晶系统，包括蒸发室、含有至少一台换热器的换热器组、冷却器、冷凝室以及风机，其中，所述蒸发室、风机以及冷凝室彼此连接形成一闭合循环回路；所述换热器组的入水口与出水口分别与原水口及蒸发器相连，其换热介质入口分别与冷凝室的换热介质出口以及废热源相连，换热介质出口经冷却器与冷凝室的制冷介质入口相连；所述系统还包括与蒸发室的结晶盐出口相连的固液分离器；其中，所述废热源为各种工业废热、余热或废气，如：低温乏气、低温循环水、冲渣水、地热尾水、太阳能热水等。采用本实用新型的系统，可在相对较低的温度下对高浓度含盐废水进行资源化、无害化处理，能耗低，能量重复利用率高。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及一种废水处理系统，具体涉及一种利用各种工业废热、余热、废气 等，可在相对较低的温度下对高浓度含盐废水进行资源化、无害化处理的低温蒸发浓缩结 晶系统，属于环保领域。
背景技术
[0002] 随着我国工业的发展，高浓度含盐废水的产生途径日益广泛，废水量也逐年增加， 对生态环境产生了诸多危害。针对高浓度含盐废水，此前工业上主要利用高效耐盐均处理 或加水稀释后排放，采用此类处理方式，不仅浪费了大量的水资源，而且不能从总量上控制 排入环境中的盐量，难以实现对废水的有效处理。
[0003] 除上述处理方法外，近年来又出现了许多其它的处理技术，例如多效蒸发（MED)、 蒸汽压缩冷凝（VC)、多级闪蒸（MSF)等。多效蒸发是让加热后的盐水在多个串联的蒸发器 中蒸发，前一个蒸发器蒸发处理的蒸汽作为下一蒸发器的热源，并冷凝成为淡水。其中，低 温多效蒸发是蒸馏法中最节能的方法之一，但其存在的主要问题在于：装置单机处理能力 低、易结垢，设备的工程造价高以及传热效率低等。蒸汽压缩冷凝脱盐是盐水预热后，进入 蒸发器并在蒸发器内部进行蒸发，其所产生的二次蒸汽经压缩机提高压力后引入到蒸发器 的加热侧，蒸汽冷凝后作为产品税引出，以此实现热能的循环利用。然而，采用这种处理工 艺，对设备材质的要求极高，且系统运行过程中需要消耗大量的热量，存在一次性投入和运 行费用极高的缺点，只可能在特别缺少的地区发电厂中采用。多级闪蒸技术是针对多效蒸 发工艺中结垢较为严重的缺点而发展起来的，其问世就得到了广泛的应用及发展，具有设 备简单可靠、运行安全性高、防垢性能好、操作弹性大等优点，但其存在能耗相对较高，热量 重复利用率等不足。
[0004] 如何降低蒸发浓缩结晶过程中的能量消耗、提高热能的重复利用率、降低运行成 本、并使蒸发浓缩结晶一体化，实现系统的高效稳定运行以及具有一定通用性的系统单元 一直是本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。 实用新型内容
[0005] 本实用新型的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种利用各种工业废热、余热、 废气等，能在相对较低的温度下对各类高浓度含盐废水进行蒸发浓缩结晶处理，从而实现 盐、水有效分离的低温蒸发浓缩结晶系统。
[0006] 为实现上述目的，本实用新型采用以下技术方案：
[0007] -种利用废热的低温蒸发浓缩结晶系统，包括蒸发室、含有至少一台换热器的换 热器组、冷却器、冷凝室以及风机，其中，所述蒸发室、风机以及冷凝室彼此连接形成一闭合 循环回路；所述换热器组的入水口与出水口分别与原水口及蒸发器相连，其换热介质入口 分别与冷凝室的换热介质出口以及废热源相连，换热介质出口经冷却器与冷凝室的制冷介 质入口相连；所述系统还包括与蒸发室的结晶盐出口相连的固液分离器。
[0008] 优选的是：所述换热器组包括串联设置的第一换热器和第二换热器，所述第一换 热器的入水口与原水入口相通，其换热介质入口与冷凝器的换热介质出口相连，换热介质 出口经冷却器与冷凝室的制冷介质入口相连，第一换热器的出水进入到第二换热器中；所 述第二换热器的换热介质入口与废热源相连，其出水与蒸发室相连。
[0009] 优选的是：所述废热源为各种工业废热、余热或废气，如：低温乏气、低温循环水、 冲渣水、地热尾水、太阳能热水等。
[0010] 优选的是：所述第一换热器为高效防腐的钛板式换热器；所述第二换热器为耐温 防腐的列管式换热器或钛板式换热器。
[0011] 优选的是：所述换热器组前还设有混合槽，所述混合槽的入水口与原水入口及蒸 发室的浓盐水出口相连，混合槽的出水口与换热器组的入水口相连。
[0012] 优选的是：所述蒸发室和冷凝室的结构相同，其内部设有布水系统、填料、收水器 以及储槽，且所述布水系统为槽式布水或管式布水。
[0013] 优选的是：所述蒸发室和冷凝室设置有多个，当多个蒸发室和冷凝室串联使用时， 在串联的蒸发室和串联的冷凝室之间设有风管，使得串联的蒸发室和冷凝室整体形成闭合 回路；当多个蒸发室和冷凝室并联使用时，每一蒸发室单独引出风管与并联的冷凝室对应 连接，使得每一蒸发室和与其对应的冷凝室分别形成一闭合回路。
[0014] 优选的是：所述风机为轴流变频风机。
[0015] 优选的是：所述系统还包括各设备间的连接管道和提升泵，以及对整个系统实现 自动运行控制的PLC控制系统。
[0016] 优选的是：所述系统中，除提升泵外，其它设备及管道外均设有保温层。
[0017] 相对于现有的高浓度含盐废水处理系统，本实用新型所述的系统的有益效果在 于：1)本系统利用了各种工业废热、余热、废气等，因此相对于现有的含盐废水处理系统， 本系统的能耗低，运行费用少；2)由于利用的是各种废热源，因此本实用新型的系统不受 区域限制，特别适用于资源及能源相对缺乏的地区或偏远山区等地区的高浓度含盐废水的 处理；3)整个系统的运行温度在80°C以下低温运行，具有高效、安全、稳定可靠的优势，且 采用的是逆流或横流的蒸发室和冷凝室，可有效避免设备在换热过程中存在的结垢风险； 4)蒸发室内出来的蒸汽通过在冷凝室内喷淋冷凝，可将水气所携带的能量转移到清水里， 升温后的清水进入到换热器组中给原水循环加热，进而显著提高了能量的重复利用率；5) 本系统处理彻底，过程中不产生任何污染物，经本系统处理的各种高浓度含盐废水，其最终 产物是结晶盐和清水，结晶盐可进入下一提纯分离单元进行回收，而清水可直接回用，因此 真正实现了含盐废水的"零排放"、资源化及无害化处理要求，同时，处理过程中部产生任何 废气，不向空气中排放任何气体，不污染环境；6)处理对象广泛，可广泛应用于化工物料的 连续蒸发结晶、溶剂回收、环境污水处理、工业浓盐水处理、海水淡化处理等；7)无高温高 压设备，系统整体造价低，运行安全可靠且智能；8)本实用新型将蒸发与结晶有效地融合， 占地面积小，实现了系统一体化。
附图说明
[0018] 图1示出了本实用新型所述低温蒸发浓缩结晶系统的结构示意图；
[0019] 图2示出了常压、不同温度下饱和湿空气的含水量图。
具体实施方式
[0020] 下面结合附图及具体实施例对本实用新型的具体实施方式做进一步说明。
[0021] 如图1所示，本实用新型所述的低温蒸发浓缩结晶系统，包括蒸发室1、由至少一 台换热器构成的换热器组、冷却器8、冷凝室6以及风机7,其中，所述蒸发室1、风机7以及 冷凝室6通过管道相连形成一闭合循环回路；所述换热器组与原水入口相通，可由多台换 热器串联而成，在本实施例中，所述换热器组包括串联而成的第一换热器4和第二换热器 5,所述第一换热器4的入水口可直接与原水入口相通，原水依次经第一换热器4、第二换热 器5换热升温后进入到蒸发室1中进行换热蒸发；所述第一换热器4的换热介质入口与冷 凝室6底部的换热介质出口相连，换热介质出口经冷却器6与冷凝室6顶部的制冷介质入 口相连，所述第二换热器5的换热介质入口与废热源相连，所述废热源可以是各种工业废 热、余热、废气等，如：低温乏气、低温循环水、冲渣水、地热尾水、太阳能热水等。进一步地， 所述系统还包括混合槽2以及固液分离器3,所述混合槽2设于换热器组前，并分别与原水 入口以及蒸发室1的浓盐水出口相连，原水及蒸发室1形成的浓盐水先在混合槽2混合后 再进入到换热器组中换热；所述固液分离器3通过管道及泵与蒸发室1的结晶盐出口相连， 且固液分离器3的浓水出口与蒸发室1相连。此外，本实用新型所述的低温蒸发浓缩结晶 系统还包括各设备间的连接管道和提升泵，以及对整个系统实现自动运行控制的PLC控制 系统，以使系统实现自动运行和停车，减少人为操控。
[0022] 在本实用新型中，所述蒸发室1和冷凝室6可采用相同的结构，由不锈钢或玻璃 钢等具有耐腐蚀性的材料构成，且其内部设有布水系统、填料、收水器以及底部的结晶盐储 槽，其中，所述布水系统可为槽式布水或管式布水，采用槽式布水时，槽的底部设有均匀分 配的小孔，水在重力的作用下喷洒在填料上，且可设置一层或多层；采用管式布水时，可在 蒸发室1的顶部布水，也可在其侧方垂直分层布水，在本实施例中，填料、收水器以及储槽 的形式不做具体限定，选用耐温耐腐材料即可，如氯化聚氯乙烯CPVC或硬聚氯乙烯UPVC材 质，且收水器可以单独安装，也进而与填料一体组装，以尽可能地阻止蒸发室和冷凝室内的 微小液滴被强制循环的空气带走，所述储槽具有一定的坡度，以使蒸发室1内的结晶盐及 时顺利排出。本实用新型中的蒸发室1和冷凝室6内部均可采用逆流或横流式机械通风结 构，逆流时水的流向为由上至下，风的流向由下至上，当采用横流时，水的流向为由上至下， 风的流向为一侧进，另一侧出，即：自左向右或自右向左，与水流方向成90度，蒸发室1和冷 凝室6的外在形式和安装形式不限。此外，根据所需处理的废水量，本实用新型中的蒸发室 1和冷凝室6可多个串联或并联同时使用，当多个蒸发室1和冷凝室6串联使用时，在串联 的蒸发室1和串联的冷凝室6之间连接有风管，使得串联的蒸发室1和冷凝室6整体形成 闭合回路；当多个蒸发室1和冷凝室6并联使用时，每一蒸发室1单独引出风管与并联的冷 凝室6对应连接，使得每一蒸发室1和与其对应的冷凝室6分别形成一闭合回路进行换热。
[0023] 进一步地，所述风机7可采用轴流变频风机或变频电机通过皮带带动风叶的形 式，具有防腐、防潮、防爆等性能，本实用新型中，所述风机7可单台使用，也可多台串联使 用，在蒸发室1和冷凝室6内由风机产生的风速为l-3m/s，以对蒸发室1和冷凝室6内的 空气进行强制循环。所述混合槽2采用防腐耐温材料制成，其外在形状在此不做具体限制。 所述固液分离器3的内部采用全塑、衬塑、不锈钢316L或更高材质的普通固液分离器或其 它能分离结晶体和溶液的防腐耐温设备，其外在形式和结构在此不做具体限定。所述第一 换热器4优选高效防腐的钛板式换热器；所述第二换热器5优选耐温防腐的列管式换热器 或钛板式换热器。所述冷却器8可采用空气冷却器或凉水塔等常规冷却设备，以对清水进 行降温。所述系统中设于各设备间的提升泵可采用具有耐腐蚀性全塑、衬塑、不锈钢316L 或其它材质的离心泵或螺杆泵。此外，整个系统中的各设备均采用具有防腐防潮和耐温性 能的材质制成，温度范围为30-80°C，同时对系统中除泵以外的设备及管路进行保温处理， 以提高能量的重复利用率。
[0024] 以本实用新型如上所述的系统对高浓度含盐废水进行处理，其主要原理是利用如 图2所示的不同温度条件下饱和湿空气的含水量的不同进行蒸发分离，通过对循环空气进 行加热和冷却，使其在饱和蒸汽压的推动下不断地吸收和释放一定量的水蒸气，进而实现 浓盐水的蒸发与结晶。所述系统的处理方法包括以下步骤：
[0025] 1)原水经泵提升进入到换热器组中换热升温后进入蒸发室1中与来自冷凝室6的 冷空气进行换热蒸发，在风机7的作用下，空气在蒸发室1和冷凝室6内进行强制循环，冷 空气在蒸发室1内经过与原水换热后携带一部分水气和热量至冷凝室6中，并与冷凝室6 内的清水换热降温，降温后的空气又在风机7的作用下重新返回至蒸发室1内；
[0026]优选的是：所述换热器组包括与依次串联的第一换热器4和第二换热器5,所述第 一换热器4可与原水入口直接相连，原水依次经第一换热器4、第二换热器5换热升温至预 定值后进入到蒸发室1中进行换热蒸发；所述第二换热器5的换热介质入口与废热源相连， 所述废热源可以是各种工业废热、余热、废气等，如：低温乏气、低温循环水、冲渣水、地热尾 水、太阳能热水等；
[0027] 更进一步优选的是：所述原水入口与第一换热器4之间还设有一混合槽2,原水与 蒸发室1蒸发产生的浓盐水先在混合槽2中混合后再进入到换热器组中换热升温；
[0028] 2)蒸发室1蒸发产生的含有结晶盐的混合液下沉到蒸发室1的底部，并经泵提升 进入到固液分离器3中，在离心力的作用下进行脱水分离，脱水产生的浓水返回至蒸发室1 中进行循环蒸发；
[0029] 3)冷凝室6中产生的高温清水经泵提升进入到换热器组的第一换热器4中与原水 进行换热，原水温度升高后进入蒸发室进行换热蒸发，高温清水降温后进入冷却器8中再 次降温后返回至冷凝器6中作为冷却水对空气进行降温，并在风机7的作用下，冷凝室6内 形成的冷空气进入到蒸发室1内；
[0030] 由于冷凝室6内的水不断增加，可由泵输送到系统外部进行再利用，该水属于蒸 馏水，TDS可达lOOus/cm，非常干净，可直接回用。
[0031]本实用新型中，虽然蒸发室1和冷凝室6可采用相同的内部结构，但其作用并不相 同，在蒸发室1内，是通过循环原水给空气加热，而在冷凝室6内则是通过循环冷却水给空 气进行降温。根据不同温度的空气所携带的水气不同，进行事先蒸发结晶过程。从能量平 衡角度上来说，水气所携带的能量由蒸发室1转移到冷凝室6,再由冷凝室6转移到蒸发室 1中，整个系统的能量是平衡的，但由于在传递过程中有热量损失，所以通过利用各种形式 的工业废热、余热、废气等，如：低温乏气、低温循环水、冲渣水、地热尾水、太阳能热水等，在 相对较低的温度下对各类高浓度含盐废水进行蒸发浓缩结晶从而达到盐水的有效分离。
[0032] 实施例1
[0033] 20%的氯化钠以5m3/h的流量进入本实用新型所述的浓缩蒸发结晶系统进行处 理,其处理结果如表1所示：其中，表1中的a、b至k分别对应于图1中的取样点a、b至k。
[0034] 表1氯化钠浓盐水蒸发浓缩结晶表
[0035]
[0036] 上述浓盐水经本实用新型的蒸发浓缩结晶系统及方法处理后，获得每立方产水所 需要的能耗小于30KW • h。
[0037] 实施例2
[0038] 20%的硫酸钠浓盐水以5m3/h的流量进入本实用新型所述的浓缩蒸发结晶系统进 行处理，其处理结果如表1所示：其中，表1中的a、b至k分别对应于图1中的取样点a、b 至k。
[0039] 表2硫酸钠浓盐水蒸发浓缩结晶表
[0040]
[0041] 上述浓盐水经本实用新型的蒸发浓缩结晶系统及方法处理后，获得每立方产水所 需要的能耗小于30KW • h。
[0042] 本实用新型的蒸发浓缩结晶系统，适用于各行业的高浓度浓盐水处理，由于可在 温度较低（30-80°C)的环境下完成结晶分离或浓缩分离，最终得到的是粗盐和TDS可达lOOus/cm的蒸馏水，粗盐可进入下一单元操作进行精制，蒸馏水可循环再利用。因此，本实 用新型所述的系统可真正意义上实现废水的"零排放"处理，同时也显著降低了含盐废水处 理的运行成本。本实用新型系统采用一体化结构，占地面积小，并且使用PLC自动化控制， 减少了人为操控。同时，由于不涉及高温高压设备，因此该系统安全稳定，运行可靠。
[0043] 本实用新型已通过优选的实施方式进行了详尽的说明。然而，通过对前文的研读， 对各实施方式的变化和增加也是本领域的一般技术人员所显而易见的。申请人的意图是所 有这些变化和增加落在了本实用新型权利要求的保护范围中。相似的编号通篇指代相似的 元件。为清晰起见，在附图中可能有将某些线、层、元件、部件或特征放大的情况。
[0044] 本文中使用的术语仅为对具体的实施例加以说明，并非意在对本实用新型进行限 制。除非另有定义，本文中使用的所有术语（包括技术术语和科学术语）均与本实用新型 所属领域的一般技术人员的理解相同。还须明确的是，除在本文中有明确的定义外，诸如字 典中通常定义的术语应该解释为在本说明书以及相关技术的语境中可具有一致的意思，而 不应解释的理想化或过分形式化。公知的功能或结构处于简要和清楚的考虑或不再赘述。
Claims (10)
1. 一种利用废热的低温蒸发浓缩结晶系统，其特征在于：包括蒸发室、含有至少一台 换热器的换热器组、冷却器、冷凝室以及风机，其中，所述蒸发室、风机以及冷凝室彼此连接 形成一闭合循环回路；所述换热器组的入水口与出水口分别与原水口及蒸发器相连，其换 热介质入口分别与冷凝室的换热介质出口以及废热源相连，换热介质出口经冷却器与冷凝 室的制冷介质入口相连；所述系统还包括与蒸发室的结晶盐出口相连的固液分离器。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述换热器组包括串联设置的第一换热 器和第二换热器，所述第一换热器的入水口与原水入口相通，其换热介质入口与冷凝器的 换热介质出口相连，换热介质出口经冷却器与冷凝室的制冷介质入口相连，第一换热器的 出水进入到第二换热器中；所述第二换热器的换热介质入口与废热源相连，其出水与蒸发 室相连。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于：所述废热源为各种工业废热、余热或 废气。
4. 根据权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于：所述第一换热器为高效防腐的钛板式换 热器；所述第二换热器为耐温防腐的列管式换热器或钛板式换热器。
5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于：所述换热器组前还设有混合槽，所述 混合槽的入水口与原水入口及蒸发室的浓盐水出口相连，混合槽的出水口与换热器组的入 水口相连。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述蒸发室和冷凝室的结构相同，其内部 设有布水系统、填料、收水器以及储槽，且所述布水系统为槽式布水或管式布水。
7. 根据权利要求1或6所述的系统，其特征在于：所述蒸发室和冷凝室设置有多个，当 多个蒸发室和冷凝室串联使用时，在串联的蒸发室和串联的冷凝室之间设有风管，使得串 联的蒸发室和冷凝室整体形成闭合回路；当多个蒸发室和冷凝室并联使用时，每一蒸发室 单独引出风管与并联的冷凝室对应连接，使得每一蒸发室和与其对应的冷凝室分别形成一 闭合回路。
8. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述风机为轴流变频风机。
9. 根据权利要求1或2或4或6或8所述的系统，其特征在于：所述系统还包括各设 备间的连接管道和提升泵，以及对整个系统实现自动运行控制的PLC控制系统。
10. 根据权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于：所述系统中，除提升泵外，其它设备及管 道外均设有保温层。
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| CN104211130B (zh) * | 2014-09-16 | 2016-07-06 | 凯姆德（北京）能源环境科技有限公司 | 一种利用废热的低温蒸发浓缩结晶系统及方法 |
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