WO2016172920A1 - 一种自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构 - Google Patents

一种自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构 Download PDF

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WO2016172920A1
WO2016172920A1 PCT/CN2015/077967 CN2015077967W WO2016172920A1 WO 2016172920 A1 WO2016172920 A1 WO 2016172920A1 CN 2015077967 W CN2015077967 W CN 2015077967W WO 2016172920 A1 WO2016172920 A1 WO 2016172920A1
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envelope
power amplifier
tracking power
input signal
delay
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PCT/CN2015/077967
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李志强
萧延彬
刘昱
张海英
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中国科学院微电子研究所
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Priority to PCT/CN2015/077967 priority Critical patent/WO2016172920A1/zh
Publication of WO2016172920A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016172920A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
    • H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/081—Details of the phase-locked loop provided with an additional controlled phase shifter

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  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, such as 3G, 4G communication, and radio frequency transmitters in wireless local area networks, and more particularly to an automatically aligned envelope tracking power amplifier structure, which is an important circuit module in a radio frequency transmitter.
  • High-speed wireless communication technologies such as 3G, 4G mobile communication and wireless local area network use the peak-to-average modulation signal, which causes the power amplifier to retreat a large amount of power to meet the linearity requirements of the above signals.
  • Power backoff in turn causes the power amplifier to operate at a lower output power most of the time, so the efficiency is very low.
  • envelope tracking scheme needs to add an envelope modulator (Envelope Modulator) based on the classical RF system, and the baseband outputs an appropriate envelope waveform, and uses an envelope modulator to perform envelope tracking and power the power amplifier (PA).
  • envelope modulator envelope Modulator
  • PA power amplifier
  • the baseband also corrects the delay of the envelope signal and the RF signal through feedforward.
  • Envelope tracking technology increases battery efficiency by adjusting the power waveform of the power amplifier, thus extending battery life in mobile communications.
  • the battery life of mobile phones using 4G LTE can be extended by about 50%.
  • the application of the current envelope tracking technology has the following problems. Since the envelope tracking technique uses feedforward, the delay of the feedforward path has a large impact on the performance of the envelope tracking power amplifier. In order to correct this delay, the envelope tracking power amplifier needs the support of the baseband algorithm, so the system is very complicated and the reliability of the system is greatly reduced.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide an auto-aligned envelope tracking power amplifier structure, based on the envelope tracking technology, using an automatic alignment module composed of a phase-locked loop circuit and a filter circuit to pass the negative Feedback to automatically correct the delay of the feedforward branch.
  • the present invention provides an auto-aligned envelope tracking power amplifier structure.
  • the envelope tracking power amplifier structure is an input signal envelope detector and a package which are sequentially connected on the basis of an envelope tracking power amplifier.
  • a network generation module and an automatic delay alignment module wherein the envelope tracking power amplifier structure constitutes a feedforward path; wherein the automatic delay alignment module comprises a phase locked loop circuit and a variable bandwidth filter for correcting the feedforward path Delay.
  • the automatic delay alignment module and the envelope modulator in the envelope tracking power amplifier form a feedback loop for correcting the delay generated by the envelope modulator, wherein the phase locked loop circuit is used.
  • the phase-locked loop circuit samples the output signal of the envelope modulator and the output signal of the envelope generating module and performs phase comparison, and the phase-outputted signal is used to control the variable bandwidth filter, thereby A phase difference is generated between the input signal envelope detector and the envelope modulator, and the delay generated by the envelope modulator is cancelled by the phase difference.
  • the delay of the feedforward path is mainly generated by the envelope modulator, so canceling the delay of the envelope modulator is to eliminate the delay of the feedforward path.
  • the delay of the envelope modulator when the input signal bandwidth changes, the delay of the envelope modulator also changes, so the phase of the signals of the two input terminals of the phase-locked loop circuit may be different, thereby causing the output of the phase-locked loop circuit.
  • the variation causes the phase lead of the variable bandwidth filter to vary, ultimately canceling the delay of the envelope modulator variation.
  • the input signal is divided into two paths, one input signal is connected to the input end of the power amplifier in the envelope tracking power amplifier, and the other input signal is connected to the input signal envelope detector; entering the input signal envelope
  • the input signal of the detector is envelope-detected by the input signal envelope detector, and the obtained envelope is envelope-shaped by the envelope generation module, and the shaped envelope is passed through the automatic delay alignment module.
  • Variable bandwidth filter circuit The phase is advanced, and then output to the envelope modulator in the envelope tracking power amplifier for envelope tracking, and the output of the envelope modulator supplies power to the power amplifier in the envelope tracking power amplifier.
  • the input signal envelope detector comprises a full-wave rectification circuit and a low-pass filter, and respectively performs full-wave rectification and low-pass filtering on the input signal of the input signal envelope detector.
  • the structure of the self-aligned envelope tracking power amplifier provided by the invention realizes automatic alignment of delay on the chip, does not require the support of a complex baseband algorithm, greatly reduces the complexity of the envelope tracking system and improves the reliability.
  • the structure of the self-aligned envelope tracking power amplifier provided by the present invention, since the structure introduces automatic alignment based on the power modulation of the power amplifier, the structure is superior to the conventional fixed power supply voltage in output modulation signal. Power amplifier.
  • the structure of the self-aligned envelope tracking power amplifier provided by the present invention, since the structure is based on power modulation of the power amplifier, the peak-to-average ratio of the modulated signal is higher and higher in the future, and the input signals are compared most of the time. The structure still guarantees high efficiency under small trends.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an envelope tracking scheme in the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of an automatically aligned envelope tracking power amplifier provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an auto-aligned envelope tracking power amplifier structure provided by the present invention.
  • the envelope tracking power amplifier structure is based on an existing envelope tracking power amplifier to add sequentially connected input signals.
  • An envelope detector (Envelope Detector), an envelope generation module (Envelope Generator) and an automatic delay alignment module (Timing Aligner) the envelope tracking power amplifier structure constitutes a feedforward path; wherein the automatic delay alignment module comprises A phase lock loop (Phase Lock Loop) and a variable bandwidth filter (Variable HPF) are used to correct the delay of the feedforward path.
  • the automatic delay alignment module comprises A phase lock loop (Phase Lock Loop) and a variable bandwidth filter (Variable HPF) are used to correct the delay of the feedforward path.
  • Phase Lock Loop Phase Lock Loop
  • Variable HPF variable bandwidth filter
  • the existing envelope tracking power amplifier includes a power amplifier (PA) and an envelope modulator (Envelope Modulator), and the envelope modulator is connected to the power terminal of the power amplifier.
  • PA power amplifier
  • Envelope Modulator envelope modulator
  • the automatic delay alignment module and the envelope modulator in the envelope tracking power amplifier form a feedback loop for correcting the delay generated by the envelope modulator, wherein the phase locked loop circuit is used for Sensing the magnitude of the delay and controlling the variable bandwidth filter, the variable bandwidth filter being coupled between the envelope generation module and the envelope modulator for generating a phase difference to cancel the envelope modulator The resulting delay.
  • the phase locked loop circuit samples the output signal of the envelope modulator and the output signal of the envelope generating module and performs phase comparison, and the phase output signal is used to control the variable bandwidth filter, thereby A phase difference is generated between the input signal envelope detector and the envelope modulator, and the phase difference cancels the delay generated by the envelope modulator.
  • the delay of the feedforward path is mainly generated by the envelope modulator, so canceling the delay of the envelope modulator is to eliminate the delay of the feedforward path.
  • the delay of the envelope modulator also changes, so the phase of the signals of the two input terminals of the phase-locked loop circuit will be different, thereby causing the output of the phase-locked loop circuit to change, so that the The phase lead change of the variable bandwidth filter eventually cancels out the delay of the envelope modulator variation.
  • the input signal is divided into two paths, one input signal is connected to the input end of the power amplifier in the envelope tracking power amplifier, and the other input signal is connected to the input signal envelope detector.
  • the input signal entering the input signal envelope detector is envelope-detected by the input signal envelope detector, and the obtained envelope is enveloped by the envelope generation module.
  • the shaped envelope is phase advanced by the variable bandwidth filter circuit in the automatic delay alignment module, and then output to the envelope modulator in the envelope tracking power amplifier for envelope tracking, the envelope modulation
  • the output of the device supplies power to the power amplifier in the envelope tracking power amplifier.
  • the input signal envelope detector (Envelope Detector) includes a full-wave rectifier circuit (Full-wave Rectifier) and a low-pass filter (LPF), which respectively input the input signal to the input signal envelope detector.
  • the signal is full-wave rectified and low-pass filtered.
  • the power amplifier (PA) on the signal branch is used for power amplification of the radio frequency signal.
  • the input signal envelope detector performs envelope detection on the input signal, and then the envelope generation module shapes the envelope, and the shaped envelope passes through the variable bandwidth filter for phase advancement, and then outputs to the envelope.
  • the envelope modulator performs envelope tracking, and the output of the envelope modulator supplies power to the power amplifier.
  • phase-locked loop circuit can also be used with the filter circuit bandpass.
  • Phase comparison is performed, the output of which is used to control the amount of phase advance of the variable bandwidth filter, which is used to correct the delay generated by the envelope modulator.
  • the result of the final correction is that the output signal of the input signal envelope detector is in phase with the output signal of the envelope modulator.
  • the delay of the envelope modulator also changes, so the phase of the two input signals of the phase-locked loop circuit will be different, resulting in a change in the output of the phase-locked loop circuit, resulting in variable bandwidth filtering.
  • the phase of the device changes in magnitude, eventually canceling the delay of the envelope modulator change.
  • the present invention provides an automatically aligned envelope tracking power amplifier structure that generates an envelope from an input RF signal and implements a feedforward branch on-chip using an automatic delay alignment module consisting of a phase locked loop circuit and a variable bandwidth filter.
  • the signal delay correction of the road realizes the automatic alignment of the delay, does not require the support of a complex baseband algorithm, greatly reduces the complexity of the envelope tracking system, and improves the reliability.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，该包络跟踪功率放大器结构是在包络跟踪功率放大器的基础上增加依次连接的输入信号包络检波器、包络产生模块和自动延时对齐模块，使该包络跟踪功率放大器结构构成前馈通路；其中，该自动延时对齐模块包括锁相环电路和可变带宽滤波器，用以校正该前馈通路的延时。本发明可以在单芯片内实现包络跟踪功率放大器，不需要基带支持，从而大大降低了射频发射链路的复杂度，提高了可靠性。

Description

一种自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域，诸如3G、4G通信以及无线局域网中的射频发射机，尤其是一种自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，是射频发射机中的重要电路模块。
背景技术
3G、4G移动通信以及无线局域网等高速无线通信技术都采用了高峰均比的调制信号，这导致功率放大器需要回退大量的功率才能满足上述信号的线性度要求。功率回退又导致了功率放大器绝大多数时间都工作在较小输出功率的状态下，因此效率非常低。
为解决该问题，学术界提出了几种基于极坐标发射机的方案，包括包络跟踪方案、包络消除与恢复方案、LINC方案等，其中包络跟踪方案被认为是最具有可行性的，如图1所示。该包络跟踪方案需要在经典射频系统的基础上新增加包络调制器(Envelope Modulator)，基带输出合适的包络波形，利用包络调制器进行包络跟踪并为功率放大器(PA)供电，同时基带还要通过前馈校正包络信号与射频信号的延时。包络跟踪技术通过调节功率放大器的电源波形以提高其效率，因此在移动通信领域可以延长电池寿命。目前，使用包络跟踪技术后，使用4G LTE制式的手机电池寿命可延长约50％。
然而目前的包络跟踪技术的应用存在以下问题。由于包络跟踪技术使用了前馈，前馈路径的延时对包络跟踪功率放大器的性能影响很大。为校正该延时，包络跟踪功率放大器需要基带算法的支持，因此系统十分复杂，也大大降低了系统的可靠性。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，以在包络跟踪技术的基础上，利用有锁相环电路和滤波器电路组成的自动对齐模块通过负反馈来自动校正前馈支路的延时。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，该包络跟踪功率放大器结构是在包络跟踪功率放大器的基础上增加依次连接的输入信号包络检波器、包络产生模块和自动延时对齐模块，使该包络跟踪功率放大器结构构成前馈通路；其中，该自动延时对齐模块包括锁相环电路和可变带宽滤波器，用以校正该前馈通路的延时。
上述方案中，所述自动延时对齐模块与所述包络跟踪功率放大器中的包络调制器构成反馈环路，用以校正包络调制器所产生的延时，其中该锁相环电路用以感应延时的大小并控制该可变带宽滤波器，该可变带宽滤波器连接于所述包络产生模块与该包络调制器之间，用于产生相位差从而抵消该包络调制器所产生的延时。
上述方案中，所述锁相环电路采样该包络调制器的输出信号和该包络产生模块的输出信号并进行相位比较，相位比较后输出的信号用以控制该可变带宽滤波器，从而在该输入信号包络检波器与该包络调制器之间产生相位差，进而由该相位差抵消该包络调制器所产生的延时。其中，所述前馈通路的延时主要由该包络调制器所产生，因而抵消该包络调制器的延时就是消除了前馈通路的延时。
上述方案中，当输入信号带宽变化时，该包络调制器的延时也会变化，因此该锁相环电路的两个输入端信号的相位会不相同，从而导致该锁相环电路的输出变化，使得该可变带宽滤波器的相位超前量变化，最终抵消该包络调制器变化的延时。
上述方案中，输入信号被分为两路，一路输入信号连接于该包络跟踪功率放大器中功率放大器的输入端，另一路输入信号连接于该输入信号包络检波器；进入该输入信号包络检波器的该路输入信号被该输入信号包络检波器进行包络检波，得到的包络由该包络产生模块进行包络整形，整形后的包络经该自动延时对齐模块中的可变带宽滤波器电路进行 相位超前，之后输出给该包络跟踪功率放大器中的包络调制器进行包络跟踪，该包络调制器的输出端为该包络跟踪功率放大器中功率放大器供电。
上述方案中，所述输入信号包络检波器包括全波整流电路和低通滤波器，分别对进入该输入信号包络检波器的该路输入信号进行全波整流及低通滤波。
从上述技术方案可以看出，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明提供的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，片上实现了延时的自动对齐，不需要复杂的基带算法的支持，大大降低了包络跟踪系统的复杂度，提高了可靠性。
2、本发明提供的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，由于该结构是在功率放大器的电源调制的基础上引入了自动对齐，所以该结构在输出调制信号下效率优于传统的固定电源电压功率放大器。
3、本发明提供的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，由于该结构是基于对功率放大器进行电源调制的，所以在未来调制信号峰均比越来越高，大多数时间里输入信号都比较小的趋势下该结构仍能保证较高的效率。
4、本发明提供的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，由于包络波形可在包络产生模块中自定义产生，所以通过对该模块的优化获得更高的输出线性度。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中包络跟踪方案的结构示意图。
图2是本发明提供的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构的框图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体 实施例，并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。
如图2所示，图2是本发明提供的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构的框图，该包络跟踪功率放大器结构是在现有包络跟踪功率放大器的基础上增加依次连接的输入信号包络检波器(Envelope Detector)、包络产生模块(Envelope Generator)和自动延时对齐模块(Timing Aligner)，使该包络跟踪功率放大器结构构成前馈通路；其中，该自动延时对齐模块包括锁相环电路(Phase Lock Loop)和可变带宽滤波器(Variable HPF)，用以校正该前馈通路的延时。
现有包络跟踪功率放大器包括功率放大器(PA)和包络调制器(Envelope Modulator)，包络调制器连接于功率放大器的电源端。
请参照图2，自动延时对齐模块与所述包络跟踪功率放大器中的包络调制器构成反馈环路，用以校正包络调制器所产生的延时，其中该锁相环电路用以感应延时的大小并控制该可变带宽滤波器，该可变带宽滤波器连接于所述包络产生模块与该包络调制器之间，用于产生相位差从而抵消该包络调制器所产生的延时。
图2中，锁相环电路采样该包络调制器的输出信号和该包络产生模块的输出信号并进行相位比较，相位比较后输出的信号用以控制该可变带宽滤波器，从而在该输入信号包络检波器与该包络调制器之间产生相位差，进而由该相位差抵消该包络调制器所产生的延时。其中，前馈通路的延时主要由该包络调制器所产生，因而抵消该包络调制器的延时就是消除了前馈通路的延时。
当输入信号带宽变化时，该包络调制器的延时也会变化，因此该锁相环电路的两个输入端信号的相位会不相同，从而导致该锁相环电路的输出变化，使得该可变带宽滤波器的相位超前量变化，最终抵消该包络调制器变化的延时。
请参照图2，输入信号被分为两路，一路输入信号连接于该包络跟踪功率放大器中功率放大器的输入端，另一路输入信号连接于该输入信号包络检波器。进入该输入信号包络检波器的该路输入信号被该输入信号包络检波器进行包络检波，得到的包络由该包络产生模块进行包络整 形，整形后的包络经该自动延时对齐模块中的可变带宽滤波器电路进行相位超前，之后输出给该包络跟踪功率放大器中的包络调制器进行包络跟踪，该包络调制器的输出端为该包络跟踪功率放大器中功率放大器供电。
图2中，输入信号包络检波器(Envelope Detector)包括全波整流电路(Full-wave Rectifier)和低通滤波器(LPF)，二者分别对进入该输入信号包络检波器的该路输入信号进行全波整流及低通滤波。
下面再次结合图2详细描述本发明提供的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构的工作流程：如图2所示，信号支路上的功率放大器(PA)用于射频信号的功率放大。而前馈支路上，输入信号包络检波器对输入信号进行包络检波，之后由包络产生模块对包络进行整形，整形后的包络经过可变带宽滤波器进行相位超前，之后输出给包络调制器进行包络跟踪，包络调制器的输出端为功率放大器供电。包络调制器的输出信号和包络产生模块的输出信号会存在延时，因此这两个信号进入自动延时对齐模块中的锁相环电路(锁相环电路用滤波器电路带通也可)进行相位比较，其输出用于控制可变带宽滤波器的相位超前的量，该相位超前用于校正包络调制器所产生的延时。最终校正的结果是输入信号包络检波器的输出信号与包络调制器的输出信号同相位。
当输入信号带宽变化时，包络调制器的延时也会变化，因此锁相环电路的两个输入端信号的相位会不相同，从而导致锁相环电路的输出变化，使得可变带宽滤波器的相位超前量变化，最终抵消包络调制器变化的延时。
本发明提供的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，由输入的射频信号产生包络，并使用由锁相环电路和可变带宽滤波器构成的自动延时对齐模块在片上实现了前馈支路的信号延时校正，从而实现了延时的自动对齐，不需要复杂的基带算法的支持，大大降低了包络跟踪系统的复杂度，提高了可靠性。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施 例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，该包络跟踪功率放大器结构是在包络跟踪功率放大器的基础上增加依次连接的输入信号包络检波器、包络产生模块和自动延时对齐模块，使该包络跟踪功率放大器结构构成前馈通路；其中，该自动延时对齐模块包括锁相环电路和可变带宽滤波器，用以校正该前馈通路的延时。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，其中，所述自动延时对齐模块与所述包络跟踪功率放大器中的包络调制器构成反馈环路，用以校正包络调制器所产生的延时，其中该锁相环电路用以感应延时的大小并控制该可变带宽滤波器，该可变带宽滤波器连接于所述包络产生模块与该包络调制器之间，用于产生相位差从而抵消该包络调制器所产生的延时。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，其中，所述锁相环电路采样该包络调制器的输出信号和该包络产生模块的输出信号并进行相位比较，相位比较后输出的信号用以控制该可变带宽滤波器，从而在该输入信号包络检波器与该包络调制器之间产生相位差，进而由该相位差抵消该包络调制器所产生的延时。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，其中，当输入信号带宽变化时，该包络调制器的延时也会变化，因此该锁相环电路的两个输入端信号的相位会不相同，从而导致该锁相环电路的输出变化，使得该可变带宽滤波器的相位超前量变化，最终抵消该包络调制器变化的延时。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，其中，输入信号被分为两路，一路输入信号连接于该包络跟踪功率放大器中功率放大器的输入端，另一路输入信号连接于该输入信号包络检波器；
    进入该输入信号包络检波器的该路输入信号被该输入信号包络检波器进行包络检波，得到的包络由该包络产生模块进行包络整形，整形 后的包络经该自动延时对齐模块中的可变带宽滤波器电路进行相位超前，之后输出给该包络跟踪功率放大器中的包络调制器进行包络跟踪，该包络调制器的输出端为该包络跟踪功率放大器中功率放大器供电。
  6. 根据权利要求1或5所述的自动对齐的包络跟踪功率放大器结构，其中，所述输入信号包络检波器包括全波整流电路和低通滤波器，分别对进入该输入信号包络检波器的该路输入信号进行全波整流及低通滤波。
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