WO2016165396A1 - 一种井下煤层脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透方法 - Google Patents

一种井下煤层脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透方法 Download PDF

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WO2016165396A1
WO2016165396A1 PCT/CN2015/099093 CN2015099093W WO2016165396A1 WO 2016165396 A1 WO2016165396 A1 WO 2016165396A1 CN 2015099093 W CN2015099093 W CN 2015099093W WO 2016165396 A1 WO2016165396 A1 WO 2016165396A1
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pulse detonation
explosion
coal
drill hole
pulse
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French (fr)
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林柏泉
闫发志
朱传杰
郭畅
邹全乐
刘厅
洪溢都
姚昊
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中国矿业大学
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Priority to US15/325,662 priority Critical patent/US9951597B1/en
Priority to AU2015391205A priority patent/AU2015391205B2/en
Publication of WO2016165396A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016165396A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid

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  • the invention relates to a method for directional cracking and anti-reflection of a pulsed detonation wave in a coal seam, which is particularly suitable for gas control in a high gas and low permeability coal seam region, so as to improve the gas drainage efficiency of the borehole and realize rapid outburst of the outburst coal seam.
  • Gas drainage is the main measure to solve the problem of gas emission in the process of high gas permeability and low permeability coal seam exploitation.
  • the high gas permeability low permeability coal seam has low gas permeability, and the conventional extraction is difficult and the effect is poor, and technical measures for pressure relief and anti-reflection are needed.
  • the coal seam cracking and anti-reflection technology is an important means to solve the problem of micro-pore, low-permeability and high-adsorption in the high gas outburst coal seams in China.
  • relevant researchers have also carried out extensive explorations on the technology of pressure relief and anti-filtration of coal seams. Certain results.
  • the existing effective pressure relief and anti-reflection technologies mainly include: dense drilling, high-pressure water jet slitting, deep hole loosening blasting and hydraulic fracturing.
  • the prior art generally has the disadvantages of complicated process, large construction volume, high cost and limited application range.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a method for directional cracking and anti-reflection of a pulsed detonation wave in a coal seam.
  • the pulse detonation wave based on physical discharge has the characteristics of high instantaneous energy and strong destructive force. And using the electric pulse detonation wave directional anti-reflection technology, so that the process is simple, the construction efficiency is high, and the coal seam cracking and anti-reflection and crack unblocking have a good application prospect.
  • the method for directional cracking and anti-reflection of pulse coal detonation wave in underground coal seam of the present invention comprises using an explosion-proof high-voltage electric pulse generator, and the method for directional cracking and anti-reflection is as follows:
  • a pulse detonation borehole is drilled, and then four pulse detonation-directed boreholes are constructed around the pulse detonation borehole.
  • the four pulse detonation-guided boreholes are equal in position from the pulse detonation borehole. parallel;
  • the pulse detonation drill has a distance of 4-6 m from the surrounding four pulse detonation guide bores.
  • the explosion-proof high-voltage electric pulse generator has a frequency of 10-50 Hz and a voltage range of 50-500 KV.
  • the invention has the advantages that the pulse detonation wave based on physical discharge is applied to the cracking and anti-reflection of coal mine underground, and four pulse detonation-oriented drilling holes are arranged equidistantly around the pulse detonation drilling hole, and the pulse detonation wave instantaneously is utilized.
  • the characteristics of high energy and strong destructive force realize the coal body crushing between the pulse detonation drilling and the pulse detonation guiding drilling, forming a networked crack in the space and increasing the gas permeability of the coal body.
  • the effective impact range of single-hole gas drainage can be increased by 3-4 times, the gas permeability coefficient of the coal surrounding the drilling hole is increased by 200-400 times, and the gas extraction capacity is increased by 3- 8 times, effectively reducing the pre-extraction time, providing valuable time and safety for the safe and efficient mining of coal mines.
  • the method is simple and easy to operate, and has wide practicality in the technical field.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pulse detonation wave directed cracking and anti-reflection structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the pulse detonation borehole and pulse detonation pilot boreholes of the present invention disposed in a coal seam.
  • the method for directional cracking and anti-reflection of the pulsed detonation wave of the underground coal seam of the invention adopts the explosion-proof high-voltage electric pulse generator 3, and the specific steps of the directional cracking and anti-reflection method are as follows:
  • the explosion-proof high-voltage electric pulse generator 3 is charged by the closed explosion-proof switch 2, and when the voltage rises to the set discharge voltage of 260 KV, the positive electrode 7 is discharged; the frequency of the explosion-proof high-voltage electric pulse generator 3 is 10-50 Hz. , the voltage range is 50-500KV;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

一种井下煤层脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透方法，用于高瓦斯低透气性煤层的区域瓦斯治理。增透方法：首先，从煤巷向煤层（12）分别实施脉冲爆震钻孔（8）和脉冲爆震导向钻孔（11），然后将连接在防爆高压电脉冲发生器（3）正输出端（4）的正电极（7）推至脉冲爆震钻孔（8）底部，将连接在防爆高压电脉冲发生器（3）负输出端（5）的负电极（10）推至脉冲爆震导向钻孔（11）底部，对煤层实施电脉冲爆震致裂结束后，将脉冲爆震钻孔（8）和脉冲爆震导向钻孔（11）连入抽采管路抽采瓦斯。该方法利用电脉冲爆震波提供的瞬时高能量致裂煤体，在脉冲爆震钻孔和脉冲爆震导向钻孔之间的煤体内形成裂隙网络，煤体透气性系数可提高200‐400倍，单个钻孔瓦斯抽采有效影响范围可提高3‐4倍，钻孔瓦斯抽采量可增加3‐8倍，可有效缩短煤层瓦斯预抽时间。

Description

一种井下煤层脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种井下煤层脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透方法，特别适用于高瓦斯低透气性煤层区域瓦斯治理，以提高钻孔瓦斯抽采效率，实现突出煤层快速消突。
背景技术
瓦斯抽采是解决高瓦斯低透气性煤层开采过程中的瓦斯涌出问题及防治突出的主要措施。但是，高瓦斯低透气性煤层的透气性低，常规抽采难度大、效果差，需要采取卸压增透的技术措施。煤层致裂增透技术是解决我国高瓦斯突出煤层普遍存在微孔隙、低渗透率和高吸附难题的重要手段，国内外有关学者对煤层的卸压增透技术措施也进行了大量探索，取得了一定的成效。现有的有效卸压增透技术主要有：密集钻孔、高压水射流割缝、深孔松动爆破以及水力压裂等。但现有技术普遍存在工艺复杂、施工量大、成本高及应用范围有限等缺点。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是克服已有技术中的不足，提供一种井下煤层脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透方法，以物理放电为基础的脉冲爆震波具有瞬时能量高、破坏力强的特点，且利用电脉冲爆震波定向增透技术，从而使工艺简单、施工效率高、在煤层致裂增透及裂隙解堵方面具有良好的应用前景。
技术方案：本发明的井下煤层脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透方法，包括采用防爆高压电脉冲发生器，定向致裂增透方法如下：
a、从巷帮向煤层打脉冲爆震钻孔，然后在脉冲爆震钻孔周围施工四个脉冲爆震导向钻孔，四个脉冲爆震导向钻孔距离脉冲爆震钻孔的位置相等且平行；
b、在防爆高压电脉冲发生器的输入端用防爆开关连接至防爆电源柜；
c、在防爆高压电脉冲发生器的正输出端通过正极电缆连接正电极，利用四分管将正电极推至脉冲爆震钻孔底部；
d、在防爆高压电脉冲发生器的负输出端通过负极电缆连接负电极，利用四分管将负电极推至脉冲爆震导向钻孔底部；
e、闭合防爆开关向防爆高压电脉冲发生器充电，当防爆高压电脉冲发生器的电压升至设定放电电压时，正电极放电；
f、当正电极放电20-30次后，断开防爆开关，将正电极和负电极沿着钻孔向外退25cm；
m、重复步骤e和f多次，直至正负电极距巷帮6m时，断开防爆开关，并将正电极和负电极退出钻孔，然后将脉冲爆震钻孔和脉冲爆震导向钻孔连至瓦斯抽采管网抽采瓦斯。
所述脉冲爆震钻孔距周围四个脉冲爆震导向钻孔的距离为4-6m。
所述防爆高压电脉冲发生器的频率为10-50Hz，电压范围为50-500KV。
有益效果：本发明将以物理放电为基础的脉冲爆震波应用于煤矿井下致裂增透，通过在脉冲爆震钻孔周围等距离的布置4个脉冲爆震导向钻孔，利用脉冲爆震波瞬时能量高、破坏力强的特点，实现脉冲爆震钻孔与脉冲爆震导向钻孔之间煤体破碎，在空间上形成了网络化的裂隙，增加了煤体的透气性。实施脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透技术后，可使单个钻孔瓦斯抽采有效影响范围提高3-4倍，钻孔周围煤体透气性系数提高200-400倍，瓦斯抽采量增加3-8倍，有效的降低了预抽时间，为煤矿安全高效开采提供了宝贵的时间及安全保障。其方法简单，易操作，在本技术领域内具有广泛的实用性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透结构示意图；
图2是本发明的脉冲爆震钻孔和脉冲爆震导向钻孔在煤层中布置的俯视图。
图中：1－防爆电源柜，2－防爆开关，3－防爆高压电脉冲发生器，4－正输出端，5－负输出端，6－正极电缆，7－正电极，8－脉冲爆震钻孔，9－负极电缆，10－负电极，11－脉冲爆震导向钻孔，12－煤层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实例作进一步的描述：
本发明的井下煤层脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透方法，采用防爆高压电脉冲发生器3，定向致裂增透方法具体步骤如下：
(1)按照图1所示从巷帮向煤层12打脉冲爆震钻孔8，然后在脉冲爆震钻孔8周围施工四个与其距离相等、且平行的脉冲爆震导向钻孔11；所述脉冲爆震钻孔8距周围四个脉冲爆震导向钻孔11的距离为4-6m；
(2)将防爆高压电脉冲发生器3的输入端用防爆开关2连接至防爆电源柜1；
(3)将防爆高压电脉冲发生器3的正输出端4通过正极电缆6连接正电极7，利用四分管将正电极7推至脉冲爆震钻孔8底部；
(4)将防爆高压电脉冲发生器3的负输出端5通过负极电缆9连接负电极10，利用四分管将负电极10推至脉冲爆震导向钻孔11底部；
(5)闭合防爆开关2向防爆高压电脉冲发生器3充电，当电压升至设定放电电压260KV时，正电极7放电；所述防爆高压电脉冲发生器3的频率为10-50Hz，电压范围为50-500KV；
(6)当正电极7放电20-30次后，断开防爆开关2，将正电极7和负电极10沿着钻孔向外退25cm；
(7)重复步骤5和6，直至电极距巷帮为6m时，断开防爆开关2，并将正电极7和负电极10均退出钻孔，然后将脉冲爆震钻孔8和脉冲爆震导向钻孔11均连至瓦斯抽采管网抽采瓦斯。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种井下煤层脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透方法，其特征在于：包括采用防爆高压电脉冲发生器(3)，定向致裂增透方法如下：
    a、从巷帮向煤层(12)打脉冲爆震钻孔(8)，然后在脉冲爆震钻孔(8)周围施工四个脉冲爆震导向钻孔(11)，四个脉冲爆震导向钻孔(11)距离脉冲爆震钻孔(8)的位置相等且平行；
    b、将防爆高压电脉冲发生器(3)的输入端用防爆开关(2)连接至防爆电源柜(1)；
    c、将防爆高压电脉冲发生器(3)的正输出端(4)通过正极电缆(6)连接正电极(7)，利用四分管将正电极(7)推至脉冲爆震钻孔(8)底部；
    d、将防爆高压电脉冲发生器(3)的负输出端(5)通过负极电缆(9)连接负电极(10)，利用四分管将负电极(10)推至脉冲爆震导向钻孔(11)底部；
    e、闭合防爆开关(2)向防爆高压电脉冲发生器(3)充电，当防爆高压电脉冲发生器(3)的电压升至设定放电电压时，正电极(7)放电；
    f、当正电极(7)放电20-30次后，断开防爆开关(2)，将正电极(7)和负电极(10)沿着钻孔向外退25cm；
    m、重复步骤e和f多次，直至正负电极距巷帮6m时，断开防爆开关(2)，并将正电极(7)和负电极(10)退出钻孔，然后将脉冲爆震钻孔(8)和脉冲爆震导向钻孔(11)连至瓦斯抽采管网抽采瓦斯。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的井下煤层脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透方法，其特征在于：所述脉冲爆震钻孔(8)距周围四个脉冲爆震导向钻孔(11)的距离为4-6m。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的井下煤层脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透方法，其特征在于：所述防爆高压电脉冲发生器(3)的频率为10-50Hz，电压范围为50-500KV。
PCT/CN2015/099093 2015-04-15 2015-12-28 一种井下煤层脉冲爆震波定向致裂增透方法 WO2016165396A1 (zh)

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