WO2016165294A1 - 低压单相电机 - Google Patents

低压单相电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016165294A1
WO2016165294A1 PCT/CN2015/091559 CN2015091559W WO2016165294A1 WO 2016165294 A1 WO2016165294 A1 WO 2016165294A1 CN 2015091559 W CN2015091559 W CN 2015091559W WO 2016165294 A1 WO2016165294 A1 WO 2016165294A1
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Prior art keywords
motor
winding
capacitor
low
phase motor
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PCT/CN2015/091559
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
范生祥
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南通雄亚机电制造有限公司
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Publication of WO2016165294A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016165294A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines

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  • the present invention relates to the field of electrical equipment, and more particularly to a low voltage single phase motor.
  • the single-phase asynchronous motor refers to a motor with a starting winding and a running winding, and its external power supply is 220V, which is widely used in various small household appliances and daily electrical appliances.
  • Single-phase asynchronous motor should ensure its regulated power supply and standard power supply line in use.
  • the motor In real life, the motor is in a low-voltage working environment during operation and is easy to burn or affect the working performance. Therefore, users with regulated power supply are available. There are very few, especially in special places such as mountainous areas and remote areas, which are more difficult to use and problems will occur frequently.
  • the rural power grid wire is thinner, far away from the main transformer, and the seasonal concentrated power is prominent, causing a large drop in the terminal voltage, resulting in most single-phase motors failing to start up normally, and can be forced to run in time, and burned after a short period of time. This brings great losses to the user.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage single-phase motor, which solves the problems that the motor cannot be normally started due to the low starting voltage of the motor, thereby causing the capacitor to burn out, the second start cannot be used, and the motor is burnt out.
  • the present invention provides a low-voltage single-phase motor, comprising a base, a cylindrical casing disposed on the base, and a capacitor box fixed on the casing, wherein two ends of the casing are respectively provided with a front end cover, a rear end cover, the front end cover, the rear end cover and a rotating shaft disposed along an axial direction of the housing, the rotating shaft is sleeved with a rotor, and the housing is disposed with a circumferential direction along the rotor a stator comprising a stator core and a main winding and a secondary winding wound around the stator core, wherein the rotating shaft is sleeved with a centrifugal switch near a front end of the front end cover, and the capacitor box is symmetrically placed therein a main winding, a starting capacitor electrically connected to the auxiliary winding, and a running capacitor, wherein the capacitor box is further provided with a thyristor M connected to the motor; the thyristor M
  • the inner diameter of the stator is The outer diameter of the rotor is
  • the stator and the rotor have the same height and a height ranging from 75 to 90 mm.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low voltage single-phase motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a capacitor box of a low voltage single-phase motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitor box of a low-voltage single-phase motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a thyristor connection of a low voltage single-phase motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the wiring of the motor when the low-voltage single-phase motor is started according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of motor wiring during normal operation of a low voltage single-phase motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor punching piece of a low-voltage single-phase motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator punching piece of a low-voltage single-phase motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a low-voltage single-phase motor comprising a base, a cylindrical casing 10 disposed on the base, and a capacitor box 20 fixed to the casing, both ends of the casing 10.
  • a front end cover 11 and a rear end cover 12 are respectively disposed, and the front end cover 11 and the rear end cover 12 are connected to the rotating shaft 13 disposed along the axial direction of the housing.
  • the rotating shaft 13 is sleeved with a rotor 15 disposed in the housing 10 along the rotor.
  • a circumferentially distributed stator 14 includes a stator core and a main winding and a secondary winding wound around the stator core.
  • the rotating shaft 15 is disposed near the front end of the front end cover 11 and is provided with a centrifugal switch.
  • the capacitor box 20 is symmetrically placed with the main winding.
  • the starting capacitor C 1 and the running capacitor C 2 are electrically connected to the auxiliary winding, and the thyristor M connected to the motor is further disposed in the capacitor box 20;
  • the inner diameter of the stator 14 is
  • the outer diameter of the rotor 15 is
  • the height of the stator 14 and the rotor 15 is the same and the height is in the range of 75 to 90 mm.
  • the stator 14 and the rotor 15 are preferably of a squirrel-cage structure, and in the case of low-voltage starting, the starting torque is large and the working efficiency is high.
  • the low-voltage single-phase motor provided by the present invention has a "concave” structure and includes symmetrically disposed two-sided cavities 21 and intermediate cavities 22 separated by ribs, and a capacitor box.
  • the recessed side of the 20 is provided with a lead wire through hole 23, and the capacitor case 20 is directly fixedly connected to the motor.
  • the cavity 21 on both sides of the capacitor box 20 of the low-voltage single-phase motor provided by the present invention respectively places a starting capacitor C 1 and a running capacitor C 2 , and a thyristor M and a binding post are placed in the intermediate cavity 22 .
  • the winding outlets of the main winding and the secondary winding of the motor stator 14 are connected to the starting capacitor C 1 and the operating capacitor C 2 in the capacitor case 20 through the lead line through holes 23. 4, when the motor starts, closing the control button T, thyristor M is connected to the resistors R 1, reduce the starting current through the resistors R 1.
  • the static contact K 1 and the movable contact K 2 of the centrifugal switch are both tungsten contacts.
  • the centrifugal switch assists the motor to start, one end of which is connected to the motor secondary winding U 1 and the other end is connected to one end of the starting capacitor C 1 .
  • One end of the starting capacitor C 1 is connected to one end V 2 of the centrifugal switch, and the other end of the starting capacitor C 1 is sequentially connected with the motor secondary winding W 1 Z 1 and the running capacitor C 2 end, and the other end of the running capacitor C 2 and the centrifugal switch
  • the other end V 1 and the main winding U 1 of the motor are connected to the power supply in sequence, and the main winding U 2 and the secondary winding W 2 Z 2 are connected, and the main and auxiliary windings are connected to the power supply.
  • the contacts are easily broken by the arc and stick together. If they are stuck together, the motor cannot be started and the capacitor is easily damaged or the motor winding is burned out.
  • the movable contact K 2 and the static contact K 1 of the centrifugal switch placed at the front end of the rotating shaft are all tungsten contacts, and the melting point of the tungsten contact is high, and the motor is frequently started. Under the contact, the contacts are not easily broken by the arc and stick together, thereby improving the safety performance and the service life of the motor.
  • centrifugal switch stationary contact K 1, K 2 by the movable contact in the closed state FIG 5 is turned off. Since the starting capacitor C 1 is instantaneously charged and discharged, it is not possible to energize for a long time.
  • the centrifugal switch is when the motor reaches a certain speed when starting, the two contacts are separated, so that the starting capacitor C 1 is powered off to avoid capacitor damage.
  • the rotor 15 includes 18 squirrel-cage slots 16 uniformly distributed, and the squirrel-cage slots 16 are each formed by a first arc, a symmetrical bevel, and a second arc.
  • the radius of the circle is 2.65mm, the diameter of the circle where the center of the first arc is located is ⁇ 69.8mm; the radius of the circle where the second arc is located is 1.668mm, and the diameter of the circle where the center of the second arc is located is ⁇ 60. 8mm; the diameter of the shaft 13 is The width of the keyway of the shaft 13 is The height of the rotating shaft 13 and the key groove is 29 mm.
  • the range of the distance and the size of the squirrel cage groove 16 of the rotor 15 is controlled within ⁇ 20% of the above numerical range.
  • the inner diameter of the stator 14 is The outer diameter of the stator 14 is 24 slots 17 are evenly arranged on the stator core, the slot 17 is open at the edge of the inner hole of the stator 14, and a wire slot arc is arranged away from the opening, and the outermost end of the arc of the slot is located at a diameter of On the circle, the radius of the circle where the circular arc is located is 3.94 mm.
  • the low-voltage single-phase motor provided by the embodiment of the present invention passes through the inner diameter of the stator 14 and the rotor 15
  • the size of the outer diameter is set, and the air gap between the stator 14 and the rotor 15 is appropriately increased, so that the air gap between the stator 14 and the rotor 15 is suitable, the stray loss and noise of the motor are reduced, and the motor is improved. Torque and torque.
  • the low-voltage single-phase motor provided by the present invention requires a starting current much lower than the above current value at the current. In the case of lowering, the torque and torque are greater.
  • the height of the rotor 15 and the stator 14 is the same and the height is in the range of 75 to 90 mm.
  • Low-voltage single-phase motor, rotor 15 and stator 14 provided by embodiments of the present invention The same height is beneficial to reduce the occurrence of magnetic flux leakage and improve the efficiency of low-voltage single-phase motors. If the heights of the rotor 15 and the stator 14 are both higher than 90 mm, the torque of the motor is reduced; if the heights of the rotor 15 and the stator 14 are both lower than 75 mm, the motor is easily burnt, resulting in damage.
  • the height of the rotor 15 and the stator 14 are both 80 mm.
  • the inner ring surface of the stator core is uniformly flushed with 24 line slots 17;
  • the main winding includes a first main winding V 1 and a second main winding V 2 , and the auxiliary winding includes a first sub winding W 1 Z 1 and a second pair The windings W 2 Z 2 ;
  • the diameters of the first main winding V 1 and the second main winding V 2 are all three 0.8 mm enameled wires, and the first main winding V 1 and the second main winding V 2 are in the inner coil of 1 to 6 slots.
  • the number is 24 ⁇ , the number of coils is 24 ⁇ in 7 ⁇ 12 slots, 24 ⁇ in 12 ⁇ 18 slots, 24 ⁇ in 18 ⁇ 24 slots;
  • the first secondary winding W 1 Z 1 , the second secondary winding W 2 Z 2 has a diameter of a single 0.85 mm enameled wire, and the first secondary winding W 1 Z 1 and the second secondary winding W 2 Z 2 have a number of coils of 1 to 12 slots.
  • the number of coils in the 13 to 24 slots is 60 ⁇ .
  • the low-voltage single-phase motor provided by the invention is a concentric winding, and the main winding and the secondary winding respectively have two groups. In the process of winding the winding, no matter how the wire diameter changes, the cross-sectional area per turn and the winding of each group The number of turns of the coil must be controlled within ⁇ 10%.
  • the starting capacitor C 1 has a size of 80 to 250 uf
  • the operating capacitor C 2 has a size of 40 to 80 uf.
  • the running capacitor C 2 and the main winding of the motor are connected to the starting capacitor C 1 and the secondary winding of the motor, and the starting capacitor C 1 and the centrifugal switch are connected to the secondary winding of the motor.
  • the size of the starting capacitor C 1 is 80 to 250 uf, which satisfies the short-time withstand voltage requirement of 275 to 330 V at the time of startup, and can extend the startup time and prevent the capacitor from being damaged.
  • the operation of the capacitor C 2 and the capacitor C electrically. 1 starting larger capacitance to increase starting torque of the motor, auxiliary motor start, the start capacitor C is disconnected after start. 1, 2 with the run capacitor C
  • the motor is running.
  • the size of the starting capacitor C 1 is 95 to 110 uf.
  • the low-voltage single-phase motor provided by the invention has a starting capacitor C 1 of 95 to 110 uf, which ensures that the single-phase low-voltage motor provided by the invention satisfies the short-time withstand voltage requirement of about 330V.
  • the operating capacitor C 2 has a size of 60 to 75 uf.
  • the low-voltage single-phase motor provided by the present invention has a running capacitor C 2 of 60 to 75 uf, and satisfies the high voltage requirement of 450 V during operation.
  • the rated speed of the low-voltage single-phase motor is 2800 rpm
  • the rated frequency is 50-60 Hz
  • the rated power is 2.2 kW.
  • the low-voltage single-phase motor provided by the embodiments of the present invention is used in the applications of the refrigerator, the pump, the fan, the small machine tool, the agricultural and sideline industries, and the household appliances, especially in the mechanical equipment of the hydraulic system such as the steam protection hydraulic pressure, the elevator hydraulic pressure, and the like.
  • the capacity is suitable, easy to start, the working current is suitable, the performance of the motor winding is guaranteed, and the electric energy is saved. At the same time, improve work efficiency.
  • the low-voltage single-phase motor provided by the embodiment of the invention overcomes the problem of low-voltage starting at a low voltage of 170V or even a low voltage of 150V by appropriately increasing the air gap between the stator and the rotor, adjusting the ratio of the capacitors, and designing the winding. It can also be started under normal load and run normally.
  • the motor provided by the embodiment of the invention overcomes the problem of ultra-wide voltage fluctuation in design, and any component of the motor is not affected by the big influence in use, so that the performance of the motor is stable, and the user is assured and satisfied. Overcoming the problem of voltage instability in some areas and annoying users.

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Abstract

一种低压单相电机，包括底座、设置在底座上的筒状壳体（10）以及固定在壳体上的电容盒（20），壳体的两端分别设置有前端盖（11）、后端盖（12），连接前端盖、后端盖且沿壳体的轴线方向设置的转轴（13），转轴上套设有转子（15），壳体内设置有沿转子周向分布的定子（14），定子包括定子铁芯以及缠绕定子铁芯的主绕组（U1，U2）、副绕组（W1Z1，W2Z2），转轴靠近前端盖的前端套设有离心开关，电容盒内对称设置有启动电容（C1）、运转电容（C2），电容盒内还设置有可控硅（M）。该低压单相电机，满足单相异步电机在低电压启动情况下的正常工作，通过外置电容盒可直接控制电动机的起停，延长电动机寿命，简化结构、提高电动机的性能，降低电动机的成本。

Description

低压单相电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电机设备领域，尤其涉及一种低压单相电机。
背景技术
单相异步电机是指具有启动绕组和运行绕组的电动机，其外接电源为220V，被广泛的应用于各种小家电及日常电器。
单相异步电机在使用时应确保其稳压电源、标准电源线，而在现实生活中，电机在工作过程中处于低电压的工作环境而容易烧毁或者影响工作性能，故具备稳压电源的用户寥寥无几，尤其在山区、边远地区等特殊地方使用更为困难，问题会频繁发生。例如农村电网导线较细，离主变压器远，季节性集中用电突出，致使端电压落差很大，导致绝大部分单相电机不能正常启动运转，及时能够勉强运转，时间不长就会烧毁，这给用户带来很大的损失。即使在供电较畅通的地区，也会出现部分用户电网容量小、电压偏低，达不到电机额定电压220V,尤其在电机起动过程中电压低至150V，在这种情况下，现有的单相异步电机不能正常起动。
单相异步电机的种类很多，但其基本结构都相同，一般多是由定子、转子、轴承、机壳、端盖等部件组成，大多数电机制造产家生产的单相异步电机，存在以下不足：若启动电压偏低，则会引起电机不能正常启动，从而导致电容烧坏，二次启动无法使用，电机烧坏；电机外置的接触器，不能敏感快速的控制电动机的起停，从而在电动机频繁启动的情况下电容或者电机绕组容易被损坏，从而缩短了电机的使用寿命。为此，研制一种保证单相电机始终能够正常运转而不再被烧毁的低压单相电机，对大幅降低单相电机用户的维修成本，节约电能都具有重要意义。
发明内容
在下文中给出关于本发明的简要概述，以便提供关于本发明的某些方面的基本理解。应当理解，这个概述并不是关于本发明的穷举性概述。 它并不是意图确定本发明的关键或重要部分，也不是意图限定本发明的范围。其目的仅仅是以简化的形式给出某些概念，以此作为稍后论述的更详细描述的前序。
本发明的目的是提供一种低压单相电机，解决现有的电动机因启动电压偏低造成的电机不能正常启动，从而导致电容烧坏，二次启动无法使用，电机烧坏等问题。
本发明提供了一种低压单相电机，包括底座、设置在所述底座上的筒状壳体以及固定在所述壳体上的电容盒，所述壳体的两端分别设置有前端盖、后端盖，连接所述前端盖、所述后端盖且沿所述壳体的轴线方向设置的转轴，所述转轴上套设有转子，所述壳体内设置有沿所述转子周向分布的定子，所述定子包括定子铁芯以及缠绕所述定子铁芯的主绕组、副绕组，所述转轴靠近所述前端盖的前端套设有离心开关，所述电容盒内对称放置有与所述主绕组、所述副绕组电性连接的启动电容、运转电容，所述电容盒内还设置有与电机相连接的可控硅M；所述可控硅M电性连接一电阻R1，所述电阻R1电性连接控制按钮T；
所述定子内孔径为
Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-000001
转子的外径为
Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-000002
所述定子与所述转子的高度相同且高度的范围为75～90mm。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)通过对电动机定子、转子、线圈绕组等结构的改进，满足单相电机在低电压启动情况下的正常工作，保护电容；
(2)通过在电动机外的电容盒内设置可控硅以及控制按钮可快速控制电动机的起停，从而保护电动机在频繁启动的情况下能够正常工作，降低电动机因低压以及频繁启动情况造成的损坏；
(3)延长电动机的使用寿命，简化结构的同时提高电动机的性能，大幅降低单相电机用户的维修成本，节约电能的低压启动。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技 术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的低压单相电机的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例提供的低压单相电机的电容盒的俯视图。
图3为本发明实施例提供的低压单相电机的电容盒的结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例提供的低压单相电机的可控硅接线示意图。
图5为本发明实施例提供的低压单相电机启动时的电机接线示意图。
图6为本发明实施例提供的低压单相电机正常运转时的电机接线示意图。
图7为本发明实施例提供的低压单相电机的转子冲片的结构示意图。
图8为本发明实施例提供的低压单相电机的定子冲片的结构示意图。
附图标记：
10-壳体                 11-前端盖            12-后端盖
13-转轴                 14-定子              15-转子
16-鼠笼槽               17-线槽              20-电容盒
21-两侧空腔             22-中间空腔          23-引出线通孔
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。在本发明的一个附图或一种实施方式中描述的元素和特征可以与一个或更多个其它附图或实施方式中示出的元素和特征相结合。应当注意，为了清楚的目的，附图和说明中省略了与本发明无关的、本领域普通技术人员已知的部件和处理的表示和描述。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有 其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1、图2所示，本发明提供了一种低压单相电机，包括底座、设置在底座上的筒状壳体10以及固定在壳体上的电容盒20，壳体10的两端分别设置有前端盖11、后端盖12，连接前端盖11、后端盖12且沿壳体的轴线方向设置的转轴13，转轴13上套设有转子15，壳体10内设置有沿转子15周向分布的定子14，定子14包括定子铁芯以及缠绕定子铁芯的主绕组、副绕组，转轴15靠近前端盖11的前端套设有离心开关，电容盒20内对称放置有与主绕组、副绕组电性连接的启动电容C1、运转电容C2，电容盒20内还设置有与电机相连接的可控硅M；定子14内孔径为
Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-000003
转子15的外径为
Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-000004
定子14与转子15的高度相同且高度的范围为75～90mm。此外，本发明中将定子14、转子15优选为鼠笼式结构，在低压启动的情况下，使得启动转矩大，工作效率高。
如图2、图3所示，本发明提供的低压单相电机，电容盒20为“凹”形结构且包括由筋板分开的对称设置的两侧空腔21以及中间空腔22，电容盒20内凹的一侧设置有引出线通孔23，电容盒20与电机直接固定连接。本发明提供的低压单相电机的电容盒20的两侧空腔21分别放置启动电容C1、运转电容C2，中间空腔22内放置有可控硅M以及接线柱。电机定子14的主绕组、副绕组的绕组出线通过引出线通孔23与电容盒20内的启动电容C1、运转电容C2连接。如图4所示，在电机启动的时候，控制按钮T合上，可控硅M与电阻R1相连接，通过电阻R1降低启动电流。
进一步地，如图5、图6所示，离心开关的静触点K1、动触点K2均为钨触点。离心开关辅助电机启动，其一端与电机副绕组U1相连，另一端与启动电容C1的一端相连。单相异步电机启动时，在转子15静止的情况下导通开关，达到一定转速时离心开关断开。
如图5所示，本实施例中电机启动时离心开关的静触点K1、动触点K2相接触导通开始启动，达到一定转速时离心开关断开，自动切断启动回路，启动结束，电机变成运行状态。启动电容C1的一端连接离心开关的一端V2,启动电容C1的另一端与和电机副绕组W1Z1、运转电容C2一端顺次相连，运转电容C2的另一端与离心开关另一端V1、电机主绕组U1相顺次连接电源，电机主绕组U2和副绕组W2Z2相连接，主、副绕组公共端接电源。在频繁启动的情况下，触点容易被电弧击坏而粘 在一起，如若粘在一起，电机则无法启动，并且容易损坏电容或者烧坏电机绕组。本发明的实施例提供的低压单相电机，其转轴前端安放的离心开关的动触点K2、静触点K1均为钨触点，钨触点的熔点高，在电机频繁启动的情况下，触点不容易被电弧击坏而粘在一起，从而提高了电机的安全性能以及使用寿命。
如图6所示，当电机正常运转时，离心开关的静触点K1、动触点K2由图5中的闭合状态变为断开。由于启动电容C1是瞬间充放电，故不可长时间通电。离心开关是当电机启动时达到一定转速后，两个触点分离，从而使启动电容C1断电，避免电容器损坏。
进一步地，如图7所示，转子15包括均匀分布的18个鼠笼槽16，鼠笼槽16均由第一圆弧、对称斜边以及第二圆弧顺次连接组成；第一圆弧所在圆的半径为2.65mm，第一圆弧的圆心所在的圆的直径为Φ69.8mm；第二圆弧所在圆的半径为1.668mm，第二圆弧的圆心所在的圆的直径为Φ60.8mm；转轴13的直径为
Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-000005
转轴13的键槽的宽为
Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-000006
转轴13与键槽的高度为29mm。本实施例中，转子15的鼠笼槽16之间距离、尺寸的可变化范围控制在上述数值范围的±20％以内。
如图8所示，定子14的内孔径大小为
Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-000007
定子14的外径的大小为
Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-000008
定子铁芯上均匀设置有24个线槽17，线槽17在定子14内孔的边缘为开口，远离开口的部分设置有线槽圆弧，线槽圆弧的最外端位于直径大小为
Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-000009
的圆上，线槽圆弧所在的圆的半径大小3.94mm。
通过上述对鼠笼槽16、线槽17的尺寸设计，以及定子14、转子15的内外径的尺寸设计，本发明的实施例提供的低压单相电机，通过对定子14的内孔径以及转子15的外径的尺寸大小进行设置，适当增大定子14与转子15之间的气隙，使得定子14、转子15两者之间气隙间距较合适，减少电动机的杂散损耗以及噪声，提高电动机的转矩与力矩。在带动相同负载启动的情况下，例如在一般的电动机所需的启动电流为70～80A的情况下，本发明提供的低压单相电机，所需的启动电流远低于上述电流值，在电流降低的情况下，转矩与力矩更大。
进一步地，转子15与定子14的高度相同且高度的范围为75～90mm。本发明的实施例提供的低压单相电机，转子15与定子14 的高度相同，有利于减少漏磁现象的产生，提高低压单相电机的效率。如果转子15与定子14的高度均高于90mm，则电机的转矩减小；如果转子15与定子14的高度均低于75mm，则电机容易发烫，导致损坏。
进一步地，转子15与定子14的高度均为80mm。
进一步地，定子铁芯内圆圈表面均匀冲有24个线槽17；主绕组包括第一主绕组V1、第二主绕组V2，副绕组包括第一副绕组W1Z1、第二副绕组W2Z2；第一主绕组V1、第二主绕组V2的直径均为3根0.8mm的漆包线，第一主绕组V1、第二主绕组V2在1～6槽内线圈数均为24匝，在7～12槽内线圈数均为24匝，在12～18槽内线圈数均为24匝，在18～24槽内线圈数均为24匝；第一副绕组W1Z1、第二副绕组W2Z2的直径为单根0.85mm的漆包线，第一副绕组W1Z1、第二副绕组W2Z2在1～12槽线圈数均为60匝，在13～24槽线圈数均为60匝。本发明提供的低压单相电机为同心式绕组，且主绕组、副绕组，分别有两组，在绕制绕组的过程中，无论线径的大小如何变换，每圈截面积、每组绕组的线圈的圈数都得控制在±10％以内。
进一步地，启动电容C1大小为80～250uf，运转电容C2的大小为40～80uf。运转电容C2、电机主绕组均与启动电容C1、电机副绕组相连，启动电容C1、离心开关连接电机副绕组。启动电容C1的大小为80～250uf,满足启动时瞬间短时的耐压要求275～330V，能够使启动时间延长，电容不易损坏。在启动时，将运转电容C2并上电容较大的启动电C1容来增大电机的启动转矩，辅助电机启动，在启动之后断开启动电容C1，由运行电容C2随着电动机运转。
进一步地，启动电容C1的大小为95～110uf。本发明提供的低压单相电机，当启动电容C1的大小为95～110uf，保证本发明提供的单相低压电机满足短时耐压要求在330V左右。
进一步地，运转电容C2的大小为60～75uf。本发明提供的低压单相电机，当运转电容C2的大小60～75uf，满足运转时的高压要求450V。
进一步地，低压单相电机的额定转速为2800转/分，额定频率为50～60Hz，额定功率为2.2kw。本发明的实施例提供的低压单相电机，在冷冻机、泵、风机、小型机床以及农副业和家用电器的应用方面，尤其在汽保液压、升降机液压等液压系统的机械设备方面，电动机的容量合适，便于启动，工作电流合适，保证电动机绕组的性能，节省电能的 同时，提高工作效率。
本发明的实施例提供的低压单相电机，通过适当增大定子、转子间的气隙，调节电容的配比，以及设计绕组，克服了在低压170V，甚至在低压150V时低压启动的问题，也能正常负载启动，正常运行。本发明的实施例提供的电动机在设计上克服了超宽电压波动的问题，电机的任何部件在使用中而不受大的影响，使电机的性能稳定，让用户用得放心、称心。克服了某些地区电压不稳而使用户烦恼的问题。
最后应说明的是：虽然以上已经详细说明了本发明及其优点，但是应当理解在不超出由所附的权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以进行各种改变、替代和变换。而且，本发明的范围不仅限于说明书所描述的过程、设备、手段、方法和步骤的具体实施例。本领域内的普通技术人员从本发明的公开内容将容易理解，根据本发明可以使用执行与在此所述的相应实施例基本相同的功能或者获得与其基本相同的结果的、现有和将来要被开发的过程、设备、手段、方法或者步骤。因此，所附的权利要求旨在在它们的范围内包括这样的过程、设备、手段、方法或者步骤。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种低压单相电机，包括底座、设置在所述底座上的筒状壳体以及固定在所述壳体上的电容盒，所述壳体的两端分别设置有前端盖、后端盖，连接所述前端盖、所述后端盖且沿所述壳体的轴线方向设置的转轴，所述转轴上套设有转子，所述壳体内设置有沿所述转子周向分布的定子，所述定子包括定子铁芯以及缠绕所述定子铁芯的主绕组、副绕组，其特征在于，所述转轴靠近所述前端盖的前端套设有离心开关，所述电容盒内对称放置有与所述主绕组、所述副绕组电性连接的启动电容、运转电容，所述电容盒内还设置有与电机相连接的可控硅；所述可控硅电性连接一电阻，所述电阻电性连接控制按钮；
    所述定子内孔径为
    Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-100001
    转子的外径为
    Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-100002
    所述定子与所述转子的高度相同且高度的范围为75～90mm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的低压单相电机，其特征在于，所述离心开关的静触点、动触点均为钨触点。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的低压单相电机，其特征在于，所述转子包括均匀分布的18个鼠笼槽，所述鼠笼槽均由第一圆弧、对称斜边以及第二圆弧顺次连接组成；所述第一圆弧所在圆的半径为2.65mm，所述第一圆弧的圆心所在的圆的直径为Φ69.8mm；所述第二圆弧所在圆的半径为1.668mm，所述第二圆弧的圆心所在的圆的直径为Φ60.8mm；所述转轴的直径为
    Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-100003
    所述转轴的键槽的宽为
    Figure PCTCN2015091559-appb-100004
    所述转轴与所述键槽的高度为29mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的低压单相电机，所述转子与所述定子的高度均为80mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的低压单相电机，其特征在于，所述定子铁芯内圆圈表面均匀冲有24个线槽；
    所述主绕组包括第一主绕组、第二主绕组，所述副绕组包括第一副绕组、第二副绕组；所述第一主绕组、所述第二主绕组的直径均为3根0.8mm的漆包线，所述第一主绕组、所述第二主绕组在1～6槽线圈数均为24匝，在7～12槽线圈数均为24匝，在12～18槽线圈数均为24匝，在18～24槽线圈数均为24匝；
    所述第一副绕组、所述第二副绕组的直径为单根0.85mm的漆包线，所述第一副绕组、所述第二副绕组在1～12槽线圈数均为60匝，在13～24槽线圈数均为60匝。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的低压单相电机，其特征在于，所述启动电容大小为80～150uf，所述运转电容的大小为40～80uf。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的低压单相电机，其特征在于，所述启动电容的大小为95～110uf。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的低压单相电机，其特征在于，所述运转电容的大小为60～75uf。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任意一项所述的低压单相电机，其特征在于，所述低压单相电机的额定转速为2800转/分，额定频率为50～60Hz，额定功率为2.2kw。
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