WO2016159313A1

WO2016159313A1 - Power transmission system

Info

Publication number: WO2016159313A1
Application number: PCT/JP2016/060825
Authority: WO
Inventors: 原川　健一
Original assignee: 株式会社ＥｘＨ
Priority date: 2015-03-31
Filing date: 2016-03-31
Publication date: 2016-10-06
Also published as: JP2018093557A

Abstract

Provided is a power transmission system capable of transmitting power only in a necessary area. The system includes a plurality of adjacently arranged power transmitting apparatuses and a power receiving apparatus placed over at least two power transmitting apparatuses. The power transmitting apparatuses each include an AC power source device that generates an AC power source having a normal phase or a reverse phase, and a power transmission electrode coupled to the AC power source device. The power receiving apparatus includes: at least two power reception electrodes that are capacitivity-coupled with the respective power transmission electrodes provided to the at least two power transmitting apparatuses over which the power receiving apparatus is placed; at least two pairs of half-wave rectifier circuits that are each provided to the corresponding power reception electrode and that are provided with rectifying elements in different directions from each other; and an output terminal shared by the at least two pairs of half-wave rectifier circuits. The AC power source devices provided to the respective power transmitting apparatuses over which the power receiving apparatus is placed generate AC power sources having a phase which is opposite to the phase of the AC power source generated by the AC power source device provided to the adjacent power transmitting apparatus.

Description

Power transmission system

The present invention relates to a power transmission system for transmitting power to various loads.

The present inventor has already invented the “electric field coupling method” as a new method of electric power transmission, and has further already described a circuit technology capable of realizing the new method (hereinafter referred to as “electric field coupling electric power transmission technology”). Invented (see Patent Document 1).
In electric field coupled power transmission technology, two metal plates (conductive plates) are made to face each other, and a capacitor (such a capacitor is hereinafter referred to as a “junction capacitance”) is formed using these two metal plates as electrode pairs. In this state, non-contact power transmission is realized by flowing a high-frequency current.

The power transmission system to which the electric field coupled power transmission technology is applied includes a power transmission unit that transmits power from a power source and a power reception unit that receives power from the power transmission unit and supplies the power to a load. In this case, the junction capacitance is formed by making the metal plate (electrode) provided at the end of the power transmission unit and the metal plate (electrode) provided at the tip of the power reception unit face each other.

As a conventional non-contact power transmission system to which electric field coupling power transmission technology is applied, there is a power transmission system using series resonance (see Patent Document 2).
FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a conventional non-contact power transmission system to which the electric field coupled power transmission technology is applied.
In the conventional non-contact power transmission system, the fixed body 801 disposed in the power transmission region 800 includes

power transmission electrodes

805 and 806.
In addition, the movable body 803 disposed in the power supplied region 802 includes

power receiving electrodes

807 and 808 that are disposed so as to face the

power transmitting electrodes

805 and 806 in a non-contact manner.
A coupling capacitor 809 is constituted by the

power transmitting electrodes

805 and 806 and the

power receiving electrodes

807 and 808 opposed to each other.
A series resonance circuit is formed by the coupling capacitor 809 and the coil 810 provided in the movable body 803.
By converting the DC power source 815 to an AC power source having a resonance frequency by the switching control unit 816 including the switching control unit 111 and the transistors 112 and 113, power transmission can be performed from the fixed body 801 to the movable body 803 in a resonance state. .
In this conventional non-contact power transmission system, the

power receiving electrodes

807 and 808 are sufficiently larger than the separation distance between the

power transmitting electrodes

805 and 806 so that neither of the

power receiving electrodes

807 and 808 straddles both the power transmitting electrode 805 and the power transmitting electrode 806. It is formed to have a narrow width.

However, in this conventional non-contact power transmission system, the

power receiving electrodes

807 and 808 and the

power transmitting electrodes

805 and 806 are not disposed at positions that completely correspond to each other in the vertical direction depending on the arrangement position of the movable body 803. As a result, the

power receiving electrodes

807 and 808 may be arranged so as to cover only a part of the

power transmitting electrodes

805 and 806.
In this case, the capacitor capacity of the coupling capacitor 809 is deviated from the predetermined capacity, and the predetermined series resonance condition is not satisfied, which may reduce the power transmission efficiency.

For this reason, the inventors of the present application further proposed a non-contact power transmission system using parallel resonance instead of series resonance (see Patent Document 3).
FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of a conventional non-contact power transmission system, which is different from FIG.
In this conventional non-contact power transmission system, an inductance 920 and a capacitor 921 are connected in parallel to the

power transmission electrodes

905 and 906.
The inductance 920, the capacitor 921, and the coupling capacitor 909 form a parallel resonant circuit. As a result, power transmission can be performed from the fixed body 901 to the movable body 903 in a resonance state.
In particular, since the impedance of the load portion can be increased, a voltage drop in the coupling capacitor 909 can be reduced, and stable power transmission can be performed regardless of fluctuations in the capacitance of the coupling capacitor 909.
Even in this conventional non-contact power transmission system, the power receiving electrode 907 has a width sufficiently narrower than the separation distance between the

power transmission electrodes

905 and 906 so as not to straddle both the power transmission electrode 905 and the power transmission electrode 906. Formed to have.

JP 2009-38329 A JP 2009-89520 A JP 2010-193692 A

However, the power transmission system described in Patent Document 3 includes an inductance and a capacitor connected in parallel to each of the power transmission electrodes. When the power transmission electrodes are arranged in a wide range, the power transmission system includes the wide range of power transmission electrodes. Since it is necessary to supply the current flowing through the resonance circuit from the power source, there is a problem that the capacity of the power source becomes extremely large.

In addition, if the conventional non-contact power transmission system is an electromagnetic induction system, “copper is used extensively”, “free position is difficult in high power applications”, “ferrite and copper coils are used and heavy”, There is also a problem that “communication function must be prepared separately and it is difficult to integrate communication and power transmission”.
In addition, in the case of the magnetic resonance method, “if a conductive loop is present in order to distribute a high-frequency magnetic field in the space, heat will be generated”, “If used only for low power applications, it will be used in combination with an outlet, There are further problems such as “it will not be a thimble system”, “there is a heat generating part”, “communication function must be prepared separately, and it is difficult to integrate communication and power transmission”.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and in a power transmission system using an electric field coupling technique, is a power transmission system capable of achieving a free position by non-contact, and only in a necessary range. An object is to provide a power transmission system capable of power transmission.

In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the power transmission system can have the following configuration.

According to the present invention,
A power transmission system comprising a plurality of power transmission side devices arranged adjacent to each other, and a power reception side device placed across at least two power transmission side devices included in the plurality of power transmission side devices,
Each of the plurality of power transmission side devices is:
An AC power supply device for generating a positive phase AC power source or a reverse phase AC power source;
A power transmission electrode coupled to the AC power supply;
With
The power receiving device is:
At least two power receiving electrodes that are capacitively coupled to the power transmitting electrodes respectively provided in at least two power transmitting side devices on which the power receiving side devices are mounted;
At least two pairs of half-wave rectifier circuits corresponding to at least two power receiving electrodes, respectively, each pair of half-wave rectifier circuits including rectifier elements in opposite directions to each other. Circuit,
An output terminal common to at least two pairs of the half-wave rectifier circuits;
With
The AC power supply device provided in at least two power transmission devices on which the power receiving device is mounted is opposite to the phase of the AC power generated by the AC power supply device provided in the power transmission device adjacent to the power transmission device. An electric power transmission system is provided that generates an AC power supply having a phase of.

According to the present invention, power can be transmitted only within a necessary range.

It is a figure which shows the free position electric power transmission panel and power receiving body by embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 1. (A) And (b) is the perspective view and top view which show the detail of the block shown in FIG. 1, respectively. It is a block diagram which shows the internal structure of the communication control part shown in FIG. It is a circuit diagram which shows the internal structure of the communication control part shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the radiation reduction by an overhang and a back layer. It is a figure which shows the inductance for efficiency fall prevention by the parasitic capacitance by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows operation | movement of the power transmission panel when there exists a power receiving body in the center of the power transmission panel by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the topcoat layer by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the care robot by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the free position on the desk by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the 1st example of the mode of the electric field communication by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the 2nd example of the mode of the electric field communication by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the 3rd example of the mode of the electric field communication by embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram of the fixed body and movable body which concern on the conventional non-contact electric power transmission system. It is a circuit diagram of the fixed body and movable body which concern on the other conventional power transmission system.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

(1) Structure of free-position power transmission panel and power receiver FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of the free-position power transmission panel and power receiver. FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of a part thereof. As shown in FIG. 1, a power transmission panel 101 is provided at the lower portion, and a power receiving unit 131 is placed thereon. Although not shown in FIG. 1, the power transmission panel 101 is manufactured in an easy-to-handle size, and they are continuously arranged in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional manner in a plane to construct a table surface or a floor surface. (In the case of a table, it may be made of a single plate.) These power transmission panels 101 are fed with direct current, and devices and the like can perform two-way communication via the power transmission panel 101 and the LAN 175.

The power receiving unit 131 includes arranged power receiving electrodes 133, a pair of rectifier diodes 135 having different directions are connected to each power receiving electrode 133, and some of the power receiving electrodes 133 are positive. When the other part of the plurality of power receiving electrodes rides on the negative power transmitting electrode 121, they are automatically identified by the rectifier diode 135 and rectified by the smoothing capacitor 137. The power can be supplied to the load 143 by smoothing, and a part of the energy can be stored in the storage battery 141. In addition, the power receiving side communication control unit 139 can be supplied with power from the smoothing capacitor 137 or the storage battery 141.
Further, communication with the power transmission panel 101 can be performed.
The power reception unit 131 is entirely covered with a shield cover 145. The edge portion of the shield cover 145 is referred to as an overhang 147 and covers the periphery of the power receiving unit. Here, the peripheral portion of the power receiving unit is, for example, a region between the overhang inner edge and the overhang outer edge shown in FIG. By using this overhang 147, the operator can avoid touching the power transmitting electrode 121 that is generating power.
When the operator lifts the power reception unit 131 and tries to touch the power transmission electrode 121, the impedance of the circuit including the coupling capacitor (the power transmission electrode 121 and the power reception electrode 133) increases. For this reason, power transmission automatically stops. As a result, the operator cannot touch the active electrode.
The frequency used for power transmission is the MHz band, and the frequency used for communication is the GHz band. For this reason, since communication is possible even if the power transmission is lifted to the extent that power transmission is not possible, the control system (communication system) is more reliable than the controlled system (power transmission system).
Communication is performed by generating a potential difference between the shield cover 145 and the power receiving electrode 133. The reception of non-contact power is different from using a potential difference between at least two power reception electrodes 133. In more detail, the downlink transmission signal from the communication transceiver 177 includes a non-attenuating two-dimensional waveguide 163, a power transmission side communication control unit 113, an inverter 115, a power transmission electrode 121, a power reception electrode 133, and a rectifier diode 135. Is received by the power receiving side communication control unit 139. Here, the inverter 115 modulates the AC power supply by the downstream transmission signal. The uplink transmission signal from the reception-side communication control unit 139 is received by the communication transceiver 177 via the reverse path (except for the inverter).

The power transmission panel 101 includes a DC / communication base plate 161, a block array 111A (in which a plurality of blocks 111 are arranged, see FIG. 6), a back layer 119, a power transmission electrode 121, a top coat 123, and a frame (not shown). To be included).

The DC / communication base plate 161 is a panel having a three-layer structure (upper layer 161-1, intermediate layer 161-2, and lower layer 161-3), and the panels of the upper layer 161-1 and the lower layer 161-3 are connected at the ends. Therefore, it has a closed structure (shield structure).
Between the intermediate layer panel 161-2 and the upper layer panel 161-1, a material that transmits electromagnetic waves, such as foam, is disposed. Between the intermediate layer panel 161-2 and the upper layer panel 161-1, The region 163 functions as a non-attenuating two-dimensional waveguide 163. Protrusions are formed in the intermediate layer 161-2 and the upper layer 161-1 in accordance with the positions of the arranged blocks 111 so that they can be connected to the upper part (specifically, the block 111) in the upper part with a coaxial structure.
Since the electromagnetic wave propagating through the two-dimensional waveguide is in contact with the outside only at a portion where the physical protrusion is present, the coupling coefficient can be set low, so that the multiple reflection in the non-attenuated two-dimensional waveguide 163 is small. Further, a radio wave absorbing material is disposed between the intermediate layer 161-2 and the lower layer 161-3, and a region 165 between the intermediate layer 161-2 and the lower layer 161-3 is formed as an attenuating two-dimensional waveguide. It has become.
Further, the intermediate layer 161-2 is not in contact with the shield portion closed by the upper layer 161-1 and the lower layer 161-3 at the end. For this reason, the electromagnetic wave that has traveled through the non-attenuating two-dimensional waveguide 163 is guided to the attenuating two-dimensional waveguide 165 with almost no reflection.
Since the electromagnetic wave absorber is disposed in the attenuating two-dimensional waveguide 165, it attenuates as it travels in the two-dimensional plane. In order to prevent reflection, the radio wave absorber is arranged so that the impedance does not change so much in the peripheral portion, and the absorption characteristic is improved as it goes to the central portion.
In the central part of the lower layer 161-3, the electromagnetic wave hardly oozes out, and there is no problem even if the opening 161-4 is opened in this central part.
From this opening 161-4, DC power is fed between the intermediate layer 161-2 and the shield. Further, a probe antenna 179 for the communication transceiver 177 is set up at the center 161-5 of the upper layer 161-1 through the lower layer 161-3.

Since the attenuating two-dimensional waveguide 165 can gradually absorb electromagnetic waves using the width of the panel, a communication environment with very little reflection can be constructed.
The tip of each protrusion is a coaxial line and can supply direct current, a clock signal, and a communication wave to the block 111. Each block 111 includes a power transmission side communication control unit 113, an inverter 115, an inductance 125, and switches S1, S2, and V. By changing the frequency or phase of the output AC signal of the inverter 115, communication by phase modulation can be performed in the frequency band corresponding to each of the non-contact power transmission mode and the electric field communication mode. Each block 111 is further provided with a back layer 119, which functions as a common ground when communicating with the power receiver. The back layer 119 is also effective for reducing the radiation electric field in the power receiving unit 131. However, since it is attached in the vicinity of the power transmission electrode 121, the parasitic capacitance 120 is generated, and the transmission efficiency is lowered. In order to prevent this, an inductance 125 that resonates in parallel with the parasitic capacitance 120 is provided.

(2) Block Since each block 111 is made according to the same standard, the cost can be reduced by the mass production effect. Furthermore, each block 111 is connected to the periphery at 11 points of contact.
A perforated metal panel constituting the back layer 119 is arranged on the block array 111A in which the blocks 111 are arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally, and each block 111 and the power transmission electrode 121 are connected through the holes. Has been. The gap between the back layer 119 and the power transmission electrode 121 is adjusted for the distance, the size of the dielectric material inserted therein, and the dielectric constant, thereby forming a parasitic capacitance between the back layer 119 and the power transmission electrode 121. Adjustment is made so that the value of 120 becomes a desired value. As a result, the resonance circuit formed by the capacitance and the inductance 125 described above is desired in consideration of transmission efficiency.

The power transmission panel 101 has a structure in which three elements of (1) the DC / communication plate 161, (2) the block array 111A, and (3) the back layer 119 and the panel 122 including the power transmission electrode 121 are connected to each other. We are thinking so that we can do it. Furthermore, depending on the thickness of the block, if it can be thinned, the whole can be made thin.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are a schematic view and a plan view of a block, respectively.

The block 111 includes a power transmission side communication control unit 113 and an inverter 115, and

lines

127 and 128 connecting from the top of the inverter 115 to the power transmission electrode 121 are provided. A communication coupling capacitor 117 is disposed around the line 128, and a transmission / reception changeover switch V for half-duplex electric field communication is attached between the line 127 and the line 128. . The switch V connects the line 128 and the line 127 at the time of transmission so that the input / output unit of the transceiver 213 is connected to the line 127. At the time of reception, the line V is connected to the line 127 and the line 129 so The input unit of the receiver 217 is connected. Furthermore, from the line 128, the inductance 125 comes out in four directions, and these are connected to the inductance 125 of the adjacent block 111 in the four directions.

The other output Z of the inverter 115 is distributed in four directions, and switches S1 and S2 are attached to two of them, and the other output Z of the inverter 115 is adjacent via the switches S1 and S2. It is connected to the block 111. Switching signals for the switches S1 and S2 are output from the transmission-side communication control unit 113. The terminal Z is also connected to the four surrounding blocks 111, but two of them are connected via the switches S1 and S2 as described above. The inverters 115 of the block 111 connected to each other via the switch S1 and the switch S2 are synchronized by a synchronization signal passing through the terminal Z. However, the phases of the inverters of the adjacent blocks 111 are different by 180 degrees.

The terminal Z of the inverter is also connected to the back layer 119 via a switch 218 inside the power transmission side communication control unit 113. When switch 218 is connected, a current path is formed.

3 and 3B are a block diagram and a circuit diagram showing an internal configuration of the power transmission side communication control unit 113, respectively.

The DC power is received from the DC / communication base plate 161 and the communication signal is transmitted / received. A clock signal is also superimposed on the DC power from the DC power source 171.

Part of the electric power is stored in the power supply unit 207, and the electric power is supplied to a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 209, a transceiver 213, a gate driver 211, and the like. The communication signal line 128 and the communication coupling 117 are connected to the transceiver 213. The clock signal supplied by being superimposed on the DC power is separated by a BPF (Band Pass Filter) 201, shaped by a waveform shaping circuit 205, and sent to the CPU 209.
A signal from a server (not shown) connected via the LAN 175 is received via the transceiver 213 and adjustment with the adjacent block 111 is performed. Furthermore, since the transceiver 213 communicates with the power receiver, the transceiver 213 can receive a power transmission stop request due to the convenience of the power receiver, and can also recognize whether or not the power receiver is a simple metal piece. If the inverter 115 is provided with a transmission current monitoring function, it can be recognized whether the transmission current is within a normal range. When the transmission current is reduced, the output of the gate driver 211 can be stopped immediately and the output of the inverter 115 can be stopped.

The clock signal generated by the clock signal generator 173 is superimposed on the DC power transmission line 221, and the phases of the power transmission panels 101 are matched. Thereby, non-contact power transmission and electric field communication are possible seamlessly between the power transmission panels 101.

The gate driver 211 for the inverter 115 causes a gate signal having a predetermined frequency and a predetermined phase to flow through the transistors constituting the inverter 115. When the inverter 115 is used as a generator for electric field communication, the output of the inverter 115 is modulated with a transmission signal. As a modulation method, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) or the like is used.

The switch controller 215 controls the power transmission range by operating the switches S1 and S2 between the block 111 and the connecting block 111. Further, the switch controller 215 controls the switch V to switch circuits when the inverter 115 is used for power transmission and when it is used for electric field communication. Further, the switch controller 215 controls the switch V to switch between the transmission mode and the reception mode when performing electric field communication.

The electric field communication receiver 217 converts the signal received by the electric field communication into data and transmits it to the CPU 209.

The CPU 209 also performs integrated management, situation determination based on sensor data, data delivery and temporary storage functions. The CPU 209 incorporates or is connected to a circuit such as a memory (not shown).

(3) Measures for reducing electromagnetic wave radiation The free-position power transmission panel 101 is considered to move to a device of several kW. For example, there are a laser printer, a teppanyaki machine, a toaster, a laminator, a juicer, and the like. If you can move to these devices, you can simplify the system.
In addition to moving only low-power devices in a free position, in the case of a system, large electrode devices need to be powered from an outlet. For this reason, free-position power transmission equipment, which is a new power transmission interface, and conventional outlets are mixed, and the system is not simple and beautiful.

In order to wipe out the outlets into a simple system, electromagnetic radiation must be reduced even when using high-power equipment. As such a countermeasure, a shield cover 145 covering the power receiver and an overhang 147 provided on the peripheral edge thereof are necessary. Further, a back layer 119 provided below the power transmission electrode 121 is required.
That is, as shown in FIG. 4A, the driven power transmission electrode 121-A is not driven (that is, grounded or connected to the input unit of the receiver 217 instead of the input / output unit of the transceiver 213). At the boundary with the power transmission electrode 121-C, the overhang 147, the back layer 119, and the non-drive power transmission electrode 121-C are charged with a polarity opposite to that of the driven power transmission electrode 121-A. appear. However, if the overhang 147 extends to the non-drive power transmission electrode 121-C, the electric field generated between the polarity of the driven power transmission electrode 121-A and the surrounding reverse polarity charge induced by the drive electrode is It is contained without leaving the space. Since there are the overhang 147, the non-drive power transmission electrode 121-C, and the back layer 119 that are charged with a common polarity at the end face with the space, no displacement current flows in the space.

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating a state where the shield cover 145 and the back layer 119 are not provided. If there is no back layer, an electric field is generated between the drive power transmission electrodes charged with different charges (phases are inverted) to radiate electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic waves radiated downward are also spaced from the gaps of the power transmission electrodes 121. To be emitted. When there is no shield cover 145, an AC electric field is generated between the driven power transmission electrode 121-A and the power reception electrode 133, and between the driven power transmission electrode 121-A and the non-driven power transmission electrode 121-C. Thereby, electromagnetic waves are radiated into the space.

Even when the shield cover 145 is present and the overhang 147 is not present, an alternating electric field is generated between the driven power transmission electrode 121-A and the shield cover 145, whereby electromagnetic waves are radiated into the space.
The radiated electromagnetic field can be reduced by sandwiching the drive power transmission electrode 121-A between the overhang 147, the back layer 119, and the non-drive power transmission electrode 121-C.

(4) Inductance for preventing efficiency reduction due to parasitic capacitance The back layer 119 can reduce the radiation electromagnetic field because the back layer 119 is in the vicinity of the power transmission electrode 121. However, this causes a parasitic capacitance 120 between the power transmission electrode 121 and the back layer 119. The parasitic capacitance 120 causes a current to flow in the power transmission panel 101 when performing non-contact power transmission, thereby reducing power transmission efficiency.

In order to prevent this, an inductance 125 is provided between each block 111 and the adjacent block 111 as shown in FIG. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, even if the inverter 115 of the adjacent block 111 operates in reverse polarity with respect to the inverter 115 of the own block 111, if parallel resonance is caused by the parasitic capacitance 120 and the inductance 125, Since the impedance increases, power transmission loss can be reduced.

Furthermore, since the inverters 115 of the blocks 111 adjacent to each other are operated with opposite polarities, the voltage can be doubled and the transmission power can be increased.

In order to incorporate the inductance 125 in the block 111 and simplify the assembly work, it is preferable that the inductance 125 is small and the series resistance thereof is also small. For this purpose, the parasitic capacitance 120 needs to be greatly stabilized. For this purpose, it is necessary to sandwich and integrate a sheet-like dielectric material between the power transmission electrode 121 and the back layer 119.

The resonance frequency of this part is as shown in the equation (1).

... (1)
Since there is a relationship LC = Const with respect to the transmission frequency f, if C is increased, L can be small. If L is small, the direct current resistance of L also becomes small and the loss is reduced. For this reason, it is preferable to employ a structure in which C is increased within an appropriate range.

(5) Description of Power Transmission Panel Operation FIG. 6 is a plan view of the power transmission panel. In the center, a power reception unit 131 is placed as a power receiver. In the power receiving unit 131, the power transmission electrode 121 of the 3 × 4 block 111 inside the overhang 149 or partially overlapping with the overhang 149 changes the voltage of the positive electrode (positive phase) and the negative electrode (reverse phase) to a checkered pattern. Driven. The 3 × 4 block 111 is connected with the switches S1 and S2 between adjacent blocks turned on. Furthermore, the inverters 115 adjacent to each other are driven with their phases inverted.

The inverter in the overhang 147 area is driven at a frequency for electric field communication, and is driven at a frequency for electric field communication in the opposite phase so as to surround the overhang 147 on the outer side. Accordingly, the power receiver is surrounded by the electric field for electric field communication, and the communication device can be operated. Note that the arrangement of the blocks 111 driven for electric field communication is not limited to the peripheral portion as described above, and can be arbitrarily arranged depending on the application. Note that WPS in FIG. 6 is an abbreviation for Wireless 意味 Power Supply, which means transmission of the inverter voltage through the power transmission electrode and the power reception electrode according to the present invention.

(6) Electric shock countermeasures Other considerations include electric shock prevention measures.

Since the overhang 147 is provided, the driven power transmission electrode is completely surrounded and cannot be touched by a person.

Since power transmission is started after the power receiving unit 131 is recognized by communication between the power transmission panel 121 and the power receiving unit 131 as a power receiving body, even if a metal plate is simply placed, no operation is performed. Even if there is a person, the power transmission electrode 121 of that portion is not driven.

As shown in FIG. 7, the surface of the power transmission electrode 121 has an uneven structure, and the surface is covered with an oxide film 122. Further, since the top coat layer 123 is adhered to the uneven portion by the anchor effect, a strong film is formed. Even if the top coat layer 123 is peeled off, the oxide film 122 remains, so that the human body does not directly contact the electrode.
This is related to the power transmission electrode 121 and the top coat 123, but can also be applied to the power reception electrode 133 and the bottom coat 149.

(7) Robot Operation Support When the power transmission panel 101 of this embodiment is applied to a robot, power is supplied to the nursing robot 301 shown in FIG. However, a robot with a small area such as the robot 301 shown in FIG. 8 falls when supporting a person. In order to prevent this, there is a method in which the support structure is deployed, but there are cases where the space is taken up and the support structure cannot be deployed.
For this reason, a method is also conceivable in which a magnet is provided on the bottom surface of the robot 301 and the work is performed while attracting to the floor surface when necessary. On the other hand, a method of adsorbing with a suction cup is also conceivable. Further, as a hybrid type, a method in which the periphery of the suction cup is attracted by a magnet is also conceivable.
When the magnetic adsorption method is used, the power transmission electrode 121 needs to be formed of a ferromagnetic material. Furthermore, in order to correspond to the suction cup system, it is necessary to have flatness and airtightness so that air does not leak.

When the power transmission electrode 121 is made of a ferromagnetic material, the power transmission panel 101 can be attached to the wall, and the device can be magnetically attached and fixed for power transmission. In such a case, the equipment can be rearranged at an arbitrary location.

A diagram of electric field communication (human body communication) modeled on the human body is added.
When the phase of the AC output of the peripheral inverter 115 is inverted with respect to the inverter 115 at the bottom of the foot, an AC electric field is generated so as to cling to the human body as shown in FIG. If a person has a portable device 191 and the portable device 191 has a mechanism capable of receiving an electric field, communication can be performed between the portable device 191 and the power transmission floor.
However, the oscillation form of the floor inverter is not limited to FIG. 10, and may be the case of FIG. 11 or FIG. 12.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a case where only the peripheral portion is operated without operating the inverter 115 below the power receiver. This is considered to be able to operate. The back layer 119 functions as a ground. The power transmission electrode 121 corresponding to the block 111 that does not operate the inverter 115 may be grounded or may not be grounded. Further, the inverter 115 of this block is not operated.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a case where the phase of the inverter 115 is reversed between the front, rear, left, and right with respect to the object. The power transmission electrode 121 corresponding to the block 111 that does not operate the inverter 115 may be grounded or may not be grounded. Further, the inverter 115 of this block is not operated. In this case, since a null point exists, it is necessary to change the operation pattern of the power transmission electrode 121 between the blocks 111.

Incidentally, in the description with reference to FIG. 4, a non-driven power transmission electrode is provided in the vicinity of the overhang. Electric field communication is performed using a block that is slightly outside the block where the non-driven power transmission electrode is provided. The blocks on the outer side correspond to the two blocks on the left end and the two blocks on the right end in FIGS. 10, 11, and 12 where the human body is placed.

The communication in this embodiment is summarized as shown in the table below.

The electric field communication is performed in the MHz band considering the human body. On the downstream side, the signal is transmitted by modulating the output of the inverter 115 (for example, PWM modulation). The example in the figure assumes that electric field communication is performed in half duplex, and on the upstream side, a period in which the switch V is connected to the electric field communication receiver 217 side for the upstream communication signal received by the power transmission electrode 121. Then, the electric field communication receiver 217 receives the signal. Although different from the example in the figure, the electric field communication may be full-duplex communication. In this case, the switch V is in a state in which the

lines

127 and 128 are always connected. For example, the electric field communication receiver 217 receives the upstream signal on the line 127 together with the downstream signal.

According to the present embodiment, in a power transmission system using an electric field coupling technique, although it is a free position power transmission system, high safety that electromagnetic wave radiation is small, electric shock is difficult, and power is not transmitted to places other than the power feeding unit. In addition, the transmission efficiency is high, and an electric field communication function with a human body or equipment can be provided. More specifically, the following effects are obtained as a whole.
(1) A completely free position can be realized with power scalability. As shown in FIG. 9, a wide range of devices ranging from 1 kW to several watts such as a laser printer 303, a PC 307, a smartphone 309, and an LED lamp 305 can be made to function at any point on the desk. Furthermore, mutual communication between these devices is also possible.
(2) Power transmission at an unnecessary place can be completely stopped, and a device to be transmitted and a device that is not capable of being distinguished can be distinguished by communication. Therefore, even if a person is in contact with the power transmission surface, no harm is caused. Even if the eyeball and brain are close to the power transmission surface, there is no effect.
(3) Less electromagnetic wave radiation The overhang 147 and the back layer 119 can reduce radiation electromagnetic waves accompanying power transmission. However, low-power human body communication is intended to intentionally transmit electromagnetic waves around the power receiver. Because it is limited to low power, there is no impact on the human body.
(4) Electric shock countermeasures A structure in which a person does not touch the driven power transmission electrode 121 is adopted. When the power reception unit 131 is lifted, the amount of current is reduced, so that the operation of the inverter 115 can be stopped by monitoring this.
Even if the top coat 123 is peeled off, the strong insulating layer (oxide film) 122 can be prevented from receiving an electric shock with respect to human contact. In this way, multiple safety measures are taken.
(5) Safety Design of Equipment An inverter 115 is attached to each power transmission electrode 121. In a system that turns ON / OFF the inverter output with a transistor, when the transistor breaks, it moves in the direction of transmitting power (moves to the dangerous side). Power transmission stops (moves to the safe side).
(6) Resource issues Since there is little use of copper, which has a risk of rising prices, as a material, it is not easily affected by resources. It is an indispensable element for being adopted as a standard and spreading worldwide.
(7) Equipped with multiple communication channels Power control between power transmission panel and power receiver, location data supply, communication used for system monitoring, communication with various servers via LAN, communication between various servers and power receiver And the like, and by providing an electric field communication function, it is possible to control communication with a mobile device held by a human body.
(8) System compatibility It can be used as a platform that enables communication between people, the environment (buildings), devices, and networks. A systematic response such as making it possible to change the firmware via the network becomes possible.
By distributing the inverters, individual inverters can be small, so small and low-dose devices can be used.

As described above, the embodiment is merely an example, and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. The present invention can take other various embodiments, and various modifications such as omission and replacement can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention described in this specification and the like, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

Hereinafter, examples of apparatuses and the like to which the present invention can be applied will be additionally described.

[Appendix 1]
A power transmission system comprising a plurality of power transmission side devices arranged adjacent to each other, and a power reception side device placed across at least two power transmission side devices included in the plurality of power transmission side devices,
Each of the plurality of power transmission side devices is:
An AC power supply device for generating a positive phase AC power source or a reverse phase AC power source;
A power transmission electrode coupled to the AC power supply;
With
The power receiving device is:
At least two power receiving electrodes that are capacitively coupled to the power transmitting electrodes respectively provided in at least two power transmitting side devices on which the power receiving side devices are mounted;
At least two pairs of half-wave rectifier circuits corresponding to at least two power receiving electrodes, respectively, each pair of half-wave rectifier circuits including rectifier elements in opposite directions to each other. Circuit,
An output terminal common to at least two pairs of the half-wave rectifier circuits;
With
The AC power supply device provided in at least two power transmission devices on which the power receiving device is mounted is opposite to the phase of the AC power generated by the AC power supply device provided in the power transmission device adjacent to the power transmission device. A power transmission system characterized by generating an alternating current power supply of the phase.

[Appendix 2]
The power transmission system according to attachment 1, wherein
The AC power supply device provided in at least two power transmission devices on which the power receiving device is placed is opposite to the phase of the AC power generated by the AC power supply device provided in the power transmission device adjacent to the power transmission device. A power transmission system further comprising control means for generating an alternating current power supply having a phase of.

[Appendix 3]
An electric power transmission system according to appendix 1 or appendix 2,
The power transmission system, wherein the power receiving electrode is formed so that a plurality of power receiving electrodes can be opposed to one power transmitting electrode.

[Appendix 4]
The power transmission system according to any one of appendix 1 to appendix 3,
The power receiving side device is covered with a shield cover having an overhang,
Opposite to the opposite surface of the power transmission electrode of the power transmission electrode provided in each of the power transmission side devices adjacent to each other, a back layer is provided so as to straddle these power transmission electrodes,
The power transmission electrode of the power transmission side device present in the periphery of the power reception unit of the power reception side device is in an undriven state,
A power transmission system that shields leakage radio waves from the overhang, the back layer, and a power transmission electrode that is driven by the power transmission electrode in a non-driven state.

[Appendix 5]
The power transmission system according to attachment 4, wherein
An electric power transmission system, wherein an inductance is provided between the AC power supply devices provided in a pair of power transmission side devices adjacent to each other.

[Appendix 6]
The power transmission system according to appendix 4 or appendix 5,
A switch for bringing the power transmission electrode into a driving state or a non-driving state;
The power transmission system further comprising a control unit for controlling the switch so that the power transmission electrode of the power transmission side device existing in the periphery of the power reception unit of the power reception side device is in a non-driven state.

[Appendix 7]
The power transmission system according to any one of appendix 1 to appendix 6,
The power transmission side device is mounted, and further includes a direct current / communication base plate including an attenuating two-dimensional waveguide and a non-attenuating two-dimensional waveguide,
The power transmission system, wherein the plurality of power transmission side devices are supplied with power via the direct current / communication base plate and communicate with the outside via the direct current / communication base plate.

[Appendix 8]
The power transmission system according to appendix 7,
The intermediate layer constituting the non-attenuating two-dimensional waveguide is connected to a DC power source on which an internal conductor of a coaxial line connected to the power transmission side device and a clock signal are superimposed, and constitutes the non-attenuating two-dimensional waveguide An upper layer is connected to an outer conductor of a coaxial line connected to the power transmission side device and a communication transceiver.

[Appendix 9]
The power transmission system according to attachment 8, wherein
The power transmission system, wherein the power transmission side device communicates with the communication transceiver through capacitors respectively connected to an inner conductor and an outer conductor of the coaxial line.

[Appendix 10]
The power transmission system according to appendix 8 or appendix 9, wherein
The power transmission system is characterized in that a DC power supply is supplied to the power transmission side device via choke coils respectively connected to an inner conductor and an outer conductor of the coaxial line.

[Appendix 11]
The power transmission system according to any one of appendix 7 to appendix 10,
The power transmission system, wherein the power transmission side device regenerates the clock signal by a band pass filter and a pulse wave former connected to an inner conductor and an outer conductor of the coaxial line.

[Appendix 12]
The power transmission system according to any one of appendix 1 to appendix 11,
A switch for forming or blocking a communication path between power transmission side devices adjacent to each other is provided.
By controlling the switch, at least two power transmission side devices on which the power reception side devices are placed are connected to each other so as to form a communication path.

[Appendix 13]
The power transmission system according to attachment 12, wherein
At least two of the power transmission side devices perform synchronization control between the AC power supply devices included in each of the power transmission side devices via the communication path.

[Appendix 14]
The power transmission system according to appendix 12 or appendix 13, wherein
At least two of the power transmission side devices communicate with each other via the communication path.

[Appendix 15]
The power transmission system according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 14,
A power transmission system, wherein a communication signal is superimposed on the AC power supply by modulating the AC power generated by the AC power supply apparatus.

[Appendix 16]
The power transmission system according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 15,
A power transmission system, wherein capacitive coupling for mixing and / or drawing out electric field communication signals is formed in a power transmission path between an output unit of the AC power supply device and the power transmission electrode.

[Appendix 17]
The power transmission system according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 16,
A power transmission system, wherein a top coat is laminated on an opposite surface of the power transmission electrode to the power reception electrode via an oxide film.

[Appendix 18]
The power transmission system according to any one of appendix 1 to appendix 17,
A power transmission system, wherein a bottom coat is laminated on an opposite surface of the power receiving electrode to the power transmitting electrode via an oxide film.

[Appendix 19]
The power transmission system according to any one of appendix 1 to appendix 18, wherein
The power transmission system, wherein the plurality of power transmission side devices are arranged in a square lattice pattern.

[Appendix 20]
An electric field communication device comprising a plurality of power transmission side devices arranged adjacent to each other,
Each of the plurality of power transmission side devices is:
An AC power supply device for generating a positive phase AC power source or a reverse phase AC power source;
A power transmission electrode coupled to the AC power supply;
Control means for performing control such that a positive-phase or reverse-phase AC power is supplied to the power transmission electrode in contact with the human body, and a reverse-phase or positive-phase AC power is supplied to the power transmission electrode that is electrically coupled to the human body; ,
Modulation means for modulating the AC power supply with a transmission signal;
An electric field communication receiver for receiving a reception signal from the power transmission electrode;
An electric field communication device comprising:

[Appendix 21]
The electric field communication device according to attachment 20, wherein
A second control is performed so that the AC output of the AC power supply device corresponding to the power transmission electrode in contact with the human body becomes zero, and the AC power of the same phase is supplied to all the front power transmission electrodes that are electrically coupled to the human body. An electric field communication apparatus comprising the control means.

[Appendix 22]
The electric field communication device according to appendix 20 or appendix 21,
The AC output of the AC power supply device corresponding to the power transmission electrode in contact with the human body becomes zero, and a positive phase AC power supply is supplied to some of the front power transmission electrodes that are electric field coupled with the human body, thereby electric field coupling with the human body 3. An electric field communication apparatus, further comprising third control means for performing control such that positive phase AC power is supplied to another front power transmission electrode.

101 Power transmission panel 111 blocks (power transmission side device)
113 power transmission side communication control unit 115 inverter 117 communication coupling 119 back layer 121 power transmission electrode 123 top coat 125

inductance

127, 128, 129 wire 131 power reception unit (power reception side measure)
133 Power receiving electrode 135 Rectifier diode 137 Smoothing capacitor 139 Power receiving side communication control unit 141 Battery 143 Load 145 Shield cover 161 DC / communication base plate 163 Non-attenuating two-dimensional waveguide 165 Attenuating two-dimensional waveguide 171 DC power supply 173 Clock signal generator 175 LAN
177 Communication transceiver 179 Probe 191 Portable equipment

Claims

A power transmission system comprising a plurality of power transmission side devices arranged adjacent to each other, and a power reception side device placed across at least two power transmission side devices included in the plurality of power transmission side devices,
Each of the plurality of power transmission side devices is:
An AC power supply device for generating a positive phase AC power source or a reverse phase AC power source;
A power transmission electrode coupled to the AC power supply;
With
The power receiving device is:
At least two power receiving electrodes that are capacitively coupled to the power transmitting electrodes respectively provided in at least two power transmitting side devices on which the power receiving side devices are mounted;
At least two pairs of half-wave rectifier circuits corresponding to at least two power receiving electrodes, respectively, each pair of half-wave rectifier circuits including rectifier elements in opposite directions to each other. Circuit,
An output terminal common to at least two pairs of the half-wave rectifier circuits;
With
The AC power supply device provided in at least two power transmission devices on which the power receiving device is mounted is opposite to the phase of the AC power generated by the AC power supply device provided in the power transmission device adjacent to the power transmission device. A power transmission system characterized by generating an alternating current power supply of the phase.