WO2016158308A1 - Diffuser tube and filtration unit - Google Patents

Diffuser tube and filtration unit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016158308A1
WO2016158308A1 PCT/JP2016/057698 JP2016057698W WO2016158308A1 WO 2016158308 A1 WO2016158308 A1 WO 2016158308A1 JP 2016057698 W JP2016057698 W JP 2016057698W WO 2016158308 A1 WO2016158308 A1 WO 2016158308A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solid content
air diffuser
air
diffuser
hollow fiber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2016/057698
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
育 田中
博子 三木
知行 米田
森田　徹
Original Assignee
住友電気工業株式会社
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Application filed by 住友電気工業株式会社 filed Critical 住友電気工業株式会社
Priority to JP2016540068A priority Critical patent/JPWO2016158308A1/en
Publication of WO2016158308A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016158308A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air diffuser and a filtration unit.
  • a filtration unit having a filtration module in which a plurality of hollow fiber membranes are converged is used as a solid-liquid separation treatment apparatus in a manufacturing process of sewage treatment or medicine.
  • Such a filtration unit is used by being immersed in the liquid to be treated, and prevents the suspended substance contained in the liquid to be treated from being permeated by the surface of the hollow fiber membrane, and allows other substances other than the suspended substance to permeate inside. Filtration is performed at
  • a configuration is adopted in which gas is introduced between a plurality of hollow fiber membranes constituting the filtration module, and suspended substances adhering to the surface of the hollow fiber membranes are removed by this gas.
  • a filtration unit having such a configuration for example, “a filtration module and a filtration apparatus using the same” (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-154032) has been proposed.
  • the filtration unit described in the above publication has an air diffuser for releasing gas between a plurality of hollow fiber membranes constituting the filtration module.
  • the air diffuser has a plurality of gas discharge ports, and the gas released from the gas discharge ports rubs the surface of the hollow fiber membrane and further suspends by swinging the hollow fiber membrane. Material can be removed.
  • the air diffuser as described above can wash the hollow fiber membrane by releasing the gas from the gas discharge port, there is a possibility that solids such as suspended substances may enter the inside from the gas discharge port. Furthermore, the solid content that has entered the inside may stay inside, and the inside of the air diffuser may become dirty or the gas in the air diffuser may deteriorate.
  • the present invention has been made based on the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an air diffuser that can prevent solids from staying inside and a filtration unit having the air diffuser.
  • An air diffuser according to an aspect of the present invention made to solve the above problems includes an air diffuser disposed on an upper side and a solid content discharge opening disposed on a lower side.
  • a filtration unit made to solve the above problems includes a filtration module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and a gas supply module that supplies bubbles from below the filtration module. It is a filtration unit, Comprising: The said gas supply module has a gas pumping apparatus and the said diffuser pipe by which one end is connected to this gas pumping apparatus.
  • the diffuser of the present invention can prevent the solid content from staying inside. Moreover, since the filtration unit of the present invention can prevent solid content from staying in the diffuser tube, it is excellent in the cleaning efficiency of the hollow fiber membrane.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the air diffuser of FIG. 1 taken along line AA. It is a typical side view which shows the diffuser which concerns on embodiment different from the diffuser of FIG. It is a typical side view which shows the diffuser tube which concerns on embodiment different from the diffuser tube of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the diffuser tube of FIG. 5 taken along the line BB. It is a mimetic diagram showing a filtration unit concerning one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the diffuser tube of FIG. 10 taken along the line DD. It is a typical side view which shows the diffuser tube which concerns on embodiment different from the diffuser tube of FIG.
  • the air diffuser includes an air diffuser disposed on the upper side and a solid content discharge opening disposed on the lower side.
  • the diffuser tube is used in a state where it is immersed in the liquid to be treated, for example, below a filtration module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes. For this reason, when a gas is introduced from one end of the diffuser tube in the axial direction, the gas flows between the upper inner wall of the diffuser tube and the liquid to be processed. As a result, an air layer composed of gas and a liquid layer located below the air layer are formed inside the air diffuser.
  • the said air diffusion pipe is provided with the air diffusion hole arrange
  • the said diffuser tube is provided with the solid content discharge
  • a plurality of the above-mentioned air diffusion holes are arranged in a scattered manner in the axial direction.
  • the plurality of air diffusion holes are arranged in the axial direction so that the air diffusion pipe can efficiently discharge the gas along the axial direction.
  • the said diffuser tube is easy to maintain an air layer and a liquid layer stably in an diffuser tube.
  • the center of the air diffuser be disposed so as to substantially coincide with a vertical plane passing through the central axis.
  • the air diffuser discharges gas easily and reliably from the air layer formed in the tube. be able to.
  • the center of the solid content discharge opening is disposed so as to substantially coincide with a vertical plane passing through the central axis.
  • the air diffuser can easily and reliably discharge the solid content.
  • the solid content discharge opening may be formed in a slit shape parallel to the central axis.
  • emission opening is formed in the slit shape parallel to a center axis
  • tube can discharge
  • the air diffusion hole and the solid content discharge opening are arranged so as to face each other with respect to a horizontal plane passing through the central axis.
  • the air diffuser hole and the solid content discharge opening are arranged so as to face each other with reference to a horizontal plane passing through the central axis.
  • the air diffusion holes and the solid content discharge openings are alternately arranged in the axial direction.
  • the strength of the air diffuser can be increased by alternately disposing the air diffuser holes and the solid content discharge openings in the axial direction.
  • a filtration unit is a filtration unit including a filtration module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes and a gas supply module that supplies bubbles from below the filtration module, wherein the gas supply module is And a gas pumping device, and the air diffuser pipe having one end connected to the gas pumping device.
  • the filtration unit Since the filtration unit has the air diffusing tube, it is possible to prevent the solid content from staying inside the air diffusing tube and to efficiently clean the filtration module.
  • upper side and lower side mean an upper side and a lower side based on a horizontal plane passing through the central axis. That is, “upper side” and “lower side” do not mean only a vertical plane passing through the central axis.
  • the center of the air diffuser substantially coincides with the vertical plane passing through the central axis means that the angle between the straight line passing through the center of the air diffuser and the central axis of the air diffuser and the vertical plane passing through the central axis is ⁇ It means 10 ° or less, preferably ⁇ 5 ° or less.
  • the center of the solid content discharge opening substantially coincides with the vertical plane passing through the central axis means that the straight line passing through the center of the solid content discharge opening and intersecting the central axis of the air diffuser and the vertical plane passing through the central axis. It means that the formed angle is ⁇ 10 ° or less, preferably ⁇ 5 ° or less.
  • Air diffuser> 1 is disposed below a filtration module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and cleans the filtration module with discharged gas.
  • the air diffuser 1 is used in a state where it is immersed in the liquid to be treated.
  • the air diffuser 1 is disposed so that the central axis is in the horizontal direction.
  • the diffuser tube 1 is formed in a straight tube shape.
  • the shape of the cross section in the axial direction of the air diffusing tube 1 is circular.
  • the air diffusion tube 1 includes a plurality of air diffusion holes 2 disposed on the upper side and scattered in the axial direction, and a plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 disposed on the lower side.
  • the air diffuser 1 cleans the filtration module by discharging the gas introduced inside from one end in the axial direction upward from the plurality of air diffusers 2 while sending the gas to the other end.
  • the main components of the air diffuser 1 include metals such as stainless steel, steel, copper, and aluminum, and synthetic resins such as acrylic resin, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS resin). Of these, polyvinyl chloride is preferable because of its excellent durability and relatively low cost.
  • the gas diffusion tube 1 is formed with a gas layer X and a liquid layer (liquid layer to be processed) Y by introducing a gas from one end in the axial direction. That is, since the air diffuser 1 is used in a state of being immersed in the liquid to be processed, the liquid to be processed is filled inside before introducing the gas. When gas is introduced from one end side in this state, the specific gravity of the gas is smaller than the specific gravity of the liquid to be processed, so that the gas flows between the upper inner wall of the air diffuser 1 and the liquid to be processed.
  • the inside of the air diffuser 1 is in a laminated state of two layers, that is, a gas layer X composed of gas and a liquid layer Y positioned below the gas layer X.
  • the air diffuser 1 has a plurality of air diffusers 2 arranged in a scattered manner in the axial direction, the gas introduced into the interior by discharging the gas from the air diffusers 2 and the outside It is easy to balance with the gas discharged into the.
  • the diffuser tube 1 can easily maintain the two-layer state of the gas layer X and the liquid layer Y stably.
  • the gas introduced into the air diffuser 1 is required to have a specific gravity smaller than that of the liquid to be treated because it is necessary to form the gas layer X on the upper side of the air diffuser 1.
  • the gas introduced into the air diffuser 1 is preferably an inert gas. Although it does not specifically limit as such gas, Typically, air is mentioned.
  • the lower limit of the inner diameter of the air diffuser 1 is preferably 6 mm, more preferably 10 mm, and even more preferably 15 mm.
  • the upper limit of the inner diameter of the air diffuser 1 is preferably 70 mm, more preferably 60 mm, and even more preferably 50 mm. If the inner diameter of the air diffusing tube 1 is less than the lower limit, the gas layer X and the liquid layer Y may not be accurately formed inside the air diffusing tube 1. On the other hand, when the inner diameter of the air diffusing tube 1 exceeds the above upper limit, the volume in the tube increases, and there is a risk that solids such as suspended substances are likely to stay inside.
  • the liquid to be processed which constitutes the liquid layer Y also flows from one end to the other end side, and the air diffuser 1 is retained in the pipe by the flow of the liquid to be processed.
  • the solid content to be discharged can be discharged.
  • the inner diameter exceeds the upper limit, the ratio of the liquid layer Y in the tube tends to be high, so that the flow of the liquid to be treated based on the introduction of the gas cannot be sufficiently obtained, and as a result, the solid content is efficiently discharged. May decrease.
  • the lower limit of the average tube thickness of the diffuser tube 1 is preferably 1 mm, and more preferably 2 mm.
  • the upper limit of the average tube thickness of the diffusing tube 1 is preferably 6 mm, and more preferably 4 mm. If the average tube thickness of the air diffuser 1 is less than the lower limit, sufficient strength may not be obtained. Conversely, if the average tube thickness of the air diffuser 1 exceeds the upper limit, the outer diameter may be unnecessarily increased.
  • the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 are formed in a circular shape. As shown in FIG. 1, the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 are arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction of the air diffusion tube 1.
  • the air diffuser 1 has a plurality of air diffuser holes 2 arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction, and discharges gas introduced from one end to the other end side while discharging substantially uniformly along the axial direction. Can do.
  • the plurality of diffuser holes 2 can be formed by laser processing, for example.
  • the centers of the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 are arranged so as to substantially coincide with a vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffusion tube 1. That is, the centers of the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 are included in a vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffusion tube 1.
  • the air diffuser 1 is arranged so that the center of the plurality of air diffusers 2 substantially coincides with a vertical plane passing through the central axis, thereby easily and reliably discharging gas from the air layer X formed in the tube. Can do.
  • the diffuser holes 2 and the solid content discharge openings 3 are arranged so as to face each other on the basis of a horizontal plane passing through the central axis of the diffuser pipe 1.
  • the air diffuser 1 is easily discharged from the solid content discharge opening 3 facing the air diffuser 2 without being retained in the tube.
  • the centers of the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 coincide with the uppermost part of the peripheral wall of the air diffusion tube 1 and the centers of the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 coincide with the lowermost part of the peripheral wall. It is arranged. Therefore, the air diffuser 1 can further reduce the possibility that the solid content stays inside.
  • the average diameter D 1 of the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 is smaller than the average diameter D 2 of the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3.
  • the diameter of several diffuser holes 2 may each differ, it is preferable that it is the same from the point which discharges gas equally.
  • the lower limit of the average diameter D 1 of the plurality of diffusing pores 2, 1 mm are preferred, 2 mm is more preferable.
  • the upper limit of the mean diameter D 1 of the plurality of diffusing pores 2, 10 mm are preferred, 8 mm is more preferable.
  • the average diameter D 1 is less than the above lower limit, diffusing pores 2 may not be sufficiently discharged gas.
  • the average diameter D 1 exceeds the upper limit, by gas discharge amount is too large from the diffusing pores 2, the gas is disposed at one end when the gas is introduced from one end There is a possibility that the discharge amount from the other end side cannot be sufficiently obtained due to excessive discharge from the air diffusion hole 2.
  • the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 are composed of a plurality of holes provided in the air diffusion tube 1.
  • the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 are formed in a circular shape. As shown in FIG. 1, the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 are arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction of the air diffusion tube 1.
  • the air diffuser 1 can easily and reliably discharge the solid content retained in the pipe by disposing the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 at equal intervals in the axial direction.
  • the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 can be formed by, for example, laser processing.
  • the air diffuser 1 is disposed so that the air diffuser 2 and the solid content discharge opening 3 are opposed to each other with reference to a horizontal plane passing through the central axis.
  • the average pitch is the same as the average pitch P 1 of the plurality of air diffusion holes 2.
  • the centers of the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 are arranged so as to substantially coincide with a vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffuser 1.
  • the diffuser tube 1 is disposed so that the centers of the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 substantially coincide with the vertical plane passing through the central axis, so that the solid content can be easily and reliably removed from the liquid layer Y formed in the tube. Can be discharged.
  • the lower limit of the average diameter D 2 of the plurality of solids discharge openings 3, 2 mm are preferred, 3 mm is more preferable.
  • the upper limit of the mean diameter D 2 of the plurality of solids discharge openings 3, 25 mm is preferable, 20 mm is more preferable.
  • the average diameter D 2 is smaller than the above lower limit, the solids discharge opening 3, it may not be properly discharged solids.
  • the average diameter D 2 exceeds the upper limit, the strength of the diffuser tube 1 may decrease.
  • release opening 3 may each differ, it is preferable that it is the same from the point which discharges
  • the lower limit of the ratio (D 2 / D 1 ) of the average diameter D 2 of the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 to the average diameter D 1 of the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 is preferably 11/10, and more preferably 6/5.
  • the upper limit of the ratio (D 2 / D 1 ) is preferably 5/2, and more preferably 3/2. If the ratio (D 2 / D 1 ) is less than the lower limit, the diameter of the solid content discharge opening 3 becomes too small, and the solid content may not be accurately discharged from the solid content discharge opening 3.
  • the air diffuser 1 and the solid content discharge opening 3 are arranged so as to face each other with respect to a horizontal plane passing through the central axis of the air diffuser 1, the air diffuser 1 is connected from the air diffuser 2 to the inside. There is a possibility that it is difficult to discharge the solid content that has entered into the tube from the solid content discharge opening 3 without being retained in the pipe. On the other hand, if the ratio (D 2 / D 1 ) exceeds the upper limit, the diameter of the solid content discharge opening 3 becomes too large, and the strength of the diffuser tube 1 may be reduced.
  • the air diffusion tube 1 includes a plurality of air diffusion holes 2 disposed on the upper side and scattered in the axial direction, and therefore, the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 are sent while sending the gas introduced from one end in the axial direction to the other end side. It is possible to efficiently discharge from above. Thereby, the said air diffusing tube 1 can wash
  • the air diffuser 1 since the air diffuser 1 includes a plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 disposed on the lower side, the solid content such as suspended solids can be discharged from the solid content discharge openings 3.
  • the diffuser tube 1 is provided with a plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 disposed on the lower side, so that the solid content present in the tube is pushed to the other end side by the flow of the liquid to be treated, and the solid content It can be discharged from the discharge opening 3 to the outside. Therefore, the diffuser tube 1 can easily prevent the solid content from staying inside.
  • the diffuser tube 1 has a plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 formed of a plurality of holes, so that a peripheral wall exists in a lower portion where the solid content discharge openings 3 do not exist. Therefore, the air diffuser 1 is easy to form the gas layer X and the liquid layer Y in the tube, and the gas is less likely to leak from below. Therefore, the air diffuser 1 can accurately discharge gas from the plurality of air diffusers 2.
  • the diffuser tube 11 of FIG. 4 is used in place of the diffuser tube 1 of FIG. 4 .
  • the air diffuser 11 in FIG. 4 includes a plurality of air diffuser holes 12 disposed on the upper side and scattered in the axial direction, and a plurality of solid content discharge openings 13 disposed on the lower side.
  • the diffuser tube 11 of FIG. 4 is configured in the same manner as the diffuser tube 1 of FIG. 1 except for the arrangement of the plurality of diffuser holes 12 and the plurality of solid content discharge openings 13. Therefore, only the positional relationship between the plurality of air diffusion holes 12 and the plurality of solid content discharge openings 13 will be described below.
  • the diffuser holes 12 and the solid content discharge openings 13 are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the diffuser tube 11.
  • the diffuser tube 11 can be increased in strength by disposing the diffuser holes 12 and the solid content discharge openings 13 alternately in the axial direction.
  • the average pitch P of the air diffuser holes 12 and the solid content discharge openings 13 adjacent in the axial direction of the air diffuser 11 is not particularly limited, but is preferably equidistant. Moreover, it is preferable that there is no portion where the air diffusion holes 12 and the solid content discharge openings 13 overlap in the axial direction of the air diffusion tube 11.
  • the diffuser tube 21 in FIG. 5 is used in place of the diffuser tubes 1 and 11 in FIGS.
  • the air diffuser 21 shown in FIG. 5 includes a plurality of air diffusers 2 disposed in a scattered manner in the upper side and in the axial direction, and one solid content discharge opening 23 disposed on the lower side.
  • the air diffuser 21 in FIG. 5 is configured in the same manner as the air diffuser 1 in FIG. 1 except for the shape of the solid content discharge opening 23. Therefore, only the solid content discharge opening 23 will be described below.
  • the solid content discharge opening 23 is formed in a slit shape parallel to the central axis of the air diffuser 21.
  • the solid content discharge opening 23 is formed from one end to the other end of the air diffusion tube 21 in the axial direction.
  • the air diffuser 21 is formed in a substantially C shape having a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction and having an opening downward from one end to the other end.
  • the lower limit of the average width W of the solid content discharge opening 23 is preferably 2 mm, and more preferably 3 mm.
  • the upper limit of the average width W of the solid content discharge opening 23 is preferably 25 mm, and more preferably 20 mm. If the average width W is less than the lower limit, there is a high possibility that the solid content stays in the tube. Conversely, if the average width W exceeds the upper limit, the strength of the air diffuser 21 may be reduced.
  • the lower limit of the ratio of the average width W of the solid content discharge opening 23 to the entire circumference of the air diffuser 21 is preferably 1/20, and more preferably 1/15.
  • the upper limit of the ratio is preferably 1/5, and more preferably 1/10. If the ratio is less than the lower limit, the solid content is likely to stay in the tube. Conversely, if the ratio exceeds the upper limit, the strength of the air diffuser 21 may be reduced.
  • the air diffuser 21 can easily and reliably discharge the solid content.
  • the solid content discharge opening 23 is formed from one end to the other end of the air diffuser 21, it is possible to remarkably reduce the possibility of the solid content remaining in the pipe itself.
  • the filtration unit 31 of FIG. 7 includes a plurality of filtration modules 32 and a gas supply module 33 that supplies bubbles from below the filtration modules 32.
  • the filtration module 32 includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34, an upper holding member 35 that holds the upper ends of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34, and a lower holding member 36 that holds the lower ends of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34. And have.
  • the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34 are aligned in the vertical direction, and the existence region in a plan view is rectangular.
  • the upper holding member 35 and the lower holding member 36 are each formed in a rectangular shape in plan view.
  • the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34 are connected to substantially the entire lower surface of the upper holding member 35 and the upper surface of the lower holding member 36. Thereby, the filtration module 32 has a plane in which the short side direction (left-right direction in FIG.
  • the “existing region” means a virtual polygon having the smallest area among the virtual polygons including all the hollow fiber membranes 34 included in the filtration module 32 when viewed from the axial direction.
  • the plurality of filtration modules 32 are arranged in a stripe shape. Specifically, the plurality of filtration modules 32 are arranged such that adjacent filtration modules 32 are aligned at a predetermined interval in the thickness direction.
  • the lower limit of the average interval in the thickness direction of the plurality of filtration modules 32 is preferably 10 mm, and more preferably 15 mm.
  • the upper limit of the average interval in the thickness direction of the plurality of filtration modules 32 is preferably 30 mm, and more preferably 25 mm. If the average interval is less than the lower limit, it may be difficult to accurately introduce gas discharged from the diffuser 1 described later between the filtration modules 32. On the other hand, when the average interval exceeds the upper limit, the existence density of the filtration module 32 may be reduced and the filtration efficiency may be reduced.
  • the “average interval in the thickness direction of the filtration module” refers to the average interval in the short side direction between the existing regions.
  • the hollow fiber membrane 34 is formed by forming a porous membrane into a tubular shape that allows water to permeate while blocking the permeation of suspended substances contained in the liquid to be treated.
  • thermoplastic resin examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polystyrene, polysulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, cellulose acetate, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PTFE which is excellent in chemical resistance, heat resistance, weather resistance, nonflammability and the like and is porous is preferable, and uniaxially or biaxially stretched PTFE is more preferable.
  • other polymers, additives, such as a lubricant, etc. may be mix
  • the lower limit of the average length L 1 of the short side direction of the existing area 15 mm is preferable, 25 mm is more preferable.
  • the average length L 1 is less than the above lower limit, there is a possibility that sufficient filtration efficiency.
  • the average length L 1 is more than the upper limit, it may be impossible to accurately supply the gas to be discharged from the diffuser tube 1 to the center of the bundle of hollow fiber membranes 34.
  • the average pitch in the long side direction of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably larger than the average pitch in the short side direction.
  • the lower limit of the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction to the average pitch in the long side direction of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 2/5, and more preferably 1/2.
  • the upper limit of the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction to the average pitch in the long side direction of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 4/5, and more preferably 2/3. If the ratio is less than the above lower limit, the density of the hollow fiber membrane 34 in the long side direction becomes small, and sufficient filtration efficiency may not be obtained. Conversely, if the ratio exceeds the upper limit, the gas discharged from the air diffuser 1 may not be sufficiently introduced between the hollow fiber membranes 34 from one end side in the short side direction.
  • the lower limit of the number (arrangement number) of the hollow fiber membranes 34 arranged in the short side direction in the existence region is preferably 8, and more preferably 12.
  • the upper limit of the number of hollow fiber membranes 34 arranged in the short side direction is preferably 50, more preferably 40. If the number of the hollow fiber membranes 34 arranged in the short side direction is less than the lower limit, the filtration efficiency per unit area may not be sufficiently secured. Conversely, if the number of hollow fiber membranes 34 arranged in the short side direction exceeds the upper limit, the gas discharged from the air diffuser 1 may not be accurately supplied to the center of the bundle of hollow fiber membranes 34. .
  • the lower limit of the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 1.
  • the upper limit of the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 3/2, and more preferably 7/5. If the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction with respect to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is less than the lower limit, the hollow fiber membrane 34 is disposed in a state of being crushed in the radial direction. May be difficult to manufacture. On the contrary, when the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 exceeds the upper limit, the density of the hollow fiber membrane 34 in the short side direction becomes small, thereby obtaining sufficient filtration efficiency. There is a risk of not being able to.
  • the lower limit of the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 1 mm, more preferably 1.5 mm, and even more preferably 2 mm.
  • the upper limit of the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 6 mm, more preferably 5 mm, and even more preferably 4 mm. If the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is less than the lower limit, the mechanical strength of the hollow fiber membrane 34 may be insufficient. On the other hand, when the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 exceeds the above upper limit, the hollow fiber membrane 34 becomes insufficient in flexibility, and vibration and peristalsis of the hollow fiber membrane 34 due to gas contact become insufficient.
  • the gap between the hollow fiber membranes 34 may not be widened to guide the gas to the center of the bundle of hollow fiber membranes 34, and the ratio of the surface area to the cross-sectional area of the hollow fiber membranes 34 is reduced, resulting in a filtration efficiency. May decrease.
  • the lower limit of the average inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 0.3 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm, and even more preferably 0.9 mm.
  • the upper limit of the average inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 4 mm, and more preferably 3 mm. If the average inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is less than the above lower limit, the pressure loss when the filtered liquid in the hollow fiber membrane 34 is discharged may increase. On the contrary, if the average inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 exceeds the above upper limit, the thickness of the hollow fiber membrane 34 may be reduced, and the mechanical strength and the suspended matter permeation preventing effect may be insufficient.
  • the lower limit of the ratio of the average inner diameter to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 3/10, and more preferably 2/5.
  • the upper limit of the ratio of the average inner diameter to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 4/5, and more preferably 3/5. If the ratio of the average inner diameter to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is less than the above lower limit, the thickness of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is unnecessarily large and the water permeability of the hollow fiber membrane 34 may be reduced.
  • the ratio of the average inner diameter to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 exceeds the above upper limit, the thickness of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is reduced, and the mechanical strength and the suspended matter permeation preventing effect may be insufficient. There is.
  • the lower limit of the average effective length L 2 of the hollow fiber membrane 34, 1 m are preferred, 2m is more preferable.
  • the upper limit of the average effective length L 2 of the hollow fiber membrane 34, 6 m are preferred, 5m is more preferable. If the average effective length L 2 of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is less than the above lower limit, swinging of the hollow fiber membranes 34 by abrasion of the gas becomes insufficient, the hollow fiber membrane hollow fiber gas by expanding the gap between 34 film 34 There is a possibility that it cannot be guided to the center of the bundle.
  • the “average effective length of the hollow fiber membrane” refers to the axial length of the portion disposed between the lower end of the upper holding member 35 and the upper end of the lower holding member 36.
  • the lower limit of the tensile strength of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 50N, and more preferably 60N. If the tensile strength of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is less than the lower limit, the durability against surface cleaning with gas may be reduced.
  • the upper limit of the tensile strength of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is generally 150N.
  • the tensile strength means the maximum tensile stress when a tensile test is conducted at a distance between marked lines of 100 mm and a test speed of 100 mm / min in accordance with JIS-K7161 (1994). *
  • the hollow fiber membrane 34 preferably has a multilayer structure having a support layer disposed on the inner surface side and a filtration layer laminated on the outer surface side of the support layer.
  • the material for forming the support layer and the filtration layer is preferably composed mainly of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the main component of the material for forming the support layer and the filtration layer is PTFE, so that the hollow fiber membrane 34 has excellent mechanical strength and is not easily damaged by gas scrubbing.
  • the filtration layer can be formed by, for example, winding a PTFE sheet around the support layer and sintering it.
  • the upper holding member 35 is a member that holds the upper ends of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34 and communicates with the lumens of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34 to collect the filtered liquid (water collection header).
  • a discharge pipe 37 is connected to the discharge portion, and the filtered liquid that has permeated into the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34 is discharged.
  • the lower holding member 36 is a member that holds the lower ends of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34.
  • the lower holding member 36 may have a configuration similar to that of the upper holding member 35, or may have a configuration that does not have a discharge portion that seals the lower end portion of the hollow fiber membrane 34.
  • the lower holding member 36 may be configured such that one hollow fiber membrane 34 is bent in a U shape and folded. In this case, the upper holding member 35 holds both ends of the hollow fiber membrane 34.
  • the upper holding member 35 and the lower holding member 36 may be connected by a connecting member.
  • the connecting member include a metal support rod and a resin casing (outer cylinder).
  • the gas supply module 33 includes a gas pumping device 38 and an air diffuser 1 having one end connected to the gas pumping device 38.
  • the air diffuser 1 is disposed such that the axial direction is parallel to the thickness direction of the plurality of filtration modules 32 (the left-right direction in FIG. 7).
  • the some diffuser 1 is arrange
  • the gas pressure feeding device 38 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known blowers and compressors. Further, the air diffuser 1 and the gas pressure feeding device 38 may be connected through an air supply pipe (not shown), for example.
  • the filtration unit 31 has the air diffuser 1, the solid content can be prevented from staying inside the air diffuser and the filtration module 32 can be cleaned efficiently.
  • the center of the plurality of air diffusion holes may not necessarily be substantially the same as the vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffusion tube.
  • Examples of the configuration in which the centers of the plurality of air diffusion holes are not substantially the same as the vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffusion tube include the air diffusion tubes 51 and 61 described in FIGS.
  • the air diffusion pipe 51 has a plurality of air diffusion holes 52 arranged on the left and right sides in a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction. Even with this configuration, the air diffuser 51 can discharge the gas upward from the plurality of air diffusers 51 and prevent the solid content from staying inside.
  • the plurality of air diffusion holes 52 are preferably arranged at symmetrical positions with respect to a vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffusion pipe 51. Thereby, the air diffuser 51 can easily discharge the gas from each air diffuser hole 52 substantially uniformly.
  • the air diffuser 51 is not disposed so that the air diffuser hole and the solid content discharge opening are opposed to each other with respect to a horizontal plane passing through the central axis. However, even with such a configuration, the solid content can be sufficiently discharged. is there.
  • the air diffuser 61 in FIG. 10 includes a plurality of air diffusion holes 62 disposed on the upper side and scattered in the axial direction, and a plurality of solid content discharge openings 63 disposed on the lower side.
  • the air diffuser 61 in FIG. 10 has a quadrangular cross section perpendicular to the axial direction.
  • the air diffuser 61 is provided with a plurality of air diffusers 62 at positions opposed to the upper part of the side wall, and the width of the plurality of solid content discharge openings 63 in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction is the bottom wall. The width is the same. According to this configuration, the air diffuser 61 can accurately discharge the solid content retained on the bottom wall from the plurality of solid content discharge openings 63.
  • the plurality of solid content discharge openings 63 are preferably rectangular.
  • the plurality of solid content discharge openings 53 and 63 may be holes or slits. Also, the diffuser holes 52 and 62 and the solid content discharge openings 53 and 63 do not have to be arranged in the axial direction of the diffuser tubes 51 and 61, and may be alternately arranged in the axial direction. .
  • the diffuser tube does not necessarily have a plurality of diffuser holes. For example, even if the air diffuser has only one air diffuser, the gas can be discharged upward from the air diffuser.
  • the diffuser tube need not necessarily be formed in a straight tube shape.
  • one end of the air diffuser 71 may be curved downward.
  • the air diffuser 71 discharges the gas introduced into the air diffuser 72 from the plurality of air diffuser holes 72, and the suspended substance or the like separated from the plurality of hollow fiber membranes enters from one end side of the air diffuser 71. Can be prevented accurately.
  • an air layer and a liquid layer can be easily and reliably formed in the air diffuser 71.
  • the air diffuser does not necessarily have to be arranged so that the center of the solid content discharge opening substantially coincides with the vertical plane passing through the central axis.
  • the air diffuser may be arranged on the left and right sides in a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction. Good.
  • the solid content discharge opening is disposed at a symmetric position with respect to a vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffuser from the viewpoint of increasing the solid content discharge efficiency.
  • the air diffuser is not necessarily circular, and may be, for example, elliptical or polygonal.
  • the average diameter in the case of other than a circle means the average diameter when converted into a perfect circle.
  • the plurality of air diffusion holes are not necessarily arranged at equal intervals. For example, the pitch may be gradually decreased from one end to the other end, conversely, may be increased, or may be random.
  • the average diameter of the air diffusion holes is not necessarily larger than the average diameter of the solid content discharge openings.
  • the average diameter of the air diffusion holes and the average diameter of the solid content discharge openings may be the same.
  • the average diameter of the air diffusion holes may be larger than the average diameter of the solid content discharge opening.
  • the shape of the solid content discharge opening is not necessarily circular, and may be, for example, an ellipse or a polygon.
  • the plurality of solid content discharge openings are not necessarily arranged at equal intervals, for example, the pitch may gradually decrease from one end to the other end, conversely increase or random. Good.
  • the slit does not necessarily need to be formed from one end of the air diffusion tube to the other end. It may be formed only.
  • the solid content discharge opening is formed in a portion other than both end portions in the axial direction, so that the strength can be increased and the connection with other members such as a gas pumping device can be easily performed.
  • the air diffuser does not necessarily need to have only one solid content discharge opening, and slit-shaped solid content discharge openings may be formed in a scattered manner in the axial direction. In this case, it is preferable that the longitudinal direction of the solid content discharge opening is parallel to the axial direction of the air diffuser.
  • the diffuser tube can be used for supplying gas to various water treatment devices and the like in addition to the use for cleaning a filtration module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes.
  • the gas supply module does not necessarily need to have the air diffuser 1 of the first embodiment, and may have any of the air diffusers 11, 21, 51, 61, 71 described in the present specification, for example.

Abstract

This diffuser tube is provided with diffusion holes arranged on the upper side, and solids discharge openings arranged on the lower side. The plurality of diffusion holes may be arranged discretely along the axial direction. The centers of the diffusion holes may be arranged so as to substantially coincide with a vertical plane passing through the central axis. The centers of the solids discharge openings may also be arranged so as to substantially coincide with a vertical plane passing through the central axis. The solids discharge openings may be formed in slit shapes parallel to the central axis. The diffusion holes and the solids discharge openings may be arranged so as to face each other about a horizontal plane passing through the central axis. The diffusion holes and the solids discharge openings may be alternatingly arranged along the axial direction.

Description

散気管及び濾過ユニットAir diffuser and filtration unit
　本発明は、散気管及び濾過ユニットに関する。 The present invention relates to an air diffuser and a filtration unit.
　従来、汚水処理や医薬等の製造工程における固液分離処理装置として、複数本の中空糸膜を集束した濾過モジュールを有する濾過ユニットが用いられている。このような濾過ユニットは、被処理液中に浸漬して用いられ、この被処理液に含まれる懸濁物質の透過を中空糸膜表面によって防ぐと共に、この懸濁物質以外を内部に透過させることで濾過処理を行う。 Conventionally, a filtration unit having a filtration module in which a plurality of hollow fiber membranes are converged is used as a solid-liquid separation treatment apparatus in a manufacturing process of sewage treatment or medicine. Such a filtration unit is used by being immersed in the liquid to be treated, and prevents the suspended substance contained in the liquid to be treated from being permeated by the surface of the hollow fiber membrane, and allows other substances other than the suspended substance to permeate inside. Filtration is performed at
　しかしながら、このような濾過ユニットは、被処理液に含まれる懸濁物質の透過を中空糸膜の表面によって防ぐものであるため、中空糸膜の表面には内部に透過されなかった懸濁物質が付着することがある。そのため、上記濾過ユニットは、中空糸膜表面に付着した懸濁物質によって本来濾過されるべき液体の濾過効率が低下するおそれがある。 However, since such a filtration unit prevents the suspension material contained in the liquid to be treated from permeating through the surface of the hollow fiber membrane, the suspended material that has not been permeated into the hollow fiber membrane surface. May adhere. Therefore, there is a possibility that the filtration efficiency of the liquid that should be originally filtered by the suspended substance attached to the surface of the hollow fiber membrane is reduced in the filtration unit.
　このような問題に鑑みて、今日では濾過モジュールを構成する複数本の中空糸膜間に気体を導入し、この気体によって中空糸膜表面に付着した懸濁物質を除去する構成が採用されている。このような構成を有する濾過ユニットとしては、例えば「濾過モジュール及びこれを用いた濾過装置」（特開２００９－１５４０３２号公報参照）が発案されている。 In view of such a problem, today, a configuration is adopted in which gas is introduced between a plurality of hollow fiber membranes constituting the filtration module, and suspended substances adhering to the surface of the hollow fiber membranes are removed by this gas. . As a filtration unit having such a configuration, for example, “a filtration module and a filtration apparatus using the same” (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-154032) has been proposed.
　上記公報所載の濾過ユニットは、濾過モジュールを構成する複数本の中空糸膜間に気体を放出する散気管を有する。この濾過ユニットは、上記散気管が複数の気体放出口を有し、この気体放出口から放出される気体が中空糸膜の表面を擦過し、さらにこの中空糸膜を揺動することで懸濁物質を除去することができる。 The filtration unit described in the above publication has an air diffuser for releasing gas between a plurality of hollow fiber membranes constituting the filtration module. In this filtration unit, the air diffuser has a plurality of gas discharge ports, and the gas released from the gas discharge ports rubs the surface of the hollow fiber membrane and further suspends by swinging the hollow fiber membrane. Material can be removed.
特開２００９－１５４０３２号公報JP 2009-154032 A
　しかしながら、上述のような散気管は、気体放出口から気体を放出することで中空糸膜を洗浄できるものの、この気体放出口から懸濁物質等の固形分が内部に浸入するおそれがある。さらに、内部に浸入した固形分が内部に滞留することで散気管内が汚れたり、散気管内の気体の通りが悪くなったりするおそれがある。 However, although the air diffuser as described above can wash the hollow fiber membrane by releasing the gas from the gas discharge port, there is a possibility that solids such as suspended substances may enter the inside from the gas discharge port. Furthermore, the solid content that has entered the inside may stay inside, and the inside of the air diffuser may become dirty or the gas in the air diffuser may deteriorate.
　本発明は、上述のような事情に基づいてなされたものであり、内部への固形分の滞留を防止することができる散気管及びこの散気管を有する濾過ユニットを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made based on the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an air diffuser that can prevent solids from staying inside and a filtration unit having the air diffuser.
　上記課題を解決するためになされた本発明の一態様に係る散気管は、上側に配設される散気孔と、下側に配設される固形分排出開口とを備える。 An air diffuser according to an aspect of the present invention made to solve the above problems includes an air diffuser disposed on an upper side and a solid content discharge opening disposed on a lower side.
　上記課題を解決するためになされた本発明の他の一態様に係る濾過ユニットは、複数本の中空糸膜を有する濾過モジュールと、この濾過モジュールの下方から気泡を供給する気体供給モジュールとを備える濾過ユニットであって、上記気体供給モジュールが、気体圧送装置と、この気体圧送装置に一端が接続される当該散気管とを有する。 A filtration unit according to another aspect of the present invention made to solve the above problems includes a filtration module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and a gas supply module that supplies bubbles from below the filtration module. It is a filtration unit, Comprising: The said gas supply module has a gas pumping apparatus and the said diffuser pipe by which one end is connected to this gas pumping apparatus.
　本発明の散気管は、内部への固形分の滞留を防止することができる。また、本発明の濾過ユニットは、散気管内部への固形分の滞留を防止することができるので中空糸膜の洗浄効率に優れる。 The diffuser of the present invention can prevent the solid content from staying inside. Moreover, since the filtration unit of the present invention can prevent solid content from staying in the diffuser tube, it is excellent in the cleaning efficiency of the hollow fiber membrane.
本発明の一実施形態に係る散気管を示す模式的側面図である。It is a typical side view showing a diffuser tube concerning one embodiment of the present invention. 図１の散気管の内部に気体を導入した状態を示す模式的断面図である。It is typical sectional drawing which shows the state which introduce | transduced gas into the inside of the diffuser tube of FIG. 図１の散気管のＡ－Ａ線断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the air diffuser of FIG. 1 taken along line AA. 図１の散気管とは異なる実施形態に係る散気管を示す模式的側面図である。It is a typical side view which shows the diffuser which concerns on embodiment different from the diffuser of FIG. 図１、４の散気管とは異なる実施形態に係る散気管を示す模式的側面図である。It is a typical side view which shows the diffuser tube which concerns on embodiment different from the diffuser tube of FIG. 図５の散気管のＢ－Ｂ線断面図である。FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the diffuser tube of FIG. 5 taken along the line BB. 本発明の一実施形態に係る濾過ユニットを示す模式図である。It is a mimetic diagram showing a filtration unit concerning one embodiment of the present invention. 図１、４、５の散気管とは異なる実施形態に係る散気管を示す模式的側面図である。It is a typical side view which shows the diffuser tube which concerns on embodiment different from the diffuser tube of FIG. 図８の散気管のＣ－Ｃ線断面図である。It is CC sectional view taken on the line of the diffuser tube of FIG. 図１、４、５、８の散気管とは異なる実施形態に係る散気管を示す模式的側面図である。It is a typical side view which shows the diffuser tube which concerns on embodiment different from the diffuser tube of FIG. 図１０の散気管のＤ－Ｄ線断面図である。FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the diffuser tube of FIG. 10 taken along the line DD. 図１、４、５、８、１０の散気管とは異なる実施形態に係る散気管を示す模式的側面図である。It is a typical side view which shows the diffuser tube which concerns on embodiment different from the diffuser tube of FIG.
１、１１、２１、５１、６１、７１　散気管
２、１２、５２、６２、７２　散気孔
３、１３、２３、５３、６３　固形分排出開口
３１　濾過ユニット
３２　濾過モジュール
３３　気体供給モジュール
３４　中空糸膜
３５　上部保持部材
３６　下部保持部材
３７　排出管
３８　気体圧送装置 1, 11, 21, 51, 61, 71 Air diffuser 2, 12, 52, 62, 72 Air diffuser 3, 13, 23, 53, 63 Solid content discharge opening 31 Filtration unit 32 Filtration module 33 Gas supply module 34 Hollow fiber Membrane 35 Upper holding member 36 Lower holding member 37 Discharge pipe 38 Gas pressure feeding device
［本発明の実施形態の説明］
　最初に本発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。 [Description of Embodiment of the Present Invention]
First, embodiments of the present invention will be listed and described.
　本発明の一態様に係る散気管は、上側に配設される散気孔と、下側に配設される固形分排出開口とを備える。 The air diffuser according to one aspect of the present invention includes an air diffuser disposed on the upper side and a solid content discharge opening disposed on the lower side.
　当該散気管は、例えば複数本の中空糸膜を有する濾過モジュールの下方において、被処理液中に浸漬した状態で用いられる。そのため、当該散気管の軸方向の一端から気体が導入されると、この気体は当該散気管の上側の内壁と被処理液との間を流れる。その結果、当該散気管の内部には、気体から構成される気層及びこの気層の下側に位置する液層が形成される。ここで、当該散気管は、上側に配設される散気孔を備えるので、一端から導入された気体を他端側に送りつつこの散気孔から上方に吐出することができる。また、当該散気管は、下側に配設される固形分排出開口を備えるので、この固形分排出開口から懸濁物質等の固形分を排出することができる。従って、当該散気管は、内部への固形分の滞留を防止することができる。 The diffuser tube is used in a state where it is immersed in the liquid to be treated, for example, below a filtration module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes. For this reason, when a gas is introduced from one end of the diffuser tube in the axial direction, the gas flows between the upper inner wall of the diffuser tube and the liquid to be processed. As a result, an air layer composed of gas and a liquid layer located below the air layer are formed inside the air diffuser. Here, since the said air diffusion pipe is provided with the air diffusion hole arrange | positioned above, it can discharge upward from this air diffusion hole, sending the gas introduce | transduced from the one end to the other end side. Moreover, since the said diffuser tube is provided with the solid content discharge | release opening arrange | positioned below, solid content, such as a suspended solid, can be discharged | emitted from this solid content discharge | release opening. Therefore, the air diffuser can prevent the solid content from staying inside.
　複数の上記散気孔が軸方向に散点的に配設されるとよい。このように、複数の散気孔が軸方向に散点的に配設されることによって、当該散気管は、軸方向に沿って気体を効率的に吐出することができる。また、かかる構成によると、当該散気管は、散気管内に気層及び液層を安定的に維持し易い。 It is preferable that a plurality of the above-mentioned air diffusion holes are arranged in a scattered manner in the axial direction. As described above, the plurality of air diffusion holes are arranged in the axial direction so that the air diffusion pipe can efficiently discharge the gas along the axial direction. Moreover, according to this structure, the said diffuser tube is easy to maintain an air layer and a liquid layer stably in an diffuser tube.
　上記散気孔の中心が、中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致するよう配設されるとよい。このように、上記散気孔の中心が中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致するよう配設されることによって、当該散気管は、管内に形成される上記気層から気体を容易かつ確実に吐出することができる。 It is preferable that the center of the air diffuser be disposed so as to substantially coincide with a vertical plane passing through the central axis. Thus, by arranging the center of the air diffuser so as to substantially coincide with the vertical plane passing through the central axis, the air diffuser discharges gas easily and reliably from the air layer formed in the tube. be able to.
　上記固形分排出開口の中心が、中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致するよう配設されるとよい。このように、上記固形分排出開口の中心が中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致するよう配設されることによって、当該散気管は、固形分を容易かつ確実に排出することができる。 It is preferable that the center of the solid content discharge opening is disposed so as to substantially coincide with a vertical plane passing through the central axis. Thus, by arranging the center of the solid content discharge opening so as to substantially coincide with the vertical plane passing through the central axis, the air diffuser can easily and reliably discharge the solid content.
　上記固形分排出開口が、中心軸と平行なスリット状に形成されているとよい。このように、上記固形分排出開口が中心軸と平行なスリット状に形成されることによって、当該散気管は、固形分を容易かつ確実に排出することができる。 The solid content discharge opening may be formed in a slit shape parallel to the central axis. Thus, the said solid content discharge | emission opening is formed in the slit shape parallel to a center axis | shaft, The said air diffusion pipe | tube can discharge | emit solid content easily and reliably.
　上記散気孔と固形分排出開口とが中心軸を通る水平面を基準に対向するよう配設されるとよい。このように、上記散気孔と固形分排出開口とが中心軸を通る水平面を基準に対向するよう配設されることによって、上記散気孔から内部に固形分が侵入した場合でも、この固形分を管内に留めることなくこの散気孔と対向する固形分排出開口から排出し易くなる。 It is preferable that the air diffusion hole and the solid content discharge opening are arranged so as to face each other with respect to a horizontal plane passing through the central axis. Thus, by arranging the air diffuser hole and the solid content discharge opening so as to face each other with reference to a horizontal plane passing through the central axis, even if the solid content enters the inside from the air diffuser hole, the solid content is reduced. It becomes easy to discharge | emit from the solid content discharge opening facing this air diffusion hole, without staying in a pipe | tube.
　上記散気孔と固形分排出開口とが軸方向に交互に配設されるとよい。このように、上記散気孔と固形分排出開口とが軸方向に交互に配設されることによって、当該散気管の強度を高めることができる。 It is preferable that the air diffusion holes and the solid content discharge openings are alternately arranged in the axial direction. Thus, the strength of the air diffuser can be increased by alternately disposing the air diffuser holes and the solid content discharge openings in the axial direction.
　本発明の一態様に係る濾過ユニットは、複数本の中空糸膜を有する濾過モジュールと、この濾過モジュールの下方から気泡を供給する気体供給モジュールとを備える濾過ユニットであって、上記気体供給モジュールが、気体圧送装置と、この気体圧送装置に一端が接続される当該散気管とを有する。 A filtration unit according to an aspect of the present invention is a filtration unit including a filtration module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes and a gas supply module that supplies bubbles from below the filtration module, wherein the gas supply module is And a gas pumping device, and the air diffuser pipe having one end connected to the gas pumping device.
　当該濾過ユニットは、当該散気管を有するので、散気管内部への固形分の滞留を防止することができ、濾過モジュールの洗浄を効率よく行うことができる。 Since the filtration unit has the air diffusing tube, it is possible to prevent the solid content from staying inside the air diffusing tube and to efficiently clean the filtration module.
　なお、本発明において、「上側」及び「下側」とは、中心軸を通る水平面を基準とした上側及び下側を意味する。つまり、「上側」及び「下側」とは、中心軸を通る鉛直面のみを意味しない。また、「散気孔の中心が中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致する」とは、散気孔の中心を通り散気管の中心軸と交差する直線と中心軸を通る鉛直面とのなす角が±１０°以下であることをいい、好ましくは±５°以下であることをいう。また、「固形分排出開口の中心が中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致する」とは、固形分排出開口の中心を通り散気管の中心軸と交差する直線と中心軸を通る鉛直面とのなす角が±１０°以下であることをいい、好ましくは±５°以下であることをいう。 In the present invention, “upper side” and “lower side” mean an upper side and a lower side based on a horizontal plane passing through the central axis. That is, “upper side” and “lower side” do not mean only a vertical plane passing through the central axis. In addition, “the center of the air diffuser substantially coincides with the vertical plane passing through the central axis” means that the angle between the straight line passing through the center of the air diffuser and the central axis of the air diffuser and the vertical plane passing through the central axis is ± It means 10 ° or less, preferably ± 5 ° or less. In addition, “the center of the solid content discharge opening substantially coincides with the vertical plane passing through the central axis” means that the straight line passing through the center of the solid content discharge opening and intersecting the central axis of the air diffuser and the vertical plane passing through the central axis. It means that the formed angle is ± 10 ° or less, preferably ± 5 ° or less.
［本発明の実施形態の詳細］
　以下、適宜図面を参照しつつ、本発明の実施形態に係る散気管及び濾過ユニットを説明する。 [Details of the embodiment of the present invention]
Hereinafter, an air diffuser and a filtration unit according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate.
［第一実施形態］
＜散気管＞
　図１の散気管１は、複数本の中空糸膜を有する濾過モジュールの下方に配設され、吐出した気体により濾過モジュールを洗浄する。散気管１は、被処理液中に浸漬した状態で用いられる。また、散気管１は、中心軸が水平方向となるように配設される。 [First embodiment]
<Air diffuser>
1 is disposed below a filtration module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and cleans the filtration module with discharged gas. The air diffuser 1 is used in a state where it is immersed in the liquid to be treated. The air diffuser 1 is disposed so that the central axis is in the horizontal direction.
　散気管１は、直管状に形成されている。また、散気管１の軸方向の断面の形状は円形とされている。散気管１は、上側にかつ軸方向に散点的に配設される複数の散気孔２と、下側に配設される複数の固形分排出開口３とを備える。散気管１は、軸方向の一端から内部に導入される気体を他端側に送りつつ複数の散気管２から上方に吐出することにより濾過モジュールを洗浄する。 The diffuser tube 1 is formed in a straight tube shape. The shape of the cross section in the axial direction of the air diffusing tube 1 is circular. The air diffusion tube 1 includes a plurality of air diffusion holes 2 disposed on the upper side and scattered in the axial direction, and a plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 disposed on the lower side. The air diffuser 1 cleans the filtration module by discharging the gas introduced inside from one end in the axial direction upward from the plurality of air diffusers 2 while sending the gas to the other end.
　散気管１の主成分としては、ステンレス、鋼、銅、アルミニウム等の金属や、アクリル樹脂、ポリエチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、アクリロニトリル‐ブタジエン‐スチレン共重合体（ＡＢＳ樹脂）等の合成樹脂が挙げられる。中でも、耐久性に優れると共に比較的安価なポリ塩化ビニルが好ましい。 The main components of the air diffuser 1 include metals such as stainless steel, steel, copper, and aluminum, and synthetic resins such as acrylic resin, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS resin). Of these, polyvinyl chloride is preferable because of its excellent durability and relatively low cost.
　散気管１は、図２に示すように、軸方向の一端から内部に気体が導入されることで、内部に気層Ｘ及び液層（被処理液層）Ｙが形成される。つまり、散気管１は、被処理液中に浸漬された状態で用いられるため、気体導入前においては、内部に被処理液が満たされている。この状態で一端側から気体が導入されると、気体の比重が被処理液の比重よりも小さいため、気体は散気管１の上側の内壁と被処理液との間を流れる。その結果、散気管１の内部は、気体から構成される気層Ｘ及びこの気層Ｘの下側に位置する液層Ｙの２層の積層状態となる。また、当該散気管１は、複数の散気孔２が軸方向に散点的に配設されているので、この複数の散気孔２から気体を吐出することで、内部に導入される気体と外部に吐出される気体との釣り合いを取り易い。その結果、当該散気管１は、気層Ｘ及び液層Ｙとの２層状態を安定的に維持し易い。 As shown in FIG. 2, the gas diffusion tube 1 is formed with a gas layer X and a liquid layer (liquid layer to be processed) Y by introducing a gas from one end in the axial direction. That is, since the air diffuser 1 is used in a state of being immersed in the liquid to be processed, the liquid to be processed is filled inside before introducing the gas. When gas is introduced from one end side in this state, the specific gravity of the gas is smaller than the specific gravity of the liquid to be processed, so that the gas flows between the upper inner wall of the air diffuser 1 and the liquid to be processed. As a result, the inside of the air diffuser 1 is in a laminated state of two layers, that is, a gas layer X composed of gas and a liquid layer Y positioned below the gas layer X. In addition, since the air diffuser 1 has a plurality of air diffusers 2 arranged in a scattered manner in the axial direction, the gas introduced into the interior by discharging the gas from the air diffusers 2 and the outside It is easy to balance with the gas discharged into the. As a result, the diffuser tube 1 can easily maintain the two-layer state of the gas layer X and the liquid layer Y stably.
　散気管１に導入される気体としては、散気管１内の上側に気層Ｘを形成する必要から、被処理液よりも比重が小さいことが必要とされる。また、散気管１に導入される気体としては、不活性ガスが好ましい。このような気体としては、特に限定されないが、典型的には空気が挙げられる。 The gas introduced into the air diffuser 1 is required to have a specific gravity smaller than that of the liquid to be treated because it is necessary to form the gas layer X on the upper side of the air diffuser 1. The gas introduced into the air diffuser 1 is preferably an inert gas. Although it does not specifically limit as such gas, Typically, air is mentioned.
　散気管１の内径の下限としては、６ｍｍが好ましく、１０ｍｍがより好ましく、１５ｍｍがさらに好ましい。一方、散気管１の内径の上限としては、７０ｍｍが好ましく、６０ｍｍがより好ましく、５０ｍｍがさらに好ましい。散気管１の内径が上記下限に満たないと、散気管１の内部に気層Ｘ及び液層Ｙを的確に形成できないおそれがある。逆に、散気管１の内径が上記上限を超えると、管内の体積が大きくなり、懸濁物質等の固形物が内部に滞留し易くなるおそれがある。また、当該散気管１は、気体が一端から他端側に送られるのに伴って液層Ｙを構成する被処理液も一端から他端側に流れ、この被処理液の流れにより管内に滞留する固形分を排出することができる。しかしながら、上記内径が上記上限を超えると、管内における液層Ｙの占める割合が高くなり易いため、気体の導入に基づく被処理液の流れが十分に得られず、その結果固形分の排出効率が低下するおそれがある。 The lower limit of the inner diameter of the air diffuser 1 is preferably 6 mm, more preferably 10 mm, and even more preferably 15 mm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the inner diameter of the air diffuser 1 is preferably 70 mm, more preferably 60 mm, and even more preferably 50 mm. If the inner diameter of the air diffusing tube 1 is less than the lower limit, the gas layer X and the liquid layer Y may not be accurately formed inside the air diffusing tube 1. On the other hand, when the inner diameter of the air diffusing tube 1 exceeds the above upper limit, the volume in the tube increases, and there is a risk that solids such as suspended substances are likely to stay inside. In addition, as the gas is sent from one end to the other end side, the liquid to be processed which constitutes the liquid layer Y also flows from one end to the other end side, and the air diffuser 1 is retained in the pipe by the flow of the liquid to be processed. The solid content to be discharged can be discharged. However, if the inner diameter exceeds the upper limit, the ratio of the liquid layer Y in the tube tends to be high, so that the flow of the liquid to be treated based on the introduction of the gas cannot be sufficiently obtained, and as a result, the solid content is efficiently discharged. May decrease.
　散気管１の平均管厚の下限としては、１ｍｍが好ましく、２ｍｍがより好ましい。一方、散気管１の平均管厚の上限としては、６ｍｍが好ましく、４ｍｍがより好ましい。散気管１の平均管厚が上記下限に満たないと、十分な強度が得られないおそれがある。逆に、散気管１の平均管厚が上記上限を超えると、外径が不必要に大きくなるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the average tube thickness of the diffuser tube 1 is preferably 1 mm, and more preferably 2 mm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average tube thickness of the diffusing tube 1 is preferably 6 mm, and more preferably 4 mm. If the average tube thickness of the air diffuser 1 is less than the lower limit, sufficient strength may not be obtained. Conversely, if the average tube thickness of the air diffuser 1 exceeds the upper limit, the outer diameter may be unnecessarily increased.
（散気孔）
　複数の散気孔２は、円形に形成されている。複数の散気孔２は、図１に示すように、散気管１の軸方向に等間隔で配設されている。当該散気管１は、複数の散気孔２が軸方向に等間隔で配設されることによって、一端から導入される気体を他端側に送りつつ、軸方向に沿って略均一に吐出することができる。なお、複数の散気孔２は、例えばレーザー加工によって形成することができる。 (Air diffuser)
The plurality of air diffusion holes 2 are formed in a circular shape. As shown in FIG. 1, the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 are arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction of the air diffusion tube 1. The air diffuser 1 has a plurality of air diffuser holes 2 arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction, and discharges gas introduced from one end to the other end side while discharging substantially uniformly along the axial direction. Can do. The plurality of diffuser holes 2 can be formed by laser processing, for example.
　また、複数の散気孔２の中心は、散気管１の中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致するよう配設されている。つまり、複数の散気孔２の中心は、散気管１の中心軸を通る鉛直面に含まれる。当該散気管１は、複数の散気孔２の中心が中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致するよう配設されることによって、管内に形成される気層Ｘから気体を容易かつ確実に吐出することができる。 Further, the centers of the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 are arranged so as to substantially coincide with a vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffusion tube 1. That is, the centers of the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 are included in a vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffusion tube 1. The air diffuser 1 is arranged so that the center of the plurality of air diffusers 2 substantially coincides with a vertical plane passing through the central axis, thereby easily and reliably discharging gas from the air layer X formed in the tube. Can do.
　図３に示すように、散気孔２と固形分排出開口３とは散気管１の中心軸を通る水平面を基準に対向するよう配設されている。これにより、当該散気管１は、散気孔２から内部に固形分が侵入した場合でも、この固形分を管内に留めることなくこの散気孔２と対向する固形分排出開口３から排出し易くなる。また特に、本実形態においては、複数の散気孔２の中心が散気管１の周壁の最上部と一致し、かつ複数の固形分排出開口３の中心が上記周壁の最下部と一致するように配設されている。従って、当該散気管１は、固形分が内部に滞留するおそれをさらに低減することができる。 As shown in FIG. 3, the diffuser holes 2 and the solid content discharge openings 3 are arranged so as to face each other on the basis of a horizontal plane passing through the central axis of the diffuser pipe 1. As a result, even when the solid content enters the inside of the air diffuser 2 from the air diffuser 2, the air diffuser 1 is easily discharged from the solid content discharge opening 3 facing the air diffuser 2 without being retained in the tube. In particular, in the present embodiment, the centers of the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 coincide with the uppermost part of the peripheral wall of the air diffusion tube 1 and the centers of the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 coincide with the lowermost part of the peripheral wall. It is arranged. Therefore, the air diffuser 1 can further reduce the possibility that the solid content stays inside.
　複数の散気孔２の平均径Ｄ１は、複数の固形分排出開口３の平均径Ｄ２よりも小さい。当該散気管１は、複数の散気孔２の平均径Ｄ１が複数の固形分排出開口３の平均径Ｄ２よりも小さいことによって、管内への固形分の滞留が効果的に防止される。なお、複数の散気孔２の径は、各々異なっていてもよいが、気体を均等に吐出する点からは同一であることが好ましい。 The average diameter D 1 of the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 is smaller than the average diameter D 2 of the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3. The diffuser tube 1, an average diameter D 1 of the plurality of diffusing pores 2 by less than the average diameter D 2 of the plurality of solids discharge opening 3, the residence of the solids in the tube is effectively prevented. In addition, although the diameter of several diffuser holes 2 may each differ, it is preferable that it is the same from the point which discharges gas equally.
　複数の散気孔２の平均径Ｄ１の下限としては、１ｍｍが好ましく、２ｍｍがより好ましい。一方、複数の散気孔２の平均径Ｄ１の上限としては、１０ｍｍが好ましく、８ｍｍがより好ましい。上記平均径Ｄ１が上記下限に満たないと、散気孔２が十分に気体を吐出できないおそれがある。逆に、上記平均径Ｄ１が上記上限を超えると、各散気孔２からの気体の吐出量が多くなり過ぎることにより、一端から気体が導入された場合にこの気体が一端側に配設される散気孔２から吐出され過ぎて、他端側からの吐出量が十分に得られなくなるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the average diameter D 1 of the plurality of diffusing pores 2, 1 mm are preferred, 2 mm is more preferable. In contrast, the upper limit of the mean diameter D 1 of the plurality of diffusing pores 2, 10 mm are preferred, 8 mm is more preferable. When the average diameter D 1 is less than the above lower limit, diffusing pores 2 may not be sufficiently discharged gas. Conversely, if the average diameter D 1 exceeds the upper limit, by gas discharge amount is too large from the diffusing pores 2, the gas is disposed at one end when the gas is introduced from one end There is a possibility that the discharge amount from the other end side cannot be sufficiently obtained due to excessive discharge from the air diffusion hole 2.
（固形分排出開口）
　複数の固形分排出開口３は、散気管１に設けた複数の孔からなる。また、複数の固形分排出開口３は、円形に形成される。複数の固形分排出開口３は、図１に示すように、散気管１の軸方向に等間隔で配設される。当該散気管１は、複数の固形分排出開口３が軸方向に等間隔で配設されることによって、管内に滞留する固形分を容易かつ確実に排出することができる。なお、複数の固形分排出開口３は、例えばレーザー加工によって形成することができる。また、当該散気管１は、上述のように、散気孔２と固形分排出開口３とが中心軸を通る水平面を基準に対向するよう配設されているので、複数の固形分排出開口３の平均ピッチは、複数の散気孔２の平均ピッチＰ１と同様とされる。 (Solid content discharge opening)
The plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 are composed of a plurality of holes provided in the air diffusion tube 1. The plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 are formed in a circular shape. As shown in FIG. 1, the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 are arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction of the air diffusion tube 1. The air diffuser 1 can easily and reliably discharge the solid content retained in the pipe by disposing the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 at equal intervals in the axial direction. The plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 can be formed by, for example, laser processing. Further, as described above, the air diffuser 1 is disposed so that the air diffuser 2 and the solid content discharge opening 3 are opposed to each other with reference to a horizontal plane passing through the central axis. The average pitch is the same as the average pitch P 1 of the plurality of air diffusion holes 2.
　複数の固形分排出開口３の中心は、散気管１の中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致するよう配設されている。当該散気管１は、複数の固形分排出開口３の中心が中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致するよう配設されることによって、管内に形成される液層Ｙから固形分を容易かつ確実に排出することができる。 The centers of the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 are arranged so as to substantially coincide with a vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffuser 1. The diffuser tube 1 is disposed so that the centers of the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 substantially coincide with the vertical plane passing through the central axis, so that the solid content can be easily and reliably removed from the liquid layer Y formed in the tube. Can be discharged.
　複数の固形分排出開口３の平均径Ｄ２の下限としては、２ｍｍが好ましく、３ｍｍがより好ましい。一方、複数の固形分排出開口３の平均径Ｄ２の上限としては、２５ｍｍが好ましく、２０ｍｍがより好ましい。上記平均径Ｄ２が上記下限に満たないと、固形分排出開口３が、固形分を的確に排出できないおそれがある。逆に、上記平均径Ｄ２が上記上限を超えると、当該散気管１の強度が低下するおそれがある。なお、複数の固形分排出開口３の径は、各々異なっていてもよいが、各固形分排出開口３から固形分を効果的に排出する点からは同一であることが好ましい。 The lower limit of the average diameter D 2 of the plurality of solids discharge openings 3, 2 mm are preferred, 3 mm is more preferable. In contrast, the upper limit of the mean diameter D 2 of the plurality of solids discharge openings 3, 25 mm is preferable, 20 mm is more preferable. When the average diameter D 2 is smaller than the above lower limit, the solids discharge opening 3, it may not be properly discharged solids. Conversely, the average diameter D 2 exceeds the upper limit, the strength of the diffuser tube 1 may decrease. In addition, although the diameter of the some solid content discharge | release opening 3 may each differ, it is preferable that it is the same from the point which discharges | emits solid content from each solid content discharge | release opening 3 effectively.
　複数の散気孔２の平均径Ｄ１に対する複数の固形分排出開口３の平均径Ｄ２の比（Ｄ２／Ｄ１）の下限としては、１１／１０が好ましく、６／５がより好ましい。一方上記比（Ｄ２／Ｄ１）の上限としては、５／２が好ましく、３／２がより好ましい。上記比（Ｄ２／Ｄ１）が上記下限に満たないと、固形分排出開口３の径が小さくなり過ぎて固形分排出開口３から固形分を的確に排出できないおそれがある。また、散気孔２と固形分排出開口３とが散気管１の中心軸を通る水平面を基準に対向するよう配設されている場合にあっては、当該散気管１は、散気孔２から内部に浸入した固形分を管内に留めることなく固形分排出開口３から排出し難くなるおそれがある。逆に、上記比（Ｄ２／Ｄ１）が上記上限を超えると、固形分排出開口３の径が大きくなり過ぎて当該散気管１の強度が低下するおそれがある。 The lower limit of the ratio (D 2 / D 1 ) of the average diameter D 2 of the plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 to the average diameter D 1 of the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 is preferably 11/10, and more preferably 6/5. On the other hand, the upper limit of the ratio (D 2 / D 1 ) is preferably 5/2, and more preferably 3/2. If the ratio (D 2 / D 1 ) is less than the lower limit, the diameter of the solid content discharge opening 3 becomes too small, and the solid content may not be accurately discharged from the solid content discharge opening 3. In addition, when the air diffuser 2 and the solid content discharge opening 3 are arranged so as to face each other with respect to a horizontal plane passing through the central axis of the air diffuser 1, the air diffuser 1 is connected from the air diffuser 2 to the inside. There is a possibility that it is difficult to discharge the solid content that has entered into the tube from the solid content discharge opening 3 without being retained in the pipe. On the other hand, if the ratio (D 2 / D 1 ) exceeds the upper limit, the diameter of the solid content discharge opening 3 becomes too large, and the strength of the diffuser tube 1 may be reduced.
＜利点＞
　当該散気管１は、上側にかつ軸方向に散点的に配設される複数の散気孔２を備えるので、軸方向の一端から導入された気体を他端側に送りつつ複数の散気孔２から上方に効率的に吐出することができる。これにより、当該散気管１は、この吐出された気体によって濾過モジュールを洗浄することができる。また、当該散気管１は、下側に配設される複数の固形分排出開口３を備えるので、この固形分排出開口３から懸濁物質等の固形分を排出することができる。さらに、当該散気管１は、気体が一端から他端側に送られるのに伴って液層Ｙを構成する被処理液も一端から他端側に流れる。そのため、当該散気管１は、下側に配設される複数の固形分排出開口３を備えることで、管内に存在する固形分を上記被処理液の流れによって他端側に押し流しつつ、固形分排出開口３から外部に排出することができる。従って、当該散気管１は、内部への固形分の滞留を容易に防止することができる。　 <Advantages>
The air diffusion tube 1 includes a plurality of air diffusion holes 2 disposed on the upper side and scattered in the axial direction, and therefore, the plurality of air diffusion holes 2 are sent while sending the gas introduced from one end in the axial direction to the other end side. It is possible to efficiently discharge from above. Thereby, the said air diffusing tube 1 can wash | clean a filtration module with this discharged gas. In addition, since the air diffuser 1 includes a plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 disposed on the lower side, the solid content such as suspended solids can be discharged from the solid content discharge openings 3. Further, in the air diffuser 1, the liquid to be processed that constitutes the liquid layer Y flows from one end to the other end side as the gas is sent from one end to the other end side. Therefore, the diffuser tube 1 is provided with a plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 disposed on the lower side, so that the solid content present in the tube is pushed to the other end side by the flow of the liquid to be treated, and the solid content It can be discharged from the discharge opening 3 to the outside. Therefore, the diffuser tube 1 can easily prevent the solid content from staying inside.
　当該散気管１は、複数の固形分排出開口３が複数の孔からなるので、この固形分排出開口３が存在しない下側部分には周壁が存在する。そのため、当該散気管１は、管内に気層Ｘ及び液層Ｙを形成し易いと共に、下方から気体が漏れ出るおそれが低い。従って、当該散気管１は、複数の散気孔２から気体を的確に吐出することができる。 The diffuser tube 1 has a plurality of solid content discharge openings 3 formed of a plurality of holes, so that a peripheral wall exists in a lower portion where the solid content discharge openings 3 do not exist. Therefore, the air diffuser 1 is easy to form the gas layer X and the liquid layer Y in the tube, and the gas is less likely to leak from below. Therefore, the air diffuser 1 can accurately discharge gas from the plurality of air diffusers 2.
［第二実施形態］
＜散気管＞
　図４の散気管１１は、図１の散気管１に替えて用いられる。図４の散気管１１は、上側にかつ軸方向に散点的に配設される複数の散気孔１２と、下側に配設される複数の固形分排出開口１３とを備える。図４の散気管１１は、複数の散気孔１２及び複数の固形分排出開口１３の配置以外は図１の散気管１と同様に構成される。そのため、以下においては、複数の散気孔１２及び複数の固形分排出開口１３の位置関係についてのみ説明する。 [Second Embodiment]
<Air diffuser>
The diffuser tube 11 of FIG. 4 is used in place of the diffuser tube 1 of FIG. The air diffuser 11 in FIG. 4 includes a plurality of air diffuser holes 12 disposed on the upper side and scattered in the axial direction, and a plurality of solid content discharge openings 13 disposed on the lower side. The diffuser tube 11 of FIG. 4 is configured in the same manner as the diffuser tube 1 of FIG. 1 except for the arrangement of the plurality of diffuser holes 12 and the plurality of solid content discharge openings 13. Therefore, only the positional relationship between the plurality of air diffusion holes 12 and the plurality of solid content discharge openings 13 will be described below.
　散気孔１２と、固形分排出開口１３とは散気管１１の軸方向に交互に配設されている。当該散気管１１は、散気孔１２と固形分排出開口１３とが軸方向に交互に配設されることによって、強度を高めることができる。散気管１１の軸方向において隣接する散気孔１２及び固形分排出開口１３の平均ピッチＰは、特に限定されないが、等間隔であることが好ましい。また、散気管１１の軸方向において散気孔１２及び固形分排出開口１３が重複する部分が存在しない方が好ましい。 The diffuser holes 12 and the solid content discharge openings 13 are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the diffuser tube 11. The diffuser tube 11 can be increased in strength by disposing the diffuser holes 12 and the solid content discharge openings 13 alternately in the axial direction. The average pitch P of the air diffuser holes 12 and the solid content discharge openings 13 adjacent in the axial direction of the air diffuser 11 is not particularly limited, but is preferably equidistant. Moreover, it is preferable that there is no portion where the air diffusion holes 12 and the solid content discharge openings 13 overlap in the axial direction of the air diffusion tube 11.
［第三実施形態］
＜散気管＞
　図５の散気管２１は、図１、４の散気管１、１１に替えて用いられる。図５の散気管２１は、上側にかつ軸方向に散点的に配設される複数の散気孔２と、下側に配設される一の固形分排出開口２３とを備える。図５の散気管２１は、固形分排出開口２３の形状以外は図１の散気管１と同様に構成される。そのため、以下においては、固形分排出開口２３についてのみ説明する。 [Third embodiment]
<Air diffuser>
The diffuser tube 21 in FIG. 5 is used in place of the diffuser tubes 1 and 11 in FIGS. The air diffuser 21 shown in FIG. 5 includes a plurality of air diffusers 2 disposed in a scattered manner in the upper side and in the axial direction, and one solid content discharge opening 23 disposed on the lower side. The air diffuser 21 in FIG. 5 is configured in the same manner as the air diffuser 1 in FIG. 1 except for the shape of the solid content discharge opening 23. Therefore, only the solid content discharge opening 23 will be described below.
（固形分排出開口）
　固形分排出開口２３は、散気管２１の中心軸と平行なスリット状に形成されている。また特に、固形分排出開口２３は、図６に示すように、散気管２１の軸方向の一端から他端に亘って形成されている。つまり、当該散気管２１は、軸方向に垂直な断面が一端から他端に亘り下方に開口を有する略Ｃ字状に形成されている。 (Solid content discharge opening)
The solid content discharge opening 23 is formed in a slit shape parallel to the central axis of the air diffuser 21. In particular, as shown in FIG. 6, the solid content discharge opening 23 is formed from one end to the other end of the air diffusion tube 21 in the axial direction. In other words, the air diffuser 21 is formed in a substantially C shape having a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction and having an opening downward from one end to the other end.
　固形分排出開口２３の平均幅Ｗの下限としては、２ｍｍが好ましく、３ｍｍがより好ましい。一方、固形分排出開口２３の平均幅Ｗの上限としては、２５ｍｍが好ましく、２０ｍｍがより好ましい。上記平均幅Ｗが上記下限に満たないと、固形分が管内に滞留するおそれが高くなる。逆に、上記平均幅Ｗが上記上限を超えると、当該散気管２１の強度が低下するおそれがある。 The lower limit of the average width W of the solid content discharge opening 23 is preferably 2 mm, and more preferably 3 mm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average width W of the solid content discharge opening 23 is preferably 25 mm, and more preferably 20 mm. If the average width W is less than the lower limit, there is a high possibility that the solid content stays in the tube. Conversely, if the average width W exceeds the upper limit, the strength of the air diffuser 21 may be reduced.
　当該散気管２１の全周長さに対する固形分排出開口２３の平均幅Ｗの比の下限としては、１／２０が好ましく、１／１５がより好ましい。一方、上記比の上限としては、１／５が好ましく、１／１０がより好ましい。上記比が上記下限に満たないと、固形分が管内に滞留するおそれが高くなる。逆に、上記比が上記上限を超えると、当該散気管２１の強度が低下するおそれがある。 The lower limit of the ratio of the average width W of the solid content discharge opening 23 to the entire circumference of the air diffuser 21 is preferably 1/20, and more preferably 1/15. On the other hand, the upper limit of the ratio is preferably 1/5, and more preferably 1/10. If the ratio is less than the lower limit, the solid content is likely to stay in the tube. Conversely, if the ratio exceeds the upper limit, the strength of the air diffuser 21 may be reduced.
＜利点＞
　当該散気管２１は、固形分排出開口２３が、中心軸と平行なスリット状に形成されるので、固形分を容易かつ確実に排出することができる。特に、当該散気管２１は、固形分排出開口２３が、一端から他端に亘って形成されるので、管内に固形分が滞留するおそれ自体を著しく低減することができる。 <Advantages>
Since the solid content discharge opening 23 is formed in a slit shape parallel to the central axis, the air diffuser 21 can easily and reliably discharge the solid content. In particular, since the solid content discharge opening 23 is formed from one end to the other end of the air diffuser 21, it is possible to remarkably reduce the possibility of the solid content remaining in the pipe itself.
［第四実施形態］
＜濾過ユニット＞
　図７の濾過ユニット３１は、複数の濾過モジュール３２と、この濾過モジュール３２の下方から気泡を供給する気体供給モジュール３３とを備える。 [Fourth embodiment]
<Filtration unit>
The filtration unit 31 of FIG. 7 includes a plurality of filtration modules 32 and a gas supply module 33 that supplies bubbles from below the filtration modules 32.
（濾過モジュール）
　濾過モジュール３２は、複数本の中空糸膜３４と、複数本の中空糸膜３４の上端部を保持する上部保持部材３５と、複数本の中空糸膜３４の下端部を保持する下部保持部材３６とを有する。複数本の中空糸膜３４は、上下方向に引き揃えられかつ平面視における存在領域が長方形状とされている。また、上部保持部材３５及び下部保持部材３６は、各々平面視長方形状に形成される。複数本の中空糸膜３４は、上部保持部材３５の下面及び下部保持部材３６の上面の略全面に連結される。これにより、濾過モジュール３２は、上記存在領域の短辺方向（図７中の左右方向）を厚み方向とし、かつ上記存在領域の長辺方向（図７中の前後方向）を幅方向とする平面視長方形状に形成される。なお、「存在領域」とは、軸方向から見て濾過モジュール３２が有する全ての中空糸膜３４を包含する仮想多角形のうち最も面積の小さいものを意味する。 (Filtration module)
The filtration module 32 includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34, an upper holding member 35 that holds the upper ends of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34, and a lower holding member 36 that holds the lower ends of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34. And have. The plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34 are aligned in the vertical direction, and the existence region in a plan view is rectangular. The upper holding member 35 and the lower holding member 36 are each formed in a rectangular shape in plan view. The plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34 are connected to substantially the entire lower surface of the upper holding member 35 and the upper surface of the lower holding member 36. Thereby, the filtration module 32 has a plane in which the short side direction (left-right direction in FIG. 7) of the existence region is the thickness direction and the long side direction (front-rear direction in FIG. 7) of the existence region is the width direction. It is formed in a rectangular shape. The “existing region” means a virtual polygon having the smallest area among the virtual polygons including all the hollow fiber membranes 34 included in the filtration module 32 when viewed from the axial direction.
　複数の濾過モジュール３２は、ストライプ状に配設される。詳細には、複数の濾過モジュール３２は、隣接する濾過モジュール３２同士が厚み方向に所定の間隔をあけて整列するよう配設される。 The plurality of filtration modules 32 are arranged in a stripe shape. Specifically, the plurality of filtration modules 32 are arranged such that adjacent filtration modules 32 are aligned at a predetermined interval in the thickness direction.
　複数の濾過モジュール３２の厚み方向の平均間隔の下限としては、１０ｍｍが好ましく、１５ｍｍがより好ましい。一方、複数の濾過モジュール３２の厚み方向の平均間隔の上限としては、３０ｍｍが好ましく、２５ｍｍがより好ましい。上記平均間隔が上記下限に満たないと、後述する散気管１から吐出される気体を濾過モジュール３２間に的確に導入することが困難になるおそれがある。逆に、上記平均間隔が上記上限を超えると、濾過モジュール３２の存在密度が低下して濾過効率が低下するおそれがある。なお、「濾過モジュールの厚み方向の平均間隔」とは、上記存在領域間の短辺方向の平均間隔をいう。 The lower limit of the average interval in the thickness direction of the plurality of filtration modules 32 is preferably 10 mm, and more preferably 15 mm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average interval in the thickness direction of the plurality of filtration modules 32 is preferably 30 mm, and more preferably 25 mm. If the average interval is less than the lower limit, it may be difficult to accurately introduce gas discharged from the diffuser 1 described later between the filtration modules 32. On the other hand, when the average interval exceeds the upper limit, the existence density of the filtration module 32 may be reduced and the filtration efficiency may be reduced. The “average interval in the thickness direction of the filtration module” refers to the average interval in the short side direction between the existing regions.
（中空糸膜）
　中空糸膜３４は、水を透過させる一方、被処理液に含まれる懸濁物質の透過を阻止する多孔性の膜を管状に成形したものである。 (Hollow fiber membrane)
The hollow fiber membrane 34 is formed by forming a porous membrane into a tubular shape that allows water to permeate while blocking the permeation of suspended substances contained in the liquid to be treated.
　中空糸膜３４としては、熱可塑性樹脂を主成分とするものを用いることができる。この熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、エチレン－ビニルアルコール共重合体、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリスチレン、ポリサルホン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、酢酸セルロース、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン（ＰＴＦＥ）等が挙げられる。これらの中でも耐薬品性、耐熱性、耐候性、不燃性等に優れ、多孔質性であるＰＴＦＥが好ましく、１軸又は２軸延伸されたＰＴＦＥがより好ましい。なお、中空糸膜３４の形成材料には、他のポリマー、潤滑剤などの添加剤等が適宜配合されていてもよい。 As the hollow fiber membrane 34, a material mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin can be used. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polystyrene, polysulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, cellulose acetate, and polyacrylonitrile. And polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Among these, PTFE which is excellent in chemical resistance, heat resistance, weather resistance, nonflammability and the like and is porous is preferable, and uniaxially or biaxially stretched PTFE is more preferable. In addition, other polymers, additives, such as a lubricant, etc. may be mix | blended with the forming material of the hollow fiber membrane 34 suitably.
　上記存在領域の短辺方向の平均長さＬ１の下限としては、１５ｍｍが好ましく、２５ｍｍがより好ましい。一方、上記平均長さＬ１の上限としては、１００ｍｍが好ましく、５０ｍｍがより好ましい。上記平均長さＬ１が上記下限に満たないと、十分な濾過効率が得られないおそれがある。逆に、上記平均長さＬ１が上記上限を超えると、散気管１から吐出される気体を中空糸膜３４の束の中心部まで的確に供給できないおそれがある。 The lower limit of the average length L 1 of the short side direction of the existing area, 15 mm is preferable, 25 mm is more preferable. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average length L 1, 100 mm is preferable, 50 mm is more preferable. When the average length L 1 is less than the above lower limit, there is a possibility that sufficient filtration efficiency. Conversely, the average length L 1 is more than the upper limit, it may be impossible to accurately supply the gas to be discharged from the diffuser tube 1 to the center of the bundle of hollow fiber membranes 34.
　中空糸膜３４の上記長辺方向の平均ピッチは、上記短辺方向の平均ピッチよりも大きいことが好ましい。中空糸膜３４の上記長辺方向の平均ピッチに対する上記短辺方向の平均ピッチの比の下限としては、２／５が好ましく、１／２がより好ましい。一方、中空糸膜３４の上記長辺方向の平均ピッチに対する上記短辺方向の平均ピッチの比の上限としては、４／５が好ましく、２／３がより好ましい。上記比が上記下限に満たないと、上記長辺方向の中空糸膜３４の密度が小さくなり、十分な濾過効率が得られないおそれがある。逆に、上記比が上記上限を超えると、散気管１から吐出される気体を上記短辺方向の一端側から中空糸膜３４間に十分に導入できないおそれがある。 The average pitch in the long side direction of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably larger than the average pitch in the short side direction. The lower limit of the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction to the average pitch in the long side direction of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 2/5, and more preferably 1/2. On the other hand, the upper limit of the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction to the average pitch in the long side direction of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 4/5, and more preferably 2/3. If the ratio is less than the above lower limit, the density of the hollow fiber membrane 34 in the long side direction becomes small, and sufficient filtration efficiency may not be obtained. Conversely, if the ratio exceeds the upper limit, the gas discharged from the air diffuser 1 may not be sufficiently introduced between the hollow fiber membranes 34 from one end side in the short side direction.
　上記存在領域において上記短辺方向に配列される中空糸膜３４の本数（配列数）の下限としては、８本が好ましく、１２本がより好ましい。一方、上記短辺方向に配列される中空糸膜３４の本数の上限としては、５０本が好ましく、４０本がより好ましい。上記短辺方向に配列される中空糸膜３４の本数が上記下限に満たないと、単位面積当たりの濾過効率を十分確保できないおそれがある。逆に、上記短辺方向に配列される中空糸膜３４の本数が上記上限を超えると、散気管１から吐出される気体を中空糸膜３４の束の中心部まで的確に供給できないおそれがある。 The lower limit of the number (arrangement number) of the hollow fiber membranes 34 arranged in the short side direction in the existence region is preferably 8, and more preferably 12. On the other hand, the upper limit of the number of hollow fiber membranes 34 arranged in the short side direction is preferably 50, more preferably 40. If the number of the hollow fiber membranes 34 arranged in the short side direction is less than the lower limit, the filtration efficiency per unit area may not be sufficiently secured. Conversely, if the number of hollow fiber membranes 34 arranged in the short side direction exceeds the upper limit, the gas discharged from the air diffuser 1 may not be accurately supplied to the center of the bundle of hollow fiber membranes 34. .
　中空糸膜３４の平均外径に対する上記短辺方向の平均ピッチの比の下限としては、１が好ましい。一方、中空糸膜３４の平均外径に対する上記短辺方向の平均ピッチの比の上限としては、３／２が好ましく、７／５がより好ましい。中空糸膜３４の平均外径に対する上記短辺方向の平均ピッチの比が上記下限に満たないと、中空糸膜３４が径方向に押し潰された状態で配置されることになるので濾過モジュール３２の製造が困難となるおそれがある。逆に、中空糸膜３４の平均外径に対する上記短辺方向の平均ピッチの比が上記上限を超えると、上記短辺方向の中空糸膜３４の密度が小さくなることによって十分な濾過効率が得られないおそれがある。 The lower limit of the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 1. On the other hand, the upper limit of the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 3/2, and more preferably 7/5. If the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction with respect to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is less than the lower limit, the hollow fiber membrane 34 is disposed in a state of being crushed in the radial direction. May be difficult to manufacture. On the contrary, when the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 exceeds the upper limit, the density of the hollow fiber membrane 34 in the short side direction becomes small, thereby obtaining sufficient filtration efficiency. There is a risk of not being able to.
　中空糸膜３４の平均外径の下限としては、１ｍｍが好ましく、１．５ｍｍがより好ましく、２ｍｍがさらに好ましい。一方、中空糸膜３４の平均外径の上限としては、６ｍｍが好ましく、５ｍｍがより好ましく、４ｍｍがさらに好ましい。中空糸膜３４の平均外径が上記下限に満たないと、中空糸膜３４の機械的強度が不十分となるおそれがある。逆に、中空糸膜３４の平均外径が上記上限を超えると、中空糸膜３４の可撓性が不足することにより気体の接触による中空糸膜３４の振動及び搖動が不十分となる。その結果、中空糸膜３４間の隙間を拡げて気体を中空糸膜３４の束の中心部まで案内することができないおそれや、中空糸膜３４の断面積に対する表面積の比が小さくなって濾過効率が低下するおそれがある。 The lower limit of the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 1 mm, more preferably 1.5 mm, and even more preferably 2 mm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 6 mm, more preferably 5 mm, and even more preferably 4 mm. If the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is less than the lower limit, the mechanical strength of the hollow fiber membrane 34 may be insufficient. On the other hand, when the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 exceeds the above upper limit, the hollow fiber membrane 34 becomes insufficient in flexibility, and vibration and peristalsis of the hollow fiber membrane 34 due to gas contact become insufficient. As a result, the gap between the hollow fiber membranes 34 may not be widened to guide the gas to the center of the bundle of hollow fiber membranes 34, and the ratio of the surface area to the cross-sectional area of the hollow fiber membranes 34 is reduced, resulting in a filtration efficiency. May decrease.
　中空糸膜３４の平均内径の下限としては、０．３ｍｍが好ましく、０．５ｍｍがより好ましく、０．９ｍｍがさらに好ましい。一方、中空糸膜３４の平均内径の上限としては、４ｍｍが好ましく、３ｍｍがより好ましい。中空糸膜３４の平均内径が上記下限に満たないと、中空糸膜３４内の濾過済液を排出する時の圧損が大きくなるおそれがある。逆に、中空糸膜３４の平均内径が上記上限を超えると、中空糸膜３４の厚みが小さくなって機械的強度及び懸濁物質の透過阻止効果が不十分となるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the average inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 0.3 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm, and even more preferably 0.9 mm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 4 mm, and more preferably 3 mm. If the average inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is less than the above lower limit, the pressure loss when the filtered liquid in the hollow fiber membrane 34 is discharged may increase. On the contrary, if the average inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 exceeds the above upper limit, the thickness of the hollow fiber membrane 34 may be reduced, and the mechanical strength and the suspended matter permeation preventing effect may be insufficient.
　中空糸膜３４の平均外径に対する平均内径の比の下限としては、３／１０が好ましく、２／５がより好ましい。一方、中空糸膜３４の平均外径に対する平均内径の比の上限としては、４／５が好ましく、３／５がより好ましい。中空糸膜３４の平均外径に対する平均内径の比が上記下限に満たないと、中空糸膜３４の厚みが必要以上に大きくなって中空糸膜３４の透水性が低下するおそれがある。逆に、中空糸膜３４の平均外径に対する平均内径の比が上記上限を超えると、中空糸膜３４の厚みが小さくなって機械的強度及び懸濁物質の透過阻止効果が不十分となるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the ratio of the average inner diameter to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 3/10, and more preferably 2/5. On the other hand, the upper limit of the ratio of the average inner diameter to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 4/5, and more preferably 3/5. If the ratio of the average inner diameter to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is less than the above lower limit, the thickness of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is unnecessarily large and the water permeability of the hollow fiber membrane 34 may be reduced. On the other hand, if the ratio of the average inner diameter to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 34 exceeds the above upper limit, the thickness of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is reduced, and the mechanical strength and the suspended matter permeation preventing effect may be insufficient. There is.
　中空糸膜３４の平均有効長さＬ２の下限としては、１ｍが好ましく、２ｍがより好ましい。一方、中空糸膜３４の平均有効長さＬ２の上限としては、６ｍが好ましく、５ｍがより好ましい。中空糸膜３４の平均有効長さＬ２が上記下限に満たないと、気体の擦過による中空糸膜３４の搖動が不十分となり、中空糸膜３４間の隙間を拡げて気体を中空糸膜３４の束の中心部まで案内することができないおそれがある。逆に、中空糸膜３４の平均有効長さＬ２が上記上限を超えると、中空糸膜３４の自重によって中空糸膜３４のたわみが大きくなり過ぎるおそれや、濾過モジュール３２の設置時等における取り扱い性が低下するおそれがある。なお、「中空糸膜の平均有効長さ」とは、上部保持部材３５の下端及び下部保持部材３６の上端間に配設される部分の軸方向長さをいう。 The lower limit of the average effective length L 2 of the hollow fiber membrane 34, 1 m are preferred, 2m is more preferable. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average effective length L 2 of the hollow fiber membrane 34, 6 m are preferred, 5m is more preferable. If the average effective length L 2 of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is less than the above lower limit, swinging of the hollow fiber membranes 34 by abrasion of the gas becomes insufficient, the hollow fiber membrane hollow fiber gas by expanding the gap between 34 film 34 There is a possibility that it cannot be guided to the center of the bundle. Conversely, handling in the average effective length L 2 of the hollow fiber membrane 34 exceeds the upper limit, fear and the deflection of the hollow fiber membranes 34 by the weight of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is too large, installation or the like of the filtration module 32 May decrease. The “average effective length of the hollow fiber membrane” refers to the axial length of the portion disposed between the lower end of the upper holding member 35 and the upper end of the lower holding member 36.
　中空糸膜３４の引張強度の下限としては、５０Ｎが好ましく、６０Ｎがより好ましい。中空糸膜３４の引張強度が上記下限に満たないと、気体による表面洗浄に対する耐久性が低下するおそれがある。一方、中空糸膜３４の引張強度の上限は、一般的には１５０Ｎである。なお、引張強度とは、ＪＩＳ－Ｋ７１６１（１９９４）に準拠し、標線間距離１００ｍｍ、試験速度１００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで引張試験を行った際の最大引張応力を意味する。　 The lower limit of the tensile strength of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is preferably 50N, and more preferably 60N. If the tensile strength of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is less than the lower limit, the durability against surface cleaning with gas may be reduced. On the other hand, the upper limit of the tensile strength of the hollow fiber membrane 34 is generally 150N. The tensile strength means the maximum tensile stress when a tensile test is conducted at a distance between marked lines of 100 mm and a test speed of 100 mm / min in accordance with JIS-K7161 (1994). *
　また、中空糸膜３４は、内面側に配設される支持層と、この支持層の外面側に積層される濾過層とを有する多層構造とすることが好ましい。このように、中空糸膜３４を多層構造とすることによって、透水性及び機械的強度を両立させ、さらに気体による表面洗浄効果を効果的にすることができる。 The hollow fiber membrane 34 preferably has a multilayer structure having a support layer disposed on the inner surface side and a filtration layer laminated on the outer surface side of the support layer. Thus, by making the hollow fiber membrane 34 into a multilayer structure, it is possible to achieve both water permeability and mechanical strength, and to make the surface cleaning effect by gas effective.
　上記支持層及び濾過層を形成する材料はポリテトラフルオロエチレン（ＰＴＦＥ）を主成分とするとよい。このように上記支持層及び濾過層の形成材料の主成分をＰＴＦＥとすることで、中空糸膜３４は、機械的強度に優れ、気体の擦過による中空糸膜表面の損傷等を受け難いものとなる。なお、上記濾過層は、例えばＰＴＦＥ製のシートを上記支持層に巻き付けて焼結することで形成することができる。 The material for forming the support layer and the filtration layer is preferably composed mainly of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). As described above, the main component of the material for forming the support layer and the filtration layer is PTFE, so that the hollow fiber membrane 34 has excellent mechanical strength and is not easily damaged by gas scrubbing. Become. The filtration layer can be formed by, for example, winding a PTFE sheet around the support layer and sintering it.
（上部保持部材）
　上部保持部材３５は、複数本の中空糸膜３４の上端部を保持する部材であり、複数本の中空糸膜３４の内腔と連通し、濾過済液を収集する排出部（集水ヘッダ）を有する。この排出部には排出管３７が接続され、複数本の中空糸膜３４の内部に浸透した濾過済液を排出する。 (Upper holding member)
The upper holding member 35 is a member that holds the upper ends of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34 and communicates with the lumens of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34 to collect the filtered liquid (water collection header). Have A discharge pipe 37 is connected to the discharge portion, and the filtered liquid that has permeated into the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34 is discharged.
（下部保持部材）
　下部保持部材３６は、複数本の中空糸膜３４の下端部を保持する部材である。下部保持部材３６は、上部保持部材３５と同様の構成としてもよく、中空糸膜３４の下端部を封止する排出部を有しない構成としてもよい。 (Lower holding member)
The lower holding member 36 is a member that holds the lower ends of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 34. The lower holding member 36 may have a configuration similar to that of the upper holding member 35, or may have a configuration that does not have a discharge portion that seals the lower end portion of the hollow fiber membrane 34.
　また、下部保持部材３６は、１本の中空糸膜３４をＵ字状に湾曲させて折り返す構成としてもよい。この場合、上部保持部材３５は、中空糸膜３４の両端を保持する。 Further, the lower holding member 36 may be configured such that one hollow fiber membrane 34 is bent in a U shape and folded. In this case, the upper holding member 35 holds both ends of the hollow fiber membrane 34.
　また、当該濾過モジュール３２の取り扱い（運搬、設置、交換等）を容易にするために、上部保持部材３５と下部保持部材３６とは連結部材で連結してもよい。この連結部材としては、例えば金属製の支持棒や、樹脂製のケーシング（外筒）等が挙げられる。 Further, in order to facilitate handling (transportation, installation, replacement, etc.) of the filtration module 32, the upper holding member 35 and the lower holding member 36 may be connected by a connecting member. Examples of the connecting member include a metal support rod and a resin casing (outer cylinder).
（気体供給モジュール）
　気体供給モジュール３３は、気体圧送装置３８と、気体圧送装置３８に一端が接続される散気管１とを有する。散気管１は、軸方向が複数の濾過モジュール３２の厚み方向（図７中の左右方向）と平行に配設されている。また、当該濾過ユニット３１においては、複数の散気管１が複数の濾過モジュール３２の幅方向（図７中の前後方向）に所定の間隔で配設されている。気体圧送装置３８としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば公知のブロワ、圧縮機が挙げられる。また、散気管１及び気体圧送装置３８は、例えば給気管（図示省略）を介して接続されてもよい。 (Gas supply module)
The gas supply module 33 includes a gas pumping device 38 and an air diffuser 1 having one end connected to the gas pumping device 38. The air diffuser 1 is disposed such that the axial direction is parallel to the thickness direction of the plurality of filtration modules 32 (the left-right direction in FIG. 7). Moreover, in the said filtration unit 31, the some diffuser 1 is arrange | positioned by the predetermined space | interval in the width direction (front-back direction in FIG. 7) of the some filtration module 32. FIG. The gas pressure feeding device 38 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known blowers and compressors. Further, the air diffuser 1 and the gas pressure feeding device 38 may be connected through an air supply pipe (not shown), for example.
＜利点＞
　当該濾過ユニット３１は、当該散気管１を有するので、散気管内部への固形分の滞留を防止することができ、濾過モジュール３２の洗浄を効率よく行うことができる。 <Advantages>
Since the filtration unit 31 has the air diffuser 1, the solid content can be prevented from staying inside the air diffuser and the filtration module 32 can be cleaned efficiently.
［その他の実施形態］
　今回開示された実施の形態は全ての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上記実施形態の構成に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内での全ての変更が含まれることが意図される。 [Other Embodiments]
The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the embodiment described above, but is defined by the scope of the claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of the claims. The
　例えば、複数の散気孔の中心は、必ずしも当該散気管の中心軸を通る鉛直面と略同一でなくてもよい。複数の散気孔の中心が当該散気管の中心軸を通る鉛直面と略同一でない構成としては、例えば図８、１０に記載する散気管５１、６１が挙げられる。 For example, the center of the plurality of air diffusion holes may not necessarily be substantially the same as the vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffusion tube. Examples of the configuration in which the centers of the plurality of air diffusion holes are not substantially the same as the vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffusion tube include the air diffusion tubes 51 and 61 described in FIGS.
　図８の散気管５１は、上側にかつ軸方向に散点的に配設される複数の散気孔５２と、下側に配設される複数の固形分排出開口５３とを備える。散気管５１は、図９に示すように、複数の散気孔５２が軸方向に垂直な断面において左右側に配設されている。当該散気管５１は、かかる構成によっても、複数の散気管５１から気体を上方に吐出すると共に、内部への固形分の滞留を防止することができる。また、複数の散気孔５２は、散気管５１の中心軸を通る鉛直面に対して対称位置に配設されるのが好ましい。これにより、当該散気管５１は、各散気孔５２から気体を略均等に吐出し易くなる。なお、当該散気管５１は、散気孔と固形分排出開口とが中心軸を通る水平面を基準に対向するよう配設されていないが、かかる構成によっても固形分を排出することは十分に可能である。 8 includes a plurality of air diffusion holes 52 disposed on the upper side and scattered in the axial direction, and a plurality of solid content discharge openings 53 disposed on the lower side. As shown in FIG. 9, the air diffusion pipe 51 has a plurality of air diffusion holes 52 arranged on the left and right sides in a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction. Even with this configuration, the air diffuser 51 can discharge the gas upward from the plurality of air diffusers 51 and prevent the solid content from staying inside. The plurality of air diffusion holes 52 are preferably arranged at symmetrical positions with respect to a vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffusion pipe 51. Thereby, the air diffuser 51 can easily discharge the gas from each air diffuser hole 52 substantially uniformly. The air diffuser 51 is not disposed so that the air diffuser hole and the solid content discharge opening are opposed to each other with respect to a horizontal plane passing through the central axis. However, even with such a configuration, the solid content can be sufficiently discharged. is there.
　図１０の散気管６１は、上側にかつ軸方向に散点的に配設される複数の散気孔６２と、下側に配設される複数の固形分排出開口６３とを備える。図１０の散気管６１は、軸方向に垂直な断面が四角形とされている。また、散気管６１は、図１１に示すように、複数の散気孔６２が側壁上部の対向位置に配設されると共に、軸方向と垂直方向における複数の固形分排出開口６３の幅が底壁の幅と同様とされている。当該散気管６１は、かかる構成によると、底壁に滞留する固形分を複数の固形分排出開口６３から的確に排出することができる。なお、当該散気管６１において、複数の固形分排出開口６３は矩形状であることが好ましい。 10 includes a plurality of air diffusion holes 62 disposed on the upper side and scattered in the axial direction, and a plurality of solid content discharge openings 63 disposed on the lower side. The air diffuser 61 in FIG. 10 has a quadrangular cross section perpendicular to the axial direction. In addition, as shown in FIG. 11, the air diffuser 61 is provided with a plurality of air diffusers 62 at positions opposed to the upper part of the side wall, and the width of the plurality of solid content discharge openings 63 in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction is the bottom wall. The width is the same. According to this configuration, the air diffuser 61 can accurately discharge the solid content retained on the bottom wall from the plurality of solid content discharge openings 63. In the air diffuser 61, the plurality of solid content discharge openings 63 are preferably rectangular.
　なお、図８、１０の散気管５１、６１において、複数の固形分排出開口５３、６３は、孔であってもよく、スリットであってもよい。また、散気孔５２、６２及び固形分排出開口５３、６３は、散気管５１、６１の軸方向における配設位置が一致している必要はなく、軸方向に交互に配設されていてもよい。 8 and 10, the plurality of solid content discharge openings 53 and 63 may be holes or slits. Also, the diffuser holes 52 and 62 and the solid content discharge openings 53 and 63 do not have to be arranged in the axial direction of the diffuser tubes 51 and 61, and may be alternately arranged in the axial direction. .
　当該散気管は、必ずしも複数の散気孔を有する必要はない。当該散気管は、例えば一のみの散気孔を有する場合であっても、この散気孔から気体を上方に吐出することができる。 The diffuser tube does not necessarily have a plurality of diffuser holes. For example, even if the air diffuser has only one air diffuser, the gas can be discharged upward from the air diffuser.
　当該散気管は、必ずしも直管状に形成される必要はない。当該散気管７１は、例えば図１２に示すように、一方の端部が下方に湾曲していてもよい。当該散気管７１は、かかる構成によると、内部に導入される気体を複数の散気孔７２から吐出すると共に、複数の中空糸膜から剥離した懸濁物質等が散気管７１の一端側から侵入するのを的確に防止することできる。また同時に、散気管７１内に気層及び液層を容易かつ確実に形成し易くなる。 The diffuser tube need not necessarily be formed in a straight tube shape. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, one end of the air diffuser 71 may be curved downward. According to such a configuration, the air diffuser 71 discharges the gas introduced into the air diffuser 72 from the plurality of air diffuser holes 72, and the suspended substance or the like separated from the plurality of hollow fiber membranes enters from one end side of the air diffuser 71. Can be prevented accurately. At the same time, an air layer and a liquid layer can be easily and reliably formed in the air diffuser 71.
　当該散気管は、固形分排出開口の中心が、必ずしも中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致するように配設される必要はなく、例えば軸方向と垂直な断面において左右側に配設されてもよい。なお、この場合、固形分排出開口は、固形分の排出効率を高める点から、散気管の中心軸を通る鉛直面に対して対称位置に配設されるのが好ましい。 The air diffuser does not necessarily have to be arranged so that the center of the solid content discharge opening substantially coincides with the vertical plane passing through the central axis. For example, the air diffuser may be arranged on the left and right sides in a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction. Good. In this case, it is preferable that the solid content discharge opening is disposed at a symmetric position with respect to a vertical plane passing through the central axis of the air diffuser from the viewpoint of increasing the solid content discharge efficiency.
　上記散気孔は、必ずしも円形である必要はなく、例えば楕円形、多角形等であってもよい。なお、円形以外である場合の平均径は、真円に換算した場合の平均径を意味する。また、複数の散気孔は必ずしも等間隔で配設される必要はなく、例えば一端から他端にかけて徐々にピッチが小さくなってもよく、逆に大きくなってもよく、ランダムであってもよい。 The air diffuser is not necessarily circular, and may be, for example, elliptical or polygonal. In addition, the average diameter in the case of other than a circle means the average diameter when converted into a perfect circle. Further, the plurality of air diffusion holes are not necessarily arranged at equal intervals. For example, the pitch may be gradually decreased from one end to the other end, conversely, may be increased, or may be random.
　上記散気孔の平均径は、必ずしも固形分排出開口の平均径よりも大きい必要はなく、例えば散気孔の平均径及び固形分排出開口の平均径は同一であってもよい。また、固形分排出開口の平均径が一定以上である限り、散気孔の平均径が固形分排出開口の平均径よりも大きくてもよい。 The average diameter of the air diffusion holes is not necessarily larger than the average diameter of the solid content discharge openings. For example, the average diameter of the air diffusion holes and the average diameter of the solid content discharge openings may be the same. In addition, as long as the average diameter of the solid content discharge opening is equal to or greater than a certain value, the average diameter of the air diffusion holes may be larger than the average diameter of the solid content discharge opening.
　上記固形分排出開口が孔からなる場合であっても、この固形分排出開口の形状は必ずしも円形である必要はなく、例えば楕円形、多角形等であってもよい。また、複数の固形分排出開口は必ずしも等間隔で配設される必要はなく、例えば一端から他端にかけて徐々にピッチが小さくなってもよく、逆に大きくなってもよく、ランダムであってもよい。 Even when the solid content discharge opening is formed of a hole, the shape of the solid content discharge opening is not necessarily circular, and may be, for example, an ellipse or a polygon. Further, the plurality of solid content discharge openings are not necessarily arranged at equal intervals, for example, the pitch may gradually decrease from one end to the other end, conversely increase or random. Good.
　当該散気管は、固形分排出開口がスリット状に形成される場合でも、このスリットは必ずしも散気管の一端から他端に亘って形成される必要はなく、例えば軸方向の両端部以外の部分にのみに形成されてもよい。当該散気管は、このように固形分排出開口が軸方向の両端部以外の部分に形成されることによって、強度を高めることができると共に、気体圧送装置等の他の部材との連結が容易になる。また、当該散気管は、必ずしも一のみの固形分排出開口を有する必要はなく、スリット状の固形分排出開口が軸方向に散点的に形成されてもよい。なお、この場合、固形分排出開口の長手方向が散気管の軸方向と平行とされるのが好ましい。 Even if the solid content discharge opening is formed in a slit shape, the slit does not necessarily need to be formed from one end of the air diffusion tube to the other end. It may be formed only. In this air diffuser, the solid content discharge opening is formed in a portion other than both end portions in the axial direction, so that the strength can be increased and the connection with other members such as a gas pumping device can be easily performed. Become. Further, the air diffuser does not necessarily need to have only one solid content discharge opening, and slit-shaped solid content discharge openings may be formed in a scattered manner in the axial direction. In this case, it is preferable that the longitudinal direction of the solid content discharge opening is parallel to the axial direction of the air diffuser.
　当該散気管は、複数の中空糸膜を有する濾過モジュールの洗浄用途の他、種々の水処理装置等に気体を供給するために用いることができる。 The diffuser tube can be used for supplying gas to various water treatment devices and the like in addition to the use for cleaning a filtration module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes.
　上記気体供給モジュールは、必ずしも上記第一実施形態の散気管１を有する必要はなく、例えば本明細書中に記載のいずれの散気管１１、２１、５１、６１、７１を有してもよい。 The gas supply module does not necessarily need to have the air diffuser 1 of the first embodiment, and may have any of the air diffusers 11, 21, 51, 61, 71 described in the present specification, for example.

Claims (8)

  1. 　上側に配設される散気孔と、
    　下側に配設される固形分排出開口と
    　を備える散気管。     Aeration holes disposed on the upper side;
    An air diffuser comprising a solid content discharge opening disposed on a lower side.
  2. 　複数の上記散気孔が軸方向に散点的に配設される請求項１に記載の散気管。 The air diffuser according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of air diffuser holes are arranged in a scattered manner in the axial direction.
  3. 　上記散気孔の中心が、中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致するよう配設される請求項１又は請求項２に記載の散気管。 The air diffuser according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the center of the air diffuser is disposed so as to substantially coincide with a vertical plane passing through the central axis.
  4. 　上記固形分排出開口の中心が、中心軸を通る鉛直面と略一致するよう配設される請求項１、請求項２又は請求項３に記載の散気管。 The air diffuser according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the center of the solid content discharge opening is disposed so as to substantially coincide with a vertical plane passing through the central axis.
  5. 　上記固形分排出開口が、中心軸と平行なスリット状に形成されている請求項１から請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の散気管。 The air diffuser according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the solid content discharge opening is formed in a slit shape parallel to the central axis.
  6. 　上記散気孔と固形分排出開口とが中心軸を通る水平面を基準に対向するよう配設される請求項１から請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の散気管。 The air diffuser according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the air diffuser and the solid content discharge opening are disposed so as to face each other with a horizontal plane passing through the central axis as a reference.
  7. 　上記散気孔と固形分排出開口とが軸方向に交互に配設される請求項１から請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の散気管。 The air diffusion tube according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the air diffusion holes and the solid content discharge openings are alternately arranged in the axial direction.
  8. 　複数本の中空糸膜を有する濾過モジュールと、この濾過モジュールの下方から気泡を供給する気体供給モジュールとを備える濾過ユニットであって、
    　上記気体供給モジュールが、気体圧送装置と、この気体圧送装置に一端が接続される請求項１から請求項７のいずれか１項に記載の散気管とを有する濾過ユニット。     A filtration unit comprising a filtration module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes and a gas supply module for supplying bubbles from below the filtration module,
    The said gas supply module is a filtration unit which has a gas pumping apparatus and the diffuser tube of any one of Claim 1 to 7 by which one end is connected to this gas pumping apparatus.
PCT/JP2016/057698 2015-04-02 2016-03-11 Diffuser tube and filtration unit WO2016158308A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017126349A1 (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 住友電気工業株式会社 Gas diffusion tube and filtration unit
JP2019188351A (en) * 2018-04-26 2019-10-31 住友電気工業株式会社 Diffuser pipe and intermittent bubble generating module

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52114564U (en) * 1975-09-26 1977-08-31
JP2012250169A (en) * 2011-06-02 2012-12-20 Meidensha Corp Air diffuser
JP2014000572A (en) * 2013-08-26 2014-01-09 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd Operation method of diffuser

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52114564U (en) * 1975-09-26 1977-08-31
JP2012250169A (en) * 2011-06-02 2012-12-20 Meidensha Corp Air diffuser
JP2014000572A (en) * 2013-08-26 2014-01-09 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd Operation method of diffuser

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017126349A1 (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 住友電気工業株式会社 Gas diffusion tube and filtration unit
JP2017127844A (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 住友電気工業株式会社 Diffuser pipe and filtration unit
JP2019188351A (en) * 2018-04-26 2019-10-31 住友電気工業株式会社 Diffuser pipe and intermittent bubble generating module

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