WO2016155287A1 - 一种静电式能量采集器及静电式能量采集方法 - Google Patents

一种静电式能量采集器及静电式能量采集方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016155287A1
WO2016155287A1 PCT/CN2015/092293 CN2015092293W WO2016155287A1 WO 2016155287 A1 WO2016155287 A1 WO 2016155287A1 CN 2015092293 W CN2015092293 W CN 2015092293W WO 2016155287 A1 WO2016155287 A1 WO 2016155287A1
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Prior art keywords
natural frequency
frequency
vibration
electret layer
load
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English (en)
French (fr)
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汪飞
张爱
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Southwest University of Science and Technology
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Southwest University of Science and Technology
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Priority to US15/562,746 priority Critical patent/US10790765B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/06—Influence generators
    • H02N1/08—Influence generators with conductive charge carrier, i.e. capacitor machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05F—STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
    • H05F7/00—Use of naturally-occurring electricity, e.g. lightning or static electricity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/06—Influence generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/06—Influence generators
    • H02N1/10—Influence generators with non-conductive charge carrier
    • H02N1/12—Influence generators with non-conductive charge carrier in the form of a conveyor belt, e.g. van de Graaff machine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of energy technologies, and in particular, to an electrostatic energy harvester and an electrostatic energy harvesting method.
  • vibration energy is a hot spot due to ubiquity and green energy.
  • electric energy is to collect the vibration energy matching the vibration frequency of the resonator through a linear resonator and convert it into electric energy.
  • the linear resonator only has high acquisition efficiency for the vibration energy of the accessory at the resonance frequency. Once the vibration frequency of the external environment deviates from the resonance frequency, the energy collection efficiency is low.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides an electrostatic energy harvester and an electrostatic energy harvesting method, which can effectively improve the energy collection efficiency of the vibration energy.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an electrostatic energy harvester, including:
  • a vibration table (101) fixedly coupled to the first end of the first beam (102) and the first end of the second beam (103); wherein the first beam (102) is The second beam (103) is parallel, and the first beam (102) coincides with the vertical projection of the second beam (103), and the first beam (102) and the second beam (103) are both conductor;
  • a first mass (104) is fixed on the first beam (102), and an electret layer (106) is coated on a side of the second beam (103) adjacent to the first beam (102).
  • a second mass (105) is fixed on a side of the second beam (103) facing away from the first beam (102); the electret layer (106) is an insulator;
  • first wire (107) connecting the first beam (102) and a first end of the load (109); a second wire (108) connecting the second beam (103) and the second of the load (109) end;
  • the electret layer (106) when the electret layer (106) is charged, a corresponding induced charge is induced on the first beam (102) and the second beam (103); the first beam (102) and The second beam (103) constitutes a parallel plate capacitor.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electrostatic energy harvesting method, where the method relates to:
  • a vibration table (101) fixedly coupled to the first end of the first beam (102) and the first end of the second beam (103); wherein the first beam (102) is The second beam (103) is parallel, and the first beam (102) coincides with the vertical projection of the second beam (103), and the first beam (102) and the second beam (103) are both conductor;
  • a first mass (104) is fixed on the first beam (102), and an electret layer (106) is coated on a side of the second beam (103) adjacent to the first beam (102).
  • a second mass (105) is fixed on a side of the second beam (103) facing away from the first beam (102); the electret layer (106) is an insulator;
  • first wire (107) connecting the first beam (102) and a first end of the load (109); a second wire (108) connecting the second beam (103) and the second of the load (109) end;
  • the electret layer (106) when the electret layer (106) is charged, a corresponding induced charge is induced on the first beam (102) and the second beam (103); the first beam (102) and The second beam (103) constitutes a parallel plate capacitor;
  • the method includes:
  • the first vibration system Measuring a natural frequency of the first vibration system to obtain a first natural frequency; the first vibration system comprising a first beam (102) and a first mass (104);
  • the first vibration system includes a second beam (103) and a second mass (105); wherein a ratio of the first calculated value to the second calculated value Less than 20%, the first calculated value is an absolute value of a difference between the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency, and the second calculated value is the first natural frequency and the second solid Have the sum of frequencies;
  • the root mean square power on the load (109) is calculated to obtain a correspondence between the root mean square power and the vibration frequency.
  • an electrostatic energy harvester and an electrostatic energy harvesting method includes: measuring a first natural frequency of the first vibration system and a second natural frequency of the second vibration system.
  • the first natural frequency of the first vibration system and the second natural frequency of the second system satisfy a ratio of the first calculated value to the second calculated value that is less than 20% (the first calculated value is the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency)
  • the absolute value of the difference, the second calculated value is the sum of the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency
  • the vibration vibration table when the vibration frequency of the vibration table is between the first measurement frequency and the second measurement frequency, the measurement load
  • the voltage of the first measurement frequency is less than the first natural frequency and less than the second natural frequency
  • the second measurement frequency is greater than the first natural frequency and greater than the second natural frequency
  • calculating the root mean square power of the load to obtain a root mean square Correspondence between power and vibration frequency.
  • the embodiment of the invention adopts two vibration systems, which can effectively widen the frequency bandwidth of the energy collection,
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an electrostatic energy harvesting method disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of another electrostatic energy harvesting method disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a simulation graph of a root mean square power variation with an applied frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a simulation graph of another rms power according to an embodiment of the present invention as a function of an applied frequency
  • FIG. 7 is a test curve diagram showing a variation of the root mean square power with an applied frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides an energy harvester and an energy harvesting method, which can effectively improve the energy collection efficiency of the vibration energy. The details are described below separately.
  • FIG. 1 is an electrostatic energy harvester disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the electrostatic energy harvester described in this embodiment includes:
  • a vibration table (101), the vibration table (101) fixedly connecting the first end of the first beam (102) and the first end of the second beam (103); wherein the first beam (102) and the second beam (103) Parallel, and the first beam (102) coincides with the vertical projection of the second beam (103), the first beam (102) and the second beam (103) are both conductors;
  • a first mass (104) is fixed on the first beam (102), and an electret layer (106) is coated on a side of the second beam (103) adjacent to the first beam (102).
  • the second beam (103) a second mass (105) is fixed on a side facing away from the first beam (102); the electret layer (106) is an insulator;
  • the first wire (107) connects the first beam (102) and the first end of the load (109); the second wire (108) connects the second beam (103) and the second end of the load (109);
  • the first induced beam is induced on the first beam (102) and the second beam (103); the first beam (102) is parallel to the second beam (103).
  • Plate capacitors when the electret layer (106) is charged, the first induced beam is induced on the first beam (102) and the second beam (103); the first beam (102) is parallel to the second beam (103). Plate capacitors.
  • the vibration table can be any device that can vibrate, and can be used to carry and fix the weight.
  • the connection between the vibration table and the first beam can be a groove connection, a thread connection, or a welding. Such as fixed connection.
  • the first beam includes a first end and a second end, the first end of the first beam is fixedly connected to the vibration table, the second beam includes a first end and a second end, and the first end of the second beam is fixedly connected to the vibration table.
  • the first beam is parallel to the second beam, and the materials of the first beam and the second beam are conductors, and the electric charge can be induced.
  • both the first beam and the second beam may be stainless steel sheets having a length of 50 mm, a width of 15 mm, and a thickness of 0.2 mm.
  • the fixing manner of the first beam and the first mass may be bonded by an adhesive, and the fixing manner of the second beam and the second mass may also be bonded by an adhesive, and the second beam is adjacent to one side of the first beam.
  • the electret layer is coated.
  • the first wire connects the first beam and the first end of the load; the second wire connects the second beam and the second end of the load, and the first wire and the second wire may be wires with excellent electrical conductivity such as copper wire or aluminum wire.
  • the material of the electret layer comprises an inorganic electret material or an organic electret material.
  • the material of the electret layer may be polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyimide (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), cycloolefins.
  • Organic electret materials such as copolymers (Cyclic Olefin Copolymer, COC), perfluororesin (CYTOP), polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE), and parylene, and may also be silicon-based silica ( An inorganic electret material such as Si-based SiO 2 ), silicon-based silicon nitride (Si-based Si 3 N 4 ), or silicon-based silicon dioxide/silicon nitride (Si-based SiO 2 /Si 3 N 4 ).
  • FIG. 2 is another electrostatic energy harvester disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first beam (102) and the second beam (103) each include an insulator (110), and the surface of the insulator is covered with a metal film (111). .
  • the insulator may be a silicon wafer, and the metal film may be any electrically conductive film such as iron, tungsten, molybdenum or alloys thereof.
  • the first beam and the second beam induce an induced charge through a metal film covered by the surface of the insulator.
  • the natural frequencies of the first beam and the second beam can be changed.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an electrostatic energy harvesting method disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure. As shown in FIG. 3, the electrostatic energy harvesting method described in this embodiment involves:
  • a vibration table (101), the vibration table (101) fixedly connecting the first end of the first beam (102) and the first end of the second beam (103); wherein the first beam (102) and the second beam (103) Parallel, and the first beam (102) coincides with the vertical projection of the second beam (103), the first beam (102) and the second beam (103) are both conductors;
  • a first mass (104) is fixed on the first beam (102), and an electret layer (106) is coated on a side of the second beam (103) adjacent to the first beam (102).
  • the second beam (103) a second mass (105) is fixed on a side facing away from the first beam (102); the electret layer (106) is an insulator;
  • the first wire (107) connects the first beam (102) and the first end of the load (109); the second wire (108) connects the second beam (103) and the second end of the load (109);
  • the first induced beam is induced on the first beam (102) and the second beam (103); the first beam (102) is parallel to the second beam (103).
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • S301 Charging the electret layer to induce a corresponding induced charge on both the first beam and the second beam.
  • charging the electret layer may be performed by corona charging, placing the electret layer under high pressure for a period of time, and charging the electret layer to make the first beam and the second beam
  • the corresponding induced charge is induced on the beam. For example, when the electret layer is charged, after the electret layer is placed under a high voltage of 7000V for five minutes, the surface potential of the electret layer reaches 350V, and a large amount of charge is stored on the electret layer.
  • the first beam and the second beam respectively generate corresponding induced charges due to charge induction effects.
  • the first vibration system includes a first beam and a first mass.
  • the first beam itself has a natural frequency
  • the first vibration system composed of the first beam and the first mass also has a natural frequency. Since the square of the natural frequency of the system is inversely proportional to the quality of the entire system, The natural frequency of the first vibration system is smaller than that of the first beam
  • the frequency the natural frequency of the first vibration system can be adjusted by changing the mass of the first mass.
  • the natural frequency of the first vibration system can be measured by frequency sweep. By measuring the amplitude of the first vibration system at different vibration frequencies, the vibration frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the first vibration system is determined as the inherent of the first vibration system. frequency.
  • the first vibration system includes a second beam and a second mass; wherein a ratio of the first calculated value to the second calculated value is less than 20%, first The calculated value is the absolute value of the difference between the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency, and the second calculated value is the sum of the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency.
  • the first calculated value is an absolute value of a difference between the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency
  • the second calculated value is a sum of the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency
  • the first calculated value and the second The ratio of calculated values is less than 20% to ensure that the energy harvester has a higher rms power output between the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency.
  • the comparison between the first calculated value and the second calculated value is large, the coupling effect between the first vibration system and the second vibration system is weakened, and the frequency range between the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency cannot be guaranteed. Outputs with higher rms power result in lower energy harvesting efficiency.
  • the vibration vibration table when the vibration frequency of the vibration table is between the first measurement frequency and the second measurement frequency, measuring the voltage on the load; wherein the first measurement frequency is smaller than the first natural frequency and smaller than the second natural frequency; The second measurement frequency is greater than the first natural frequency and greater than the second natural frequency.
  • the vibration direction is perpendicular to the extending direction of the first beam and the second beam, and the spacing between the plates of the parallel plate capacitor formed by the first beam and the second beam changes, thereby making the parallel plate
  • the charge on the two plates of the capacitor changes, and a current is generated on the load.
  • the two plates here may be two plates formed by the first beam and the second beam.
  • the voltage on the load can be measured in real time, and the root mean square power of the load is calculated.
  • U 1 , U 2 , U 3 ... U N are voltages at N different times.
  • the vibration frequency of the vibration table when the vibration frequency of the vibration table is between the first measurement frequency and the second measurement frequency, the voltage on the load is measured, and the root mean square power on the load can be calculated to obtain the root mean square power and the vibration frequency.
  • the vibration frequency corresponding to the root mean square power maximum when the vibration frequency of the vibration table is between the first measurement frequency and the second measurement frequency, the voltage on the load is measured, and the root mean square power on the load can be calculated to obtain the root mean square power and the vibration frequency.
  • the first beam and the second beam are 304 stainless steel sheets, 50 mm long, 15 mm wide, and 0.2 mm thick, the first beam and the second beam. Parallelly opposite, the first mass is fixed on the first beam, and the second mass is fixed on the second beam.
  • the mass of the first mass is 3.56 g, and the mass of the second mass is 0.78 g, which is first measured by frequency sweeping.
  • the first natural frequency of the vibration system is 22.2 Hz
  • the second natural frequency of the second vibration system is 26.8 Hz.
  • FIG. 7 is a test curve diagram of a root mean square power variation with an applied frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the abscissa is an applied frequency, the unit is Hertz (Hz), and the ordinate is a load.
  • the rms power in microwatts ( ⁇ W) Figure 7 includes the frequency up-conversion curve and the frequency down-conversion curve. It can be clearly seen from Fig. 7 that the rms power on the load is maintained at a high level between the applied frequencies between 22.2 Hz and 26.8 Hz.
  • the electrostatic energy harvester of the embodiment of the invention realizes high-efficiency energy collection in the frequency range from 22.2 Hz to 26.8 Hz from the frequency band of the applied frequency, and improves the electrostatic energy harvester.
  • the energy acquisition bandwidth is such that the energy harvesting efficiency of the electrostatic energy harvester can be improved.
  • FIG. 5 is a simulation curve of a root mean square power variation with an applied frequency disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the abscissa is an applied frequency in units of Hertz (Hz) and the ordinate is on the load.
  • the root mean square power, in watts (W) is calculated by MATLAB as the root mean square power of the load in the electrostatic energy harvester in the embodiment of the present invention from 18 Hz to 30 Hz.
  • the load is The rms power produces two peaks at 22.2 Hz and 26.8 Hz, and the rms power of the load maintains a high level between 22.2 Hz and 26.8 Hz.
  • Figure 6 is another embodiment of the present invention A simulation plot of rms power as a function of applied frequency.
  • the abscissa is the applied frequency in Hertz (Hz) and the ordinate is the rms power on the load in watts (W).
  • W watts
  • the energy harvester in the embodiment of the present invention includes a first vibration system and a second vibration system, and the frequency range of energy collection is wider, and the electrostatic energy collection includes only the first vibration system. Compared with the device, the energy collection efficiency of the embodiment of the invention is high.
  • the electret layer is charged to induce a corresponding induced charge on the first beam and the second beam; measuring the natural frequency of the first vibration system to obtain the first natural frequency; the first vibration The system includes a first beam and a first mass; measuring a natural frequency of the second vibration system to obtain a second natural frequency; the first vibration system includes a second beam and a second mass; wherein the first calculated value and the second calculated The ratio of values is less than 20%, the first calculated value is the absolute value of the difference between the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency, and the second calculated value is the sum of the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency; the vibration vibration table, when vibrating Measuring a voltage on the load when the vibration frequency of the stage is between the first measurement frequency and the second measurement frequency; wherein the first measurement frequency is smaller than the first natural frequency and smaller than the second natural frequency; the second measurement frequency is greater than the first inherent frequency The frequency is greater than the second natural frequency; the root mean square power on the load is calculated to obtain a correspondence between the root
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of another electrostatic energy harvesting method disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the electrostatic energy harvesting method described in this embodiment involves:
  • a vibration table (101), the vibration table (101) fixedly connecting the first end of the first beam (102) and the first end of the second beam (103); wherein the first beam (102) and the second beam (103) Parallel, and the first beam (102) coincides with the vertical projection of the second beam (103), the first beam (102) and the second beam (103) are both conductors;
  • a first mass (104) is fixed on the first beam (102), and an electret layer (106) is coated on a side of the second beam (103) adjacent to the first beam (102).
  • the second beam (103) a second mass (105) is fixed on a side facing away from the first beam (102); the electret layer (106) is an insulator;
  • the first wire (107) connects the first beam (102) and the first end of the load (109); the second wire (108) connects the second beam (103) and the second end of the load (109);
  • the first induced beam is induced on the first beam (102) and the second beam (103); the first beam (102) is parallel to the second beam (103).
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • S401 Charging the electret layer to induce a corresponding induced charge on both the first beam and the second beam.
  • the larger the surface voltage of the electret layer, the more the electric charge stored in the electret layer, and the preset voltage value can be set as needed.
  • the first vibration system includes a first beam and a first mass.
  • the first vibration system includes a second beam and a second mass; wherein a ratio of the first calculated value to the second calculated value is less than 20%, first The calculated value is the absolute value of the difference between the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency, and the second calculated value is the sum of the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency.
  • step S401 of the embodiment of the present invention reference may be made to the step S301 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and the step S403 to the step S406 may be referred to the step S302 to the step S305 of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the electret layer is charged to induce a corresponding induced charge on the first beam and the second beam; measuring the surface voltage of the electret layer; when the surface voltage of the electret layer When the preset voltage value is exceeded, the natural frequency of the first vibration system is measured to obtain a first natural frequency; the first vibration system includes a first beam and a first mass; and the natural frequency of the second vibration system is measured to obtain a second natural frequency.
  • the first vibration system includes a second beam and a second mass; wherein a ratio of the first calculated value to the second calculated value is less than 20%, and the first calculated value is an absolute difference between the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency
  • the second calculated value is the sum of the first natural frequency and the second natural frequency
  • the vibration vibration table measures the voltage on the load when the vibration frequency of the vibration table is between the first measurement frequency and the second measurement frequency;
  • the first measurement frequency is smaller than the first natural frequency and smaller than the second natural frequency;
  • the second measurement frequency is greater than the first natural frequency and greater than the second natural frequency; calculating the root mean square power of the load to obtain the root mean square power and the vibration frequency Correspondence.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种静电式能量采集器及静电式能量采集方法。该静电式能量采集器包括：振动台（101），振动台固定连接第一横梁（102）的第一端和第二横梁（103）的第一端，第一横梁与第二横梁平行，第一横梁与第二横梁的垂直投影重合，第一横梁和第二横梁均为导体，第一横梁上固定有第一质量块（104），第二横梁靠近第一横梁的一侧上涂覆驻极体层（106），第二横梁背离第一横梁的一侧上固定第二质量块（105），第一导线（107）连接第一横梁和负载（109）的第一端，第二导线（108）连接第二横梁和负载的第二端。该静电式能量采集器及静电式能量采集方法可以提高能量采集效率。

Description

一种静电式能量采集器及静电式能量采集方法 技术领域
本发明涉及能源技术领域，具体涉及一种静电式能量采集器及静电式能量采集方法。
背景技术
在自然环境中，存在太阳能、风能、热能、机械能等不同的能源，这些能源都可以转化为电能，其中，振动能由于无处不在并且为绿色能源而成为了关注的热点，目前将振动能转换为电能主要方式是：通过线性谐振器采集与谐振器振动频率匹配的振动能，将其转换为电能。但是线性谐振器仅仅对处于谐振频率附件的振动能的采集效率高，一旦外界环境的振动频率偏离谐振频率时，能量采集效率较低。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供种一种静电式能量采集器及静电式能量采集方法，可以有效提高振动能的能量采集效率。
本发明实施例提供一种静电式能量采集器，包括：
振动台(101)，所述振动台(101)固定连接第一横梁(102)的第一端和第二横梁(103)的第一端；其中，所述第一横梁(102)与所述第二横梁(103)平行，并且所述第一横梁(102)与所述第二横梁(103)的垂直投影重合，所述第一横梁(102)和所述第二横梁(103)均为导体；
所述第一横梁(102)上固定有第一质量块(104)，所述第二横梁(103)靠近所述第一横梁(102)的一侧上涂覆驻极体层(106)，所述第二横梁(103)背离所述第一横梁(102)的一侧上固定第二质量块(105)；所述驻极体层(106)为绝缘体；
第一导线(107)连接所述第一横梁(102)和负载(109)的第一端；第二导线(108)连接所述第二横梁(103)和所述负载(109)的第二端；
其中，所述驻极体层(106)被充电时，所述第一横梁(102)和所述第二横梁(103)上均感应出相应的感应电荷；所述第一横梁(102)与所述第二横梁(103)构成平行板电容器。
相应的，本发明实施例还提供一种静电式能量采集方法，所述方法涉及：
振动台(101)，所述振动台(101)固定连接第一横梁(102)的第一端和第二横梁(103)的第一端；其中，所述第一横梁(102)与所述第二横梁(103)平行，并且所述第一横梁(102)与所述第二横梁(103)的垂直投影重合，所述第一横梁(102)和所述第二横梁(103)均为导体；
所述第一横梁(102)上固定有第一质量块(104)，所述第二横梁(103)靠近所述第一横梁(102)的一侧上涂覆驻极体层(106)，所述第二横梁(103)背离所述第一横梁(102)的一侧上固定第二质量块(105)；所述驻极体层(106)为绝缘体；
第一导线(107)连接所述第一横梁(102)和负载(109)的第一端；第二导线(108)连接所述第二横梁(103)和所述负载(109)的第二端；
其中，所述驻极体层(106)被充电时，所述第一横梁(102)和所述第二横梁(103)上均感应出相应的感应电荷；所述第一横梁(102)与所述第二横梁(103)构成平行板电容器；
所述方法包括：
对所述驻极体层(106)进行充电，以使所述第一横梁(102)和所述第二横梁(103)上均感应出相应的感应电荷；
测量第一振动系统的固有频率，得到第一固有频率；所述第一振动系统包括第一横梁(102)和第一质量块(104)；
测量第二振动系统的固有频率，得到第二固有频率；所述第一振动系统包括第二横梁(103)和第二质量块(105)；其中，第一计算值与第二计算值之比小于20％，所述第一计算值为所述第一固有频率与所述第二固有频率之差的绝对值，所述第二计算值为所述第一固有频率与所述第二固 有频率之和；
振动所述振动台(101)，当所述振动台(101)的振动频率处于第一测量频率和第二测量频率之间时，测量所述负载(109)上的电压；其中，所述第一测量频率小于所述第一固有频率且小于所述第二固有频率；所述第二测量频率大于所述第一固有频率且大于所述第二固有频率；
计算所述负载(109)上的均方根功率，得到均方根功率与振动频率的对应关系。
本发明实施例中，提供一种静电式能量采集器及静电式能量采集方法，该静电式能量采集方法包括：测量第一振动系统第一固有频率和第二振动系统的第二固有频率，当第一振动系统的第一固有频率和第二系统的第二固有频率满足第一计算值与第二计算值之比小于20％时(第一计算值为第一固有频率与第二固有频率之差的绝对值，第二计算值为第一固有频率与第二固有频率之和)，振动振动台，当振动台的振动频率处于第一测量频率和第二测量频率之间时，测量负载上的电压；其中，第一测量频率小于第一固有频率且小于第二固有频率；第二测量频率大于第一固有频率且大于第二固有频率；计算负载上的均方根功率，得到均方根功率与振动频率的对应关系。本发明实施例采用两个振动系统，可以有效拓宽能量采集的频带宽度，从而可以提高振动能的能量采集效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例公开的一种静电式能量采集器；
图2是本发明实施例公开的另一种静电式能量采集器；
图3是本发明实施例公开的一种静电式能量采集方法的流程图；
图4是本发明实施例公开的另一种静电式能量采集方法的流程图；
图5是本发明实施例公开的一种均方根功率随外加频率变化的模拟曲线图；
图6是本发明实施例公开的另一种均方根功率随外加频率变化的模拟曲线图；
图7是本发明实施例公开的一种均方根功率随外加频率变化的测试曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供一种能量采集器及能量采集方法，可以有效提高振动能的能量采集效率。以下分别进行详细说明。
请参阅图1，图1是本发明实施例公开的一种静电式能量采集器。如图1所示，本实施例中所描述的静电式能量采集器，包括：
振动台(101)，振动台(101)固定连接第一横梁(102)的第一端和第二横梁(103)的第一端；其中，第一横梁(102)与第二横梁(103)平行，并且第一横梁(102)与第二横梁(103)的垂直投影重合，第一横梁(102)和第二横梁(103)均为导体；
第一横梁(102)上固定有第一质量块(104)，第二横梁(103)靠近第一横梁(102)的一侧上涂覆驻极体层(106)，第二横梁(103)背离第一横梁(102)的一侧上固定第二质量块(105)；驻极体层(106)为绝缘体；
第一导线(107)连接第一横梁(102)和负载(109)的第一端；第二导线(108)连接第二横梁(103)和负载(109)的第二端；
其中，驻极体层(106)被充电时，第一横梁(102)和第二横梁(103)上均感应出相应的感应电荷；第一横梁(102)与第二横梁(103)构成平行 板电容器。
本发明实施例中，振动台可以是任何可以振动的装置，可以用来承载和固定重物，振动台与第一横梁的连接方式可以是凹槽连接，也可以是螺纹连接，也可以是焊接等固定连接方式。第一横梁包括第一端和第二端，第一横梁的第一端与振动台固定连接，第二横梁包括第一端和第二端，第二横梁的第一端与振动台固定连接，第一横梁与第二横梁平行相对，第一横梁和第二横梁的材质均为导体，可以感应电荷。例如，第一横梁和第二横梁都可以为长50毫米，宽15毫米，厚0.2毫米的不锈钢片。第一横梁与第一质量块的固定方式可以通过粘合剂粘接，第二横梁与第二质量块的固定方式也可以通过粘合剂粘接，第二横梁靠近第一横梁的一侧上涂覆驻极体层。第一导线连接第一横梁和负载的第一端；第二导线连接第二横梁和负载的第二端，第一导线和第二导线可以为铜线、铝线等导电性能优异的导线。
可选的，驻极体层的材料包括无机驻极体材料或有机驻极体材料。
例如，驻极体层的材料可以是聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride，PVDF)、聚酰亚胺(Polyimide，PI)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene terephthalate，PET)、环烯烃类共聚物(Cyclic Olefin Copolymer，COC)、全氟树脂(CYTOP)、聚四氟乙烯(Polytetrafluoroethene，PTFE)、聚对二甲苯(Parylene)等有机驻极体材料，还可以是硅基二氧化硅(Si基SiO2)、硅基氮化硅(Si基Si3N4)、硅基二氧化硅/氮化硅(Si基SiO2/Si3N4)等无机驻极体材料。
请参阅图2，图2是本发明实施例公开的另一种静电式能量采集器。如图2所示，本实施例中所描述的静电式能量采集器中，第一横梁(102)和第二横梁(103)均包括绝缘体(110)，绝缘体表面覆盖一层金属薄膜(111)。
本发明实施例中，绝缘体可以是硅片，金属薄膜可以是铁、钨、钼及其合金等任何可以导电的薄膜。当驻极体层被充电时，第一横梁和第二横梁通过绝缘体表面覆盖的一层金属薄膜感应出感应电荷。当第一横梁和第二横梁采用不同的材质时，可以改变第一横梁和第二横梁的固有频率。
请参阅图3，图3是本发明实施例公开的一种静电式能量采集方法的流程 图。如图3所示，本实施例中所描述的静电式能量采集方法涉及：
振动台(101)，振动台(101)固定连接第一横梁(102)的第一端和第二横梁(103)的第一端；其中，第一横梁(102)与第二横梁(103)平行，并且第一横梁(102)与第二横梁(103)的垂直投影重合，第一横梁(102)和第二横梁(103)均为导体；
第一横梁(102)上固定有第一质量块(104)，第二横梁(103)靠近第一横梁(102)的一侧上涂覆驻极体层(106)，第二横梁(103)背离第一横梁(102)的一侧上固定第二质量块(105)；驻极体层(106)为绝缘体；
第一导线(107)连接第一横梁(102)和负载(109)的第一端；第二导线(108)连接第二横梁(103)和负载(109)的第二端；
其中，驻极体层(106)被充电时，第一横梁(102)和第二横梁(103)上均感应出相应的感应电荷；第一横梁(102)与第二横梁(103)构成平行板电容器；
该方法包括以下步骤：
S301，对驻极体层进行充电，以使第一横梁和第二横梁上均感应出相应的感应电荷。
本发明实施例中，对驻极体层进行充电可以通过电晕充电，将该驻极体层置于高压下一段时间，该驻极体层上带上电荷，以使第一横梁和第二横梁上均感应出相应的感应电荷。举例来说，对驻极体层进行充电时，将该驻极体层置于7000V的高压下五分钟后，驻极体层的表面电势达到350V，驻极体层上存储了大量的电荷，第一横梁和第二横梁由于电荷感应效应，分别产生相应的感应电荷。
S302，测量第一振动系统的固有频率，得到第一固有频率；第一振动系统包括第一横梁和第一质量块。
本发明实施例中，第一横梁本身有一个固有频率，第一横梁和第一质量块组成的第一振动系统也有一个固有频率，由于系统的固有频率的平方与整个系统的质量成反比例关系，第一振动系统的固有频率小于第一横梁的固有 频率，可以通过改变第一质量块的质量来调节第一振动系统的固有频率。第一振动系统的固有频率可以通过扫频测得，通过测量第一振动系统在不同振动频率下的振幅，将第一振动系统的振幅最大值所对应的振动频率确定为第一振动系统的固有频率。
S303，测量第二振动系统的固有频率，得到第二固有频率；第一振动系统包括第二横梁和第二质量块；其中，第一计算值与第二计算值之比小于20％，第一计算值为第一固有频率与第二固有频率之差的绝对值，第二计算值为第一固有频率与第二固有频率之和。
本发明实施例中，第一计算值为第一固有频率与第二固有频率之差的绝对值，第二计算值为第一固有频率与第二固有频率之和，第一计算值与第二计算值之比小于20％是为了保证在第一固有频率和第二固有频率之间，能量采集器有较高的均方根功率输出。当第一计算值与第二计算值之比较大时，会导致第一振动系统和第二振动系统的耦合效果变弱，无法保证在第一固有频率和第二固有频率之间频率范围内都有较高的均方根功率的输出，导致能量采集效率较低。
S304，振动振动台，当振动台的振动频率处于第一测量频率和第二测量频率之间时，测量负载上的电压；其中，第一测量频率小于第一固有频率且小于第二固有频率；第二测量频率大于第一固有频率且大于第二固有频率。
本发明实施例中，振动振动台时，振动方向垂直于第一横梁和第二横梁的延伸方向，第一横梁和第二横梁构成的平行板电容器的板间间距会发生变化，从而使得平行板电容器两极板上的电荷发生变化，负载上产生电流，这里的两极板可以是第一横梁和第二横梁构成的两极板。可以实时测量负载上的电压，计算出负载上的均方根功率，均方根功率p＝U2 rms.(R+r)/R，其中，P为均方根功率(单位为瓦，W)，R为外加负载(单位为欧姆，Ω)，r为测试仪器内阻(单位为欧姆，Ω)，Urms为外加负载上的电压有效值(单位为伏特，V)，有效电压值Urms可以通过检测N个不同时刻的电压的均方根值求得，其中：
Figure PCTCN2015092293-appb-000001
U1、U2、U3...UN为N个不同时刻的电压。
S305，计算负载上的均方根功率，得到均方根功率与振动频率的对应关系。
本发明实施例中，当振动台的振动频率处于第一测量频率和第二测量频率之间时，测量负载上的电压，可以计算负载上的均方根功率，得到均方根功率与振动频率的对应关系，可以根据均方根功率与振动频率的对应关系，找到均方根功率最大值对应的振动频率。
本发明实施例中，举例来说，请参阅图1，优选的，第一横梁和第二横梁均为304不锈钢片，长50毫米，宽15毫米，厚0.2毫米，第一横梁与第二横梁平行相对，第一横梁上固定第一质量块，第二横梁上固定第二质量块，第一质量块的质量为3.56克，第二质量块的质量为0.78克，通过扫频测得第一振动系统的第一固有频率为22.2Hz，第二振动系统的第二固有频率为26.8Hz。如图7所示，图7是本发明实施例公开的一种均方根功率随外加频率变化的测试曲线图，图中横坐标为外加频率，单位为赫兹(Hz)，纵坐标为负载上的均方根功率，单位为微瓦(μW)，图7包括频率升频曲线和频率降频曲线。从图7中可以明显的看出，负载上的均方根功率在外加频率处于22.2Hz到26.8Hz之间均维持在较高的水平。通过两个振动系统的相互耦合，本发明实施例的静电式能量采集器实现了从外加频率的频带从22.2Hz到26.8Hz频率范围内的高效率的能量采集，提高了静电式能量采集器的能量采集频带宽度，从而可以提高静电式能量采集器的能量采集效率。
如图5所示，图5是本发明实施例公开的一种均方根功率随外加频率变化的模拟曲线，图中横坐标为外加频率，单位为赫兹(Hz)，纵坐标为负载上的均方根功率，单位为瓦(W)，通过MATLAB计算本发明实施例中的静电式能量采集器中的负载从18Hz到30Hz之间的均方根功率，从图5可以看出，负载的均方根功率在22.2Hz和26.8Hz处产生了两个波峰，且负载的均方根功率在22.2Hz到26.8Hz之间保持一个较高的水准。图6是本发明实施例公开的另 一种均方根功率随外加频率变化的模拟曲线图，图中横坐标为外加频率，单位为赫兹(Hz)，纵坐标为负载上的均方根功率，单位为瓦(W)，通过MATLAB计算仅包含第一振动系统的静电式能量采集器中的负载从18Hz到30Hz之间的均方根功率，从图6可以看出，负载的均方根功率的峰值对应的振动频率为22.2Hz。结合图5和图6可以看出，本发明实施例中的能量采集器包括第一振动系统和第二振动系统，能量采集的频率范围较宽，与仅包含第一振动系统的静电式能量采集器相比，本发明实施例的能量采集效率较高。
本发明实施例中，对驻极体层进行充电，以使第一横梁和第二横梁上均感应出相应的感应电荷；测量第一振动系统的固有频率，得到第一固有频率；第一振动系统包括第一横梁和第一质量块；测量第二振动系统的固有频率，得到第二固有频率；第一振动系统包括第二横梁和第二质量块；其中，第一计算值与第二计算值之比小于20％，第一计算值为第一固有频率与第二固有频率之差的绝对值，第二计算值为第一固有频率与第二固有频率之和；振动振动台，当振动台的振动频率处于第一测量频率和第二测量频率之间时，测量负载上的电压；其中，第一测量频率小于第一固有频率且小于第二固有频率；第二测量频率大于第一固有频率且大于第二固有频率；计算负载上的均方根功率，得到均方根功率与振动频率的对应关系。采用本发明，可以拓宽静电式能量采集器的频带宽度，从而可以提高振动能的能量采集效率。
请参阅图4，图4是本发明实施例公开的另一种静电式能量采集方法的流程图。如图4所示，本实施例中所描述的静电式能量采集方法涉及：
振动台(101)，振动台(101)固定连接第一横梁(102)的第一端和第二横梁(103)的第一端；其中，第一横梁(102)与第二横梁(103)平行，并且第一横梁(102)与第二横梁(103)的垂直投影重合，第一横梁(102)和第二横梁(103)均为导体；
第一横梁(102)上固定有第一质量块(104)，第二横梁(103)靠近第一横梁(102)的一侧上涂覆驻极体层(106)，第二横梁(103)背离第一横梁(102)的一侧上固定第二质量块(105)；驻极体层(106)为绝缘体；
第一导线(107)连接第一横梁(102)和负载(109)的第一端；第二导线(108)连接第二横梁(103)和负载(109)的第二端；
其中，驻极体层(106)被充电时，第一横梁(102)和第二横梁(103)上均感应出相应的感应电荷；第一横梁(102)与第二横梁(103)构成平行板电容器；
该方法包括以下步骤：
S401，对驻极体层进行充电，以使第一横梁和第二横梁上均感应出相应的感应电荷。
S402，测量驻极体层的表面电压，当驻极体层的表面电压超过预设电压值时，执行步骤S403-步骤S406。
本发明实施例中，驻极体层的表面电压越大，驻极体层所存储的电荷越多，预设电压值可以根据需要进行设置。
S403，测量第一振动系统的固有频率，得到第一固有频率；第一振动系统包括第一横梁和第一质量块。
S404，测量第二振动系统的固有频率，得到第二固有频率；第一振动系统包括第二横梁和第二质量块；其中，第一计算值与第二计算值之比小于20％，第一计算值为第一固有频率与第二固有频率之差的绝对值，第二计算值为第一固有频率与第二固有频率之和。
S405，当振动台的振动频率处于第一测量频率和第二测量频率之间时，测量负载上的电压；其中，第一测量频率小于第一固有频率且小于第二固有频率；第二测量频率大于第一固有频率且大于第二固有频率。
S406，计算负载上的均方根功率，得到均方根功率与振动频率的对应关系。
本发明实施例的步骤S401可参见图3所示实施例的步骤S301，步骤S403-步骤S406可参见图3所示实施例的步骤S302-步骤S305，本发明实施例不再赘述。
本发明实施例中，对驻极体层进行充电，以使第一横梁和第二横梁上均感应出相应的感应电荷；测量驻极体层的表面电压；当驻极体层的表面电压 超过预设电压值时，测量第一振动系统的固有频率，得到第一固有频率；第一振动系统包括第一横梁和第一质量块；测量第二振动系统的固有频率，得到第二固有频率；第一振动系统包括第二横梁和第二质量块；其中，第一计算值与第二计算值之比小于20％，第一计算值为第一固有频率与第二固有频率之差的绝对值，第二计算值为第一固有频率与第二固有频率之和；振动振动台，当振动台的振动频率处于第一测量频率和第二测量频率之间时，测量负载上的电压；其中，第一测量频率小于第一固有频率且小于第二固有频率；第二测量频率大于第一固有频率且大于第二固有频率；计算负载上的均方根功率，得到均方根功率与振动频率的对应关系。采用本发明，可以拓宽静电式能量采集器的频带宽度，从而可以提高振动能的能量采集效率。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的一种静电式能量采集器及静电式能量采集方法进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种静电式能量采集器，其特征在于，包括：
    振动台(101)，所述振动台(101)固定连接第一横梁(102)的第一端和第二横梁(103)的第一端；其中，所述第一横梁(102)与所述第二横梁(103)平行，并且所述第一横梁(102)与所述第二横梁(103)的垂直投影重合，所述第一横梁(102)和所述第二横梁(103)均为导体；
    所述第一横梁(102)上固定有第一质量块(104)，所述第二横梁(103)靠近所述第一横梁(102)的一侧上涂覆驻极体层(106)，所述第二横梁(103)背离所述第一横梁(102)的一侧上固定第二质量块(105)；所述驻极体层(106)为绝缘体；
    第一导线(107)连接所述第一横梁(102)和负载(109)的第一端；第二导线(108)连接所述第二横梁(103)和所述负载(109)的第二端；
    其中，所述驻极体层(106)被充电时，所述第一横梁(102)和所述第二横梁(103)上均感应出相应的感应电荷；所述第一横梁(102)与所述第二横梁(103)构成平行板电容器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的静电式能量采集器，其特征在于，所述第一横梁(102)和所述第二横梁(103)均包括绝缘体(110)，所述绝缘体表面覆盖一层金属薄膜(111)。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的静电式能量采集器，其特征在于，所述驻极体层(106)的材料包括无机驻极体材料或有机驻极体材料。
  4. 一种静电式能量采集方法，其特征在于，所述方法涉及：
    振动台(101)，所述振动台(101)固定连接第一横梁(102)的第一 端和第二横梁(103)的第一端；其中，所述第一横梁(102)与所述第二横梁(103)平行，并且所述第一横梁(102)与所述第二横梁(103)的垂直投影重合，所述第一横梁(102)和所述第二横梁(103)均为导体；
    所述第一横梁(102)上固定有第一质量块(104)，所述第二横梁(103)靠近所述第一横梁(102)的一侧上涂覆驻极体层(106)，所述第二横梁(103)背离所述第一横梁(102)的一侧上固定第二质量块(105)；所述驻极体层(106)为绝缘体；
    第一导线(107)连接所述第一横梁(102)和负载(109)的第一端；第二导线(108)连接所述第二横梁(103)和所述负载(109)的第二端；
    其中，所述驻极体层(106)被充电时，所述第一横梁(102)和所述第二横梁(103)上均感应出相应的感应电荷；所述第一横梁(102)与所述第二横梁(103)构成平行板电容器；
    所述方法包括：
    对所述驻极体层(106)进行充电，以使所述第一横梁(102)和所述第二横梁(103)上均感应出相应的感应电荷；
    测量第一振动系统的固有频率，得到第一固有频率；所述第一振动系统包括第一横梁(102)和第一质量块(104)；
    测量第二振动系统的固有频率，得到第二固有频率；所述第一振动系统包括第二横梁(103)和第二质量块(105)；其中，第一计算值与第二计算值之比小于20％，所述第一计算值为所述第一固有频率与所述第二固有频率之差的绝对值，所述第二计算值为所述第一固有频率与所述第二固有频率之和；
    振动所述振动台(101)，当所述振动台(101)的振动频率处于第一测量频率和第二测量频率之间时，测量所述负载(109)上的电压；其中，所述第一测量频率小于所述第一固有频率且小于所述第二固有频率；所述第二测量频率大于所述第一固有频率且大于所述第二固有频率；
    计算所述负载(109)上的均方根功率，得到均方根功率与振动频率的对应关系。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对驻极体层(106)进行充电，以使所述第一横梁(102)和所述第二横梁(103)上均感应出相应的感应电荷之后，所述方法还包括：
    测量所述驻极体层(106)的表面电压，当所述驻极体层(106)的表面电压超过预设电压值时，执行所述测量第一振动系统的固有频率的步骤。
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