WO2016152399A1 - Réfrigérateur à absorption et déshumidificateur - Google Patents

Réfrigérateur à absorption et déshumidificateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016152399A1
WO2016152399A1 PCT/JP2016/056142 JP2016056142W WO2016152399A1 WO 2016152399 A1 WO2016152399 A1 WO 2016152399A1 JP 2016056142 W JP2016056142 W JP 2016056142W WO 2016152399 A1 WO2016152399 A1 WO 2016152399A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
water
ionic liquid
absorption refrigerator
regenerator
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Application number
PCT/JP2016/056142
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
秋澤　淳
大野　弘幸
Original Assignee
国立大学法人東京農工大学
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Priority to JP2017508134A priority Critical patent/JP6655063B2/ja
Publication of WO2016152399A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016152399A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an absorption refrigerator and a dehumidifier.
  • the ionic liquid and water are separated by heating a mixture of water and ionic liquid to turn the water into water vapor.
  • sensible heat heating such latent heat heating requires a temperature higher than the boiling point of the absorbing solution and a large amount of heat, so that there is a problem that energy efficiency is poor.
  • the absorption refrigerator in the first aspect of the present invention includes a mixer that mixes an ionic liquid whose compatibility with the refrigerant changes with temperature and the refrigerant, the refrigerant mixed in the mixer, and the ionic liquid.
  • the mixture is heated so that the ionic liquid and the refrigerant are separated from each other by the specific gravity difference between the ionic liquid and the refrigerant, and the refrigerant separated by the regenerator is vaporized to reduce the cold energy.
  • An absorption refrigerator comprising an evaporator to be generated.
  • the dehumidifier according to the second aspect of the present invention absorbs water contained in the air by allowing the ionic liquid whose compatibility with water changes with temperature to absorb the water, and absorbs the water. And a regenerator that heats the ionic liquid and separates the ionic liquid and the water in a liquid state by a difference in specific gravity between the ionic liquid and the water.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an absorption refrigerator 10.
  • the mixing state and separation state of an ionic liquid and water are shown. It is the table
  • the specific example of the cation of an ionic liquid is shown.
  • the specific example of the anion of an ionic liquid is shown.
  • 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a separator 44.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a first state of a separator 200.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a second state of the separator 200.
  • FIG. The mixed state and phase-separated state of other ionic liquids with specific gravity smaller than water and water are shown.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a separator 300.
  • FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the dehumidifier 400.
  • FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the absorption refrigerator 500. It is a schematic diagram which shows the absorption refrigerator 550.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an absorption refrigerator 10.
  • the absorption refrigerator 10 includes an evaporator 20, an absorber 30 as an example of a mixer, a regenerator 40, and a cooler 50.
  • the refrigerant is vaporized in the evaporator 20 to generate cold heat.
  • the vaporized refrigerant is absorbed by the absorbent by the absorber 30.
  • the refrigerant that has absorbed the refrigerant is separated from the refrigerant and the absorbent in the regenerator 40.
  • the absorbent from which the refrigerant has been separated is cooled by the cooler 50 and then transported to the absorber 30 to absorb the vaporized refrigerant again.
  • the refrigerant separated from the absorbent is also cooled by the cooler 50 and then conveyed to the evaporator 20. Again, the refrigerant is vaporized in the evaporator 20 to generate cold.
  • the absorption refrigerator 10 continuously generates cold by repeating the above cycle.
  • water is used as the refrigerant used in the absorption refrigerator 10.
  • an ionic liquid is used as an absorbent.
  • the ionic liquid is a salt in a liquid state at a temperature of 100 ° C. or lower, and in the present embodiment, an ionic liquid whose compatibility with water as a refrigerant changes depending on the temperature is used.
  • the ionic liquid may be referred to as IL.
  • FIG. 2 shows a mixed state and separated state of IL and water.
  • the state of the mixed solution 100 in which IL and water are compatible at a temperature lower than the transition temperature Tc. It becomes.
  • the compatibility between IL and water decreases, and the liquid is separated into a lower layer composed of the IL layer 104 and an upper layer composed of the aqueous layer 102 while remaining in a liquid state. It will be in the state.
  • the separation between the IL layer 104 and the water layer 102 may not be complete separation, and the IL layer 104 may contain a slight amount of water, or the water layer 102 may contain a slight amount of IL.
  • FIG. 3 is a table showing the types of IL and the transition temperature Tc. As shown in FIG. 3, the transition temperatures Tc of these ILs are all lower than the boiling point of water.
  • FIG. 4 shows a specific example of the cation of IL
  • FIG. 5 shows a specific example of the anion of IL.
  • IL can adjust the transition temperature Tc at which the compatibility with water changes as shown in FIG. 3 by recombining the cation shown in FIG. 4 and the anion shown in FIG.
  • [P 4444 ] [TsO] having a transition temperature Tc of 50 ° C. is used as IL.
  • the evaporator 20 generates cold by vaporizing water.
  • the evaporator 20 includes a vaporization unit 22 that vaporizes water and a collection unit 24 that collects IL contained in the water.
  • the evaporator 20 is connected to the regenerator 40 via the expansion valve 60, whereby the evaporator 20 is adjusted to a predetermined internal pressure that is lower than the internal pressure of the regenerator 40.
  • the regenerator 40 Due to the internal pressure difference between the regenerator 40 and the evaporator 20, water as a refrigerant is conveyed from the regenerator 40 to the evaporator 20 through the expansion valve 60. In the evaporator 20, water is ejected toward the vaporization unit 22. The ejected water takes the heat from the vaporizing section 22 and vaporizes. Further, the vaporizing unit 22 cools the object 80 by taking heat away from the object 80 passing through the vaporizing unit 22. In this way, the evaporator 20 outputs the cooled object 80.
  • the object 80 may be air, water, antifreeze (brine), or the like.
  • the input temperature of the object 80 is detected by the thermometer 26, and the output temperature is detected by the thermometer 28. Based on the detected temperature, the amount of water supplied to the evaporator 20 is controlled. For example, when the object 80 is cooled and the input temperature of the object 80 is higher than a preset temperature, the amount of water supplied to the evaporator 20 is increased. On the other hand, when the input temperature of the object 80 is lower than a preset temperature, the amount of water supplied to the evaporator 20 is reduced. Note that the amount of water supplied to the evaporator 20 may be similarly controlled by the output temperature.
  • the recovery unit 24 recovers the water containing IL transported to the evaporator 20.
  • the collecting unit 24 sends the water containing a predetermined amount of IL to the absorber 30 to create an equilibrium state.
  • the recovery unit 24 may transport the recovered water containing IL to the absorber 30 using a liquid pump.
  • the absorber 30 absorbs vaporized water in IL.
  • the absorber 30 is provided connected to the evaporator 20. Since the evaporator 20 and the absorber 30 are connected, the internal pressures of the evaporator 20 and the absorber 30 are substantially equal. By cooling the IL that has absorbed water with the cooling water 82, the internal pressure of the absorber 30 is lowered. Due to the decrease in the internal pressure, an internal pressure difference is generated between the evaporator 20 and the absorber 30. Due to this internal pressure difference, the vaporized water is transported from the evaporator 20 to the absorber 30.
  • the absorber 30 is connected to the regenerator 40 via an expansion valve 62. Since the internal pressure of the absorber 30 is lower than the internal pressure of the regenerator 40, IL as an absorbent is conveyed from the regenerator 40 to the absorber 30 through the expansion valve 62.
  • the absorber 30 When the absorber 30 absorbs the water vaporized by the IL, the temperature of the IL rises due to the absorption heat of the water. The absorber 30 cools IL using the cooling water 82. Thereby, IL is cooled and water absorption is promoted. The IL that has absorbed water in this way is transported to the regenerator 40 by the liquid pump 70.
  • the regenerator 40 includes a heater 42 and a separator 44.
  • the heater 42 heats the IL that has absorbed the water using the external fluid 84, and separates the IL and the water by the specific gravity difference between the IL and the water while being in a liquid state.
  • IL [P 4444 ] [TsO] used in the present embodiment has a transition temperature Tc of 50 ° C. Since the heater 42 only needs to be able to heat to a temperature higher than 50 ° C., which is the transition temperature Tc, in the present embodiment, for example, a heat source having a temperature higher than 50 ° C. and 60 ° C. or lower is used. Heating. Note that by using IL with a low transition temperature Tc, the heater 42 can use a lower temperature heat source. As a result, the absorption refrigerator 10 can output the cold using the low-temperature exhaust heat that has been discarded because it has not been used so far.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the separator 44.
  • the separator 44 takes out IL and water separated by the heater 42 separately.
  • the separator 44 includes a container 110, a sensor 112, one supply valve 114, and two discharge valves 116 and 118.
  • the container 110 is a hollow container and stores a mixed liquid separated into IL and water.
  • the supply pipe 120 connected to the heater 42 is connected to the upper surface of the container 110 via the supply valve 114.
  • the discharge pipe 122 is connected to a predetermined height on the side surface of the container 110 via the discharge valve 116.
  • the discharge pipe 124 is connected to the lower surface of the container 110 via a discharge valve 118.
  • the predetermined height of the side surface of the container 110 is, for example, a height that is 6/10 with respect to the height of the container 110 when the interface between IL and water is located at the center of the container 110. That's it.
  • the discharge valve 116 By connecting the discharge valve 116 to a height that is 6/10 with respect to the height of the container 110, even after the discharge valve 116 is released and water is taken out, the height of the container 110 is reduced to 1 /. Ten heights of water are left in the container 110.
  • the amount of water containing the IL transported from the recovery unit 24 to the absorber 30 increases.
  • the amount of IL conveyed to the evaporator 20 can be reduced. it can. Thereby, the quantity of the water containing IL conveyed from the collection
  • the supply valve 114 When the supply valve 114 is opened while the container 110 is empty, the mixed liquid separated into IL and water is supplied from the upper surface of the container 110. The mixed liquid of IL and water is supplied until the sensor 112 detects the liquid level. When the sensor 112 detects the liquid level, the sensor 112 closes the supply valve 114 and stops the supply of the mixed liquid of IL and water.
  • the predetermined time is, for example, 5 minutes.
  • the predetermined time may be a time required for separation of the liquid mixture of IL and water measured in advance, and may be a time obtained by multiplying the time by a predetermined safety factor. .
  • the extracted water is cooled by the cooler 50 and conveyed to the evaporator 20.
  • the discharge valve 116 is closed after a predetermined time has elapsed.
  • the predetermined time may be a time required for the water in the container 110 measured in advance to be discharged through the discharge valve 116, and a predetermined safety factor is set for the time. The multiplied time may be used.
  • the discharge valve 118 is opened, and IL and water are taken out. The extracted IL and water are cooled by the cooler 50 and conveyed to the absorber 30.
  • the cooler 50 cools the IL and water taken out by the separator 44.
  • the cooler 50 cools IL and water passing through the cooler 50 by circulating the coolant 86.
  • the water cooled by the cooler 50 is supplied to the evaporator 20 through the expansion valve 60.
  • the evaporator 20 vaporizes the supplied water again and generates cold.
  • the IL cooled by the cooler 50 is supplied to the absorber 30 through the expansion valve 62. Then, the absorber 30 again absorbs the vaporized water using the supplied IL.
  • the absorption refrigerator 10 in the present embodiment continuously generates cold by repeatedly executing the processing described above in the evaporator 20, the absorber 30, the regenerator 40, and the cooler 50.
  • the absorption refrigerator 10 of the present embodiment uses IL whose compatibility with water as a refrigerant changes at 50 ° C. as an absorbent. Therefore, IL and water can be separated by the difference in specific gravity between IL and water only by sensible heat heating the mixture of IL and water to 50 ° C. or higher.
  • the energy efficiency of the absorption refrigerator 10 can be improved greatly.
  • the COP (coefficient of performance) of the absorption refrigerator 10 in the present embodiment will be described.
  • the transition temperature Tc of IL as an absorbent is 55 ° C., heated from 35 ° C. to 60 ° C. in the heater 42, and 1 from a mixture of IL and water containing 60% by weight of water.
  • the COP was calculated as / 10 water was separated, and the COP was 1.5.
  • the energy efficiency of the absorption refrigerator 10 in this embodiment is the conventional efficiency. Great improvement over absorption refrigerators.
  • the drain valve 116 is opened and upper water is taken out after a predetermined time has elapsed since the supply valve 114 was closed.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a light emitting element and a light receiving element are provided at a height of 6/10 with respect to the container 110, and it is detected whether IL and water are separated based on the amount of light received by the light receiving element. Also good.
  • the transparency of the water layer 102 is higher than the transparency in a state where IL and water are compatible. Therefore, a threshold may be provided for the amount of light received by the light receiving element, and the discharge valve 116 may be released on condition that the amount of light received by the light receiving element exceeds the threshold.
  • the heater 42 has shown an example in which the IL that has absorbed water is heated using the external fluid 84 to separate the IL from the water.
  • the fluid 84 may be used to heat the container 110 of the separator 44. By heating the container 110, the separation state of IL and water in the container 110 can be maintained, so that the separation ability of IL and water in the separator 44 is improved.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the absorption refrigerator 150.
  • the absorption refrigerator 150 illustrated in FIG. 7 further includes a heat exchanger 152.
  • the heat exchanger 152 performs heat exchange between the IL containing water transported from the absorber 30, which is an example of a mixer, and the IL transported from the separator 44.
  • the temperature of the IL containing water conveyed from the absorber 30 is lower than the temperature of the IL conveyed from the separator 44.
  • the heat exchanger 152 recovers the heat of the IL conveyed from the separator 44 having a relatively high temperature, and heats the IL containing water conveyed from the absorber 30. Thereby, the heating in the heater 42 can be reduced.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a first state of the separator 200.
  • the black valve indicates a closed valve
  • the white valve indicates an open valve.
  • Separator 200 includes a plurality of separators 44 connected in parallel. Then, the liquid mixture of IL and water is supplied in turn while switching the plurality of separators 44, and after a predetermined time has passed since the supply, the IL and water are separated. Are taken out separately.
  • the separator 200 includes four containers 202, 204, 206, 208, four supply valves 210, 212, 214, 216, four sensors 112, and eight discharge valves 220, 222, 224, 226, 230, 232, 234, 236, one supply pipe 240, and two discharge pipes 242, 244.
  • the supply pipe 240 connected to the heater 42 is branched into four for the purpose of connecting to the four containers 202, 204, 206, 208.
  • One of the branched supply pipes 240 is connected to the upper surface of the container 202 via a supply valve 210.
  • one of the other branched supply pipes is connected to the top surface of the container 204 via a supply valve 212.
  • One of the other branched supply pipes is connected to the top surface of the container 206 via a supply valve 214, and one of the other branched supply pipes is connected to the container 208 via a supply valve 216. Connected to the top of the.
  • the discharge pipe 242 is branched into four for the purpose of connecting to the four containers 202, 204, 206, 208.
  • One of the branched discharge pipes 242 is connected to a predetermined height on the side surface of the container 202 via a discharge valve 220.
  • one of the other branched discharge pipes 242 is connected to a predetermined height on the side of the container 204 via a discharge valve 222.
  • One of the other branched discharge pipes 242 is connected to a predetermined height on the side of the container 206 via a discharge valve 224, and one of the other branched discharge pipes 242 is It is connected to a predetermined height on the side surface of the container 208 via a discharge valve 226.
  • the predetermined height is the same as the predetermined height in the separator 44, a duplicate description is omitted.
  • the discharge pipe 244 is branched into four for the purpose of connecting to the four containers 202, 204, 206, 208.
  • One of the branched discharge pipes 244 is connected to the lower surface of the container 202 via a discharge valve 230.
  • one of the other branched discharge pipes 242 is connected to the lower surface of the container 204 via a discharge valve 232.
  • One of the other branched discharge pipes 242 is connected to a predetermined height on the side of the container 206 via a discharge valve 234, and one of the other branched supply pipes is connected to the discharge pipe 242. It is connected to the lower surface of the container 208 via a valve 236.
  • the discharge valve 220 is opened, and water is taken out from the container 202. Further, in the container 204, the discharge valve 232 is opened, and IL and a small amount of water are taken out from the container 204. In the container 206, the supply valve 214 is opened, and the mixed liquid separated into IL and water is supplied to the container 206. Further, the container 208 is left in a state where it is filled with the mixed liquid separated into water and IL, and the IL and water are separated.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a second state of the separator 200.
  • the discharge valve 220 is closed and the discharge valve 230 is opened, so that IL and a small amount of water are taken out from the container 202.
  • the discharge valve 232 is closed and the supply valve 212 is opened, and the mixed liquid separated into IL and water is supplied to the container 204.
  • the container 206 the container 206 is left in a state filled with the mixed liquid separated into IL and water, and the IL and water are separated.
  • the discharge valve 226 is opened, and water is taken out from the container 208.
  • a step in which a mixed solution separated into IL and water is supplied a step in which the mixture is left separated in a state filled with a mixed solution of IL and water, a step in which water is taken out,
  • the process of removing the IL and some amount of water is performed in turn in each of the four containers 202, 204, 206, 208.
  • deviated 1 in each container is performed in the same time so that each process may be performed simultaneously with four containers 202,204,206,208.
  • the mixed liquid separated into IL and water can be continuously supplied from the heater 42 to the separator 200.
  • water can be continuously supplied from the separator 200 to the evaporator 20, and IL can be continuously supplied from the separator 200 to the absorber 30.
  • FIG. 10 shows a mixed state and phase separation state of other IL and water having a specific gravity smaller than that of water.
  • the IL shown in FIG. 10 is in the state of a mixed solution 100 in which IL and water are compatible at a temperature lower than the transition temperature Tc.
  • the compatibility between IL and water decreases, and the upper layer composed of the IL layer 104 and the lower layer composed of the aqueous layer 102 are separated.
  • the IL layer 104 is the upper layer and the water layer 102 is the lower layer, unlike the example shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a table showing other IL types having a specific gravity smaller than that of water and the transition temperature Tc.
  • FIG. 12 shows specific examples of other IL cations
  • FIG. 13 shows specific examples of other IL anions.
  • IL contains the cation shown in FIG. 12 and the anion shown in FIG. 13, and the specific gravity of the IL is smaller than that of water as a refrigerant.
  • [P 6668 ] [EtOHPO 2 ] can be used as such an IL.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the separator 300.
  • elements common to those in FIG. The separator 300 corresponds to IL having a specific gravity smaller than that of water as a refrigerant as an absorbent.
  • the separator 300 includes four containers 302, 304, 306, 308, four supply valves 210, 212, 214, 216, four sensors 112, four sensors 310, and eight discharge valves 220, 222, 224, 226, 230, 232, 234, 236, one supply pipe 240, and two discharge pipes 244, 320.
  • the discharge pipe 320 is branched into four for the purpose of connecting to the four containers 302, 304, 306, 308.
  • One of the branched discharge pipes 320 is connected to the lower surface of the container 302 via a discharge valve 220.
  • one of the other branched discharge pipes 320 is connected to the lower surface of the container 304 via a discharge valve 222.
  • one of the other branched discharge pipes 320 is connected to the lower surface of the container 306 via the discharge valve 224, and one of the other branched discharge pipes 320 is connected to the container via the discharge valve 226. It is connected to the lower surface of 308.
  • the discharge valve 220 is opened, and water is taken out from the container 302. The water is taken out until the sensor 310 detects the liquid level.
  • the sensor 310 closes the discharge valve 220 and stops taking out water.
  • the height of the sensor 310 is set such that, for example, water having a height of 1/10 of the height of the container 302 remains at the bottom of the container after the water extraction is stopped.
  • the discharge valve 232 is opened, and IL and a small amount of water are taken out from the container 304.
  • the supply valve 214 is opened, and the mixed liquid separated into IL and water is supplied to the container 306. Further, the container 308 is left in a state filled with the mixed liquid separated into IL and water to separate IL and water.
  • water can be taken out from the lower surface of the container 302 by using IL having a specific gravity smaller than that of water.
  • the pressure applied to the discharge pipe 320 is based on the weight obtained by adding the weight of water and the weight of IL. For this reason, the pressure applied to the discharge pipe 320 is greater than the pressure in the separator 200 when IL having a specific gravity greater than that of water is used. By increasing the pressure, the water extraction speed from the discharge pipe 320 can be increased.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the dehumidifier 400.
  • the dehumidifier 400 includes an absorber 410, a regenerator 40, and a cooler 50.
  • the dehumidifier 400 first, the water 414 contained in the air 412 is absorbed by the IL by the absorber 410, and the dehumidified air 412 is output.
  • the absorber 410 is common to the absorber 30 shown in FIG. 1 in the configuration in which the water 414 is absorbed by the IL, but includes the water 414 by taking in the air 412 including the water 414 and causing the IL to absorb the water 414. It differs in that no air 412 is output.
  • the IL that has absorbed the water 414 is separated into water 414 and IL in the regenerator 40.
  • the IL from which the water 414 has been separated is cooled by the cooler 50 and then transferred to the absorber 30 to absorb the water 414 from the air 412 again.
  • the regenerator 40 discharges the water 414 separated from the IL.
  • the dehumidifier 400 continuously outputs the air 412 that does not contain the water 414 by repeating the above cycle.
  • [P 4444 ] [TsO] having a transition temperature Tc of 50 ° C. was used as IL.
  • IL whose compatibility with water 414 changes at 50 ° C. is used as the refrigerant absorbent. Therefore, the IL and the water 414 can be separated by the specific gravity difference between the IL and the water 414 only by sensible heating the mixture of the IL and the water 414 to 50 ° C. or higher. For this reason, also in the dehumidifier 400 shown in FIG. 15, since the latent heat is not used to separate the IL and the water 414, the energy efficiency of the dehumidifier 400 can be greatly improved.
  • an IL using [P 4444 ] [TsO] is used as the refrigerant absorbent.
  • the refrigerant absorbent may include a plurality of types of IL.
  • additives other than IL may be included in IL, for example, a surfactant may be included in IL.
  • the refrigerant absorbent may be other than IL, and examples of such embodiments are shown in FIGS.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing an absorption refrigerator 500.
  • the mixer 520 of the absorption refrigerator 500 shown in FIG. 16 further includes a separation unit 510 in addition to the absorber 30 and the liquid pump 70.
  • it is a lithium bromide aqueous solution that absorbs water vaporized by the absorber 30.
  • an aqueous solution of a substance having high deliquescence such as calcium bromide or calcium chloride may be used.
  • the aqueous lithium bromide solution that has absorbed water in the absorber 30 is conveyed to the separation unit 510 by the liquid pump 70.
  • the separation unit 510 includes a semipermeable membrane 516, a first chamber 512 and a second chamber 514 separated by the semipermeable membrane 516.
  • the aqueous lithium bromide solution is stored in the second chamber 514.
  • Water contained in the lithium bromide aqueous solution permeates the semipermeable membrane and moves to the first chamber 512 that houses the IL.
  • the permeation method of the semipermeable membrane may be reverse osmosis or forward osmosis.
  • the IL that has absorbed the water in this way is sent to the regenerator 40.
  • the IL separated from the water in the regenerator 40 is transferred to the first chamber 512 of the separation unit 510 by the liquid pump 72 after being cooled by the cooler 50.
  • the water containing IL recovered by the recovery unit 24 of the evaporator 20 is also sent to the first chamber 512 of the separation unit 510.
  • IL is used again to absorb water passing through the semipermeable membrane.
  • the aqueous lithium bromide solution in the second chamber is returned to the absorber 30 and used again for absorbing the vaporized water.
  • water can be efficiently absorbed by using a lithium bromide aqueous solution having high compatibility with water as a refrigerant absorbent.
  • IL and water can be efficiently separated based on the change in compatibility.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing an absorption refrigerator 550.
  • the absorption refrigerator 550 shown in FIG. 17 further includes a concentration controller 560.
  • the concentration controller 560 for example, a capacitive deionization (CDI) apparatus that performs electrochemical deionization processing may be used.
  • CDI capacitive deionization
  • the lithium bromide aqueous solution sent from the separation unit 510 to the concentration controller 560 is divided into an aqueous solution containing lithium bromide at a high concentration and an aqueous solution containing a low concentration.
  • the low-concentration lithium bromide aqueous solution is mixed with the lithium bromide aqueous solution conveyed from the absorber 30 to the separation unit 510.
  • the high concentration lithium bromide aqueous solution is sent to the absorber 30.
  • concentration of the lithium bromide aqueous solution which flows into the absorber after the water separation by a semipermeable membrane can be raised further.
  • the absorption refrigerator 10 provided with the evaporator 20, the absorber 30 which is an example of a mixer, the regenerator 40, and the cooler 50 each was shown.
  • the evaporator 20, the absorber 30, the regenerator 40, and the cooler 50 may each be provided with two or more.
  • a plurality of absorbers 410, regenerators 40, and coolers 50 may be provided.

Abstract

Selon l'invention, dans un régénérateur d'un réfrigérateur à absorption, un mélange d'eau et d'un liquide ionique est chauffé pour transformer l'eau en vapeur, ce qui permet de séparer l'eau et le liquide ionique. Un problème rencontré dans l'état de l'art antérieur est que, comparativement à la chaleur sensible de chauffage, un tel chauffage de chaleur latente nécessite une température à ou au-dessus du point d'ébullition de la solution d'absorption, ainsi qu'une grande quantité de chaleur, et l'efficacité énergétique était par conséquent faible. Le réfrigérateur à absorption (10) comprend : un mélangeur (30) pour mélanger un fluide frigorigène et un liquide ionique dont la miscibilité avec le fluide frigorigène change avec la température ; un régénérateur (40) pour chauffer le mélange du fluide frigorigène et du liquide ionique mélangé par le mélangeur, et séparer le liquide ionique et le fluide frigorigène par la différence de densité de ces derniers tandis que le liquide ionique et le fluide frigorigène restent à l'état liquide ; et un évaporateur (20) pour vaporiser le réfrigérant séparé par le régénérateur, pour générer de l'énergie de froid.
PCT/JP2016/056142 2015-03-20 2016-02-29 Réfrigérateur à absorption et déshumidificateur WO2016152399A1 (fr)

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JP2018035950A (ja) * 2016-08-29 2018-03-08 株式会社デンソー 冷熱生成装置
JP2019202917A (ja) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 乾燥水電解水素ガスの製造方法及び吸収液

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JP2018035950A (ja) * 2016-08-29 2018-03-08 株式会社デンソー 冷熱生成装置
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JP2019202917A (ja) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 乾燥水電解水素ガスの製造方法及び吸収液
JP7116397B2 (ja) 2018-05-24 2022-08-10 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 乾燥水電解水素ガスの製造方法及び吸収液

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