WO2016142036A1 - Dispositif d'alimentation de secours pour un mécanisme de commande d'un système de réglage de pale de rotor d'une éolienne - Google Patents

Dispositif d'alimentation de secours pour un mécanisme de commande d'un système de réglage de pale de rotor d'une éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016142036A1
WO2016142036A1 PCT/EP2016/000330 EP2016000330W WO2016142036A1 WO 2016142036 A1 WO2016142036 A1 WO 2016142036A1 EP 2016000330 W EP2016000330 W EP 2016000330W WO 2016142036 A1 WO2016142036 A1 WO 2016142036A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
charging
wind turbine
power supply
evaluation unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/000330
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christof RICKESHENRICH
Ronald HORSTJAN
Original Assignee
Ssb Wind Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ssb Wind Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Ssb Wind Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2016142036A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016142036A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/484Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring electrolyte level, electrolyte density or electrolyte conductivity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/445Methods for charging or discharging in response to gas pressure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317Re-sealable arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00Geometry
    • F05B2250/50Inlet or outlet
    • F05B2250/502Outlet
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00Function
    • F05B2260/42Storage of energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00Function
    • F05B2260/60Fluid transfer
    • F05B2260/64Aeration, ventilation, dehumidification or moisture removal of closed spaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00Function
    • F05B2260/80Diagnostics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an emergency power supply device for an actuator of a rotor blade pitch of a wind turbine with one or more additional rechargeable by means of a charger, arranged in a housing electrical energy source (accumulators or secondary batteries) for limited maintenance of blade pitch in case of failure or malfunction of the primary terminal of the actuator, where the housing of the battery has a ventilation device, by means of which when charging the energy storage in the housing resulting electrolytic gases are discharged to the outside.
  • the invention also provides a method for the detection and measurement of a gas concentration for the above-mentioned emergency power supply device.
  • the invention further relates to a rotor blade pitch for a
  • Wind turbine with the emergency power supply device as well as a wind turbine with the mentioned rotor blade adjustment system.
  • a rotor blade pitch drive also known as pitch drive, is a drive system for adjusting one or more rotor blades of a wind power plant and is used for power control, start-up, shutdown and emergency operation of the wind turbine and is thus part of the safety concept of a wind turbine.
  • the system has at least one self-sufficient emergency power supply device, also called backup system, with an uninterruptible and self-sufficient power supply, usually in the form of one or more rechargeable batteries (accumulators), by means of which, in particular in the event of failure or malfunction of the primary energy supply Pitch- drive, the adjustment of the rotor blade in a safe position (in the so-called. Fahen too) is ensured.
  • the battery voltage is switched either directly to a drive motor of the pitch drive (for DC motors) or to a voltage intermediate circuit via a frequency converter controlled variable speed drive motor (asynchronous synchronous and servomotors).
  • the batteries must be recharged regularly using a charger. Either a backup system is provided for each rotor blade of the plant, or only one central system for all rotor blades. When charging electrical energy is converted into chemical energy in the batteries and recovered when discharged as electrical energy. Normal charging (heavy charge and / or trickle charge) or faulty charging can cause the batteries to emit gases (“gases.”) For commonly used lead acid batteries, this is hydrogen.
  • the electrolyte used in lead-acid batteries is sulfuric acid, which is electrolyzed when a voltage is applied to an electrode. It is the electrolytic decomposition of the water present in the sulfuric acid. Oxygen is produced at the positive electrode and twice the amount of hydrogen at the negative electrode.
  • WO 2011061016 A shows in FIG. 8 an electrical energy storage module for an electrical control cabinet with a housing in which one or more rechargeable batteries are arranged.
  • a degassing device or ventilation is arranged, by means of which the gases emitted by the batteries can be discharged to the outside.
  • the housing has for this purpose a hole in which the Entgasungsvorrich- device is arranged, which comprises only a membrane with a filter, so as to guarantee a natural ventilation. If, due to contamination or damage, the ventilation of the battery is interrupted or inoperable, a high and dangerous concentration of hydrogen can occur in the battery compartment during charging of the battery, which can not only cause wind power failures, but also cause accidents for maintenance personnel during routine maintenance of the wind turbine. This process also occurs with defective batteries or incorrect charging.
  • a measurement and evaluation of the hydrogen concentration, and thus a constant monitoring of the gassing of the batteries and a proper function of the ventilation are not yet available.
  • a gassing of the batteries can not be detected and there is a possibility that it may lead to an impermissibly high concentration of hydrogen.
  • the natural ventilation of battery rooms e.g. in the case of incorrect or improper charging or defective batteries and / or contaminated filter mats / membranes can not ensure that the hydrogen concentration does not exceed the "lower explosion threshold LEL", there is the possibility that dangerous conditions may occur.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to monitor the gas concentration of the battery compartment occurring during the "gas” so as to avoid the dangerous conditions.
  • a higher-level control system can detect the above-mentioned problems at an early stage via defined threshold values and appropriate measures can be initiated - eg checking the batteries, filter mats / membranes, chargers or the like. Due to the possible direct shutdown The battery charge through the evaluation is prevented an inadmissibly high concentration of hydrogen.
  • an evaluation unit corresponding digital and / or analog signals and / or values via network / bus communication can also be sent to the higher-level control of the wind turbine.
  • information can thus be provided to the higher-level controller which, when defined threshold values are exceeded, gives indications of defective batteries, faulty charging or non-functioning ventilation.
  • the evaluation unit can interrupt the charge of the batteries directly when a threshold value is exceeded. Thus, no dangerously high hydrogen concentration can form. It is ensured that a "lower explosion threshold LEL" is not exceeded.
  • the term battery compartment includes both the arrangement of the hydrogen sensor in the housing or trough of a battery and their arrangement in an electrical control cabinet for the control of the rotor blade adjustment drive, in which the emergency power supply is arranged.
  • the decisive factor is the measurement of the gas or hydrogen concentration in the room in question.
  • the evaluation unit can, for. B. be integrated in the charger. This embodiment makes sense if only a single charger with an evaluation unit is provided for the backup system. Alternatively, of course, a stand-alone device can be used.
  • the signals and / or analog values of the evaluation unit and network / bus communication are communicatively connected to the higher-level control, whereby the charging process can be interrupted if necessary.
  • the evaluation unit interrupts the power supply of the charger (s), whereby the signals and or analog values of the evaluation unit and network / bus Communicatively communicating with the higher level controller.
  • the evaluation unit is switched so that the charging of each individual battery can be interrupted.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a wind turbine with a Rotorblattverstellantrieb with integrated emergency power supply device.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a rotor blade displacement drive with an uninterruptible emergency power supply device.
  • FIG 3 shows an exploded view of a battery compartment or energy module with a sensor and associated evaluation unit for registering and measuring the gas concentration within the battery compartment.
  • Figs. 4 to 6 show switching arrangements for different embodiments of backup systems.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a wind power plant 1 with a fixed machine house 2, which is also referred to as a nacelle, and a rotating part with a hub 4 rotating around a rotor axis 3, from the rotor blades 5 projecting perpendicular to the rotor axis 3 each with a blade axis 7 extend.
  • a fixed machine house 2 which is also referred to as a nacelle
  • a rotating part with a hub 4 rotating around a rotor axis 3 from the rotor blades 5 projecting perpendicular to the rotor axis 3 each with a blade axis 7 extend.
  • the wind turbine on three rotor blades, two of which are visible and the third is hidden.
  • the nacelle 2 is rotatably mounted on a tower 6 about a Yaw axis Y arranged perpendicular to the rotor axis 3.
  • Each rotor blade 5 is mechanically coupled to an electric generator 8 arranged in the nacelle 2, for the most part engaging a wind force 22 acting on the rotor blades converts electrical energy.
  • a wind turbine control 9 is provided, by means of which, inter alia, rotor blade pitch drives 10 (pitch drives) are controlled for each blade 5, with which allows a rotation of the rotor blade 5 about its blade axis 7 (pitch).
  • rotor blade pitch drives 10 pitch drives
  • a central single drive is also possible with which all three blades can be pitch-adjusted.
  • Fig. 2 shows a simplified, schematic Darr ein the pitch drive 10 with an uninterruptible, switchable emergency power supply 1 1, which is also referred to as a backup system to ensure an at least temporarily maintaining the pitch adjustment in case of failure or malfunction of the pitch drive 10.
  • the backup system 1 1 in the illustration of FIG. 2 essentially comprises a self-sufficient DC voltage source 12 in the form of one or more energy storage modules 12, e.g. as a rechargeable accumulator or a battery with a connected charger 17, wherein the voltage source 12 is connected via a blocking diode 13 and a switch 14 with a capacitive intermediate circuit 16 with the voltage U of an inverter 15 of the pitch drive 10.
  • a self-sufficient DC voltage source 12 in the form of one or more energy storage modules 12, e.g. as a rechargeable accumulator or a battery with a connected charger 17, wherein the voltage source 12 is connected via a blocking diode 13 and a switch 14 with a capacitive intermediate circuit 16 with the voltage U of an inverter 15 of the pitch drive 10.
  • the electric Versteilmotor 19 is connected to the inverter 15 via an externally supplied AC mains 18.
  • the mains voltage is converted in a network-side rectifier 20 to the compatible with the backup system 1 1 DC voltage U in the intermediate circuit 16 with connection option for the backup system 1 first
  • the DC voltage in the DC link is converted by an inverter 21 into an adequate electrical voltage for the motor 19, by means of which the motor shaft causes a corresponding rotor blade adjustment of one or more rotor blades 5.
  • a connection of the pitch drive 10 via the switch 14 with the backup system 1 1, to prevent the blade adjustment is uncontrolled. It is thus by means of the backup system 1 1 a so-called.
  • Controlled emergency drive in which one or all rotor blades 5 in a safe position, in the so-called. Fahenwolf be moved.
  • the module has a housing 41 with a housing interior 23.
  • the z. B. made of plastic.
  • a heat-insulating sheath 25 is introduced, which has a base body 26 with an interior 27 and a cover.
  • an electric heater 30 is introduced, which is in heat-insulating contact with a heat-conducting intermediate element 29, which consists for example of aluminum.
  • the intermediate element 29 is also in thermally conductive contact with a plurality of electrical energy storage elements (batteries) 12, which are in heat-conducting contact with the intermediate element 29 with a temperature sensor 31, so that the heater 30 can be controlled.
  • the arrangement of base body 26, heater 30, intermediate element 29 and energy storage 12 is fixed by means of a clamping bracket 32 in the interior 27 and z. B. attached by means of a screw / nut connection to the housing 21.
  • the interior 27 is covered by the cover 28 and the housing 21 is closed by means of a housing cover 33, the z. B. consists of plastic.
  • the interior 27 is covered by the cover 28 and the housing 21 is closed by means of a housing cover 33, the z. B. consists of plastic.
  • the energy storage modules 12 electrical energy is converted into chemical energy and recovered when discharged as electrical energy.
  • the batteries can emit gases ("gases"), which is hydrogen for commonly used lead acid batteries This is the electrolytic decomposition of the water present in the sulfuric acid, which produces oxygen at the positive electrode and twice the amount of hydrogen at the negative electrode, and the process of "gassing" that occurs when Li is charged -Ion batteries.
  • the housing cover of the power source 12 has two through holes 34 and 35, wherein in the hole 35, a degassing device 36 is provided. It forms a natural or technical ventilation of the energy storage module 12.
  • the filter mats or membranes of the ventilation holes must be checked for soiling or damage during routine maintenance.
  • the other hole 34 serves as a connection for a hydrogen sensor which detects the hydrogen concentration in the energy store 12 by means of an evaluation unit 38 and triggers corresponding warning or stop commands for the installation 1 in response to overshoots of a permissible value.
  • the registered or measured hydrogen concentration is fed to the central system controller 9, which then develops corresponding counter-strategies (see also FIGS. 4 to 6).
  • Fig. 4 has only one single charger 17 electrically connected to each of the three emergency power supplies 11 (backup systems) of each blade 5.
  • a central evaluation unit 38 which may be integrated in the charger 17 or embodied as a "stand-alone" device
  • the unit 38 is connected in line with one hydrogen sensor 37 for each backup system 1 1 of a rotor blade 5.
  • the evaluation unit 38 communicates (ie, there is a signal and / or analog values and / or network / bus Kömmunikation) with the higher-level system controller 9.
  • When exceeding the threshold for the hydrogen concentration in one or more backup systems 11 is a separation of the central 7 charger from all backup systems.
  • the circuit according to FIG. 5 likewise has only one central evaluation unit 38, which is connected in line with the three hydrogen sensors 37 for each backup system 11.
  • Each backup system 11 is associated with a charger 17, so that in this embodiment, three chargers required are.
  • the threshold value is exceeded, in addition to the communication connection to the system controller 9, there is an interruption of the voltage supply 39 of all three charging devices 17 and thus prevention of the hydrogen increase in the respective backup system 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows a circuit arrangement with likewise three charging devices 17 for a respective backup system 11 and with only one central evaluation unit 38, which are connected in line with a respective hydrogen sensor 37 of the backup system 11.
  • the voltage supply 39 (FIG. 5) of the charging devices 17 is not interrupted when activated by the evaluation unit 38. If the threshold value is exceeded, a further charging and thus a further increase in hydrogen in the respective backup system 11 are prevented via a central switching device 40.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'alimentation de secours pour un mécanisme de commande d'un système de réglage de pale de rotor (10) d'une éolienne (1), comportant une ou plusieurs sources d'énergie électrique (accumulateurs ou batteries secondaires) supplémentaires, disposées dans un boîtier (41), et rechargeables au moyen d'un appareil de charge (17), pour un maintien temporaire du réglage des pales en cas de perte ou de défaillance de l'alimentation principale (18) d'un système de réglage (10), le boîtier (41) de la batterie présentant un dispositif de dégazage (36) au moyen duquel les gaz électrolytiques sont évacués vers l'extérieur lors du rechargement de la batterie (12) dans le boîtier. Cette invention est caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de dégazage (36) comprend un capteur (37) associé à une unité d'évaluation (38) afin de détecter et de mesurer la concentration de gaz à l'intérieur du boîtier de batterie (41) lors de l'opération de chargement.
PCT/EP2016/000330 2015-03-11 2016-02-25 Dispositif d'alimentation de secours pour un mécanisme de commande d'un système de réglage de pale de rotor d'une éolienne WO2016142036A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015003044 2015-03-11
DE102015003044.2 2015-03-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016142036A1 true WO2016142036A1 (fr) 2016-09-15

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PCT/EP2016/000330 WO2016142036A1 (fr) 2015-03-11 2016-02-25 Dispositif d'alimentation de secours pour un mécanisme de commande d'un système de réglage de pale de rotor d'une éolienne

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010025761A1 (fr) * 2008-09-02 2010-03-11 Abb Research Ltd Système et procédé de protection contre le feu
WO2011061016A1 (fr) 2009-11-17 2011-05-26 Ssb Wind Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Armoire de commande pour une installation éolienne
US20130155626A1 (en) * 2010-08-19 2013-06-20 Ssb Wind Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Box-shaped electrical switchgear cabinet sealed with a cover for a wind turbine
US20140038006A1 (en) * 2011-04-08 2014-02-06 Daimler Ag Device and Method for Checking the Leak-Tightness of an Electrochemical Energy Accumulator

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010025761A1 (fr) * 2008-09-02 2010-03-11 Abb Research Ltd Système et procédé de protection contre le feu
WO2011061016A1 (fr) 2009-11-17 2011-05-26 Ssb Wind Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Armoire de commande pour une installation éolienne
US20120224295A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2012-09-06 Ssb Wind Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Switchgear cabinet for a wind turbine
US20130155626A1 (en) * 2010-08-19 2013-06-20 Ssb Wind Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Box-shaped electrical switchgear cabinet sealed with a cover for a wind turbine
US20140038006A1 (en) * 2011-04-08 2014-02-06 Daimler Ag Device and Method for Checking the Leak-Tightness of an Electrochemical Energy Accumulator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Wind Energy Pitch Solutions YOUR PARTNER IN PITCH CONTROL ACHIEVING THE PERFECT PITCH", 1 September 2013 (2013-09-01), XP055272317, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.emoog.com/literature/ICD/moog-windenergy-solutions-overview-en.pdf> [retrieved on 20160512] *

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