WO2016139437A1 - Éolienne - Google Patents
Éolienne Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016139437A1 WO2016139437A1 PCT/FR2016/050511 FR2016050511W WO2016139437A1 WO 2016139437 A1 WO2016139437 A1 WO 2016139437A1 FR 2016050511 W FR2016050511 W FR 2016050511W WO 2016139437 A1 WO2016139437 A1 WO 2016139437A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- rotation
- wind turbine
- blade
- support shaft
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N flonicamid Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=NC=C1C(=O)NCC#N RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
- F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/041—Automatic control; Regulation by means of a mechanical governor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/50—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position
- F05B2260/502—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position involving springs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05B2260/71—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades as a function of flow velocity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05B2260/74—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis perpendicular the rotor centre line
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05B2260/75—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism not using auxiliary power sources, e.g. servos
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05B2260/77—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism driven or triggered by centrifugal forces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05B2260/78—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism driven or triggered by aerodynamic forces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/40—Type of control system
- F05B2270/402—Type of control system passive or reactive, e.g. using large wind vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/50—Control logic embodiment by
- F05B2270/508—Control logic embodiment by mechanical means, e.g. levers, gears or cams
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/60—Control system actuates through
- F05B2270/606—Control system actuates through mechanical actuators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wind turbine. It applies, in particular, to wind turbine generators, ie generating an electric current from a kinetic energy of the wind.
- Horizontal axis wind turbines usually have a set of blades, similar to airplane blades, rotating around the axis of rotation.
- the purpose of these wind turbines is to transform the force of the wind into a rotating force of a shaft, this rotation can cause the generation of electric current.
- the energy thus transformed has the disadvantage of having the same differences in intensity as those of the wind, the wind can vary greatly in amplitude during bursts, for example.
- Betz Limit 16/27, or about 59.3%
- the maximum energy contained in the wind is captureable and transformable into mechanical energy.
- the yield offered by the current wind turbines is well below this limit.
- wind turbine with steerable blades whose blade orientation is regulated by a system formed:
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of these disadvantages.
- the present invention relates to a wind turbine, which comprises:
- a first shaft driving a generator, free in rotation and traversed by an opening
- solid shaft a second shaft, called “solid shaft”, positioned at least partially in the opening, fixed in rotation to the hollow shaft, and free in translation in this opening,
- At least one third shaft fixed to the solid shaft along a radial axis and at least partially free to rotate about an axis longitudinal axis of said support shaft, the longitudinal axis being perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the first and second shafts and
- each blade being integral with a support shaft, said blade having a main axis parallel to the plane defined by the axes of rotation of the first, second and third shafts and outside said plane, so that the axis the blade is approaching the plane as the wind force increases.
- the wind turbine object of the present invention has a variable pitch.
- the support shafts rotate so as to reduce the surface of the blade directly perpendicular to the direction of the wind. In this way, the risk of damage caused by a too fast rotation of the hollow shaft or by a too high kinetic pressure of the wind on the blades is limited.
- the wind turbine that is the subject of the present invention comprises at least one means for mechanically driving at least one support shaft from a first position, in which the main axis of at least one blade is close of the plane, at a second position, in which the main axis of each said blade is remote from said plane, by rotation of the support shaft.
- the hollow shaft comprises, at one end close to each support shaft, a plate at least partially surrounding the opening and
- At least one support shaft is fixed to the plate by at least one bearing.
- the wind turbine of the present invention comprises:
- a lever comprising a roller, fixed to at least one support shaft, set in motion by the rotation of said support shaft from a so-called “rest” position, to a “folding” position, this driving movement a displacement in translation of the solid shaft towards the opening of the hollow shaft and
- the mechanical drive means is a spring, attached to the hollow shaft and the solid shaft, being:
- the drive means is a linear actuator actuated when each support shaft is in a retracted position.
- the wind turbine according to the present invention comprises a means of mechanically locking the positioning of at least one support shaft as a function of the rotational movement produced by said support shaft.
- the hollow shaft and the solid shaft are rotatably connected to one another by protuberances
- the wind turbine of the present invention comprises means for generating electricity from the rotary movement of the hollow shaft.
- FIG. 1 represents, schematically and in perspective, a particular embodiment of the wind turbine which is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 2 represents, schematically and in perspective, a particular embodiment of the wind turbine which is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 3 represents, schematically and in plan view, a particular embodiment of the wind turbine which is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 4 represents, schematically and in perspective, a particular embodiment of the wind turbine that is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 5 represents, schematically and in perspective, a particular embodiment of the wind turbine which is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 6 represents, schematically and in plan view, a particular embodiment of the wind turbine which is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 7 represents, schematically and in section, a particular embodiment of the wind turbine which is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 8 represents, schematically and in perspective, a particular embodiment of the wind turbine which is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 9 represents, schematically and in plan view, a particular embodiment of the wind turbine which is the subject of the present invention in a retracted position and
- FIG. 10 shows schematically and in top view, a particular embodiment of the wind turbine object of the present invention in the rest position.
- FIG. 1 which is not to scale, shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the wind turbine 10 which is the subject of the present invention.
- This wind turbine 10 comprises:
- a first shaft 105 driving a generatrix 1 10, free in rotation and traversed by an opening 1 15,
- a second shaft 120 positioned at least partially in the opening 1 15, fixed in rotation to the hollow shaft 105, and free in translation in this opening 1 15,
- At least one third shaft 125 fixed to the solid shaft 120 along a radial axis and at least partially free to rotate about a longitudinal axis of said support shaft 125, the longitudinal axis being perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the first and second shafts, 105 and
- each blade 130 being integral with a support shaft 125, said blade 130 having a main axis parallel to the plane defined by the axes of rotation of the first, second and third shafts, 105, 120 and 125, and outside said plane, so that the main axis of the blade 130 approaches said plane when the wind force increases,
- At least one means 135 for mechanically driving at least one support shaft 125 from a first position, in which the main axis of at least at least one blade 130 is close to the plane, at a second position, in which the main axis of each said blade 130 is remote from said plane, by rotation of the support shaft 125,
- a lever 145 comprising a roller 150, fixed to at least one support shaft 125, set in motion by the rotation of said support shaft 125 from a so-called “rest” position, to a so-called “folding” position; this movement causing a displacement in translation of the solid shaft 120 towards the opening 1 15 of the hollow shaft 105,
- a means 10 for generating electricity from the rotary movement of the hollow shaft 105 a means 10 for generating electricity from the rotary movement of the hollow shaft 105.
- the wind turbine 10 is, for example, a wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation corresponding to the hollow shaft 105.
- the hollow shaft 105 is, for example, a hollow metal tube of circular cross section.
- the hollow shaft 105 is made of a synthetic material, such as a type of plastic for example.
- This hollow shaft 105 has an opening, not shown, passing through the shaft in the direction of the length of the tube, that is to say along a longitudinal axis.
- the hollow shaft 105 is fixed to a support, not shown, by two bearings 107 guiding the hollow shaft 105 in rotation. These bearings 107 are fixed to the plate by screwing, nailing or welding, for example.
- the plate may be fixed or free to rotate about an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the hollow shaft 105. This plate is fixed to the ground or to a roof, for example, by means of a free mat in rotation or not.
- the wind turbine 10 comprises a single bearing 107 or no 107 bearing, the assembly then being supported by the shaft of a generator 1 10, which is the case for the majority of small wind turbines existing.
- the hollow shaft 105 drives a generator 1 10 electric current depending on the speed of rotation of the hollow shaft 105.
- This generator 1 10 is, for example, a dynamo whose function is to convert the mechanical energy of the rotation of the hollow shaft 105 into electrical energy.
- This generator is not limited to generating an electric current and can be implemented for any type of function requiring a rotary movement to be implemented.
- the hollow shaft 105 has at one end near the plate 140 a flared opening. In variants, this opening is surrounded by the plane plane surface 109.
- the hollow shaft 105 and the solid shaft 120 are fixed to each other by rods, not shown, passing through the two shafts, 105 and 120, so that the rotation of a shaft causes rotation from the other tree.
- the solid shaft 120 is, for example, a solid tube of circular cross section whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the opening (not shown) of the hollow shaft 105.
- the solid shaft 120 is shorter than the opening of the hollow shaft 105 and is supported on a spring, corresponding for example to the mechanical drive means, bearing on a stop 122.
- the stop 122 is positioned and fixed on the rear side of the hollow shaft 105, c ' that is to say close to the generator 1 10 and / or remote blades 130.
- the spring is the mechanical drive means 135, for example.
- the whole spring-shaft assembly having a diameter similar to that of the opening of the hollow shaft 105, any translational movement of the solid shaft 120 is first slowed by the action of the spring and then stopped when the spring no longer has compression capability.
- the spring is:
- each support shaft 125 is in a folded position.
- the drive means 135 is a linear actuator actuated when each support shaft is in a retracted position.
- the linear actuator is, for example, a gas cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.
- the solid shaft 120 is fixed on the front side, that is to say on the side opposite to the abutment 122 and / or near the blades 130, to a first plate 140.
- This plate 140 is, for example, a flat surface. in the shape of a star-shaped polygon with central symmetry, this star shape having as many points as the wind turbine 10 comprises blades 130, each tip being formed by two segments of the polygon of different sizes.
- the length of the large segment is generally greater than or equal to the length of the lever 145 whose roller 150 is in contact with the part of the plate 140 closest to the segment. In variants, these segments are perpendicular to each other.
- the plate 140 has a shape having an odd plurality of blades 130 organized in a central symmetry with respect to the center of the plate 140.
- the wind turbine 10 comprises a hydraulic damper positioned opposite the mechanical drive means 135, coaxially with the shaft 120, a fixed part and the body of the damper being fixed to a third plate which closes the assembly and ensures tightness, the movable portion of the damper being fixed to the shaft 120.
- This third plate, fixed to the plate 109 also prevents the assembly, formed by the shaft 120 and the plate 140, out of the opening of the hollow shaft 105 and thus limits the stroke of this assembly while abutting against this third plateau.
- This plate 140 is fixed to a second plate, not shown, by a set of protuberances 142 spacing the two plates by a distance equal to the diameter of the rollers 150 so that these rollers 150 roll between the plates during a rotation levers 145.
- the wind turbine 10 has as many protuberances 142 as blades 130.
- protuberances 142 have a shape of hollow truncated revolution cylinder for screwing the plate, not shown, to the protrusion 142.
- a portion of the protuberances 142 is hollow and another portion has secondary protuberances 144, longer than the protuberances 142 and having a smaller diameter.
- These secondary protuberances 144 are configured to be inserted into openings of dimensions similar to the cross-section of said secondary protuberances 144.
- These secondary protuberances 144 are hollow so as to allow the fixing a third plate, not shown, completely masking the levers 145. This masking reduces the risk of injury and wear of the masked elements due to particles carried by the wind.
- protuberances 144 are also fixed to the plate 109, these protuberances 144 causing the joint rotation of the hollow shaft 105 and the solid shaft 120 and the plate 109.
- Supporting protuberances 1 1 1 of the support shafts 125 are positioned on the periphery of the surface 109 surrounding the opening, not shown, of the hollow shaft 105 on the side of the blades 130. These support protuberances 11 1 are produced in rigid material, in the same manner as the flat surface 109.
- the wind turbine 10 has as many support protuberances 11 1 as support shafts 125. These support protuberances 11 1 are positioned so that the centers of gravity of these support protuberances 1 1 1 form a regular polygon, having as a center point on the axis of rotation of the solid shaft 120 and the hollow shaft 105, perpendicular to this axis, the spacing between each support protrusion 1 1 1 being identical.
- At least one support protrusion January 1 comprises two bearings, not shown, guiding the support shaft 125 associated in rotation by preventing a translation of said support shaft 125. In variants, these bearings are replaced by ball bearings. In variants, at least one support protrusion 11 1 has an opening, not shown, circular configured to receive an end of the associated support shaft 125. The openings, not shown, of these support protuberances January 1 have a length sufficient to limit the risk of cracking of at least one support protrusion January 1 under the action of a gust of wind. This length is determined by those skilled in the art, as a function of the material used to make the support protrusion 11 1 and by the exercise of a force, comparable to the force of a gust of wind, on the blade 130 associated with the support shaft 125 entering the opening.
- Each support shaft 125 is, for example, a tube or a cylindrical axis of circular cross section of rigid material. Each support shaft 125 is attached to one end of a lever 145 so that rotation of the support shaft 125 causes the trays to move toward the hollow shaft 105 or move the trays away from the hollow shaft 105 depending on the direction of rotation. In a position of rest, the rest trees 125 are positioned so that the plate 140 is remote from the flat surface 109 of the hollow shaft 105.
- a blade 130 is fixed to each support shaft 125, this blade 130 having an opening, not shown, allowing the insertion of the support shaft 125.
- the main axis of each blade 130 is parallel and offset from the the axis of rotation of the support shaft 125 associated with this blade 130. In a rest position, the main axis of each blade 130 is parallel and outside the plane formed by the axes of rotation of the hollow shaft 105 and support 125.
- Each blade 130 is made of aluminum sheet, plastic or other synthetic material, for example.
- these blades 130 are mounted on their axis of rotation sufficiently offset to rotate:
- the center of gravity of a blade is positioned outside the plane formed by the hollow shaft and the support shaft associated with said blade. It is this offset that causes the blade to rotate until it is placed in the retracted position as a function of the force of the wind applied to the blade.
- the center of gravity of a blade is positioned out of the plane formed by the set of support shafts.
- the plane formed by the centers of gravity of each blade is parallel to, and offset from, the plane formed by the set of support shafts when the wind turbine is in the rest position. In the retracted position, these two planes are close, or even merged into a maximum fallback position. These two positions are illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10.
- the wind turbine that is the subject of the present invention has an offset between the plane of rotation of the centers of gravity of the blades and the plane of rotation of the shaft axes of the blade supports so that the force of the wind and the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the helix rotate at least one blade support shaft from a rest position, illustrated in Figure 10, to a folded position, illustrated in Figure 9, wherein the rotation plane of the centers of gravity blades are merged with the plane of rotation of the shaft shafts of the blade supports.
- the wind turbine comprises a linear actuator of at least one light support shaft from the folded position in which the plan of rotation of the centers of gravity of the blades is confused with the plane of rotation of the axes of the shaft of the supports of blades (important angle of stall, taken with minimal wind) towards the position of rest in which the plane of rotation of the centers of gravity Pale is merged with the string plane of the blades but parallel and offset from the plane of rotation of the shaft shafts support blades (zero wedge angle, maximum wind catch).
- the wind turbine 10 has six blades 130 to bring the wind turbine yield 10 closer to the Betz limit. The number of blades 130 may also depend on the diameter of the helix, the larger this helix, the higher the number of blades 130.
- the blades 130 are synchronized angularly by the play of the rollers 150, trays 140 and levers 145, each blade 130 contributing to a setback position or in a rest position of each other blade 130.
- the wind turbine 10 further comprises a mechanical locking means (not shown) for the positioning of a support shaft 125, this locking blocking in position the solid shaft 120 with respect to the hollow shaft 105 when the rotation of a support shaft 125 has traveled a determined angle of rotation.
- This determined angle of rotation corresponds, for example, to 90% or more of the maximum possible rotation.
- This locking means is, for example, a stop or a non-return device removable by a user.
- this locking means is a hook catching a protuberance (not shown) of the solid shaft 120 when this solid shaft 120 passes a certain position in the hollow shaft 105 during a displacement caused by the rotation of the blades 130 from an extreme folding position of the blades 130 generated by a wind force that can damage the wind turbine 10.
- the action of the spring on the abutment 122 causes a thrust of the plate 140 to move this plate 140 away from the flat surface 109 which, by the action of the levers 145, causes rotation of the support shafts 125 and therefore of the blades 130 so that the blades 130 have the largest possible area in a perpendicular direction in the direction of the wind in order to generate, by the rotation of the hollow shaft 105, a maximum of mechanical and / or electrical energy.
- the wind turbine 10 object of the present invention varies this surface as a function of the force exerted by the wind so as to perform a function variable pitch depending on the wind force.
- FIG. 2 shows a zoomed view of the wind turbine 10 in a retracted position, ie when the spring is compressed. In this position, the blades 130 are almost in the direction of the wind and the hollow shaft rotates at a similar speed to the speed of rotation observed when the wind turbine 10 is in the rest position and from a wind speed at which the system starts to regulate the rotation regime.
- FIG. 3 shows a profile view of the wind turbine 10 in a folded position. It is observed, in particular, that the blades 130 have a minimum surface in the direction of the wind.
- FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the wind turbine 10 in the rest position, that is to say when the spring is at rest. In this position, the blades 130 are the most sensitive to the force of the wind.
- FIG. 5 shows a zoomed view of the wind turbine 10 in the rest position in which the plate 140 is remote from the plane surface 109.
- FIG. 6 shows a profile view of the wind turbine 10 in the rest position.
- FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of the wind turbine 10.
- the solid shaft 120 bears on a spring 135, this spring acting as a mechanical drive means.
- This spring 135 bears against a stop 122 so that the solid shaft assembly 120, spring 135 and stop 122 are positioned in the hollow shaft successively along the axis of rotation of this hollow shaft.
- FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a wind turbine 20 similar to the wind turbine 10 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7, which comprises, in addition, at least one flyweight 170.
- the wind turbine 20 has a weight per blade 130.
- Each flyweight 170 is, for example, a cylinder of revolution full of heavy material, such as metal for example.
- Each flyweight 170 is associated with a support shaft 125 and / or a blade 130 so that, when the blade 130 rotates, the support shaft 125 is more easily rotated due to the action of the force. centrifugal.
- the angle in position of rest between each weight and the plane of the trees 125 is 45 °, this angle can be greater.
- FIG. 9 shows a wind turbine 30 comprising blades 205, an angle of inclination 205 of the blades 205, an axis 215 of rotation of the propeller shaft, a plane 220 of rotation of the axes of the blade supports. 205 and a plane 225 of rotation of the centers of gravity of the blades 205, in folded position.
- the distance between the parallel planes 220 and 225 is represented at 230.
- FIG. 10 shows the wind turbine 30 comprising the blades 205, the axis 215 of rotation of the propeller shaft, the plane 220 of rotation of the axes of the blade supports 205 and a plane 235 of rotation of the blades. center of gravity of the blades 205, in the rest position. The distance between the parallel planes 220 and 235 is represented at 240.
- the distance 240 is different from the distance 230. More precisely, the plane 235 is further forward, in the direction from which the wind is coming, than the plane 225. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9, the distance 230 is zero, the planes 220 and 225 being merged. In Figure 9, the wind resistance is minimal while in Figure 10, the wind resistance is maximum. It will be noted that what has been indicated in the description of FIGS. 9 and 10 with respect to the plane of the center of gravity of the blades could be applied to the plane of the centers of wind thrust on the blades.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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EP16712391.8A EP3423708A1 (fr) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-03-04 | Éolienne |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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FR1500431 | 2015-03-04 | ||
FR1500431A FR3033369B1 (fr) | 2015-03-04 | 2015-03-04 | Eolienne |
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WO2016139437A1 true WO2016139437A1 (fr) | 2016-09-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/FR2016/050511 WO2016139437A1 (fr) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-03-04 | Éolienne |
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EP (1) | EP3423708A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3033369B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016139437A1 (fr) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1117788A (fr) | 1954-12-28 | 1956-05-28 | Des Procedes Chevreau Et Devil | Aéromoteur à vitesse et puissance automatiquement constantes |
-
2015
- 2015-03-04 FR FR1500431A patent/FR3033369B1/fr active Active
-
2016
- 2016-03-04 WO PCT/FR2016/050511 patent/WO2016139437A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2016-03-04 EP EP16712391.8A patent/EP3423708A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1117788A (fr) | 1954-12-28 | 1956-05-28 | Des Procedes Chevreau Et Devil | Aéromoteur à vitesse et puissance automatiquement constantes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3033369B1 (fr) | 2017-03-31 |
FR3033369A1 (fr) | 2016-09-09 |
EP3423708A1 (fr) | 2019-01-09 |
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