WO2016138763A1 - 双极化天线 - Google Patents

双极化天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016138763A1
WO2016138763A1 PCT/CN2015/090356 CN2015090356W WO2016138763A1 WO 2016138763 A1 WO2016138763 A1 WO 2016138763A1 CN 2015090356 W CN2015090356 W CN 2015090356W WO 2016138763 A1 WO2016138763 A1 WO 2016138763A1
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Prior art keywords
vibrator
dual
polarized antenna
network
polarized
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PCT/CN2015/090356
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宗柏青
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2016138763A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016138763A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antenna technology, and more particularly to a dual polarized antenna.
  • An antenna is a transducer that converts a guided wave propagating on a transmission line into an electromagnetic wave propagating in an unbounded medium (usually free space), or vice versa.
  • a base station antenna is a converter between a circuit signal in a communication device and a radiated electromagnetic wave in space.
  • the base station antenna is one of the key hardware devices of the mobile communication system, and its performance directly affects the overall performance of the entire wireless network.
  • the polarization of the antenna is one of the main parameters affecting the performance of the antenna, and it is also an important parameter to be considered in designing the antenna.
  • the polarization of an antenna refers to the direction of the electric field strength formed when the antenna radiates. According to the number of polarization directions, the antenna can be divided into a single-polarized antenna and a dual-polarized antenna. In practical applications, a single-polarized antenna can form a double by combining Polarized antenna. Generally, mutually orthogonal dual-polarized antennas operate simultaneously in the transceiver duplex mode, and the most prominent advantage is that the number of antennas of a single directional base station is saved.
  • the dual-polarized antenna since the dual-polarized antenna has low requirements for erection and installation, it is not necessary to construct an antenna tower for land acquisition. For example, only one iron column with a diameter of 20 cm can be erected, and the dual-polarized antenna is fixed on the iron column according to the corresponding covering direction. However, in this way, the capital investment can be saved, and the layout of the base station can be made more reasonable, thereby making the selection of the base station site easier.
  • the existing dual-polarized antenna still has certain defects. For example, the existing dual-polarized antenna has a complicated structure, a single structure, high manufacturing cost, and cannot meet the needs of various environments.
  • embodiments of the present invention are expected to provide a dual-polarized antenna, which has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and can be applied to various environments.
  • a dual-polarized antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a radiating unit, a feeding network, and a grounding plate;
  • the radiating unit is configured to radiate energy to the space, including a first vibrator and a second vibrator, the first vibrator is perpendicular to the second vibrator, and the second vibrator is parallel to the ground plate, the first An oscillator is disposed between the second vibrator and the ground plate;
  • the feed network is configured to feed the first vibrator, and the first vibrator is used to form a dual polarized port.
  • the first vibrator includes an electric vibrator
  • the second vibrator includes a magnetic vibrator
  • the radiating unit is an electromagnetic coupling vibrator radiating unit.
  • the radiating unit includes four of the first vibrators and one of the second vibrators, and the four first vibrators are uniformly disposed on a circumference of the same circle.
  • the first vibrator further includes a loading metal wafer and a feeding metal cylinder, and the loading metal wafer and the feeding metal cylinder are respectively disposed at two ends of the electric vibrator, and the feeding metal The cylinder is vertically mounted on the ground plate.
  • the loading metal wafer is parallel to the second vibrator and the distance from the second vibrator is equal to the thickness of the second vibrator.
  • the feeding network is configured to differentially feed the vibrator pair composed of two first vibrators corresponding to each other among the four first vibrators;
  • the second vibrator is annular and the circumference of the outer ring is equal to the wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave.
  • the feed network includes a feedforward power network and a feedforward power network fixed on the feed metal cylinder, and the feedforward power network is disposed on the ground plate adjacent to the second oscillator. On one side, the back feed network is disposed on a side of the ground plate remote from the second vibrator.
  • the dual-polarized antenna further includes a reflective wall, and the radiating unit, the feeding network, and the grounding plate are disposed in a space surrounded by the reflective wall.
  • the grounding plate is a square metal plate, and a bottom side of the reflective wall has a circumference equal to a circumference of the ground plate.
  • the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention is configured to provide a first vibrator and a second vibrator, and the first vibrator is perpendicular to the second vibrator, the second vibrator is parallel to the ground plate, and the The first vibrator is disposed between the second vibrator and the ground plate, so that the dual-polarized antenna not only has a simple structure, fewer components, and low manufacturing cost, but also can simplify the dual-polarized antenna structure and reduce component usage.
  • the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention can meet the needs of various environments.
  • the loaded metal wafer by placing the loading metal wafer in parallel with the second vibrator, the loaded metal wafer can be used as a director to direct the energy radiated into the space to the target direction of the radiation, thereby improving the implementation of the present invention.
  • the VSWR of the dual-polarized antenna is provided as an example and the directivity is improved; by setting the loaded metal disk to have a distance from the second vibrator equal to the thickness of the second vibrator, the energy radiated into the space can be maximized, thereby improving the present invention.
  • the radiation efficiency of the dual polarized antenna provided by the embodiment.
  • the second vibrator by setting the second vibrator to have the circumference of the outer ring equal to the wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave, the second vibrator can realize a low profile by the principle of magnetic mirroring on the ground plate, and can improve the radiation efficiency.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can reflect a part of the electromagnetic wave radiated to the surrounding area to the target direction of the radiation by providing the reflective wall. Therefore, the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be further improved. The standing wave ratio and improve the direction.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can conveniently provide related leakage, overcurrent, fast breaking and the like by the feeding network disposed on both sides of the grounding plate; the feeding network can effectively suppress the common mode current on the conductor surface by differential excitation, so The polarization purity of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first vibrator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second vibrator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective structural diagram of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing return loss of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dual-polarized antenna includes a radiating unit, a feeding network, and a grounding plate; wherein the radiating unit is configured to radiate energy into the space, including the first vibrator and the second vibrator.
  • the first vibrator is perpendicular to the second vibrator, the second vibrator is parallel to the ground plate, and the first vibrator is disposed between the second vibrator and the ground plate; the feed network configuration To feed the first vibrator, the first vibrator is used to form a dual polarized port.
  • the first vibrator may be an electric vibrator
  • the second vibrator may be a magnon
  • the radiating unit may be an electromagnetically coupled vibrator radiating unit.
  • the radiation unit may include four of the first vibrators and one of the second vibrators, four
  • the first vibrators may be uniformly disposed on the circumference of the same circle.
  • a plurality of first vibrators are required to be uniformly arranged in pairs on the circumference of the same circle. Therefore, the number of the first vibrators needs to be an even number, preferably four.
  • the first vibrator may further include a loading metal wafer and a feeding metal cylinder, and the loading metal wafer and the feeding metal cylinder may be respectively disposed at two ends of the first vibrator, and the feeding metal cylinder may be vertical Installed on the grounding plate.
  • the loading metal wafer may be parallel to the second vibrator and the distance from the second vibrator is equal to the thickness of the second vibrator.
  • the feed network may differentially feed the pair of two first oscillators corresponding to each other among the four first transducers, and the four first transducers can form a polarization port of +45° and -45° Polarized port.
  • the four first vibrators form two polarized ports, one polarized port is +45° and one polarized port is -45°; it can also be said that four of the first vibrators form two sub-ports Antenna, two sub-antennas are perpendicular to each other, one sub-antenna is +45°, and one sub-antenna is -45°.
  • the second vibrator may be annular and the circumference of the outer ring is equal to the wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave.
  • the feed network may include a feedforward power network and a feedforward power network fixed on the feed metal cylinder, and the feedforward power network is disposed on the ground plate near the second On one side of the vibrator, the rear feed network is disposed on a side of the ground plate remote from the second vibrator.
  • the dual polarized antenna may further include a reflective wall, and the radiating unit, the feeding network, and the grounding plate are disposed in a space surrounded by the reflective wall.
  • the grounding plate may be a square metal plate, and a bottom side of the reflective wall has a circumference equal to a circumference of the ground plate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1
  • the dual-polarized antenna in this embodiment includes a radiating unit, a feeding network (not shown), and a grounding plate 4; wherein the radiating unit includes a first vibrator and a second vibrator 2, and the second vibrator 2 can be Magnetic oscillator
  • the first vibrator includes an electric vibrator 1, a loading metal disc 3 and a feeding metal cylinder 5, and the loading metal disc 3 and the feeding metal cylinder 5 are respectively disposed at two ends of the electric vibrator 1; the second vibrator 2 is parallel to the grounding plate 4
  • the electric vibrator 1 is disposed between the second vibrator 2 and the grounding plate 4 and perpendicular to the second vibrator 2; the grounding plate 4 is provided with a circular hole 41, and the feeding metal cylinder 5 is vertically mounted to the grounding plate 4 through the circular hole 41. on.
  • the feed network is disposed on the grounding plate 4 and configured to feed the first vibrator.
  • the first vibrator forms a dual-polarized port, and the electromagnetically coupled vibrator radiating unit formed by the first vibrator and the second vibrator 2 radiates energy into the space.
  • the loading metal disk 3 is preferably arranged in parallel with the second vibrator 2 and can serve as a director to direct the energy radiated into the space to the target direction of the radiation, thus improving the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the dual-polarized antenna has a standing wave ratio and improves directivity.
  • the loading metal disk 3 is further preferably arranged such that the distance from the second vibrator 2 is equal to the thickness of the second vibrator 2, by which the energy radiated into the space can be maximized, thereby improving the embodiment of the invention.
  • the radiation efficiency of the dual polarized antenna provided.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first vibrator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • four first vibrators are uniformly disposed, and each of the first vibrators includes an electric vibrator 1 and a loading metal.
  • the sheet 3 is parallel to the ground plate 4.
  • Each of the first vibrators on the ground plane 4 has a variable characteristic impedance and impedance transformation effect, and the uniformly arranged four first vibrators can form a dual polarized port.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second vibrator according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
  • the second vibrator 2 may be a magnetic vibrator and arranged in a circular shape, and the second vibrator 2 thus disposed is not only simple in structure but also convenient to be connected to other components.
  • the second vibrator 2 is preferably arranged such that the circumference of the outer ring is equal to the wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave, which enables the second vibrator 2 to achieve a low profile on the ground plane 4 by the principle of magnetic mirroring and to improve the radiation efficiency.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiating element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the radiating unit includes four first vibrators and second vibrators 2, and each of the first vibrators includes an electric vibrator 1 Loading the metal wafer 3 and the feeding metal cylinder 5, wherein the feeding metal cylinder 5 is vertically mounted on the grounding plate 4, and the loading metal wafer 3 and the feeding metal cylinder 5 are respectively disposed at two ends of the electric vibrator 1
  • the loading metal wafer 3 is disposed parallel to the ground plate 4.
  • the second vibrator 2 is disposed parallel to the ground plate 4, and the electric vibrator 1 is disposed between the second vibrator 2 and the ground plate 4 and perpendicular to the second vibrator 2.
  • the second vibrator 2 may be a magnetic vibrator, and the first vibrator 2 and the second vibrator 2 may constitute an electromagnetic coupling vibrator radiating unit, and the electromagnetic coupling feeding has a wide-band characteristic. Therefore, the dual-polarized antenna provided by each embodiment of the present invention can be used as a base station. Antennas are used in a variety of wireless communication systems.
  • the four first vibrators are preferably uniformly disposed on the circumference of the same circle, and each of the first vibrators on the ground plate 4 has a variable characteristic impedance and impedance transformation effect, and the four first vibrators can A polarized port of +45° and a polarized port of -45° are formed.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the dual-polarized antenna in this embodiment is compared with the dual-polarized antenna provided in the embodiment shown in FIG. Further comprising a reflective wall 7, a feedforward network 6 and a feedforward network 8.
  • the radiation unit, the feed network and the grounding plate 4 are all disposed in the space surrounded by the reflective wall 7.
  • the reflective wall 7 is capable of reflecting a portion of the electromagnetic wave radiated to the periphery to the target direction of the radiation. Therefore, the standing wave ratio of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be further improved and the directivity can be improved.
  • the feed network further includes a feedforward fixed to the feed metal cylinder 5.
  • the network 6 and the feedforward network 8 the feedforward network 6 is disposed on a side of the ground plate 4 adjacent to the second vibrator 2, and the post-feed network 8 is disposed on a side of the ground plate 4 remote from the second vibrator 2
  • the four first vibrators are preferably uniformly disposed on the circumference of the same circle, and the feed network is configured to be capable of mutually corresponding to the four first vibrators uniformly disposed on the circumference of the same circle.
  • the vibrators composed of the first vibrators are differentially fed to form a differential excitation.
  • Each of the first vibrators on the ground plane 4 has a variable characteristic impedance and impedance transformation effect, and the four first vibrators can form a +45° polarization port and a -45° polarization port, and a polarization of +45°.
  • the orthogonality of the polarization with -45° can ensure that the isolation between the two antennas of +45° and -45° thus formed satisfies the requirement of intermodulation for the spacing of the antenna, and the spatial separation is small, thereby reducing The spatial volume of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the common mode current on the surface of the conductor can be effectively suppressed by the differential excitation. Therefore, the polarization purity of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be improved.
  • the ground plate 4 is preferably provided as a square metal plate, and the bottom side of the reflective wall 7 is equal to the circumference of the ground plate 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a return loss curve of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the abscissa is frequency and the unit is GHz; and the ordinate is return loss, and the unit is dB.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a return loss curve of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention when the operating frequency band is 2.5-2.65 GHz, wherein the first port is a polarization port of +45°, and the second port is - 45° polarized port, curve S(1,1) shows the return loss of the first port when the second port is matched, and curve S(2,2) shows the back of the second port when the first port is matched Wave loss.
  • the units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place.
  • the party may also be distributed to multiple network units; some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be separately used as one unit, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit;
  • the unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.
  • the dual-polarized antenna includes a radiating unit, a feeding network, and a grounding plate, wherein the radiating unit is configured to radiate energy to the space, including the first vibrator and the second vibrator, the first The vibrator is perpendicular to the second vibrator, the second vibrator is parallel to the ground plate, the first vibrator is disposed between the second vibrator and the ground plate, and the feed network is configured as a pair The first vibrator feeds, and the first vibrator is used to form a dual-polarized port; thus, the structure is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, and it can be applied to various environments.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种双极化天线，包括辐射单元、馈电网络和接地板（4），其中，所述辐射单元，配置为将能量辐射到空间，包括第一振子和第二振子（2），所述第一振子垂直于所述第二振子（2），所述第二振子（2）平行于所述接地板（4），所述第一振子设置在所述第二振子（2）与所述接地板（4）之间；所述馈电网络，配置为对所述第一振子馈电，所述第一振子用于形成双极化端口。本发明的双极化天线结构简单、制造成本低，且能适用于各种不同的环境。

Description

双极化天线 技术领域
本发明涉及天线技术，尤其涉及一种双极化天线。
背景技术
天线是一种转换器，它把传输线上传播的导行波转换成在无界媒介(通常是自由空间)中传播的电磁波，或者进行相反的转换。
在蜂窝移动通信系统中，基站天线是通信设备中电路信号与空间中辐射电磁波之间的转换器。基站天线是移动通信系统的关键硬件设备之一，其性能直接影响整个无线网络的整体性能。在移动通信网络的工程设计中，需要根据网络的覆盖要求、话务量分布、抗干扰要求和网络服务质量等多种因素来设计合适的基站天线。
天线的极化是影响天线性能的主要参数之一，也是设计天线中需要考虑的重要参数。天线的极化是指天线辐射时形成的电场强度的方向，根据极化方向的数量，天线可以分为单极化天线和双极化天线；实际应用中，单极化天线通过组合可以形成双极化天线。通常，相互正交的双极化天线同时工作在收发双工模式下，其最突出的优点是节省了单个定向基站的天线数量。并且，由于双极化天线对架设安装的要求不高，不需要征地建设天线塔，例如可以只架设一根直径20cm的铁柱，将双极化天线根据相应的覆盖方向固定在铁柱上即可，如此，能够节省基建投资，且使基站的布局更加合理，进而使得基站站址的选定更加容易。但是，现有的双极化天线仍存在一定的缺陷，例如：现有的双极化天线结构复杂、单一，制造成本高，无法满足各种不同环境的使用需要等等。
发明内容
为解决现有存在的技术问题，本发明实施例期望提供一种双极化天线，结构简单、制造成本低，且能适用于各种不同的环境。
本发明实施例的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明实施例提供的一种双极化天线，包括辐射单元、馈电网络和接地板；其中，
所述辐射单元，配置为将能量辐射到空间，包括第一振子和第二振子，所述第一振子垂直于所述第二振子，所述第二振子平行于所述接地板，所述第一振子设置于所述第二振子与所述接地板之间；
所述馈电网络配置为对所述第一振子馈电，所述第一振子用于形成双极化端口。
上述方案中，所述第一振子包括电振子，所述第二振子包括磁振子，所述辐射单元为电磁耦合振子辐射单元。
上述方案中，所述辐射单元包括四个所述第一振子和一个所述第二振子，四个所述第一振子均匀地设置于同一个圆的圆周上。
上述方案中，所述第一振子还包括加载金属圆片和馈电金属圆柱，所述加载金属圆片和所述馈电金属圆柱分别设置于所述电振子的两端，所述馈电金属圆柱垂直安装于所述接地板上。
上述方案中，所述加载金属圆片与所述第二振子平行且与所述第二振子的距离等于所述第二振子的厚度。
上述方案中，所述馈电网络，配置为对四个所述第一振子中相互对应的两个第一振子组成的振子对差分馈电；
四个所述第一振子用于形成+45°的极化端口和-45°的极化端口。
上述方案中，所述第二振子为圆环形且外环的周长等于辐射电磁波的波长。
上述方案中，所述馈电网络包括固定在所述馈电金属圆柱上的前馈电网络和后馈电网络，所述前馈电网络设置于所述接地板的靠近所述第二振子的一侧上，所述后馈电网络设置于所述接地板的远离所述第二振子的一侧上。
上述方案中，所述双极化天线还包括反射壁，所述辐射单元、馈电网络和接地板均设置于所述反射壁包围的空间内。
上述方案中，所述接地板为方形金属板，所述反射壁的底边长与所述接地板的周长相等。
本发明实施例提供的双极化天线，通过设置第一振子和第二振子，且设置所述第一振子垂直于所述第二振子，所述第二振子平行于接地板，并将所述第一振子设置于所述第二振子与所述接地板之间，如此，不仅使双极化天线的结构简单、元件少、制造成本低，而且能通过简化双极化天线结构和减少元件使用来减小天线的体积，进而使得本发明实施例提供的双极化天线能够满足各种不同环境的使用需要。
另外，本发明实施例通过将加载金属圆片设置为与第二振子平行，可以将加载金属圆片作为引向器将辐射到空间的能量引向辐射的目标方向，因此，能够改善本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的驻波比并提高方向性；通过将加载金属圆片设置为与第二振子的距离等于第二振子的厚度，能够使辐射到空间的能量最多，从而提高本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的辐射效率。
本发明实施例通过将第二振子设置为外环的周长等于辐射电磁波的波长，使得第二振子能够在接地板上通过磁镜像原理实现低轮廓，并能提高辐射效率。
本发明实施例通过设置反射壁能够将部分辐射到四周的电磁波反射到辐射的目标方向，因此，能够进一步改善本发明实施例提供的双极化天线 的驻波比并提高方向性。
本发明实施例通过设置在接地板两侧的馈电网络，能够方便地提供相关漏电、过流、速断等保护；所述馈电网络通过差分激励可以有效抑制导体表面上的共模电流，因此，能够提高本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的极化纯度。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的侧视结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的第一振子的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的第二振子的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的辐射单元的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的立体结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的回波损耗曲线图。
具体实施方式
为了能够更加详尽地了解本发明的特点与技术内容，下面通过具体实施例结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明，所附附图仅供参考说明之用，并非用来限定本发明。
在本发明一个实施例中，所述双极化天线包括辐射单元、馈电网络和接地板；其中，所述辐射单元，配置为将能量辐射到空间，包括第一振子和第二振子，所述第一振子垂直于所述第二振子，所述第二振子平行于所述接地板，所述第一振子设置于所述第二振子与所述接地板之间；所述馈电网络配置为对所述第一振子馈电，所述第一振子用于形成双极化端口。
上述双极化天线中，第一振子可以是电振子，第二振子可以是磁振子；相应地，辐射单元可以是电磁耦合振子辐射单元。
上述辐射单元可以包括四个所述第一振子和一个所述第二振子，四个 所述第一振子可以均匀地设置于同一个圆的圆周上。在实际应用中，需要多个第一振子均匀成对地设置于同一个圆的圆周上，所以，第一振子的数量需为偶数，较佳为四个。
上述第一振子还可以包括加载金属圆片和馈电金属圆柱，所述加载金属圆片和所述馈电金属圆柱可以分别设置于所述第一振子的两端，上述馈电金属圆柱可以垂直安装于所述接地板上。
上述加载金属圆片可以与所述第二振子平行、且与所述第二振子的距离等于所述第二振子的厚度。
上述馈电网络可以对四个所述第一振子中相互对应的两个第一振子组成的振子对差分馈电，四个所述第一振子能够形成+45°的极化端口和-45°的极化端口。换句话说就是，四个所述第一振子形成两个极化端口，一个极化端口为+45°，一个极化端口为-45°；也可以说四个所述第一振子形成两个子天线，两个子天线相互垂直，一个子天线为+45°，一个子天线为-45°。
在一实施例中，上述第二振子可以为圆环形且外环的周长等于辐射电磁波的波长。
在一实施例中，上述馈电网络可以包括固定在所述馈电金属圆柱上的前馈电网络和后馈电网络，所述前馈电网络设置于所述接地板的靠近所述第二振子的一侧上，所述后馈电网络设置于所述接地板的远离所述第二振子的一侧上。
在一实施例中，上述双极化天线还可以包括反射壁，所述辐射单元、馈电网络和接地板都设置于所述反射壁包围的空间内。
上述接地板可以方形金属板，所述反射壁的底边长与所述接地板的周长相等。
图1为本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的侧视结构示意图，如图1所 示，该实施例中的双极化天线包括辐射单元、馈电网络(图中没有示出)和接地板4；其中，辐射单元包括第一振子和第二振子2，第二振子2可以为磁振子；
第一振子包括电振子1、加载金属圆片3和馈电金属圆柱5，加载金属圆片3和馈电金属圆柱5分别设置于电振子1的两端；第二振子2平行于接地板4，电振子1设置在第二振子2与接地板4之间且垂直于第二振子2；接地板4上设置有圆孔41，馈电金属圆柱5穿过圆孔41垂直安装于接地板4上。
馈电网络设置在接地板4上，配置为对第一振子馈电，第一振子形成双极化端口，通过第一振子和第二振子2构成的电磁耦合振子辐射单元将能量辐射到空间。
在一个实施例中，加载金属圆片3优选地设置为与第二振子2平行，并且可以作为引向器将辐射到空间的能量引向辐射的目标方向，因此，能够改善本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的驻波比并提高方向性。
在一个实施例中，加载金属圆片3进一步优选地设置为与第二振子2的距离等于第二振子2的厚度，通过这样的设置能够使辐射到空间的能量最多，从而提高本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的辐射效率。
图2为本发明实施例提供的第一振子的结构示意图，如图2所示，在该实施例中，均匀地设置有四个第一振子，每个第一振子包括电振子1、加载金属圆片3和馈电金属圆柱5，其中，馈电金属圆柱5垂直地安装在接地板4上，加载金属圆片3和馈电金属圆柱5分别设置在电振子1的两端，加载金属圆片3平行于接地板4。
接地板4上的每个第一振子具有可变的特性阻抗和阻抗变换效应，均匀设置的四个第一振子能够形成双极化端口。
图3为本发明实施例提供的第二振子的结构示意图，如图3所示，在 该实施例中，第二振子2可以为磁振子且设置为圆环形，通过这样设置的第二振子2不仅结构简单，并且方便与其他元件连接。
在一个实施例中，第二振子2优选地设置为外环的周长等于辐射电磁波的波长，这使得第二振子2能够在接地板4上通过磁镜像原理实现低轮廓并能够提高辐射效率。
图4为本发明实施例提供的辐射单元的结构示意图，如图4所示，在该实施例中，辐射单元包括四个第一振子和第二振子2，每个第一振子包括电振子1、加载金属圆片3和馈电金属圆柱5，其中，馈电金属圆柱5垂直地安装在接地板4上，加载金属圆片3和馈电金属圆柱5分别设置在电振子1的两端，加载金属圆片3设置为平行于接地板4。第二振子2设置为平行于接地板4，电振子1设置在第二振子2与接地板4之间且垂直于第二振子2。第二振子2可以为磁振子，第一振子和第二振子2可以构成电磁耦合振子辐射单元，电磁耦合馈电具有宽频带特性，因此，本发明各个实施例提供的双极化天线能够作为基站天线应用于各种无线通信系统中。
在一个实施例中，四个第一振子优选地均匀设置在同一个圆的圆周上，接地板4上的每个第一振子具有可变的特性阻抗和阻抗变换效应，四个第一振子能够形成+45°的极化端口和-45°的极化端口。
图5为本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的立体结构示意图，如图5所示，该实施例中的双极化天线与图1示出的实施例提供的双极化天线相比，进一步包括反射壁7、前馈电网络6和后馈电网络8。
其中，辐射单元、馈电网络和接地板4都设置在所述反射壁7包围的空间内。反射壁7能够将部分辐射到四周的电磁波反射到辐射的目标方向，因此，能够进一步改善本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的驻波比并提高方向性。
如图5所示，馈电网络进一步包括固定在馈电金属圆柱5上的前馈电 网络6和后馈电网络8，前馈电网络6设置在接地板4的靠近第二振子2的一侧上，后馈电网络8设置在接地板4的远离第二振子2的一侧上，通过这样的设置能够方便地提供相关漏电、过流、速断等保护。
在一个实施例中，四个第一振子优选地均匀设置在同一个圆的圆周上，馈电网络设置为能够对均匀设置在同一个圆的圆周上的四个第一振子中相互对应的两个第一振子组成的振子对差分馈电，从而形成差分激励。接地板4上的每个第一振子具有可变的特性阻抗和阻抗变换效应，四个第一振子能够形成+45°的极化端口和-45°的极化端口，+45°的极化和-45°的极化的正交性能够保证由此形成的+45°和-45°两副天线之间的隔离度满足互调对天线间隔度的要求，并且空间间隔小，从而减小了本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的空间体积。
在一具体实施例中，通过差分激励还可以有效抑制导体表面上的共模电流，因此，能够提高本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的极化纯度。
在一个实施例中，接地板4优选地设置为方形金属板，反射壁7的底边长与接地板4的周长相等。
图6示出了本发明实施例提供的双极化天线的回波损耗曲线，其中，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz；纵坐标为回波损耗，单位为dB。
回波损耗是表示信号反射性能的参数。回波损耗说明入射功率的一部分被反射回到信号源。工程中一般将回波损耗小于-10dB的频段定义为工作频段。图6具体示出了本发明实施例提供的双极化天线在工作频段为2.5-2.65GHz时的回波损耗曲线，其中，第一端口为+45°的极化端口，第二端口为-45°的极化端口，曲线S(1，1)示出了第二端口匹配时第一端口的回波损耗，曲线S(2，2)示出了第一端口匹配时第二端口的回波损耗。
上述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是、或也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是、或也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地 方，也可以分布到多个网络单元上；可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各实施例中的各功能单元可以全部集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各单元分别单独作为一个单元，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中；上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用硬件加软件功能单元的形式实现。
以上所述，仅为本发明提供的较佳实施例，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本发明实施例中，双极化天线，包括辐射单元、馈电网络和接地板，其中，所述辐射单元，配置为将能量辐射到空间，包括第一振子和第二振子，所述第一振子垂直于所述第二振子，所述第二振子平行于所述接地板，所述第一振子设置在所述第二振子与所述接地板之间，所述馈电网络配置为对所述第一振子馈电，所述第一振子用于形成双极化端口；如此，结构简单、制造成本低，且能适用于各种不同的环境。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种双极化天线，所述天线包括辐射单元、馈电网络和接地板；其中，
    所述辐射单元，配置为将能量辐射到空间，包括第一振子和第二振子，所述第一振子垂直于所述第二振子，所述第二振子平行于所述接地板，所述第一振子设置于所述第二振子与所述接地板之间；
    所述馈电网络，配置为对所述第一振子馈电，所述第一振子用于形成双极化端口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的双极化天线，其中，所述第一振子包括电振子，所述第二振子包括磁振子，所述辐射单元为电磁耦合振子辐射单元。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的双极化天线，其中，所述辐射单元包括四个所述第一振子和一个所述第二振子，四个所述第一振子均匀地设置于同一个圆的圆周上。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的双极化天线，其中，所述第一振子还包括加载金属圆片和馈电金属圆柱，所述加载金属圆片和所述馈电金属圆柱分别设置于所述电振子的两端，所述馈电金属圆柱垂直安装于所述接地板上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的双极化天线，其中，所述加载金属圆片与所述第二振子平行且与所述第二振子的距离等于所述第二振子的厚度。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的双极化天线，其中，所述馈电网络，配置为对四个所述第一振子中相互对应的两个第一振子组成的振子对差分馈电；
    四个所述第一振子用于形成+45°的极化端口和-45°的极化端口。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的双极化天线，其中，所述第二振子为圆环形且外环的周长等于辐射电磁波的波长。
  8. 根据权利要求4至6任一项所述的双极化天线，其中，所述馈电网络包括固定在所述馈电金属圆柱上的前馈电网络和后馈电网络，所述前馈 电网络设置于所述接地板的靠近所述第二振子的一侧上，所述后馈电网络设置于所述接地板的远离所述第二振子的一侧上。
  9. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的双极化天线，其中，所述双极化天线还包括反射壁，所述辐射单元、馈电网络和接地板均设置于所述反射壁包围的空间内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的双极化天线，其中，所述接地板为方形金属板，所述反射壁的底边长与所述接地板的周长相等。
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