WO2016123831A1

WO2016123831A1 - Grinding machine accuracy circular ascending method on basis of hydrostatic pressure spindle part

Info

Publication number: WO2016123831A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/073745
Authority: WO
Inventors: 熊万里
Original assignee: 湖南大学
Priority date: 2015-02-06
Filing date: 2015-03-06
Publication date: 2016-08-11
Also published as: CN104647146A; CN104647146B

Abstract

A grinding machine accuracy circular ascending method on the basis of a hydrostatic pressure spindle part comprises the following steps: S1, using the hydrostatic pressure spindle part as a spindle part of a grinding machine and detecting current limit machining accuracy, which comprises roundness b0, coaxiality c0 and perpendicularity d0, of the grinding machine; S2, presetting circular ascending target machining accuracy, which comprise roundness bm, coaxiality cm and perpendicularity dm, of the grinding machine; S3, machining a new hydrostatic pressure spindle part by the grinding machine and detecting accuracy, which comprises roundness bn, coaxiality cn and perpendicularity dn, of the new hydraulic static spindle part; S4, when bn is equal to b0, cn is equal to c0 and dn is equal to d0, going to the step S5, or else returning to the step S3; S5, replacing the hydrostatic pressure spindle part of the grinding machine with the new hydrostatic pressure spindle part to obtain a new grinding machine, detecting and updating current limit machining accuracy, which comprises roundness b0, coaxiality c0 and perpendicularity d0, of the grinding machine, and completing grinding machine accuracy circular ascending when b0 is less than or equal to bm, c0 is less than or equal to cm and d0 is less than or equal to dm, or else returning to the step S3. The method can increase the grinding machine accuracy.

Description

Grinding machine precision cycle lifting method based on hydrostatic main shaft component

[Technical Field]

The invention relates to an ultra-precision machining technology based on a hydrostatic spindle grinding machine, in particular to a grinding machine precision cycle lifting method based on a hydrostatic main shaft component.

【Background technique】

Ultra-precision machining is an advanced technology that represents the world's manufacturing level and future development trends. It is widely used in the aerospace industry, optical instrument industry, ultra-precision machine tool industry, etc., such as ultra-precision machining of large optical lenses, mobile phones/cameras. Ultra-precision machining of optical lenses, ultra-precision machining of spindle parts for ultra-precision machine tools, ultra-precision machining of key parts of high-performance engines, ultra-precision machining of high-precision bearing ring channels and inner and outer torus surfaces, etc. Machine tools and ultra-precision spindle components.

Ultra-precision machine tools are the basis for equipment for ultra-precision machining. The precision of grinding workpieces by ultra-precision grinding machines is largely determined by the rotation accuracy of the spindle's functional components. For example, the most common internal and external cylindrical grinding machines are used. The main shaft components include cylindrical grinding wheel spindles and internal grinding wheel spindles. , the workpiece headstock spindle.

Since the hydrostatic bearing has a unique "error homogenization effect", the rotation accuracy is much higher than that of the rolling bearing; at the same time, since the liquid medium is not compressible, the bearing capacity and rigidity of the hydrostatic bearing are much higher than that of the hydrostatic bearing; The pressure bearing has been widely used in grinding machines with high requirements for rotation accuracy and high load carrying capacity. At present, hydrostatic bearings are widely used as bearings for the outer cylindrical grinding wheel spindles in internal and external cylindrical grinding machines at home and abroad.

The above-mentioned spindle function components are usually composed of main components such as a main shaft, a bearing and a sleeve, and the accuracy of the spindle, the bearing and the sleeve component directly affect the rotation precision of the assembled spindle component. The precision of the rotation of these parts to the assembled spindle components is mainly reflected in two aspects. First, the dimensional accuracy of the part affects the interference/gap between the sleeve and the front and rear bearings, and the consistency between the front and rear bearings and the main shaft, thereby affecting the coaxiality between the front and rear bearing inner holes. Second, the geometrical tolerance of the part (roundness/cylindricity, perpendicularity) affects the uniformity of the interference/gap fit between the sleeve and the front and rear bearings, and the uniformity of the gap between the front and rear bearings and the main shaft, which in turn affects the final The uniformity of the gap between the front and rear bearings and the main shaft; the roundness of the inner bore of the bearing and the roundness of the main shaft directly affect the rotation accuracy of the main shaft member.

At present, the roundness of the grinding wheel, bearing and main shaft of the domestic and international round grinding machine can reach 0.5-2μm, a few can reach 0.2-0.5μm, the coaxiality can reach 2-5μm, and very few can reach 1- 2 μm. At present, the hydrostatic spindle at home and abroad can achieve a rotation accuracy of 0.5-2μm, and a very small number can reach 0.1-0.5μm.

With the continuous improvement of product precision requirements in the development of modern industry, the existing hydrostatic spindle rotation precision and grinding machine plus It is difficult to meet the needs of precision ultra-precision machining, and it is urgent to find new technologies that can achieve higher precision machining that break through existing processing methods and processing methods.

At present, manufacturers engaged in the manufacture of ultra-precision grinding machines need to purchase ultra-precision hydrostatic spindles in order to ensure the high precision of the parts processed by the grinding machine. However, due to the limitation of the precision of the ultra-precision hydrostatic spindle, coupled with high price and long customized production cycle, the precision improvement cycle and industrialization promotion process of the ultra-precision grinding machine are seriously restricted.

At present, manufacturers engaged in the manufacture of ultra-precision hydrostatic spindles need to purchase ultra-precision grinding machines in order to ensure high machining accuracy of parts such as spindles. Due to the limitation of processing precision of ultra-precision grinding machine, coupled with high price and long customized production cycle, the precision improvement cycle and industrialization promotion process of ultra-precision hydrostatic spindle are severely restricted.

At present, the "error homogenization effect" of hydrostatic bearings is widely used in hydrostatic main shafts, but there is no method for improving the rotational precision of the hydrostatic main shaft and the machining accuracy of the grinding machine by circulating, so as to shorten the ultra-precision hydrostatic main shaft and The precision improvement cycle of ultra-precision grinding machines accelerates the industrialization process.

The development and production of ultra-precision hydrostatic spindles and ultra-precision grinding machines are high-end technologies and are usually not owned by a single company. At the same time, the matching of the hydrostatic main shaft and the ultra-precision grinding machine, the matching of the ultra-precision grinding machine and the key parts of the processing hydrostatic main shaft, in the production of the separate ultra-precision hydrostatic spindle and the production of ultra-precision grinding machines, it is difficult to Implemented in the process of industrialization.

Due to the above-mentioned shortcomings in the development and production of the existing hydrostatic main shaft and ultra-precision grinding machine, the precision level of the existing hydrostatic main shaft and ultra-precision grinding machine is not high enough, the precision improvement period is long, the development and production cycle is long, and the manufacturing cost is high. The industrialization and application of the ultra-precision hydrostatic main shaft and ultra-precision grinding machine are seriously restricted.

[Summary of the Invention]

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a grinding machine precision cycle lifting method based on a hydrostatic main shaft component which can improve the machining precision limit of the grinding machine and is simple and convenient to operate.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A grinding machine precision cycle lifting method based on a hydrostatic main shaft component, comprising the following steps:

S1: detecting the current limit machining precision of the grinding machine by using a hydrostatic main shaft component as a spindle component of the grinding machine, including roundness b ₀ , coaxiality c ₀ and perpendicularity d ₀ ;

S2: The processing accuracy of the cyclic lifting target of the preset grinding machine, including the roundness b _m , the coaxiality c _m and the perpendicularity d _m , b _m =0.1b ₀ ～0.5b ₀ ; c _m =0.1c ₀ ～0.5c ₀ ; d _m =0.1d ₀ ~ 0.5d ₀ ;

S3: processing the new hydrostatic main shaft component with the grinding machine, and performing precision detection on the new hydrostatic main shaft component, including roundness b _n , coaxiality c _n and perpendicularity d _n ;

S4: when b _n = b ₀ , and c _n = c ₀ , and d _n = d ₀ , proceeds to step S5, otherwise returns to step S3;

S5: replacing the hydrostatic spindle component of the grinding machine with a new hydrostatic spindle component to obtain a new grinding machine, detecting and updating the current extreme machining accuracy of the grinding machine, including roundness b ₀ , coaxiality c ₀ And the perpendicularity d ₀ , when b ₀ ≤ b _m , and c ₀ ≤ c _m , and d ₀ ≤ d _m , the grinding machine precision cycle is completed, otherwise returns to step S3.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

The hydrostatic main shaft component comprises a main shaft, a hydrostatic bearing, a sleeve and a bearing seat, and the hydrostatic bearing is provided with two or more, the main shaft is supported by a hydrostatic bearing, and two or more of the liquid static The pressure bearing is divided into a bearing housing and a sleeve, and the bearing housing is installed in the sleeve.

When machining a new hydrostatic spindle component with the grinder, at least one of a spindle, a hydrostatic bearing, a sleeve and a bearing housing is selected for processing.

When machining the spindle, machining the outer circular surface, the outer tapered surface, the inner tapered surface and the end surface of the main shaft; when processing the hydrostatic bearing, processing the outer circular surface, the inner circular surface and the end surface of the hydrostatic bearing; When the sleeve is sleeved, the outer circular surface, the inner circular surface and the end surface of the processing sleeve are processed; when the bearing housing is machined, the outer circular surface, the inner circular surface and the end surface of the bearing housing are machined.

After processing the spindle, detecting the roundness of each circular surface of the main shaft, the coaxiality between the circular surfaces, and the perpendicularity between the circular surfaces and the end surfaces; after processing the hydrostatic bearing, detecting the hydrostatic bearing The roundness of each circular surface, the coaxiality between the circular surfaces, and the perpendicularity between the circular surfaces and the end surfaces; after processing the sleeve, the roundness of each circular surface of the sleeve and the between the circular surfaces are detected. Coaxiality, the perpendicularity between each circular surface and the end surface; after machining the bearing housing, detecting the roundness of each circular surface of the bearing housing, the coaxiality between the circular surfaces, and the vertical between the circular surfaces and the end surfaces degree.

The hydrostatic main shaft component is a cylindrical grinding wheel spindle component, an inner grinding wheel spindle component and a workpiece head frame spindle component.

The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are:

The grinding machine precision cycle lifting method based on the hydrostatic main shaft component of the invention, the hydrostatic main shaft component is used as the main shaft component of the grinding machine, the new hydrostatic main shaft component is processed, and the spindle of the grinding machine is updated with the new hydrostatic main shaft component. Parts, due to the unique "error homogenization effect" of the hydrostatic spindle components, each time the update will increase the machining accuracy of the grinding machine, and the machining accuracy of the grinding machine is no longer obvious after the cycle lifting target machining accuracy is achieved. The influence of the dynamic imbalance of the pressure spindle components and other manufacturing precisions will gradually dominate the influence of the accuracy of the hydrostatic spindle components, thus utilizing the "error equalization effect" specific to the hydrostatic spindle components. Lifting will become more and more difficult; the grinding machine precision cycle lifting method based on the hydrostatic main shaft component of the invention improves the processing precision of the grinding machine, and also obtains a set of high precision hydrostatic main shaft components, or liquid static Press some of the parts in the spindle part.

[Description of the Drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for refining the precision of a grinding machine based on a hydrostatic spindle component of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the outer circumference of the grinding machine spindle.

Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the outer circumference of a hydrostatic bearing for grinding machine.

Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the outer circumference of the grinding machine processing sleeve.

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic view of the outer circle of the bearing housing of the grinding machine.

The numbers in the figure indicate:

1, the main shaft; 2, hydrostatic bearing; 3, sleeve; 4, bearing seat.

【detailed description】

1 shows a flow of an embodiment of a grinding machine precision cycle lifting method based on a hydrostatic spindle component of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

S1: detecting the current limit machining precision of the grinding machine by using a hydrostatic main shaft component as a spindle component of the grinding machine, including roundness b ₀ , coaxiality c ₀ and perpendicularity d ₀ , b ₀ = 3 μm, c ₀ = 10 μm , d ₀ = 5 μm;

S2: The processing accuracy of the cyclic lifting target of the preset grinding machine, including the roundness b _m , the coaxiality c _m and the perpendicularity d _m , b _m =0.1b ₀ ～0.5b ₀ ; c _m =0.1c ₀ ～0.5c ₀ ; d _m = 0.1d ₀ to 0.5d ₀ , b _m = 0.3 to 1.5 μm, c _m = 1 to 5 μm, d _m = 0.5 to 2.5 μm;

In this embodiment, the hydrostatic main shaft component comprises a main shaft 1, a hydrostatic bearing 2, a sleeve 3 and a bearing housing 4, and the hydrostatic bearing 2 is provided with two or more, and the main shaft 1 is supported by the hydrostatic bearing 2, More than one hydrostatic bearing 2 is divided into the bearing housing 4 and the sleeve 3, and the bearing housing 4 is installed in the sleeve 3. When the new hydrostatic main shaft component is processed by the grinding machine, the main shaft 1 and the hydrostatic pressure are selected. At least one of the bearing 2, the sleeve 3 and the bearing housing 4 is processed. In this embodiment, all of the above parts are selected for processing.

In the present embodiment, when the spindle 1 is machined, the outer circular surface of the spindle 1 (shown in FIG. 2), the outer tapered surface, the inner tapered surface and the end surface are processed; when the hydrostatic bearing 2 is processed, the hydrostatic bearing is processed. The outer circular surface of 2 (shown in Figure 3), the inner circular surface and the end surface; when the sleeve 3 is machined, the outer circular surface of the processing sleeve 3 (shown in Figure 4), the inner circular surface and the end surface; When the bearing housing 4 is machined, the outer circular surface of the bearing housing 4 (shown in FIG. 5), the inner circular surface and the end surface; after processing the main shaft 1, the roundness of each circular surface of the main shaft 1 and the same between the circular surfaces are detected. The axial degree, the perpendicularity between each circular surface and the end surface; after processing the hydrostatic bearing 2, the roundness of each circular surface of the hydrostatic bearing 2, the coaxiality between the circular surfaces, the respective circular faces and The perpendicularity between the end faces; after processing the sleeve 3, the roundness of each circular surface of the sleeve 3, the concentricity between the circular faces, The perpendicularity between each circular surface and the end surface; after machining the bearing housing 4, the circularity of each circular surface of the bearing housing 4, the coaxiality between the circular surfaces, and the perpendicularity between the circular surfaces and the end surfaces are detected.

In this embodiment, the hydrostatic main shaft component is a cylindrical grinding wheel spindle component, an inner grinding wheel spindle component, and a workpiece head frame spindle component. After each spindle component passes through three machining-replacement cycles, the machining accuracy of the grinding machine reaches: b ₀ = 0.2 μm, c ₀ =1 μm, d ₀ = 0.5 μm, satisfies b ₀ ≤ b _m , and c ₀ ≤ c _m , and d ₀ ≤ d _m .

After in-depth theoretical research and engineering experiments, it is found that the oil film of the hydrostatic bearing has an "error homogenization effect", for example, a hydrostatic bearing with a circular hole of 5 μm and a spindle with an outer circularity of 3 μm. The hydrostatic spindle component can achieve a rotation accuracy of less than 1 μm or even higher. The hydrostatic spindle component with high rotation accuracy can be used as a spindle component of the grinding machine to further machine parts with higher roundness and spindles. Further, the rotation precision of the hydrostatic main shaft component is further improved, and the precision of the machined parts is further improved. According to this idea, the accuracy of the hydrostatic spindle and the machining accuracy of the grinding machine can be cyclically increased. Taking the roundness accuracy of the hydrostatic main shaft as an example, the rotation accuracy of the hydrostatic main shaft component can usually be increased to one-third to one-tenth of the roundness of the hydrostatic main shaft. When the roundness of the hydrostatic main shaft reaches 0.1 μm, the rotational accuracy of the hydrostatic main shaft component can theoretically reach 10 nm to 33 nm. At present, in the industrial field of grinding machines, the rotational precision of hydrostatic spindle components is generally around 1 μm to 3 μm, and there is a large room for improvement in the rotational accuracy of the hydrostatic main shaft components and the machining accuracy of the grinding machine.

While the invention has been described above in the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention by using the above-disclosed technical contents, or modify the equivalent implementation of equivalent changes without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention. example. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications to the above embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

A grinding machine precision cycle lifting method based on a hydrostatic main shaft component, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

S1: detecting the current limit machining precision of the grinding machine by using a hydrostatic main shaft component as a spindle component of the grinding machine, including roundness b 0 , coaxiality c 0 and perpendicularity d 0 ;

S2: The processing accuracy of the cyclic lifting target of the preset grinding machine, including the roundness b m , the coaxiality c m and the perpendicularity d m , b m =0.1b 0 ～0.5b 0 ; c m =0.1c 0 ～0.5c 0 ; d m =0.1d 0 ~ 0.5d 0 ;

S3: processing the new hydrostatic main shaft component with the grinding machine, and performing precision detection on the new hydrostatic main shaft component, including roundness b n , coaxiality c n and perpendicularity d n ;

S4: when b n = b 0 , and c n = c 0 , and d n = d 0 , proceeds to step S5, otherwise returns to step S3;

S5: replacing the hydrostatic spindle component of the grinding machine with a new hydrostatic spindle component to obtain a new grinding machine, detecting and updating the current extreme machining accuracy of the grinding machine, including roundness b 0 , coaxiality c 0 And the perpendicularity d 0 , when b 0 ≤ b m , and c 0 ≤ c m , and d 0 ≤ d m , the grinding machine precision cycle is completed, otherwise returns to step S3.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydrostatic main shaft component comprises a main shaft (1), a hydrostatic bearing (2), and a sleeve (3). And a bearing housing (4), the hydrostatic bearing (2) is provided with two or more, the main shaft (1) is supported by a hydrostatic bearing (2), and two or more of the hydrostatic bearings (2) Disassembled in the bearing housing (4) and the sleeve (3), the bearing housing (4) is installed in the sleeve (3).
A grinding machine precision cycle lifting method based on a hydrostatic main shaft component according to claim 2, wherein when the new hydrostatic main shaft component is machined by the grinding machine, the main shaft (1) and the hydrostatic bearing are selected ( 2), at least one of the sleeve (3) and the bearing housing (4) is machined.
The grinding machine precision cycle lifting method based on a hydrostatic main shaft component according to claim 3, wherein when machining the main shaft (1), the outer circular surface, the outer tapered surface and the inner cone of the machining main shaft (1) are processed. Face and end face; when machining hydrostatic bearing (2), machining the outer, inner and inner faces of the hydrostatic bearing (2); when machining the sleeve (3), machining the sleeve (3) The outer circular surface, the inner circular surface and the end surface; when the bearing housing (4) is machined, the outer circular surface, the inner circular surface and the end surface of the bearing housing (4) are machined.
The grinding machine precision cycle lifting method based on a hydrostatic main shaft component according to claim 4, characterized in that after processing the main shaft (1), the roundness of each round surface of the main shaft (1) and each round surface are detected. The coaxiality between the circular surfaces and the end faces; after processing the hydrostatic bearing (2), the roundness of each circular surface of the hydrostatic bearing (2) and the same between the circular faces are detected. Axiality, perpendicularity between each round face and end face; after machining sleeve (3), inspection The roundness of each circular surface of the sleeve (3), the coaxiality between the circular surfaces, and the perpendicularity between the circular surfaces and the end surfaces; after machining the bearing housing (4), detecting the rounds of the bearing housing (4) The roundness of the surface, the coaxiality between the circular surfaces, and the perpendicularity between the circular surfaces and the end surfaces.
The grinding machine precision cycle lifting method based on a hydrostatic main shaft component according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hydrostatic main shaft component is an outer cylindrical grinding wheel spindle component and an inner circular grinding wheel spindle Parts and workpiece headstock spindle components.