WO2016120943A1 - Method for producing molten iron using electric furnace - Google Patents
Method for producing molten iron using electric furnace Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016120943A1 WO2016120943A1 PCT/JP2015/006381 JP2015006381W WO2016120943A1 WO 2016120943 A1 WO2016120943 A1 WO 2016120943A1 JP 2015006381 W JP2015006381 W JP 2015006381W WO 2016120943 A1 WO2016120943 A1 WO 2016120943A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- burner
- injection pipe
- scrap
- electric furnace
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/22—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing molten iron by melting iron scrap in an electric furnace equipped with an auxiliary burner.
- auxiliary combustion burner for example, in Patent Document 1, oxygen gas for scattering of incombustibles and cutting of iron-based scrap is ejected from the center, and fuel is further supplied from the outer periphery of the oxygen gas.
- a burner having a triple tube structure is described for injecting combustion oxygen gas from the outer periphery, and in order to increase the velocity of oxygen gas ejected from the center, the tip of the oxygen gas ejection tube in the center is described.
- a high-speed electric furnace for electric furnaces that has a constricted portion and has swirl vanes installed in an annular space formed by a fuel jet pipe and a combustion oxygen gas jet pipe to impart a swirling force to the combustion oxygen gas jetted from the outermost periphery.
- a pure oxygen-assisted burner has been proposed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an auxiliary burner in which the length of the flame can be adjusted by changing the ratio of the cutting oxygen gas supply amount and the combustion oxygen gas supply amount at the center.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems of the prior art and to melt iron-based scrap in an electric furnace equipped with an auxiliary combustion burner to obtain molten iron when the technique of Patent Document 2 is used. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing molten iron that can efficiently heat or melt iron-based scrap with an auxiliary burner without causing a problem.
- the present inventors focused attention on the fuel used for the auxiliary burner, and obtained the idea of adjusting the length of the burner flame by properly using different types of fuel, and repeated studies. As a result, the inventors have a difference in the flame length depending on the ignition temperature and combustion speed of the fuel. For this reason, two or more kinds of fuels having different ignition temperatures or / and combustion speeds are used. It has been found that the flame length can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the fuel ratio.
- a method for producing molten iron using an electric furnace characterized in that, in the production method of [1], two or more kinds of fuels selected from gaseous fuel, liquid fuel and solid fuel are used.
- a plurality of injection tubes arranged concentrically, a solid fuel is injected from a central injection tube, and an injection tube outside the central injection tube A method for producing molten iron using an electric furnace, comprising using an auxiliary burner for injecting gaseous fuel from a gas and further injecting combustion-supporting gas from an outer injection pipe.
- a plurality of injection pipes arranged concentrically are provided, cutting oxygen is injected from a central injection pipe, and injection is performed outside the injection pipe.
- a method for producing molten iron by an electric furnace comprising using an auxiliary burner for injecting solid fuel from a pipe, further injecting gaseous fuel from an outer injection pipe, and further injecting supporting gas from the outer injection pipe .
- An electric furnace for melting iron scrap and obtaining molten iron having a plurality of concentric injection pipes, injecting solid fuel from a central injection pipe
- An electric furnace comprising an auxiliary combustion burner for injecting gaseous fuel from an injection pipe and further injecting combustion-supporting gas from an outer injection pipe.
- An electric furnace for melting iron-based scrap to obtain molten iron having a plurality of concentric injection pipes, and injecting cutting oxygen from a central injection pipe
- the present invention when heating or melting iron-based scrap in an electric furnace using an auxiliary combustion burner, two or more kinds of fuels having different ignition temperatures or / and combustion rates are used, and the auxiliary combustion burner and the auxiliary combustion burner are used.
- the flame length of the auxiliary burner can be adjusted arbitrarily by changing the ratio of the two or more types of fuel according to the distance from the iron scrap to be heated or melted, and the iron scrap can be efficiently heated or melted. can do. For this reason, it is possible to save power consumption and shorten the operation time.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional side view showing an example of an auxiliary combustion burner used in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part A in FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an example of the implementation status of the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows the ratio of the solid fuel in the fuel and the flame temperature in the test in which the gas temperature (LPG) and the solid fuel (pulverized coal) were used as the fuel for the auxiliary burner and the flame temperature was measured by changing the ratio between them. It is a graph which shows the result of having investigated the relationship.
- LPG gas temperature
- the solid fuel pulverized coal
- the present invention is a method of obtaining molten iron by melting iron-based scrap (hereinafter simply referred to as “scrap” for convenience of explanation) in an electric furnace equipped with an auxiliary combustion burner, and as an auxiliary combustion burner fuel, an ignition temperature or / and Two or more kinds of fuels having different combustion rates are used, and the ratio of the two or more kinds of fuels is changed according to the distance between the auxiliary burner and the scrap to be heated or melted by the auxiliary burner.
- the flame length varies depending on the ignition temperature and combustion speed of the fuel used for the auxiliary burner.
- the flame length of the auxiliary burner (at a position away from the burner by a certain distance).
- the flame temperature can be adjusted arbitrarily.
- the ignition temperature of coal is about 400 to 600 ° C., and that it is necessary to maintain this ignition temperature and to increase the temperature to the ignition temperature.
- the temperature raising time to the ignition temperature depends on the particle size (specific surface area), and if the particles are made fine, the ignition time can be shortened. However, it is difficult to make solid combustion faster than gas combustion.
- the present invention controls the flame length of the auxiliary burner using the difference in the ignition temperature or the combustion speed of the fuel as described above.
- fuels having greatly different ignition temperatures include combinations of fuels having different phases (gas phase, liquid phase, solid phase). That is, it is a combination of two or more kinds of fuels selected from gaseous fuel, liquid fuel, and solid fuel.
- the ignition temperature of these fuels is generally solid fuel> liquid fuel> gaseous fuel.
- gaseous fuel and solid fuel are used for the auxiliary burner
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- coal pulverized coal
- pure oxygen is used as the combustion support gas.
- the above principle is applicable to combinations of other fuels with different ignition temperatures.
- gaseous fuel for example, LNG
- liquid fuel for example, heavy oil, kerosene, etc.
- a short flame is produced. It becomes a long flame.
- solid fuel eg, coal, etc.
- Fuels with greatly different combustion rates include some of the above-mentioned combinations of fuels with different ignition temperatures (for example, a combination of gaseous fuel and solid fuel, gaseous fuel and liquid fuel). And a combination of LNG and hydrogen.
- the fuel burning speed in the burner is a speed at which the fuel burns in the direction opposite to the fuel supply direction. In general, the burning speed of fuels having different phases is gas fuel> liquid fuel> solid fuel.
- the ratio of the fuel having a high combustion rate for example, gaseous fuel such as LNG
- the fuel having a low combustion rate for example, solid fuel such as coal
- the position close to the burner tip becomes high (that is, If the ratio of the fuel having a low combustion rate is higher than that of the fuel having a high combustion rate, the temperature becomes high even at a position far from the burner tip (that is, a long flame). Therefore, the flame length (flame temperature at a position away from the burner by a certain distance) can be controlled by changing the ratio of both fuels.
- the distance between the auxiliary burner and the scrap changes due to the charging, additional charging and melting of the scrap.
- the distance between the auxiliary burner and the scrap is small at the start of operation or in the initial stage of addition, and increases with the progress of melting of the scrap. This is because the distance from the undissolved scrap to the auxiliary burner increases with the progress of melting of the scrap because the scrap is first melted in order from the scrap closest to the auxiliary burner.
- the fuel for the auxiliary burner two or more kinds of fuels having different ignition temperatures or / and combustion rates are used, and depending on the distance between the auxiliary burner and the scrap to be heated or melted by the auxiliary burner, The flame length of the auxiliary burner is adjusted (changed) by changing the ratio of two or more types of fuel so that the flame of the auxiliary burner reaches the scrap regardless of the distance between the scrap and the auxiliary burner.
- the ratio of two or more kinds of fuels is changed according to the distance between the auxiliary burner and the scrap, but only one kind of fuel is temporarily used during the operation ( Supply).
- gaseous fuel and solid fuel are used, and the ratio of both fuels is: gaseous fuel: more than 0% to 100% or less (for example, 10 to 100%), solid fuel: 0% to less than 100% (for example, 0 to 90%) This includes cases where the range is changed.
- the fuel ratio (%) is an energy standard ratio.
- the solid fuel ratio is 90% and the gaseous fuel ratio is 10%
- the output is 1000 Mcal / h
- the solid fuel for 900 Mcal / h and the gaseous fuel for 100 Mcal / h are to be input. It is.
- the fuel that can be used for the auxiliary burner in the present invention includes, as gaseous fuel, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), LNG (liquefied natural gas), hydrogen, steelworks byproduct gas (C gas, B gas, etc.), and these two types
- LPG liquefied petroleum gas
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- hydrogen steelworks byproduct gas
- C gas, B gas, etc. steelworks byproduct gas
- examples of the liquid fuel include heavy oil and kerosene, and one or more of these can be used.
- examples of the solid fuel include coal (pulverized coal), plastic (particulate or powdery, including waste plastic), and one or more of these can be used.
- gaseous fuel for example, LNG, LPG, hydrogen, steelworks byproduct gas, a mixture of two or more of these
- a solid fuel for example, one or more of coal, plastic
- gaseous fuel for example, LNG, LPG, hydrogen, steelworks by-product gas, two or more of these
- a combination of one or more of a mixed gas and a liquid fuel (eg, one or more of heavy oil or kerosene), a liquid fuel (eg, one or more of heavy oil or kerosene) and a solid fuel (eg, coal , A combination of one or more of plastic), a combination of gaseous fuel (one or more of LNG and LPG) and gaseous fuel (hydrogen), and the like.
- three or more kinds of fuels having different ignition temperatures and / or combustion rates may be used for the auxiliary
- a laser distance meter is installed in the auxiliary combustion burner, and the distance to the scrap can be measured by this laser distance meter.
- the situation in the furnace can be observed with a monitoring camera through a window such as a discharge port.
- the distance to the scrap can be grasped by observation in the furnace with the monitoring camera.
- information useful for grasping the distance may be obtained from the operation data.
- pure oxygen industrial oxygen
- oxygen-enriched air or air may be used as a supporting gas for the auxiliary burner, but it is preferable to use pure oxygen when dissolving scrap.
- FIG. 1 to 4 show an example of an auxiliary combustion burner used in the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a partial sectional side view
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of part A in FIG. 1
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.
- the main part for supplying fuel and supporting gas has a triple pipe structure in which three pipes are arranged concentrically. That is, this triple pipe structure is composed of a first fuel injection pipe 1 at the center, a second fuel injection pipe 2 arranged on the outside thereof, and a combustion support gas injection pipe 3 arranged on the outside thereof. ing.
- the interior of the first fuel injection pipe 1 constitutes a fuel flow path 10, and the space between the second fuel injection pipe 2 and the first fuel injection pipe 1 constitutes a fuel flow path 20, and supports fuel
- the space between the gas injection pipe 3 and the second fuel injection pipe 2 constitutes a combustion support gas flow path 30.
- a tube 4 and a tube 5 for forming a cooling water flow path are arranged concentrically outside the combustion support gas injection tube 3, and a space between the tube 4 and the tube 5.
- the cooling water flow path 50 (outward path) is formed in the section, and the cooling water flow path 40 (return path) is formed in the space between the tube body 4 and the combustion supporting gas injection pipe 3, respectively.
- 40 and 50 communicate 13 on the burner tip side.
- a tip member 6 having a cone-shaped (conical surface) inner peripheral surface 60 is attached to the tip of the burner, and the tip of the first fuel injection pipe 1 is opened at the center of the inner peripheral surface 60 to inject the fuel.
- a hole 12 is formed.
- the tip member 6 is formed with a plurality of injection holes 22 that open at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral surface 60 and communicate with the fuel flow path 20.
- a plurality of injection holes 32 that open at intervals along the circumferential direction of the 60 and communicate with the combustion support gas flow path 30 are formed.
- the pipe body 5 On the rear end side of the burner, the pipe body 5 is provided with a supply port 51 for supplying cooling water to the cooling water flow path 50 (outward path). Similarly, the pipe body 4 is provided with a drain port 41 for discharging the cooling water from the cooling water flow path 40 (return path). Similarly, the support gas injection pipe 3 is provided with a supply port 31 for supplying support gas to the support gas passage 30. Similarly, the second fuel injection pipe 2 is provided with a supply port 21 for supplying fuel to the fuel flow path 20. Similarly, the first fuel injection pipe 1 is provided with a supply port 11 for supplying fuel to the fuel flow path 10. In addition, in the combustion support gas flow path 30, you may provide the swirl
- the plurality of injection holes 22 and the injection holes 32 are provided in the tip member 6 provided so as to close the tips of the second fuel injection pipe 2 and the combustion support gas injection pipe 3.
- the front ends of the fuel injection pipe 2 and the combustion support gas injection pipe 3 may be opened, and the open front ends may be used as the injection holes 22 and 32 (both ring-shaped injection holes).
- an oxygen supply pipe may be provided inside the first fuel injection pipe 1 and cutting oxygen gas may be injected from the oxygen supply pipe at the center.
- solid fuel such as pulverized coal
- first fuel injection pipe 1 fuel passage 10
- gas fuel LPG or LNG, etc.
- combustion support gas such as pure oxygen is supplied from the combustion support gas injection pipe 3 (fuel support gas flow path 30). Is done.
- solid fuel is injected from the injection hole 12
- gaseous fuel is injected from the injection hole 22
- combustion-supporting gas is injected from the injection hole 32, and they are mixed to cause combustion.
- the flame length can be adjusted by changing the supply ratio of the solid fuel and the gaseous fuel according to the distance between the burner tip and the scrap. For this reason, regardless of the distance between the burner tip and the scrap, the scrap can be efficiently and appropriately melted or heated.
- the first fuel injection pipe 1 (fuel flow path 10) and the second fuel injection pipe 2 (fuel flow path 20) have different combinations of fuels (for example, solid fuel and liquid as mentioned above). A combination of fuels, a combination of liquid fuel and gaseous fuel, etc.) may be supplied.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows an example of the implementation status of the method according to the present invention (vertical cross section in the radial direction of the electric furnace), where 7 is a furnace body, 8 is an electrode, 9 is an auxiliary burner, and x is scrap. .
- the auxiliary burner 9 is installed with an appropriate depression angle. Usually, a plurality of such auxiliary burners 9 are installed so that scrap in a so-called cold spot in the electric furnace can be heated or melted.
- auxiliary combustion burner having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 to 4
- two types of fuels having different ignition temperatures were used, and the burner flame temperature was measured.
- the burner output is 30 Mcal / h.
- LPG gaseous fuel
- pulverized coal solid fuel
- the solid fuel ratio was 10% and 50%, and the flame temperature at 0.2 m and 0.4 m from the tip of the burner was measured using an optical fiber thermometer and an R-type thermocouple.
- Fig. 6 shows the relationship between the solid fuel ratio in the fuel and the flame temperature.
- the flame temperature at the 0.2 m position in the vicinity of the burner is high, but a rapid temperature drop occurs at the 0.4 m position. That is, the flame length is short.
- the flame temperature at the 0.2 m position near the burner is lower than that of the gaseous fuel (LPG) 100%. No temperature drop has occurred. That is, the flame length is long. This is because gas fuel (LPG) burns preferentially in the vicinity of the burner, and solid fuel (pulverized coal) heated to a high temperature within the flame starts to burn at a position of 0.4 m and the temperature is maintained. It is done.
- the solid fuel (pulverized coal) ratio was set to 50% due to the burner output.
- the higher the output the larger the flame and the higher the solid fuel (pulverized coal) ratio.
- the flame length flame temperature at a certain distance from the burner
- the charging of scraps is performed about 2 to 3 times. The operation of the electric furnace begins with the start of energization and the start of use of the auxiliary burner after the initial scrap is charged.
- the melting proceeds from the scrap that is in contact with the molten iron, near the electrodes, and near the auxiliary burner.
- the scrap in the vicinity of the auxiliary burner is always at a distance of about 0.5 m as the scrap at the upper part of the scrap is melted and drops at the initial stage of scrap charging, but the distance from the scrap becomes longer when the upper scrap disappears. If the distance from the scrap increases, the heat of the auxiliary burner cannot be efficiently supplied to the scrap. Therefore, conventionally, an operation to stop the auxiliary burner has been performed.
- the operation to which the present invention is applied for example, in the auxiliary burner shown in FIGS.
- the distance between scrap and auxiliary burner can be measured with a laser rangefinder attached to the auxiliary burner. Information may be obtained.
- the flame of the auxiliary burner reaches the molten iron by increasing the ratio of pulverized coal and maximizing the flame length. It is also possible.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、このような鉄系スクラップの溶解速度の不均一性を解消し、炉内全体の鉄系スクラップをバランス良く溶解させるべく、コールドスポットの位置に助燃バーナーを設置し、この助燃バーナーでコールドスポットに位置する鉄系スクラップの予熱、切断、溶解を行う方法が採られるようになってきた。 When melting iron-based scrap using an electric furnace, the iron-based scrap around the electrode dissolves quickly, but the iron-based scrap away from the electrode, that is, in the cold spot, dissolves slowly. Non-uniformity occurs in the melting rate of the system scrap. For this reason, the operation time of the entire furnace was limited to the melting rate of cold scrap iron-based scrap.
Therefore, in order to eliminate such non-uniformity in the melting rate of iron scrap and to dissolve the iron scrap in the entire furnace in a well-balanced manner, an auxiliary burner is installed at the cold spot, and the cold spot is used with this auxiliary burner. A method of preheating, cutting and melting iron-based scrap located in the area has been adopted.
そこで、特許文献2では、中心部のカッティング用酸素ガス供給量と燃焼用の酸素ガス供給量の比を変化させて火炎の長さを調整できるようにした助燃バーナーが示されている。 Even if the burner described in
Therefore,
[1]助燃バーナーを備えた電気炉において鉄系スクラップを溶解し、溶鉄を得る方法であって、助燃バーナーの燃料として、着火温度又は/及び燃焼速度が異なる2種以上の燃料を用い、助燃バーナーと、該助燃バーナーで加熱又は溶解しようとする鉄系スクラップとの距離に応じて、前記2種以上の燃料の比率を変えることを特徴とする電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。
[2]上記[1]の製造方法において、気体燃料、液体燃料、固体燃料のうちの2種以上の燃料を用いることを特徴とする電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。
[3]上記[2]の製造方法において、少なくとも気体燃料と固体燃料を用いることを特徴とする電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。 The present invention has been made on the basis of such knowledge and has the following gist.
[1] A method of melting molten iron scrap in an electric furnace equipped with an auxiliary burner to obtain molten iron, using two or more types of fuels with different ignition temperatures and / or burning rates as auxiliary burner fuel. A method for producing molten iron using an electric furnace, wherein the ratio of the two or more fuels is changed according to the distance between the burner and the iron scrap to be heated or melted by the auxiliary burner.
[2] A method for producing molten iron using an electric furnace, characterized in that, in the production method of [1], two or more kinds of fuels selected from gaseous fuel, liquid fuel and solid fuel are used.
[3] A method for producing molten iron using an electric furnace, wherein at least gaseous fuel and solid fuel are used in the production method of [2].
[5]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかの製造方法において、同芯状に配された複数の噴射管を有し、中心の噴射管からカッティング用酸素を噴射し、その外側の噴射管から固体燃料を噴射し、さらにその外側の噴射管から気体燃料を噴射し、さらにその外側の噴射管から支燃ガスを噴射する助燃バーナーを用いることを特徴とする電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。 [4] In the manufacturing method according to any one of [1] to [3], a plurality of injection tubes arranged concentrically, a solid fuel is injected from a central injection tube, and an injection tube outside the central injection tube A method for producing molten iron using an electric furnace, comprising using an auxiliary burner for injecting gaseous fuel from a gas and further injecting combustion-supporting gas from an outer injection pipe.
[5] In the manufacturing method according to any one of [1] to [3], a plurality of injection pipes arranged concentrically are provided, cutting oxygen is injected from a central injection pipe, and injection is performed outside the injection pipe. A method for producing molten iron by an electric furnace, comprising using an auxiliary burner for injecting solid fuel from a pipe, further injecting gaseous fuel from an outer injection pipe, and further injecting supporting gas from the outer injection pipe .
[7]鉄系スクラップを溶解し、溶鉄を得るための電気炉であって、同芯状に配された複数の噴射管を有し、中心の噴射管からカッティング用酸素を噴射し、その外側の噴射管から固体燃料を噴射し、さらにその外側の噴射管から気体燃料を噴射し、さらにその外側の噴射管から支燃ガスを噴射する助燃バーナーを備えることを特徴とする電気炉。 [6] An electric furnace for melting iron scrap and obtaining molten iron, having a plurality of concentric injection pipes, injecting solid fuel from a central injection pipe, An electric furnace comprising an auxiliary combustion burner for injecting gaseous fuel from an injection pipe and further injecting combustion-supporting gas from an outer injection pipe.
[7] An electric furnace for melting iron-based scrap to obtain molten iron, having a plurality of concentric injection pipes, and injecting cutting oxygen from a central injection pipe An electric furnace comprising an auxiliary combustion burner for injecting solid fuel from an injection tube of the gas, further injecting gaseous fuel from an outer injection tube, and injecting combustion-supporting gas from the outer injection tube.
助燃バーナーに用いる燃料の着火温度や燃焼速度によって、火炎長さに違いが生じる。このため、着火温度又は/及び燃焼速度が異なる2種以上の燃料を用い、この2種以上の燃料の比率を変えることにより、助燃バーナーの火炎長さ(バーナーからある距離だけ離れた位置での火炎温度)を任意に調整することができる。 The present invention is a method of obtaining molten iron by melting iron-based scrap (hereinafter simply referred to as “scrap” for convenience of explanation) in an electric furnace equipped with an auxiliary combustion burner, and as an auxiliary combustion burner fuel, an ignition temperature or / and Two or more kinds of fuels having different combustion rates are used, and the ratio of the two or more kinds of fuels is changed according to the distance between the auxiliary burner and the scrap to be heated or melted by the auxiliary burner.
The flame length varies depending on the ignition temperature and combustion speed of the fuel used for the auxiliary burner. For this reason, by using two or more kinds of fuels having different ignition temperatures or / and burning speeds and changing the ratio of these two or more kinds of fuels, the flame length of the auxiliary burner (at a position away from the burner by a certain distance). The flame temperature can be adjusted arbitrarily.
助燃バーナーを用いて可燃性物質として気体を燃焼させた場合、酸素濃度や流速やバーナーチップ形状に依存するが、一般的に気体はバーナー先端から噴射された直後に即座に燃焼する。これに対して、可燃性物質として石炭に代表される固体燃料を用いる場合、気体のように早く燃焼させるのは困難である。これは、石炭の着火温度が400~600℃程度であり、この着火温度を維持することと、着火温度までの昇温時間が必要であることに起因する。着火温度までの昇温時間は粒径(比表面積)に依存し、粒子を細かくすれば、着火時間を短くすることはできる。しかし、固体の燃焼を気体の燃焼よりも早くすることは難しい。 As elements necessary for combustion, there are three elements of a combustible substance, oxygen, and temperature (fire source). Moreover, as the state of the combustible substance, the ease of combustion is in the order of gas, liquid, and solid. This is because, in a gaseous state, mixing of the combustible substance with oxygen and temperature (fire source) is easy, and continuation of combustion (chain reaction) is performed.
When gas is burned as a flammable substance using an auxiliary burner, the gas generally burns immediately immediately after being injected from the tip of the burner, depending on the oxygen concentration, flow velocity, and burner tip shape. On the other hand, when a solid fuel typified by coal is used as a combustible substance, it is difficult to burn it quickly like a gas. This is due to the fact that the ignition temperature of coal is about 400 to 600 ° C., and that it is necessary to maintain this ignition temperature and to increase the temperature to the ignition temperature. The temperature raising time to the ignition temperature depends on the particle size (specific surface area), and if the particles are made fine, the ignition time can be shortened. However, it is difficult to make solid combustion faster than gas combustion.
まず、助燃バーナーの燃料として着火温度が異なる2種以上の燃料を用いる場合について説明する。
着火温度が大きく異なる燃料としては、相(気相、液相、固相)が異なる燃料どうしの組み合わせが挙げられる。すなわち、気体燃料、液体燃料、固体燃料の中から選ばれる2種以上の燃料の組み合わせである。なお、これら燃料の着火温度は、一般的には固体燃料>液体燃料>気体燃料である。
以下、助燃バーナーに気体燃料と固体燃料を用い、気体燃料としてLNG(液化天然ガス)、固体燃料として石炭(微粉炭)、支燃ガスとして純酸素を使用する場合について説明する。 The present invention controls the flame length of the auxiliary burner using the difference in the ignition temperature or the combustion speed of the fuel as described above.
First, a case where two or more kinds of fuels having different ignition temperatures are used as fuel for the auxiliary combustion burner will be described.
Examples of fuels having greatly different ignition temperatures include combinations of fuels having different phases (gas phase, liquid phase, solid phase). That is, it is a combination of two or more kinds of fuels selected from gaseous fuel, liquid fuel, and solid fuel. The ignition temperature of these fuels is generally solid fuel> liquid fuel> gaseous fuel.
Hereinafter, a case will be described in which gaseous fuel and solid fuel are used for the auxiliary burner, LNG (liquefied natural gas) is used as the gaseous fuel, coal (pulverized coal) is used as the solid fuel, and pure oxygen is used as the combustion support gas.
したがって、助燃バーナーで生じる火炎は、石炭よりもLNGの比率が高い時はバーナー先端から近い位置が高温となる(すなわち短い火炎となる)が、LNGよりも石炭の比率を高くすると、石炭の吸熱の後の発熱により、バーナー先端から遠い位置でも高温となる(すなわち長い火炎となる)。したがって、LNGと石炭の比率を変えることで、火炎長さ(バーナーからある距離だけ離れた位置での火炎温度)を制御することができる。 When LNG and coal are used as fuel for the auxiliary combustion burner, a combustion field above the ignition temperature of coal is created by the combustion of LNG and pure oxygen, and the temperature rises to the ignition temperature when coal is sent to this combustion field. Combustion (vaporization → ignition) occurs. The flame temperature decreases with the amount of heat required to increase the coal temperature, but the temperature increases in the region where coal ignition occurs.
Therefore, when the LNG ratio is higher than that of coal, the flame generated by the auxiliary burner has a high temperature near the burner tip (that is, a short flame). However, if the ratio of coal is higher than LNG, the endotherm of coal Due to the subsequent heat generation, a high temperature is obtained even at a position far from the tip of the burner (that is, a long flame is formed). Therefore, by changing the ratio of LNG to coal, the flame length (flame temperature at a position away from the burner by a certain distance) can be controlled.
燃焼速度が大きく異なる燃料としては、上述した着火温度が異なる燃料の組み合わせの一部(例えば、気体燃料と固体燃料、気体燃料と液体燃料の組み合わせ)も含まれるが、その他に、同じ気体燃料どうしのLNGと水素の組み合わせなどが挙げられる。なお、バーナーにおける燃料の燃焼速度とは、燃料の供給方向とは反対に向かって燃料が燃える速度のことである。また、相が異なる燃料の燃焼速度は、一般的には気体燃料>液体燃料>固体燃料である。
この場合には、燃焼速度が小さい燃料(例えば石炭等の固体燃料)よりも燃焼速度が大きい燃料(例えばLNG等の気体燃料)の比率が高い時はバーナー先端から近い位置が高温となる(すなわち短い火炎となる)が、燃焼速度が大きい燃料よりも燃焼速度が小さい燃料の比率を高くすると、バーナー先端から遠い位置でも高温となる(すなわち長い火炎となる)。したがって、両燃料の比率を変えることで、火炎長さ(バーナーからある距離だけ離れた位置での火炎温度)を制御することができる。 Next, a case where two or more kinds of fuels having different combustion rates are used as the fuel for the auxiliary combustion burner will be described.
Fuels with greatly different combustion rates include some of the above-mentioned combinations of fuels with different ignition temperatures (for example, a combination of gaseous fuel and solid fuel, gaseous fuel and liquid fuel). And a combination of LNG and hydrogen. The fuel burning speed in the burner is a speed at which the fuel burns in the direction opposite to the fuel supply direction. In general, the burning speed of fuels having different phases is gas fuel> liquid fuel> solid fuel.
In this case, when the ratio of the fuel having a high combustion rate (for example, gaseous fuel such as LNG) is higher than the fuel having a low combustion rate (for example, solid fuel such as coal), the position close to the burner tip becomes high (that is, If the ratio of the fuel having a low combustion rate is higher than that of the fuel having a high combustion rate, the temperature becomes high even at a position far from the burner tip (that is, a long flame). Therefore, the flame length (flame temperature at a position away from the burner by a certain distance) can be controlled by changing the ratio of both fuels.
また、本発明では、助燃バーナーに着火温度又は/及び燃焼速度が異なる3種以上の燃料を用いてもよい。 Accordingly, when a combination of fuels having different ignition temperatures or / and burning rates used in the auxiliary burner in the present invention is exemplified, gaseous fuel (for example, LNG, LPG, hydrogen, steelworks byproduct gas, a mixture of two or more of these) One or more of gas) and a solid fuel (for example, one or more of coal, plastic), gaseous fuel (for example, LNG, LPG, hydrogen, steelworks by-product gas, two or more of these) A combination of one or more of a mixed gas) and a liquid fuel (eg, one or more of heavy oil or kerosene), a liquid fuel (eg, one or more of heavy oil or kerosene) and a solid fuel (eg, coal , A combination of one or more of plastic), a combination of gaseous fuel (one or more of LNG and LPG) and gaseous fuel (hydrogen), and the like.
In the present invention, three or more kinds of fuels having different ignition temperatures and / or combustion rates may be used for the auxiliary burner.
なお、助燃バーナーの支燃ガスとしては、純酸素(工業用酸素)、酸素富化空気、空気のいずれを用いてもよいが、スクラップを溶解させる場合には純酸素を用いることが好ましい。 In the method of the present invention, it is necessary to grasp the distance between the auxiliary combustion burner and the scrap. For example, a laser distance meter is installed in the auxiliary combustion burner, and the distance to the scrap can be measured by this laser distance meter. Moreover, the situation in the furnace can be observed with a monitoring camera through a window such as a discharge port. Depending on the structure of the electric furnace, the distance to the scrap can be grasped by observation in the furnace with the monitoring camera. In addition, information useful for grasping the distance may be obtained from the operation data.
Note that pure oxygen (industrial oxygen), oxygen-enriched air, or air may be used as a supporting gas for the auxiliary burner, but it is preferable to use pure oxygen when dissolving scrap.
この助燃バーナーにおいて、燃料及び支燃ガス供給用の本体部分は、3つの管体が同芯状に配された3重管構造となっている。すなわち、この3重管構造は、中央部の第1燃料噴射管1と、その外側に配された第2燃料噴射管2と、さらにその外側に配された支燃ガス噴射管3で構成されている。第1燃料噴射管1は、その内部が燃料流路10を構成し、第2燃料噴射管2は、第1燃料噴射管1との間の空間部が燃料流路20を構成し、支燃ガス噴射管3は、第2燃料噴射管2との間の空間部が支燃ガス流路30を構成している。 1 to 4 show an example of an auxiliary combustion burner used in the present invention. FIG. 1 is a partial sectional side view, FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of part A in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.
In this auxiliary burner, the main part for supplying fuel and supporting gas has a triple pipe structure in which three pipes are arranged concentrically. That is, this triple pipe structure is composed of a first
バーナーの先端部には、コーン状(円錐面状)の内周面60を有する先端部材6が取り付けられ、その内周面60の中心部に第1燃料噴射管1の先端が開口し、噴射孔12を構成している。また、先端部材6には、内周面60の周方向に沿って間隔をおいて開口し、燃料流路20に連通する複数の噴射孔22が形成され、さらにその外側には、内周面60の周方向に沿って間隔をおいて開口し、支燃ガス流路30に連通する複数の噴射孔32が形成されている。 Further, a
A
なお、支燃ガス流路30内には、支燃ガスに旋回流を付与するための旋回羽根を設けてもよい。支燃ガスに旋回流を付与することにより、噴射された支燃ガスと燃料との混合を促進できる。
なお、本実施形態では、第2燃料噴射管2、支燃ガス噴射管3の先端を塞ぐように設けられた先端部材6に複数の噴射孔22、噴射孔32を設けているが、第2燃料噴射管2、支燃ガス噴射管3の先端をそれぞれ開放し、この開放先端部を噴射孔22、噴射孔32(いずれもリング状の噴射孔)としてもよい。
また、他の実施形態として、第1燃料噴射管1の内側に酸素供給管を設け、この中心部の酸素供給管からカッティング用酸素ガスを噴射するようにしてもよい。 On the rear end side of the burner, the
In addition, in the combustion support
In the present embodiment, the plurality of injection holes 22 and the injection holes 32 are provided in the
As another embodiment, an oxygen supply pipe may be provided inside the first
なお、第1燃料噴射管1(燃料流路10)と第2燃料噴射管2(燃料流路20)には、上記とは異なる組み合わせの燃料(例えば、さきに挙げたような固体燃料と液体燃料の組み合わせ、液体燃料と気体燃料の組み合わせ等)を供給してもよい。 When carrying out the method of the present invention using the auxiliary combustion burner as described above, for example, solid fuel (such as pulverized coal) is supplied from the first fuel injection pipe 1 (fuel passage 10) as air or nitrogen gas as a carrier gas. Gas fuel (LPG or LNG, etc.) is supplied from the second fuel injection pipe 2 (fuel flow path 20), and combustion support gas such as pure oxygen is supplied from the combustion support gas injection pipe 3 (fuel support gas flow path 30). Is done. Then, solid fuel is injected from the
The first fuel injection pipe 1 (fuel flow path 10) and the second fuel injection pipe 2 (fuel flow path 20) have different combinations of fuels (for example, solid fuel and liquid as mentioned above). A combination of fuels, a combination of liquid fuel and gaseous fuel, etc.) may be supplied.
燃料としては、LPG(気体燃料)と微粉炭(固体燃料)を用いた。微粉炭としては、発熱量が6200kcal/kg、粒度がd(90)=100μmの褐炭を用い、微粉炭搬送用の窒素の流量は1.2Nm3/hとした。
試験は、固体燃料比率を10%及び50%とし、バーナー先端から0.2m及び0.4mでの火炎温度を光ファイバー温度計及びR型熱電対を用いて測定した。 In the auxiliary combustion burner having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, two types of fuels having different ignition temperatures were used, and the burner flame temperature was measured. The burner output is 30 Mcal / h.
As the fuel, LPG (gaseous fuel) and pulverized coal (solid fuel) were used. As the pulverized coal, lignite having a calorific value of 6200 kcal / kg and a particle size of d (90) = 100 μm was used, and the flow rate of nitrogen for conveying the pulverized coal was 1.2 Nm 3 / h.
In the test, the solid fuel ratio was 10% and 50%, and the flame temperature at 0.2 m and 0.4 m from the tip of the burner was measured using an optical fiber thermometer and an R-type thermocouple.
具体的には、電気炉の一般的な操業(1チャージの操業)では、2~3回程度のスクラップの装入が行われる。電気炉の操業は、初回スクラップを装入した後に、通電開始や助燃バーナー使用開始により始まる。操業開始時の状態は、前操業の溶鉄を一部残留させ(湯残し)、下部に溶湯が存在する場合と、前操業の溶鉄全量を出湯させ、炉内が空の場合があるが、操業方法に大きな違いはない。スクラップ装入初期は、嵩密度が高く電気炉内の全体にスクラップが充填されている状況である。したがって、助燃バーナー先端部とスクラップとの距離は近い状態にある。スクラップ装入初期における助燃バーナー先端部とスクラップとの距離は大よそ0.5m程度である。これは、助燃バーナー先端部とスクラップとの距離が近すぎると、スクラップが溶解した時に発生するスプラッシュが助燃バーナーに溶着するのを防止するためである。また、助燃バーナー先端部高さの位置は、炉の特性にもよるが、スクラップ溶け落ち後の湯面高さから1m以上上方であるのが一般的である。 In this test, the solid fuel (pulverized coal) ratio was set to 50% due to the burner output. However, the higher the output, the larger the flame and the higher the solid fuel (pulverized coal) ratio. It is obvious that the flame length (flame temperature at a certain distance from the burner) can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the ratio of gaseous fuel and solid fuel in the electric furnace.
Specifically, in a typical operation of an electric furnace (one charge operation), the charging of scraps is performed about 2 to 3 times. The operation of the electric furnace begins with the start of energization and the start of use of the auxiliary burner after the initial scrap is charged. At the start of operation, some molten iron from the previous operation remains (residual hot water), and there is molten metal in the lower part, or the entire molten iron from the previous operation is discharged and the furnace may be empty. There is no big difference in the method. In the initial stage of scrap charging, the bulk density is high, and the entire interior of the electric furnace is filled with scrap. Therefore, the distance between the tip of the auxiliary burner and the scrap is close. The distance between the tip of the auxiliary burner and the scrap at the initial stage of scrap charging is about 0.5 m. This is to prevent the splash generated when the scrap melts from welding to the auxiliary burner if the distance between the tip of the auxiliary burner and the scrap is too short. Moreover, although the position of the auxiliary | assistant combustion burner front-end | tip part height is based also on the characteristic of a furnace, it is common that it is 1 m or more upwards from the hot-water surface height after scrapped off.
また、スクラップが全て溶け落ちて、フラットバス状態になった場合においても、微粉炭の比率を高くし、火炎長さを最大限にした状態にすることで、助燃バーナーの火炎を溶鉄まで到達させることも可能である。 As described above, the distance between scrap and auxiliary burner can be measured with a laser rangefinder attached to the auxiliary burner. Information may be obtained.
In addition, even if the scraps are all melted down and become a flat bath, the flame of the auxiliary burner reaches the molten iron by increasing the ratio of pulverized coal and maximizing the flame length. It is also possible.
2 第2燃料噴射管
3 支燃ガス噴射管
4,5 管体
6 先端部材
7 炉体
8 電極
9 助燃バーナー
10,20 燃料流路
11,21,31,51 供給口
12,22,32 噴射孔
13 連通部
30 支燃ガス流路
40,50 冷却水用流路
41 排水口
60 内周面
x 鉄系スクラップ
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (7)
- 助燃バーナーを備えた電気炉において鉄系スクラップを溶解し、溶鉄を得る方法であって、
助燃バーナーの燃料として、着火温度又は/及び燃焼速度が異なる2種以上の燃料を用い、助燃バーナーと、該助燃バーナーで加熱又は溶解しようとする鉄系スクラップとの距離に応じて、前記2種以上の燃料の比率を変えることを特徴とする電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。 A method of melting iron scrap in an electric furnace equipped with an auxiliary burner to obtain molten iron,
As the fuel for the auxiliary burner, two or more kinds of fuels having different ignition temperatures or / and burning rates are used, and the two kinds are selected according to the distance between the auxiliary burner and the iron-based scrap to be heated or melted by the auxiliary burner. A method for producing molten iron using an electric furnace, wherein the ratio of the fuel is changed. - 気体燃料、液体燃料、固体燃料のうちの2種以上の燃料を用いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。 The method for producing molten iron using an electric furnace according to claim 1, wherein two or more kinds of fuels of gaseous fuel, liquid fuel, and solid fuel are used.
- 少なくとも気体燃料と固体燃料を用いることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。 The method for producing molten iron using an electric furnace according to claim 2, wherein at least gaseous fuel and solid fuel are used.
- 同芯状に配された複数の噴射管を有し、中心の噴射管から固体燃料を噴射し、その外側の噴射管から気体燃料を噴射し、さらにその外側の噴射管から支燃ガスを噴射する助燃バーナーを用いることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。 It has a plurality of concentric injection pipes, injects solid fuel from the central injection pipe, injects gaseous fuel from the outer injection pipe, and injects combustion support gas from the outer injection pipe The method for producing molten iron using an electric furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an auxiliary combustion burner is used.
- 同芯状に配された複数の噴射管を有し、中心の噴射管からカッティング用酸素を噴射し、その外側の噴射管から固体燃料を噴射し、さらにその外側の噴射管から気体燃料を噴射し、さらにその外側の噴射管から支燃ガスを噴射する助燃バーナーを用いることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。 It has a plurality of concentric injection pipes, injecting cutting oxygen from the central injection pipe, injecting solid fuel from the outer injection pipe, and injecting gaseous fuel from the outer injection pipe The method for producing molten iron using an electric furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising using an auxiliary combustion burner for injecting combustion-supporting gas from an outer injection pipe.
- 鉄系スクラップを溶解し、溶鉄を得るための電気炉であって、
同芯状に配された複数の噴射管を有し、中心の噴射管から固体燃料を噴射し、その外側の噴射管から気体燃料を噴射し、さらにその外側の噴射管から支燃ガスを噴射する助燃バーナーを備えることを特徴とする電気炉。 An electric furnace for melting iron scrap and obtaining molten iron,
It has a plurality of concentric injection pipes, injects solid fuel from the central injection pipe, injects gaseous fuel from the outer injection pipe, and injects combustion support gas from the outer injection pipe An electric furnace comprising an auxiliary combustion burner. - 鉄系スクラップを溶解し、溶鉄を得るための電気炉であって、
同芯状に配された複数の噴射管を有し、中心の噴射管からカッティング用酸素を噴射し、その外側の噴射管から固体燃料を噴射し、さらにその外側の噴射管から気体燃料を噴射し、さらにその外側の噴射管から支燃ガスを噴射する助燃バーナーを備えることを特徴とする電気炉。
An electric furnace for melting iron scrap and obtaining molten iron,
It has a plurality of concentric injection pipes, injecting cutting oxygen from the central injection pipe, injecting solid fuel from the outer injection pipe, and injecting gaseous fuel from the outer injection pipe And an auxiliary combustion burner for injecting combustion-supporting gas from the outer injection pipe.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN114959171A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
JPWO2016120943A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
JP5988014B1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
KR20170096188A (en) | 2017-08-23 |
CN107208974A (en) | 2017-09-26 |
KR102061953B1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
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