WO2016119608A1 - 一种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统 - Google Patents

一种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统 Download PDF

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WO2016119608A1
WO2016119608A1 PCT/CN2016/071353 CN2016071353W WO2016119608A1 WO 2016119608 A1 WO2016119608 A1 WO 2016119608A1 CN 2016071353 W CN2016071353 W CN 2016071353W WO 2016119608 A1 WO2016119608 A1 WO 2016119608A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
power supply
circuit
battery management
management system
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PCT/CN2016/071353
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王浩
徐剑虹
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杭州高特电子设备有限公司
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Priority to US15/547,045 priority Critical patent/US10374445B2/en
Priority to DE112016000501.6T priority patent/DE112016000501T5/de
Publication of WO2016119608A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016119608A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an isolated bidirectional constant current maintenance system based on a power supply of a shared device, and belongs to the field of battery maintenance management.
  • the current maintenance methods are mainly divided into energy consumption methods and non-energy consumption methods.
  • the energy consumption method is to discharge the excess capacity of the single cell with a high remaining capacity through the resistance discharge, thereby making the capacity of each single cell in the battery pack uniform. This method is simple and low in cost, but the principle is that all the single cells are discharged through the resistance to reach the lowest capacity single cell, the working efficiency is extremely low, and the excess power is wasted.
  • Non-energy consumption method has many maintenance methods. There are three main types: the first one is to transfer energy in a single battery step by step, and the high-capacity single-cell battery is gradually transferred to the single-cell battery at the bottom of the capacity. When capacity transfer is required When the number of intermediate cells in the two single cells is large, the maintenance efficiency is greatly reduced.
  • the second method is to charge or discharge the single battery through the one-way isolation maintenance power supply. This method needs to charge or discharge all the single batteries to the same capacity, and the balance efficiency is general, and synchronous charging and discharging maintenance is not supported.
  • the third type is to maintain the battery pack by using the bidirectional maintenance power supply, charge the low capacity single battery, and discharge the high capacity single battery, which is equivalent to transferring the high capacity single battery power to the capacity through two conversions. Low single cell, high efficiency and fast maintenance. However, this method is difficult to implement and costly, and generally requires an external transfer power source to achieve energy balance.
  • the present invention proposes an isolated bidirectional constant current maintenance system based on a power supply of a shared device.
  • the system can maintain the single battery in the battery pack that needs maintenance, maintenance and discharge during the operation of the battery pack, and can simultaneously perform maintenance charging, maintenance and discharge at the same time, thereby effectively ensuring the consistency of the battery pack. Improve the energy efficiency of the battery pack and further extend the life of the battery pack.
  • the solution provided by the system effectively reduces the cost, overcomes the shortcomings of the conventional solution requiring the independent device power supply and the balanced power supply, and the system does not need to provide the device power supply for a long time.
  • the system is in normal operation. It can run independently after running and does not require power supply.
  • the present invention provides an isolated bidirectional constant current maintenance system based on a power supply of a shared device for maintaining a battery pack composed of a single battery, which includes a power supply, an electronic switch K1, a current sensor, a battery management system main controller, a plurality of battery management system slave controllers, the power supply source is connected to the current sensor, the current sensor is respectively connected to the electronic switch K1 and the battery management system main controller, and the electronic switch is respectively connected to the battery management system main controller and a battery management system slave controller, the battery management system main controller is respectively connected to a plurality of battery management systems from the controller, and each battery management system is respectively connected to a battery pack from the controller;
  • the battery management system slave controller comprises a maintenance circuit, a single battery collection circuit and a slave control MCU, and the slave control MCU is respectively connected with the maintenance circuit and the single battery acquisition circuit;
  • the battery management system main controller includes a battery pack acquisition circuit and a main control MCU, the main control MCU is connected to a battery pack acquisition circuit, and the battery pack acquisition circuit is connected to two ends of the battery pack;
  • the maintenance circuit includes a PWM controller, a filter capacitor LL1, a field effect transistor Q1, a transformer T, a field effect transistor Q2, a filter capacitor LL2, a strobe switch K, a signal switching circuit, a driving circuit, and a voltage current sampling feedback circuit.
  • the two ends of the main coil of the transformer T are connected to one end of the filter capacitor LL1 and the drain of the field effect transistor Q1, and the source of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of the filter capacitor LL1 and the ground.
  • the two ends of c and d of the secondary winding of T are respectively connected to one end of the filter capacitor LL2 and the drain of the field effect transistor Q2, and the source of the field effect transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of the filter capacitor LL2 and the voltage current collecting feedback circuit.
  • the gates of the field effect transistor Q1 and the field effect transistor Q2 are respectively connected to the driving circuit, and the a terminal of the main coil of the transformer T and the c terminal of the secondary coil are respectively connected to a voltage current collecting feedback circuit, and both ends of the filtering capacitor LL1 Connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply, respectively, the PWM controller is respectively connected with a voltage and current sampling feedback circuit, a signal switching circuit and a power supply, and the signal switching circuit is connected with the driving circuit.
  • Voltage feedback circuit current detection switch is connected to the gate, the gate switch and the battery pack is connected to the cell;
  • the strobe switch includes a plurality of positive switch K4 and a negative switch K5 corresponding to each single battery, and one end of each positive switch K4 is connected to a voltage current collecting feedback circuit, and the other end is connected to a positive pole of a corresponding single battery One end of each negative switch K5 is connected to the voltage current collecting feedback circuit, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of the corresponding single battery.
  • the PWM controllers in each of the maintenance circuits are respectively in communication with the battery management system main controller.
  • the communication method of the invention can be CAN communication, RS485 communication, GPRS, Wifi, 2.4G, Bluetooth, and the like.
  • the power supply is a switching power supply or a battery energy storage device.
  • the signal switching circuit comprises two single-pole bidirectional switches K2 and K3, one end of the single-pole bidirectional switches K2 and K3 are respectively connected to the PWMA port and the PWMB port of the PWM controller, and the other end of the single-pole bidirectional switches K2 and K3 are connected. Drive circuit.
  • the advantage of this patent is that the whole system does not need continuous or long-term power supply.
  • the power supply can be controlled to be disconnected.
  • the bus power supply balance is achieved through the control of the current sensor and the maintenance circuit charging and discharging maintenance channel.
  • Other system solutions require independent, stable long-term power supplies and the need for a separate, balanced power supply.
  • the entire system can perform maintenance, charging, maintenance and discharge on multiple batteries that need to be maintained at the same time.
  • the PWM signal generated by the PWM controller is sent to the driving circuit of the FET through the signal switching circuit, the driving circuit of the FET drives the FET, and the strobe switch strobes a single cell in the battery module to realize the pair The battery is charged or discharged.
  • the PWM controller generates two PWM signals of PWMA and PWMB, among which PWMA is the main excitation signal, PWMB is the synchronous rectification signal, PWMA signal controls the FET Q1 during charging, PWMB signal controls the FET Q2, and PWMA signal controls the field effect during discharge. Tube Q2, PWMB signal controls FET Q1.
  • the constant current charging or discharging is realized by the voltage and current sampling feedback circuit, and the overvoltage protection is realized by the overvoltage feedback.
  • the isolated bidirectional constant current maintenance system based on the power supply of the shared device has the advantages of small size, low cost, high power conversion efficiency, maintenance bidirectional constant current, low requirements on the power supply, etc. The system can quickly improve the battery utilization rate and effectively extend the system. The life of the battery pack.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an isolated bidirectional constant current maintenance system based on a power supply of a shared device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the maintenance circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a connection circuit diagram of several maintenance circuits according to the present invention.
  • an isolated bidirectional constant current maintenance system based on a power supply of a shared device is used to maintain a battery pack composed of a single battery, which includes a power supply, an electronic switch K1, a current sensor, and a battery management system main controller.
  • a plurality of battery management systems are connected from the controller, the power supply is connected to the current sensor, and the current sensor is respectively connected to the electronic switch K1 and the battery management system main controller, and the electronic switch is respectively connected to the battery management system main controller and the battery management system slave controller
  • the battery management system main controller is separately connected to the plurality of battery management systems from the controller, and each of the battery management systems is respectively connected to one battery pack from the controller.
  • the battery management system slave controller comprises a maintenance circuit, a single battery collection circuit and a slave control MCU; the battery management system main controller comprises a battery pack acquisition circuit and a master control MCU.
  • the slave control MCU is respectively connected to the maintenance circuit and the single battery collection circuit, and the single battery collection circuit is connected to the two ends of the single battery for collecting data such as voltage, current and temperature of the single battery.
  • the main control MCU is connected to a battery pack acquisition circuit, and the battery pack acquisition circuit is connected to two ends of the battery pack for collecting data such as voltage, current, temperature and the like of the entire battery pack.
  • the maintenance circuit includes a PWM controller, a filter capacitor LL1, a field effect transistor Q1, a transformer T, a field effect transistor Q2, a filter capacitor LL2, a gate switch K, a signal switching circuit 1, and a drive.
  • Circuit 2 voltage
  • the current sampling feedback circuit 3 the two ends of the main coil of the transformer T are connected to one end of the filter capacitor LL1 and the drain of the FET Q1, and the source of the FET Q1 is connected to the filter capacitor LL1.
  • the two ends c and d of the secondary winding of the transformer T are respectively connected to one end of the filter capacitor LL2 and the drain of the FET Q2, and the source of the FET Q2 is connected to the other end of the filter capacitor LL2.
  • a voltage and current collecting feedback circuit 3 the gates of the field effect transistor Q1 and the field effect transistor Q2 are respectively connected to the driving circuit 2, and the a terminal of the main coil of the transformer T and the c terminal of the secondary coil are respectively connected with a voltage current collecting feedback circuit 3.
  • the two ends of the filter capacitor LL1 are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply, and the PWM controller is respectively connected to the voltage and current sampling feedback circuit 3, the signal switching circuit 1 and the power supply, and the signal switching circuit 1 Connected to the driving circuit 2, the voltage current collecting feedback circuit 3 is connected to the gate switch, and the gate switch is connected to the battery pack to be tested;
  • the strobe switch includes a plurality of positive switch K4 and a negative switch K5 corresponding to each single battery, and one end of each positive switch K4 is connected to a voltage current collecting feedback circuit, and the other end is connected to a positive pole of a corresponding single battery One end of each negative switch K5 is connected to the voltage current collecting feedback circuit, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of the corresponding single battery.
  • the PWM controllers in each of the maintenance circuits are respectively connected to the battery management system main controller.
  • the power supply is a switching power supply or a battery energy storage device.
  • the signal switching circuit includes two single-pole bidirectional switches K2 and K3. One ends of the single-pole bidirectional switches K2 and K3 are respectively connected to the PWMA port and the PWMB port of the PWM controller, and the other end of the single-pole bidirectional switches K2 and K3 is connected to the driving circuit.
  • the drive circuit controls the activation of the field effect transistors Q1, Q2.
  • the voltage and current acquisition feedback circuit claimed is realized by existing mature technology.
  • PWM controller generates PWMA and PWMB two PWM signals, wherein PWMA is the main excitation signal, PWMB is the synchronous rectification signal, and PWMA and PWMB are distributed to FET Q1 and FET Q2 through signal switching circuit 1.
  • PWMA signal controls the FET Q1
  • PWMB signal controls the FET Q2
  • the PWMA signal controls the FET Q2 during discharge
  • the PWMB signal controls the FET Q1.
  • the strobe switch K controls one of the cells in the battery pack to be tested to be selected, and the selected single cell can be charged or discharged.
  • the voltage and current sampling feedback circuit 13 collects the magnitude of the charging or discharging current and feeds it back to the PWM controller to achieve constant current charging or discharging, and simultaneously collects voltages on both sides to achieve overvoltage protection.
  • Switching sequence of FET Q1 and FET Q2 during charging First, FET Q1 is turned on, FET Q2 is turned off, energy in power supply is transferred to transformer T through FET Q1; The effect transistor Q1 is turned off, the field effect transistor Q2 is turned off, and the energy in the transformer T is transferred to the filter capacitor LL2 and the single cell through the body diode of the field effect transistor Q2, and the process is very short, which is the dead time; The effect transistor Q1 is turned off, the FET Q2 is turned on, and the energy in the transformer T is transferred to the filter capacitor LL2 and the single cell through the FET Q2, since the turn-on voltage drop of the FET Q2 is higher than the body diode turn-on voltage.
  • the use of FET Q2 for synchronous rectification can greatly improve the efficiency of the balanced power supply;
  • the FET Q1 is turned off, the FET Q2 is turned off, the process is very short, for the dead time, to this one
  • the charging process is a continuous cycle of these four processes.
  • the timing of the discharge field effect transistor Q1 and the field effect transistor Q2 is reversed with the charging process.

Abstract

一种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统，其包括供电电源、电子开关（K1）、电流传感器、电池管理系统主控制器、及若干个电池管理系统从控制器，供电电源连接电流传感器，电流传感器分别连接电子开关（K1）和电池管理系统主控制器，电子开关（K1）分别连接电池管理系统主控制器和电池管理系统从控制器，电池管理系统主控制器分别与若干个电池管理系统从控制器通讯连接，每个电池管理系统从控制器分别连接一个电池组。该基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统具有体积小、成本低、电源变换效率高、维护双向恒流、对供电电源要求低等优点，该系统能快速提高电池利用率，有效地延长电池组的使用寿命。

Description

一种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统，属于电池维护管理领域。
背景技术
目前，储能电站、电动汽车等应用场合都需要使用串联单体电池成电池组进行应用，单体电池由于生产工艺等原因导致各电池容量与性能的差异，在对电池组进行充放电的过程中，必然会扩大这种差异，进而增加电池过充过放的风险，同时电池组容量利用率降低，长此以往，这种恶性循环过程将加速电池的损坏。因此，为了进一步改善电池组一致性，提高电池组容量利用率，延长电池组使用寿命，需要对电池组进行必要的维护，对电池组中剩余容量偏低的电池进行维护充电，对电池组中剩余容量偏高的电池进行维护放电。
目前的维护方法主要分为能耗法和非能耗法。能耗法是将剩余容量偏高的单体电池通过电阻放电消耗掉多余的容量，从而使电池组中的各单体电池容量一致。这种方法简单、成本低，但其原理是将所有单体电池通过电阻放电达到与最低容量的单体电池一致，工作效率极低，同时浪费了多余的电量。非能耗法维护方式较多，主要有三种：第一种是能量在单体电池中逐级转移，将容量高的单体电池逐级转移到容量底的单体电池上，当需要容量转移的两节单体电池中间单体电池数较多时，维护效率就会大大降低。第二种是通过单向隔离维护电源对单体电池进行充电或者放电，这种方法需要将所有单体电池充电或者放电到相同的容量，均衡效率一般，同时不支持同步进行充放电维护。第三种是采用双向维护电源对电池组进行维护，对容量低的单体电池进行充电，对容量高的单体电池放电，相当于将容量高的单体电池电量通过两次变换转移到容量低的单体电池上，效率高，维护速度快。但该方法实现困难，成本较高，同时一般还需要外加中转电源，以达到能量平衡。
为了解决上述第三种非能耗型维护方法的技术不足，本发明提出了一种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统。该系统能够在电池组运行过程中，对挑选出电池组中需要进行维护充电及维护放电的单体电池进行维护，同一时刻能同时进行维护充电及维护放电，有效的保证电池组的一致性，提高电池组能量利用率，进一步延长电池组的使用寿命。该系统提供的方案相对于现有技术，有效地降低了成本，克服了一般方案需要独立设备供电电源与均衡供电电源的不足，同时该系统不需要持续长期提供设备供电电源，该系统在设备正常运行后可独立运行，不需要供电电源。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明提供了一种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统，用于维护由单体电池组成的电池组，其包括供电电源、电子开关K1、电流传感器、电池管理系统主控制器、若干个电池管理系统从控制器，所述供电电源连接电流传感器，电流传感器分别连接电子开关K1和电池管理系统主控制器，电子开关分别连接电池管理系统主控制器和电池管理系统从控制器，所述电池管理系统主控制器分别与若干个电池管理系统从控制器通讯连接，所述每个电池管理系统从控制器分别连接一个电池组；
所述的电池管理系统从控制器包括维护电路、单体电池采集电路及从控MCU，所述从控MCU分别与维护电路和单体电池采集电路相连接；
所述的电池管理系统主控制器包括电池组采集电路及主控MCU，所述主控MCU与电池组采集电路相连接，所述电池组采集电路连接电池组的两端；
所述的维护电路包括PWM控制器、滤波电容LL1、场效应管Q1、变压器T、场效应管Q2、滤波电容LL2、选通开关K、信号切换电路、驱动电路、电压电流采样反馈电路，所述变压器T的主线圈的a、b两端分别连接滤波电容LL1的一端和场效应管Q1的漏极，所述场效应管Q1的源极连接滤波电容LL1的另一端和接地，所述变压器T的副线圈的c、d两端分别连接滤波电容LL2的一端和场效应管Q2的漏极，所述场效应管Q2的源极连接滤波电容LL2的另一端和电压电流采集反馈电路，所述场效应管Q1和场效应管Q2的栅极分别连接驱动电路，所述变压器T的主线圈的a端和副线圈的c端分别连接电压电流采集反馈电路，所述滤波电容LL1的两端分别与供电电源的正负极相连，所述PWM控制器分别与电压电流采样反馈电路、信号切换电路和供电电源相连接，所述信号切换电路与驱动电路相连接，所述电压电流采集反馈电路与选通开关相连接，所述选通开关与电池组中的单体电池相连接；
所述选通开关包括若干与每个单体电池对应的正极开关K4和负极开关K5，每个正极开关K4的一端均连接到电压电流采集反馈电路，另一端连接到对应的单体电池的正极；每个负极开关K5的一端均连接到电压电流采集反馈电路，另一端连接到对应的单体电池的负极。
优选地，所述每个维护电路中的PWM控制器分别与电池管理系统主控制器通讯连接。
本发明的通讯方式可为CAN通讯、RS485通讯、GPRS、Wifi、2.4G、蓝牙等。
优选地，所述供电电源为开关电源或蓄电池储能器件。
优选地，所述信号切换电路包括两个单刀双向开关K2、K3，所述单刀双向开关K2、K3的一端分别连接PWM控制器的PWMA端口和PWMB端口，单刀双向开关K2、K3的另一端连接驱动电路。
本专利的优点是：整个系统不需要持续或者长期的供电电源，当系统正常运行后，可控制断开供电电源，同时通过电流传感器、维护电路充放电维护通道的控制达到总线供电平衡，避免了其他系统方案需要独立稳定的长期供电电源及需要独立的均衡供电电源的缺陷。整个系统能在同一时刻对多节需要维护的电池进行维护充电及维护放电。通过信号切换电路把PWM控制器产生的PWM信号送到场效应管的驱动电路上，场效应管的驱动电路驱动场效应管，选通开关选通电池模块中的一节单体电池，实现对单体电池充电或者放电。PWM控制器产生PWMA和PWMB两路PWM信号，其中PWMA为主激励信号，PWMB为同步整流信号，充电时PWMA信号控制场效应管Q1，PWMB信号控制场效应管Q2，放电时PWMA信号控制场效应管Q2，PWMB信号控制场效应管Q1。通过电压电流采样反馈电路实现恒流的充电或放电，同过电压反馈实现过压保护。该基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统具有体积小、成本低、电源变换效率高、维护双向恒流、对供电电源要求低等优点，该系统能快速提高电池利用率，有效地延长电池组的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统的结构示意图；
图2是本发明所述的维护电路的电路图；
图3是本发明所述的若干个维护电路的连接电路图；
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本实用新型作进一步的说明。
如图1所示，种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统，用于维护由单体电池组成的电池组，其包括供电电源、电子开关K1、电流传感器、电池管理系统主控制器、若干个电池管理系统从控制器，所述供电电源连接电流传感器，电流传感器分别连接电子开关K1和电池管理系统主控制器，电子开关分别连接电池管理系统主控制器和电池管理系统从控制器，所述电池管理系统主控制器分别与若干个电池管理系统从控制器通讯连接，所述每个电池管理系统从控制器分别连接一个电池组。
所述的电池管理系统从控制器包括维护电路、单体电池采集电路及从控MCU；所述的电池管理系统主控制器包括电池组采集电路及主控MCU。所述从控MCU分别与维护电路和单体电池采集电路相连接，所述单体电池采集电路连接单体电池两端，用于采集单体电池的电压、电流、温度等数据。所述主控MCU与电池组采集电路相连接，所述电池组采集电路连接电池组的两端，用于采集电池组整体的电压、电流、温度等数据。
如图2和3所示，所述的维护电路包括PWM控制器、滤波电容LL1、场效应管Q1、变压器T、场效应管Q2、滤波电容LL2、选通开关K、信号切换电路1、驱动电路2、电压 电流采样反馈电路3，所述变压器T的主线圈的a、b两端分别连接滤波电容LL1的一端和场效应管Q1的漏极，所述场效应管Q1的源极连接滤波电容LL1的另一端和接地，所述变压器T的副线圈的c、d两端分别连接滤波电容LL2的一端和场效应管Q2的漏极，所述场效应管Q2的源极连接滤波电容LL2的另一端和电压电流采集反馈电路3，所述场效应管Q1和场效应管Q2的栅极分别连接驱动电路2，所述变压器T的主线圈的a端和副线圈的c端分别连接电压电流采集反馈电路3，所述滤波电容LL1的两端分别与供电电源的正负极相连，所述PWM控制器分别与电压电流采样反馈电路3、信号切换电路1和供电电源相连接，所述信号切换电路1与驱动电路2相连接，所述电压电流采集反馈电路3与选通开关相连接，所述选通开关与被测电池组相连接；
所述选通开关包括若干与每个单体电池对应的正极开关K4和负极开关K5，每个正极开关K4的一端均连接到电压电流采集反馈电路，另一端连接到对应的单体电池的正极；每个负极开关K5的一端均连接到电压电流采集反馈电路，另一端连接到对应的单体电池的负极。
所述每个维护电路中的PWM控制器分别与电池管理系统主控制器通讯连接。所述供电电源为开关电源或蓄电池储能器件。
所述信号切换电路包括两个单刀双向开关K2、K3，所述单刀双向开关K2、K3的一端分别连接PWM控制器的PWMA端口和PWMB端口，单刀双向开关K2、K3的另一端连接驱动电路。所述驱动电路控制场效应管Q1、Q2的启动。所诉的电压电流采集反馈电路采用现有成熟技术实现。
本系统的工作原理：PWM控制器产生PWMA和PWMB两路PWM信号，其中PWMA为主激励信号，PWMB为同步整流信号，通过信号切换电路1把PWMA和PWMB分配到场效应管Q1和场效应管Q2上，充电时PWMA信号控制场效应管Q1，PWMB信号控制场效应管Q2，放电时PWMA信号控制场效应管Q2，PWMB信号控制场效应管Q1。选通开关K控制被测电池组中的其中一节单体电池被选中，可对被选中的单体电池进行充电或者放电。电压电流采样反馈电路13采集充电或放电电流大小并反馈给PWM控制器，实现恒流充电或放电，同时采集两边的电压，实现过压保护。充电过程中场效应管Q1和场效应管Q2的开关时序：一、场效应管Q1开通，场效应管Q2关断，供电电源中的能量通过场效应管Q1转移到变压器T中；二、场效应管Q1关断，场效应管Q2关断，变压器T中的能量通过场效应管Q2的体二极管转移到滤波电容LL2和单体电池中，该过程很短暂，为死区时间；三、场效应管Q1关断，场效应管Q2开通，变压器T中的能量通过场效应管Q2转移到滤波电容LL2和单体电池中，由于场效应管Q2的开通压降要比其体二极管导通压降低得 多，所以利用场效应管Q2的开通进行同步整流可以大大提高该均衡电源的效率；四、场效应管Q1关断，场效应管Q2关断，该过程很短暂，为死区时间，至此一个循环结束，充电过程即为这四个过程的不断循环。同理，放电过程场效应管Q1和场效应管Q2的时序与充电过程对调。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明结构作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统，用于维护由单体电池组成的电池组，其特征在于：其包括供电电源、电子开关K1、电流传感器、电池管理系统主控制器、若干个电池管理系统从控制器，所述供电电源连接电流传感器，电流传感器分别连接电子开关K1和电池管理系统主控制器，电子开关分别连接电池管理系统主控制器和电池管理系统从控制器，所述电池管理系统主控制器分别与若干个电池管理系统从控制器通讯连接，所述每个电池管理系统从控制器分别连接一个电池组；
    所述的电池管理系统从控制器包括维护电路、单体电池采集电路及从控MCU，所述从控MCU分别与维护电路和单体电池采集电路相连接；
    所述的电池管理系统主控制器包括电池组采集电路及主控MCU，所述主控MCU与电池组采集电路相连接，所述电池组采集电路连接电池组的两端；
    所述的维护电路包括PWM控制器、滤波电容LL1、场效应管Q1、变压器T、场效应管Q2、滤波电容LL2、选通开关K、信号切换电路、驱动电路、电压电流采样反馈电路，所述变压器T的主线圈的a、b两端分别连接滤波电容LL1的一端和场效应管Q1的漏极，所述场效应管Q1的源极连接滤波电容LL1的另一端和接地，所述变压器T的副线圈的c、d两端分别连接滤波电容LL2的一端和场效应管Q2的漏极，所述场效应管Q2的源极连接滤波电容LL2的另一端和电压电流采集反馈电路，所述场效应管Q1和场效应管Q2的栅极分别连接驱动电路，所述变压器T的主线圈的a端和副线圈的c端分别连接电压电流采集反馈电路，所述滤波电容LL1的两端分别与供电电源的正负极相连，所述PWM控制器分别与电压电流采样反馈电路、信号切换电路和供电电源相连接，所述信号切换电路与驱动电路相连接，所述电压电流采集反馈电路与选通开关相连接，所述选通开关与被测电池组相连接；
    所述选通开关包括若干与每个单体电池对应的正极开关K4和负极开关K5，每个正极开关K4的一端均连接到电压电流采集反馈电路，另一端连接到对应的单体电池的正极；每个负极开关K5的一端均连接到电压电流采集反馈电路，另一端连接到对应的单体电池的负极。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统，其特征在于：所述每个维护电路中的PWM控制器分别与电池管理系统主控制器通 讯连接。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统，其特征在于：所述供电电源为开关电源或蓄电池储能器件。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于共用设备供电电源的隔离双向恒流维护系统，其特征在于：所述信号切换电路包括两个单刀双向开关K2、K3，所述单刀双向开关K2、K3的一端分别连接PWM控制器的PWMA端口和PWMB端口，单刀双向开关K2、K3的另一端连接驱动电路。
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