WO2016119197A1 - Équipement de combustion pour combustible solide - Google Patents

Équipement de combustion pour combustible solide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016119197A1
WO2016119197A1 PCT/CN2015/071907 CN2015071907W WO2016119197A1 WO 2016119197 A1 WO2016119197 A1 WO 2016119197A1 CN 2015071907 W CN2015071907 W CN 2015071907W WO 2016119197 A1 WO2016119197 A1 WO 2016119197A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion
solid fuel
furnace
ash
ashing
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PCT/CN2015/071907
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
车战斌
Original Assignee
车战斌
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 车战斌 filed Critical 车战斌
Priority to PCT/CN2015/071907 priority Critical patent/WO2016119197A1/fr
Publication of WO2016119197A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016119197A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/04—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the movement of combustion air and flue gases being substantially transverse to the movement of the fuel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of solid fuel combustion, and more particularly to a solid fuel combustion apparatus.
  • Furnace is an indispensable device in conventional solid fuel combustion devices.
  • the grate is usually installed between the grate and the bottom of the furnace to support the solid fuel in a burning state.
  • the furnace is arranged with a space or a through hole to provide combustion-supporting ash gas and to remove ash from the solid fuel supported thereon. Therefore, in the conventional solid fuel combustion device, based on the structural characteristics of the furnace, it is inevitable that the incoming air enters the burning solid fuel through the furnace, so the wind entering through the furnace is bound to be on the furnace.
  • the combustion state of the solid fuel has a certain effect.
  • a state of the combustion layer in which the temperature is lowered to the top and the temperature is increased step by layer is formed in the combustion layer, that is, a high temperature fire bed is formed at the furnace position.
  • This high-temperature fire bed is suitable for solid fuels based on carbon combustion, such as high-quality coal.
  • the ash melting point is lower than the fixed carbon ash point
  • the ash after combustion is In a viscous molten state, it sticks to the furnace and cannot be properly discharged through a furnace or other ash-discharging mechanism (such as a ash bar).
  • the viscous molten ash is mixed in the fuel being burned, which not only greatly affects the combustion efficiency of the fuel. Moreover, the viscous ash adheres to the furnace raft, blocking the air inlet passage on the furnace, and the furnace is pasted for a period of time, so that the combustion device cannot continue to work. It is not difficult to conclude that, based on the ventilation function of the conventional furnace, the problem of the above-mentioned molten ash is difficult to be effectively solved in the combustion process of a solid fuel such as biomass fuel which is mainly composed of volatile combustion.
  • the inventors have previously proposed a combustion combustion apparatus based on the combustion characteristics of a solid fuel having a high volatile content such as biomass fuel and low-grade coal (for example, lignite, peat, etc.), which is combusted by using lateral inlet air.
  • a solid fuel having a high volatile content such as biomass fuel and low-grade coal (for example, lignite, peat, etc.)
  • the situation that the ash is generated at the furnace is greatly reduced, thereby achieving continuous combustion of the fuel. (Please refer to the utility model patent with patent number 201420098863.5).
  • the inventors have found in a large number of tests that the conventional furnace structure having a permeability function employed in the above lateral combustion apparatus still has some adverse effects on the combustion state of the above combustion apparatus.
  • the specific reason is that in the above-mentioned combustion device, due to the requirement of use of ash, etc., an ash outlet is inevitably disposed under the furnace, or other outlet structure that is electrically connected to the outside of the furnace, and some airflow can easily pass through this guide.
  • the exit structure outside the furnace enters the furnace. These air flows into the furnace are inevitably passed through the furnace into the combustion layer. Therefore, in the above-mentioned combustion apparatus, the furnace having the conventional structure necessarily has the following drawbacks:
  • the combustion of the stacking layer is achieved by forming a lateral combustion flame on the combustion side of the stack layer by the main airflow entering from the side, thereby realizing the combustion state of the combustion of the volatile matter and the fixed carbon, thereby ensuring the combustion state of the combustion.
  • Both volatiles and fixed carbon have higher combustion efficiency.
  • the harmful air leakage from the bottom into the pile layer interferes with the flow state of the main air stream, thus affecting the combustion state of the pile layer, and some volatiles are discharged in the state of black smoke, resulting in the combustion of volatiles in the solid fuel. Insufficient, affecting the combustion efficiency of the combustion device.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel combustion device, which can prevent harmful air leakage from directly entering the fuel layer and adversely affect the combustion process, thereby achieving effective controllability of the airflow entering the pile layer and ensuring solidity of the pile layer. Controllable and orderly combustion of fuel.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel combustion apparatus which reduces the temperature at the bottom of the pile layer, thereby solving the problem of the ash at the bottom of the pile layer and ensuring the continuity of combustion of the ash unit.
  • the present invention provides a solid fuel combustion apparatus comprising a furnace having an air inlet and a solid fuel feed port on a furnace, wherein the feed port is provided at the top of the furnace and is built in the furnace. From the bottom of the solid fuel entering the feed port, the fuel entering from the feed port forms a pile layer on the bottom of the material, and one side of the pile layer is formed on the inlet side, opposite to the inlet side.
  • the other side of the stack layer is formed as a combustion side; a combustion chamber communicating with the exhaust gas outlet is provided on the combustion side of the furnace; thus, the main air flow generated by the wind entering the furnace is substantially transversely passed through the stack layer through the inlet side.
  • the combustion chamber is finally discharged from the exhaust gas outlet, wherein the bottom of the receiving material is a closed structure that does not allow airflow to pass through, preventing airflow from entering the stacking layer through the bottom of the receiving material.
  • the airflow is not allowed to pass.
  • the structure can effectively prevent the airflow from entering the stack layer through the bottom of the receiving material, thereby achieving effective control of the airflow entering the stacking layer.
  • the bottom of the receiving material in a closed state can completely prevent harmful air leakage from directly entering the fuel layer from below the pile layer, and does not generate interference airflow other than the main air flow in the pile layer.
  • the main airflow entering from the air inlet enters the air inlet side of the furnace from the air inlet, and enters the combustion side substantially laterally through the stack layer, and then exits from the exhaust outlet without Affected by harmful airflow entering the stacking layer in other directions, resulting in a continuously stable, controllable airflow.
  • Tests have shown that in the combustion apparatus of the present invention, an orderly and controllable stable combustion state of the combustion furnace can be achieved by effective control of the intake air. Furthermore, the matching of the evaporation of the upper layer volatiles with the burning rate of the fixed carbon fuel is achieved, and the combustion efficiency of the volatile matter and the fixed carbon is greatly improved.
  • the closed structure at the bottom of the material prevents uncontrolled airflow from entering the stock layer from the bottom and causing the temperature at the bottom of the stock layer to be too high, especially to avoid excessive temperature at the bottom of the stock layer.
  • the problem of ash dissolution ensures continuous combustion of the solid fuel in its natural state.
  • the bottom of the bottom of the feedstock has an ash spacing between the end of the combustion side and the inner wall of the furnace, below which a ash chamber is formed.
  • an air inlet passage for supplying wind entering the air inlet to the air inlet side of the stack layer is provided, the bottom of the material receiving bottom The lower part is connected to the inlet passage.
  • the upper surface of the bottom of the feedstock has a slope that slopes downwardly toward the combustion side.
  • the stack layer is in contact with the inner wall of the furnace on opposite sides between the inlet side and the combustion side to isolate the inlet side from the combustion side.
  • the side wall of the two opposite side inner walls between the inlet side and the combustion side of the furnace above the bottom of the receiving material, and the stack layer between the inlet side and the combustion side are uniform or located inside the natural stacking slope, so that the two side wall faces of the stacking layer between the inlet side and the burning side are in contact with the inner wall of the furnace.
  • the volatiles flow path on the combustion side is provided with a flow guiding wall that directs the volatile gas stream to the lateral combustion flame.
  • the flow guiding wall is made of a heat storage material.
  • a ashing mechanism for removing the ash is provided on the upper surface of the bottom of the receiving material.
  • the invention is mainly applicable to solid fuels with high volatile content, such as biomass fuels and their shaped fuels, low-grade coals (such as bituminous coal, lignite, peat, etc.). It is mainly based on volatile combustion characteristics, and some fuels have a small carbon content, so When the combustion is sufficient, the amount of ash generated is small.
  • the ash removal mechanism may be omitted after each use, in the case where the fuel used is small. operating.
  • the ashing mechanism of the present invention can be used for regular ash removal operation to ensure the combustion apparatus. Continuous combustion over a longer period of time.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the combustion state of the combustion apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a ashing mechanism provided on the bottom of the burning device of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the combustion device of the present invention having an air inlet passage
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the combustion apparatus of the present invention provided with a mobile ashing mechanism
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing a rotary ashing mechanism of the combustion apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a side cross-sectional view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a side cross-sectional view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a dusting ash rod of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of a dusting ash rod of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of still another embodiment of the ash ashing rod of the present invention.
  • Combustion device 100 heat exchange device 200; exhaust gas discharge port 201;
  • Furnace 10 inlet side 101; combustion side 102; side wall faces 103, 104;
  • Stacking layer 1 two opposite sides 161, 162; natural stacking slope 16; feeding port 11; air inlet 12; receiving bottom 14; ash spacing 17; inlet channel 18; feed hopper 15;
  • Solid fuel 5 volatile matter 51; fixed carbon fuel 52 after volatilization; furnace ash 53;
  • Ashing mechanism 7 mobile ashing device 71; rotary ashing device 72; ashing lever 73; ashing blade 75; moving rod 77; rotating shaft 78.
  • the present invention provides a solid fuel combustion apparatus 100 comprising a furnace 10 having an air inlet 12 and a solid fuel feed port 11 in the furnace 10, wherein the feed port 11 is provided
  • a furnace bottom 10 is built in the furnace 10 to receive solid fuel entering from the inlet, and the fuel entering from the inlet 11 forms a pile layer 1 on the bottom 14 of the pile, in the pile layer 1
  • One side is formed as the inlet side 101, and the other side of the pile layer 1 opposite to the inlet side 101 is formed as the combustion side 102; on the combustion side 102 of the furnace 10, a combustion chamber 3 is provided which is connected to the exhaust outlet 201.
  • the main airflow generated by the wind entering the furnace 10 is generally transversely passed through the stack layer 1 and then enters the combustion chamber 3, and finally discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 201.
  • the bottom 14 of the material enters the closed structure of the stock layer 1.
  • the bottom portion 14 of the material is a closed structure that does not allow airflow to pass during the combustion process, the fuel does not form when the fuel falls onto the bottom portion 14 of the material to form the pile layer 1. Any airflow will enter the stack layer 1 from the bottom 14 of the load. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent the airflow from entering the stock layer 1 through the bottom portion 14 of the load. It is not difficult to prove that in the present invention, the bottom portion 14 of the material in a closed state can completely prevent harmful air leakage from directly entering the stock layer 1 from below the pile layer 1, and does not generate a waste gas layer 1 other than the main air stream. Other disturbing airflow.
  • the main airflow entering from the air inlet 12 enters the air inlet side 101 of the furnace 10 from the air inlet 12 in an orderly manner, and passes through the stack substantially laterally.
  • the layer 1 enters the combustion side 102 and is discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 201 without being affected by harmful air leakage into the stock layer 1 in other directions, thereby forming a continuously stable controllable gas flow.
  • Tests have shown that in the combustion apparatus 100 of the present invention, an orderly and controllable stable combustion of the combustion apparatus 100 can be achieved by effective control of the intake air. Furthermore, the matching of the evaporation of the upper layer volatiles with the burning rate of the fixed carbon fuel is achieved, and the combustion efficiency of the volatile matter and the fixed carbon is greatly improved.
  • the closed structure of the bottom 14 of the material prevents the uncontrolled flow of air from entering the pile layer 1 from the bottom and causes the temperature at the bottom of the pile layer 1 to be too high, in particular, the pile layer 1 can be avoided.
  • the problem of ash dissolution caused by the excessive temperature at the bottom ensures continuous combustion of the solid fuel in its natural state.
  • Another effect that can be achieved by the present invention is that the simple structure of the conventional furnace structure can be avoided to avoid the adverse effects of harmful airflow in the combustion apparatus 100 on combustion, and the structure is simple and the operation is convenient.
  • the main airflow generated by the wind entering the furnace 10 of the present invention refers to the main airflow generated by the wind, and the airflow is from the stacking area 1.
  • the wind side 101 exits generally laterally through the stacking zone 1 from the combustion side 102; the wind entering the grate 10 during combustion primarily produces a flow of gas transversely through the stacking zone 1.
  • the bottom portion 14 of the bottom of the pile area 1 has no airflow passing through, so that it does not affect the direction of the main air flow, and does not affect the effect of the combustion device of the present invention, that is, the combustion device of the present invention can ensure the main air flow during the combustion process.
  • the direction is from the inlet side 101 of the stack layer 1 and exits from the combustion side 102 substantially transversely through the stack layer 1 to form a lateral combustion mode.
  • the stock layer 1 in the present invention refers to a pile formed of a solid fuel between the feed port 11 and the bottom portion 14 of the feed.
  • the newly introduced fuel in the upper layer is first heated to a temperature at which the volatile matter is precipitated to precipitate volatiles, and then ignited for fixed carbon combustion, and gradually decreases as the volume of the fuel becomes smaller as the combustion progresses.
  • the ash 53 produced after the burnout falls to the bottom 14 of the receiving material; the ash can be uniformly removed after the end of combustion or is removed by the ashing mechanism 7 during the combustion process; at the same time, the new fuel is automatically replenished to the stock under the action of gravity.
  • the stock layer 1 between the feed port 11 and the bottom 14 of the feed is in a state of dynamic equilibrium during combustion, maintaining a stable pile shape.
  • the bottom portion 14 of the feedstock has an ash spacing 17 between the end of the combustion side 102 and the inner wall of the furnace, and a ash chamber below the ash spacing 17 4.
  • the ash 53 on the upper surface of the bottom 14 of the receiving material is pushed out from the edge of the bottom 14 of the receiving material, so that the ash 53 falls into the ash chamber 4.
  • a wind entering from the air inlet 12 is provided to the stack layer 1
  • the space below the bottom 14 of the load can communicate with the inlet passage 18.
  • a part of the cold air entering from the air inlet 11 can enter below the bottom 14 of the material, and this part of the cold air can lower the temperature of the bottom 14 of the material, further avoiding the melting caused by the excessive temperature at the bottom of the pile layer 1.
  • the bottom 14 of the material can preheat this part of the cold air to improve the thermal efficiency.
  • the upper surface of the bottom portion 14 of the feedstock has a slope that slopes downwardly toward the combustion side 102 to facilitate cleaning.
  • the two opposite sides 161, 162 of the stack layer 1 between the inlet side 101 and the combustion side 102 are in contact with the inner wall of the furnace, thereby advancing.
  • Wind side 101 is isolated from combustion side 102.
  • the airflow generated by the wind entering the air inlet side 101 can only pass through the stack layer 1 to reach the combustion side 102, avoiding the wind from passing outside the stack layer 1 and doing useless work, ensuring the wind passing through the stack layer 1. Effective supply.
  • the shape of the side wall faces 103, 104 of the opposite side inner walls between the inlet side 101 and the combustion side 102 of the furnace 10 above the bottom 14 of the receiving material can be set as desired, as long as it does not exceed the outer side of the natural stacking slope 16
  • the two side wall surfaces 161, 162 of the material layer 1 may be in contact with the furnace side wall surfaces 103, 104, and the specific shape thereof may not be limited.
  • the shape of the two side wall faces 103, 104 of the inner wall is not limited to the shape shown in the drawings, and may be provided in other various shapes, which will not be enumerated here.
  • the inner wall faces 103, 104 of the two opposite sides between the inlet side 101 and the combustion side 102 of the furnace 10 above the receiving bottom 14 are
  • the natural stacking slope 16 which can be formed with the two opposite sides 161, 162 of the stack layer 1 between the inlet side 101 and the combustion side 102 coincides with or is located inside the natural stacking slope 16, so that the stack layer 1 is on the inlet side
  • the two side wall faces 103, 104 between the 101 and the combustion side 102 are in contact with the inner wall of the furnace.
  • a flow guiding wall 6 for directing the flow of volatiles 51 to the lateral combustion flame is provided on the volatile flow path of the combustion side 102.
  • the main gas stream exits from the combustion side 102 of the pile layer 1 with the evolved volatiles 51 and is guided via the pilot wall 2 via the combustion flame, ensuring sufficient combustion of the volatiles 51.
  • the deflector wall 6 can be provided in various forms as long as the airflow with the volatile matter 51 can be guided to the lateral combustion flame position.
  • the flow guiding wall 6 is made of a heat storage material.
  • the flow guiding wall 6 can be formed into a high-temperature heat storage body after being heated by the combustion flame due to its heat storage capacity, and is ignited when the gas stream with volatile matter passes through the high-temperature heat storage body, thereby facilitating the volatile matter. Fully burning.
  • a dusting mechanism 7 for removing soot may be provided on the upper surface of the bottom portion 14 of the material.
  • the ashing mechanism may not be provided, and the cleaning operation may be performed after each use.
  • the receiving bottom portion 14 has a ash spacing 17 between the one side edge of the combustion chamber 3 and the inner wall of the furnace chamber, and a ash chamber 4 is formed below the ash spacing interval 17. .
  • the dusting lever 73 is substantially parallel to the edge of the receiving bottom 14 having the ash spacing 17 from the inner wall of the furnace.
  • the ashing mechanism 7 is constituted by a movable ashing device 71.
  • the ashing mechanism 7 is constituted by a rotary ash breaker 72.
  • the mobile ash ejector 71 includes a ash bar 73 and a moving rod 77 connected to the ash bar 73.
  • the ash bar 73 is moved by the moving rod 77 along the upper surface of the receiving bottom 14 to thereby pluck the ash on the receiving bottom 14 into the ash chamber 4.
  • the rotary pulverizer 72 includes a rotating shaft 78 and a radially outwardly projecting projection on the rotating shaft 78.
  • the ash piece 75 is rotated by the rotating shaft 78 with the ashing piece 75 to thereby pluck the ash on the bottom 14 of the receiving material into the ash chamber 4.
  • the rotary pulverizer 72 includes a rotating shaft 78 and a spiral ashing piece 75 disposed on the rotating shaft 78, which is rotated.
  • the shaft 78 drives the spiral ashing blade 75 to rotate, thereby conveying the ash on the bottom 14 of the receiving material into the ash chamber 4.
  • the volatile matter can be almost completely burned, the combustion efficiency is as high as 95% or more, and there is no black smoke emission, and the clean emission of the solid fuel combustion with high volatile content is realized.
  • the invention fully utilizes the characteristics of gravity and heat transfer, realizes automatic and orderly combustion of fuel, has simple structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient use, and provides favorable conditions for popularization and application of solid fuel with high volatile content.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

Équipement de combustion (100) pour un combustible solide (5), où un fond (14) de support de combustible destiné à supporter le combustible solide (5) est disposé dans une chambre (10) de four, et le combustible solide (5) qui entre depuis une entrée de combustible (11) forme un niveau d'empilement de combustible (1) sur le fond (14) de support de combustible. Le fond (14) de support de combustible est une structure fermée qui ne permet pas à l'écoulement d'air de la traverser, empêchant ainsi un écoulement d'air d'entrer dans le niveau d'empilage de combustible (1) par le biais du fond (14) de support de combustible. L'équipement de combustion (100) évite les effets négatifs qu'a une fuite d'air sur la combustion.
PCT/CN2015/071907 2015-01-30 2015-01-30 Équipement de combustion pour combustible solide WO2016119197A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2015/071907 WO2016119197A1 (fr) 2015-01-30 2015-01-30 Équipement de combustion pour combustible solide

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PCT/CN2015/071907 WO2016119197A1 (fr) 2015-01-30 2015-01-30 Équipement de combustion pour combustible solide

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WO2016119197A1 true WO2016119197A1 (fr) 2016-08-04

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1800105A (en) * 1928-08-08 1931-04-07 Rainchon Leon Heating boiler
DE940849C (de) * 1943-02-19 1956-03-29 Ferdinand Gelhard Schachtfeuerung, insbesondere fuer keramische OEfen
FR1140273A (fr) * 1956-01-20 1957-07-18 Dispositif assurant l'ignition complète des combustibles dits <<flambants>> dans les appareils domestiques et industriels
CN203731383U (zh) * 2014-03-05 2014-07-23 车战斌 固体燃料的燃烧装置
CN203731384U (zh) * 2014-03-05 2014-07-23 车战斌 固体燃料的燃烧装置
CN203731385U (zh) * 2014-03-05 2014-07-23 车战斌 固体燃料的燃烧装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1800105A (en) * 1928-08-08 1931-04-07 Rainchon Leon Heating boiler
DE940849C (de) * 1943-02-19 1956-03-29 Ferdinand Gelhard Schachtfeuerung, insbesondere fuer keramische OEfen
FR1140273A (fr) * 1956-01-20 1957-07-18 Dispositif assurant l'ignition complète des combustibles dits <<flambants>> dans les appareils domestiques et industriels
CN203731383U (zh) * 2014-03-05 2014-07-23 车战斌 固体燃料的燃烧装置
CN203731384U (zh) * 2014-03-05 2014-07-23 车战斌 固体燃料的燃烧装置
CN203731385U (zh) * 2014-03-05 2014-07-23 车战斌 固体燃料的燃烧装置

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