WO2016115971A1 - 一种液体蒸馏设备 - Google Patents

一种液体蒸馏设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016115971A1
WO2016115971A1 PCT/CN2016/000014 CN2016000014W WO2016115971A1 WO 2016115971 A1 WO2016115971 A1 WO 2016115971A1 CN 2016000014 W CN2016000014 W CN 2016000014W WO 2016115971 A1 WO2016115971 A1 WO 2016115971A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
liquid
raw material
material liquid
heat
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PCT/CN2016/000014
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘飞
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刘飞
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Publication of WO2016115971A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016115971A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of liquid distillation, in particular to a liquid distillation purification, concentration device and a distillation method.
  • Existing distillation techniques include distilled water production, seawater desalination, and liquid concentration. More mention is made to heat the seawater or the raw material liquid, and then the hot water is heated and humidified by the air, and the humidified air is cooled again to generate condensed water.
  • multiple water is used to cool to produce distilled water, so that a large amount of heat is taken away by the waste water, and the heat efficiency is extremely low.
  • the prior art also mentions a technique of preheating raw water using condensation heat, in which the raw water is sufficiently preheated. However, even if the same amount of water is heated to boiling, the heat required is only about 20% of its heat of evaporation, that is, about 80% of the heat of condensation is still wasted. Therefore, if the raw material water is only preheated with the heat of condensation, at most 20% of the heat is saved.
  • a liquid distillation apparatus comprising: a casing, a wind pump, a heater, a raw material liquid pipe, and a gas pipe connecting the casing and the air pump, wherein the casing is provided with a gas inlet and an outlet, and the heater is located at the shell In the body or outside the casing, a liquid distributor and at least one heat exchange plate are further disposed in the casing, wherein one side of the heat exchanger plate is an evaporation surface, and the other surface is a condensation surface, and the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate and the corresponding side casing side
  • the space formed by the evaporation surface of the wall or adjacent heat exchange plate is the evaporation area
  • the space formed by the condensation surface of the heat exchange plate and the side wall of the corresponding side casing or the condensation surface of the adjacent heat exchange plate is a condensation area, and one end of the evaporation area is only connected with the gas inlet.
  • one end of the condensation zone is only connected to the gas outlet, the other end of the evaporation zone is in communication with the other end of the condensation zone in the casing, the gas inlet or outlet is in communication with the wind pump, and one end of the liquid distributor receives the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate.
  • the other end receives a raw material liquid pipe, and the casing or the gas pipe is provided with a tail liquid outlet and a condensate outlet.
  • the liquid distillation apparatus is characterized in that the distillation apparatus further comprises a cooling device connected to the gas pipeline and the gas pipeline constitutes a closed loop.
  • the liquid distillation apparatus described above is characterized in that the heater can be disposed in or outside the raw material liquid pipe to heat the raw material liquid.
  • the liquid distillation apparatus is characterized in that: the raw material liquid pipeline is provided with a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is located in the casing for heat exchange between the raw material liquid and the gas.
  • the liquid distillation apparatus is characterized in that: the heater is a steam nozzle extending into the casing, and steam of the raw material liquid is injected into the gas in the casing to heat the gas and drive the gas to flow.
  • the liquid distillation apparatus is characterized in that: the raw material liquid pipeline passes through a cooling device, and the pipe section is connected to the heat exchanger in the cooling device, and the raw material liquid exchanges heat with the gas in the cooling device.
  • the liquid distillation apparatus is characterized in that the distillation apparatus further comprises an air extractor such that the gas pressure in the system is less than atmospheric pressure.
  • the liquid distillation apparatus is characterized in that the heat exchange plate is tubular, and the inner and outer surfaces of the tube serve as a condensation surface and an evaporation surface, respectively.
  • the liquid distillation apparatus is characterized in that: a heat exchanger is arranged at the outlet of the tail liquid and the outlet of the condensate, and the heat exchanger is connected to the two branches of the raw material liquid pipeline for the tail liquid and the condensate The raw material liquid is preheated.
  • the liquid distillation apparatus is characterized in that: three heat exchangers are connected in parallel on the raw material liquid pipeline, and are respectively located in the tail liquid outlet, the condensate outlet, and the gas discharge outlet pipeline, and are used for the raw material liquid and the exhaust gas and the tail. Heat exchange between liquid and condensate.
  • the heating device is a device for raising the temperature of the gas or the raw material liquid, and the electric heating method may be used, or steam heating, waste heat recovery or the like may be used.
  • electric heating plates, electric heating pipes, steam nozzles, heat exchangers, and the like When steam is used for heating, it is also possible to directly inject steam into the gas.
  • electric heating For smaller-volume distillation equipment, it is preferred to use electric heating, and for larger-volume equipment, it is preferred to use steam heating.
  • water vapor can be directly injected into the gas to be mixed with the gas or the water vapor is introduced into the raw water. The raw material water is heated.
  • the heating device may be placed in the housing or outside the housing to heat the raw material liquid or the preheated raw material liquid, and heat the raw material liquid to a certain temperature
  • the heating device is an electric heating tube and is placed in the pipeline of the raw material liquid in the housing.
  • the outside, or the raw material liquid is heated inside or outside the raw material liquid pipe section outside the casing, and when the raw material liquid is distributed from the liquid distributor to the heat exchanger plate, it evaporates into the gas on the one hand, and carries on the gas on the one hand heating.
  • the heater is used to heat the raw material liquid, it is equivalent to directly purifying the high-temperature raw material liquid, that is, directly using the high-temperature raw material liquid (or further heating the high-temperature liquid raw material to increase the temperature) to the liquid distributor.
  • the distillation apparatus has at least one heat exchange plate, and the heat exchange plate functions to separate the evaporation area and the condensation area, and the gas in the two areas is exchanged through the heat exchange plate, so the material and shape of the heat exchange plate should be Conducive to heat exchange on the two sides of the board.
  • the liquid is evaporated and condensed on both sides of the heat exchanger plate, and the heat is transferred through the heat exchanger plate.
  • the heat exchange plate may be in the form of a flat plate, but is not limited to a flat plate shape, and may be tubular or other shapes such as a tile shape, an arc shape, a spiral shape or the like.
  • the heat exchanger plate can be corrugated, embossed, and finned to increase heat exchange efficiency.
  • the material of the heat exchanger plate should have good thermal conductivity, preferably metal, such as stainless steel, copper, aluminum, titanium alloy, etc., stable properties, thermal conductivity High material.
  • the heat exchanger plate has a liquid film produced by the liquid distributor on one side and a condensation surface on the other side, and the vapor condenses on the condensation surface.
  • the heat exchange plates are placed vertically, the raw material liquid and the condensate flow down from both sides of the plate from top to bottom, and the gas flows through the plate surface from bottom to top or from top to bottom.
  • the heat exchange plates can also be placed laterally, that is, the spray of the raw material liquid flows downward from the top to the bottom through the heat exchange plates, and the gas flows laterally through the heat exchange plates.
  • the raw material liquid can be sprayed and distributed on the outer surface of the tube, the outer surface serves as an evaporation surface, and the inner surface serves as a condensation surface.
  • the heat exchange plate may be a heat pipe, and both ends of the heat pipe serve as an evaporation surface and a condensation surface, respectively.
  • the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate can be hydrophilized, for example, oxidized, coated with a hydrophilic paint, etc., and the surface of the heat exchange plate can be roughened and drawn. , embossing processing, etc., to facilitate the distribution of raw material liquids and heat exchange.
  • the plates are placed at a certain distance, gas flows between the adjacent plates, and gas flows on opposite sides of each plate, high temperature and high humidity gas and The low temperature gas flows in the opposite direction on the condensation surface and the evaporation surface of the plate, and exchanges heat and vaporizes and condenses through the heat exchange plate.
  • the distillation apparatus of the present invention does not include a cooling device
  • three heat exchangers may be connected in parallel on the raw material liquid pipeline, and the heat exchangers are respectively located in the tail liquid outlet, the condensate outlet, and the gas discharge outlet pipe for the raw material liquid and The heat exchange between the tail liquid, the condensate and the exhaust gas, the raw material liquid is preheated. This reduces the amount of heat carried away by the discharged tail liquid and condensate and exhaust gas, increasing the thermal efficiency of the system.
  • the cooling device When the invention includes a cooling device, the cooling device is connected in series with the gas conduit and together with the gas conduit forms a closed circuit.
  • the gas circulates through the system and is cooled as it passes through the cooling unit.
  • the cooling device is a heat exchanger in which a gas exchanges heat with air or cooling water or a raw material liquid in the environment to further lower the gas temperature.
  • the fan may generate an air flow to cool the gas in the heat exchanger or use water to cool the gas
  • the heat exchanger may be a fin heat exchange tube, a spiral tube, or a plate heat exchanger. Etc., the gas flows in the tube, and the airflow produced by the fan flows through the fin surface outside the fin tube or the outer surface of the spiral tube.
  • the order of connection between the cooling device and the air pump on the gas circulation pipe can be interchanged, that is, the gas can first flow through the cooling device and then through the air pump, or can flow through the air pump and then through the cooling device.
  • the gas temperature is lowered, which has little effect on the performance and life of the air pump; when the gas first flows through the wind pump and then flows through the cooling device, the dust and particles in the gas Impurities such as bacteria adhere to the cooling device, so that the gas is purified.
  • the gas in the cooling device may be heat exchanged with the raw material liquid.
  • the raw material liquid vapor in the gas is condensed to generate a small amount of condensate.
  • the cooling device is sufficiently cooled to cool the gas to a temperature close to the initial temperature of the raw material liquid.
  • two heat exchangers can be disposed on the raw material liquid pipeline, respectively at the tail liquid and the condensate outlet for the raw material liquid Heat exchange between body and tail liquid, condensate, preheating raw material liquid.
  • the raw material liquid can be preheated by the tail liquid and the condensate, and then passed through a cooling device, a cooling gas, or a part of the raw material liquid to cool the gas, and some of the raw material liquid is exchanged with the tail liquid and the condensate.
  • the invention can also connect the heat exchanger in series on the raw material liquid pipeline located in the casing, and place the heat exchanger in the condensation zone, the evaporation zone or the junction of the condensation zone and the evaporation zone, and use the gas for preheating the raw material liquid with high temperature and high humidity. .
  • the tail liquid and the condensate outlet of the present invention may be provided with a valve or a liquid pump, or may flow out by the pressure of the liquid itself, and the tail liquid and the condensate outlet may be used for charging and withdrawing the gas in the system.
  • the tail liquid and condensate outlets may be located on the housing or on the gas line, and should normally be at the lowest position of the system so that the condensate produced in the gas line and the cooling unit can flow out.
  • the wind pump of the present invention acts to cause a gas to flow.
  • the liquid distributor according to the present invention is a device for uniformly distributing a liquid on a vapor deposition surface, and is a water distributor when the raw material liquid is water.
  • the lower pressure on the surface of the liquid can facilitate the evaporation of the liquid and also reduce the resistance of the air pump, so the pressure of the gas can be less than atmospheric pressure, for example, 0.01 to 0.9 atmospheres.
  • it can be realized by adding an air extractor to remove the gas from the system, or by increasing the airtightness of the system, maintaining a lower air pressure after pumping, or both.
  • the gas is usually air, and may be other gases or a mixed gas containing the raw material liquid vapor.
  • other gases such as nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and raw materials may be used.
  • a gas such as a liquid vapor or a mixed gas of one or more gases.
  • the gas is nitrogen, the content of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the distilled water is relatively small. Or by constantly replacing and replenishing the purity of the gas of the system gas and taking away other impurity gases.
  • the raw liquid or gas After the raw liquid or gas flows through the heater, it is heated to a certain temperature.
  • the raw material liquid is water, it is preferably 80 to 100 degrees, preferably the heating temperature is usually not more than 100 degrees to save heat energy required for heating.
  • the pressure of the gas is less than atmospheric pressure, the maximum heating temperature should also be lowered.
  • the temperature of the heated gas is close to the boiling point of the liquid.
  • the liquid such as ethanol, methanol, syrup, extract, seawater, etc., requires distillation to purify or concentrate the liquid.
  • the invention preferably increases the heat exchange effect of the heat exchange plate sufficiently, and then the temperature of the intake of the tail liquid, the condensate, and the gas pipe at the bottom of the heat exchange plate is substantially close.
  • it is necessary to increase the temperature difference between the gas on both sides of the heat exchanger plate, so that the temperature of the gas discharged from the pipe is higher, but in the cooling device, it can be cooled by the raw material liquid to an initial temperature close to the raw material liquid or the exhaust gas is preheated. The temperature of the raw material liquid is lowered.
  • the system may also include regulatory devices based on environmental and raw material liquids, condensate temperature, yield/energy efficiency, and the like, Adjust gas flow rate, raw material liquid flow rate, heating temperature, and the like.
  • a turbulence insert can be added to the condensing zone and the evaporation zone to increase heat transfer.
  • the air in the environment is sucked into the environment by the wind pump while causing the gas in the gas pipe to flow or circulate.
  • the initial temperature of the gas on the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate is low.
  • the gas flows through the heat exchanger plate, it is continuously heated by the heat exchange plate, and the temperature is gradually increased, and at the same time, the liquid flowing through the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate enters into the gas.
  • the temperature of the gas increases and the amount of steam increases during the whole process, and is finally heated by the heater or the heated raw material liquid, and the temperature rises.
  • the heated gas begins to flow through the condensation surface of the heat exchanger plate and is continuously cooled.
  • the vapor contained therein condenses on the condensation surface, and the heat released by the condensation heats the heat exchange plate to evaporate the liquid on the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate.
  • the gas is discharged after the condensation surface of the heat exchanger plate is cooled or after the heat is recovered, and is discharged or enters the cooling device.
  • the gas entering the cooling device is further cooled, and the cooled gas is sent to the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate through the gas pipe and the gas inlet on the casing, and flows through the evaporation surface to evaporate the raw material liquid on the evaporation surface.
  • the gas is heated by the heat exchange plate and further heated by the heater or the raw material liquid into a high temperature gas to complete a cycle.
  • the gas can be cooled and exchanged with the raw material liquid, and the heat is used to preheat the raw material liquid.
  • the raw material liquid cools the gas. Since the temperature of the raw material liquid is substantially constant over a period of time, the temperature of the cooled gas is also substantially constant, such as near the temperature of the raw material liquid or the ambient temperature. It is preferable to make full use of the raw material liquid cooling gas so that the temperature of the cooled gas is substantially close to the initial temperature of the raw material liquid.
  • the cooling device is a liquid-gas heat exchanger in which the raw material liquid exchanges heat with the gas, and the raw material liquid is preheated.
  • the raw material liquid enters the water distributor from the inlet of the pipeline, is distributed into a film on the water distributor, flows into the heat exchange plate, and evaporates on the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate, and the unvaporized raw material liquid is discharged through the tail liquid outlet.
  • At least one plate is used as a heat exchange plate
  • the air pump circulates gas in the system, and the gas is heated into a high temperature gas when passing through the heater, and the high temperature gas flows through the condensation surface of the heat exchanger plate, wherein the steam contained therein is condensed.
  • the surface condenses and releases heat, which releases heat to evaporate the raw material liquid on the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate.
  • the gas is condensed and then enters the cooling device where it exchanges heat with the raw material liquid and is cooled.
  • the cooled gas is sent to the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate by the air pump through the gas pipeline and the gas inlet, and flows through the evaporation surface to evaporate the raw material liquid on the evaporation surface, and the gas is heated by the heat exchanger plate into a high temperature and high humidity gas.
  • the high temperature and high humidity gas is heated by the heater or heated to heat the raw material liquid to complete a cycle.
  • the raw material liquid is introduced through the raw material liquid pipe and flows through the cooling device to exchange heat with the gas. After being preheated, the raw material liquid pipe enters the water distributor, and is distributed into a film form in the water distributor to flow through the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate.
  • the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate evaporates, and the unvaporized raw material liquid is discharged through the tail liquid outlet.
  • the condensate in the heat exchange plate and the cooling device is discharged through the outlet.
  • the housing has a thermal insulation function that reduces system heat loss. Adjustable gas flow rate The gas on both sides of the heat exchanger plate is sufficiently heat exchanged and the gas is sufficiently cooled in the cooling device to reduce the drainage temperature and reduce heat loss to improve the thermal efficiency of the system.
  • the steam nozzle sprays the steam of the raw material liquid into the gas, and the steam is mixed with the gas.
  • the gas flows through the condensation surface of the heat exchanger plate to generate the condensate and simultaneously heat the heat exchange plate.
  • the cooled gas is pumped by the wind to the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate, and the raw material liquid is forced to evaporate on the evaporation surface, and is heated to a high temperature and high humidity gas.
  • the feed liquid enters the system from the inlet and is divided into two parts, one part is heat exchanged with the tail liquid heat exchanger and the tail liquid, and the other part is heat exchanged by the condensate heat exchanger and the condensate.
  • the amount of feed liquid passing through the tail liquid heat exchanger is substantially equal to the amount of tail liquid
  • the amount of raw material liquid passing through the condensate heat exchanger is substantially equal to the amount of condensate.
  • the tail liquid heat exchanger and the condensate heat exchanger use liquid-liquid heat exchange to have higher efficiency and reduce heat loss caused by incomplete heat exchange of the heat exchanger plate or the cooling device.
  • the raw material liquid passing through the condensate heat exchanger and the tail liquid heat exchanger is collected again, then enters the cooling device to cool the gas, and finally enters the water distributor through the raw material liquid pipe.
  • the distillation apparatus and distillation method of the present invention are mainly used for distillation purification or concentration of liquids, such as production of distilled water, seawater desalination, salting of seawater, and concentration of extracts.
  • the distillation apparatus of the present invention since the heat of condensation is relatively completely recovered, not only the heat of the preheated raw material liquid is mainly derived from the heat of condensation, but also the heat of vaporization of the liquid is substantially derived from the heat of condensation, so that a large amount of energy is saved, and at the same time, the present invention
  • the distillation apparatus has the advantage of not requiring cooling water or reducing the amount of cooling water.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the improved structure of the raw material water pipe of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a distillation apparatus having a plurality of heat exchange plates.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a distillation apparatus for air-cooled gas.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a distillation apparatus for heating a raw material liquid by a heater.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a horizontal tube type distillation apparatus.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a distillation apparatus which does not include a cooling device.
  • a liquid distillation apparatus includes gas pipes 15 and 17 of an annular circuit structure in which gas is present in the gas pipes 15 and 17, and a gas pipe 10 is disconnected at a certain point, and the gas inlet 10 on the casing is connected to each other. At one end of the opening, the gas outlet 21 is connected to the other end of the disconnection.
  • the gas pipe 15 communicates with the gas inlet 10 on the casing, and the gas pipe 17 communicates with the circulating gas outlet 21 on the casing.
  • the casing 14 is provided with a heat exchanger plate 2, and one side of the heat exchanger plate 2 is arranged to evaporate. The other side of the heat exchanger plate 2 is disposed as a condensation surface, and the heater 14 is installed inside the casing 14.
  • the circulation gas pipe 15 is connected to the air pump 4 and the cooling device 3, and the gas pipe 15 is provided with a tail liquid outlet 8, gas.
  • the pipe 17 is provided with a condensate outlet 5, and the raw material liquid pipe 6 is connected to the cooling device 3, and the inlet of the raw material liquid pipe 6 is connected from the cooling device 3 to the liquid distributor 7, and the liquid distributor 7 is located above the top end of the heat exchanger plate 2, the liquid One end of the distributor 7 receives the outlet of the raw material water pipe 6, and the other end of the liquid distributor 7 receives the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate 2.
  • the evaporation surface and the evaporation surface or the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate 2 form an evaporation region with the casing, and the condensation surface and the condensation surface or the condensation surface form a condensation region with the casing.
  • One end of the evaporation zone is only in communication with the gas inlet 10
  • one end of the condensation zone is only in communication with the gas outlet 21, and the other end of the evaporation zone is in communication with the other end of the condensation zone in the casing.
  • the cooling device 3 is a liquid-to-gas heat exchanger, and the raw material liquid pipe is a finned spiral pipe in the cooling device 3, and the gas exchanges heat with the liquid in the pipe when the gas passes through the outer surface of the spiral pipe, and the gas is cooled while the raw material The liquid is preheated.
  • the rectangular stainless steel corrugated plate 2 is used as a heat exchange plate, and the air pump 4 circulates gas in the system.
  • the gas passes through the heater 1, it is heated to a high temperature gas, and the high temperature gas flows through the condensation surface of the heat exchanger plate 2, The steam contained therein condenses on the condensation surface and releases heat, which releases heat to evaporate the raw material liquid on the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate 2.
  • the cooling device 3 exchanges heat with the raw material liquid in the cooling device 3, and is cooled to an initial temperature close to the raw material liquid.
  • the cooled gas is then sent by the wind pump to the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate through the gas pipe 15, and flows through the evaporation surface to evaporate the raw material liquid on the evaporation surface, and the gas is heated by the heat exchanger plate into a high temperature and high humidity gas, and the high temperature is high.
  • the wet gas is then heated by the heater to complete a cycle.
  • the raw material liquid enters the cooling device through the inlet, is preheated, and then enters the liquid liquid distributor 7 from the raw material liquid pipe 6, and is distributed into a film form in the liquid distributor 7 to flow through the heat exchange plate, on the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate.
  • the evaporated, unvaporized feed liquid is discharged through the tail liquid outlet 8.
  • the condensate in the heat exchange plate and the cooling device is discharged through the outlet 5.
  • the outer casing 14 has a heat retention function that reduces system heat loss.
  • the gas flow rate can be adjusted to fully exchange heat between the two sides of the heat exchanger plate and the circulating gas is sufficiently cooled in the cooling device to reduce the drainage temperature and reduce heat loss to improve the thermal efficiency of the system.
  • the raw material liquid pipe 6 is divided into two branch roads, and the two branch roads correspond to the series heat exchanger 12 and the heat exchanger 13 one by one, and then the raw material water pipe 6 which is combined into one way penetrates into the cooling device 3 and is connected to the top of the heat exchanger plate.
  • Liquid distributor 7. The raw material liquid is heat-exchanged with the tail liquid and the condensate through the heat exchanger 12 and the heat exchanger 13, respectively, to achieve the purpose of recovering heat and reducing heat removal.
  • the top heater 1 in the casing 14 is a steam nozzle that heats the gas while injecting steam of the raw material liquid into the gas while promoting the gas flow.
  • the gas is air, it can be nitrogen, or it is argon, or carbon dioxide, or Steam and mixed gas of the raw material liquid.
  • the evaporation surface and the evaporation surface or the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate 2 form an evaporation region with the casing, and the condensation surface and the condensation surface or the condensation surface form a condensation region with the casing.
  • One end of the evaporation zone is only in communication with the gas inlet 10
  • one end of the condensation zone is only in communication with the gas outlet 21, and the other end of the evaporation zone is in communication with the other end of the condensation zone in the casing.
  • Gas is distributed into each of the evaporation zones through a gas inlet 10 in the housing, from the evaporation zone to the condensation zone, and from the condensation zone to the gas conduit 17 through the gas outlet 21 on the casing.
  • the condensate enters the gas conduit 17 through the communication port of the condensation zone and the gas outlet 21 and is discharged by the condensate outlet 5, and the tail liquid flows out through the gas inlet 10, enters the tail liquid, and is discharged.
  • a plurality of heat exchange plates 2 having transverse ribs are disposed in the casing 14, and the heat exchange plates are equidistantly disposed in the casing 14, wherein the heater 1 is a hot plate located at the top of the casing.
  • the cooling device 3 is a liquid-gas heat exchange fin tube
  • the air pump 4 drives the gas to flow, and the condensate is discharged through the condensate outlet 5;
  • the raw material liquid enters the liquid distributor through the cooling device 3 through the raw material liquid inlet 6 7.
  • the liquid distributor 7 is distributed through the evaporation surface, and the unvaporized tail liquid is discharged from the tail liquid outlet 8, and the gas flows in a flow direction such as 9.
  • the evaporation surface and the evaporation surface or the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate 2 and the housing form an evaporation zone 18, which forms a condensation zone 19 with the condensation or condensation surface and the housing.
  • One end of the evaporation zone is only in communication with the gas inlet 10
  • one end of the condensation zone is only in communication with the gas outlet 21, and the other end of the evaporation zone is in communication with the other end of the condensation zone at the heater 1 in the casing.
  • the gas inlet 10 on the casing communicates with one end of the break, and the gas outlet 21 communicates to the other end of the break.
  • the gas inlet 10 is in communication with the gas conduit 15, and the gas outlet 21 is in communication with the gas conduit 17, and the condensate enters the gas conduit 17 through the communication port of the condensation region and the gas outlet 21 and is discharged through the condensate outlet 5, and the tail liquid flows out through the gas inlet 10. , into the tail liquid out, 8 discharge.
  • the gas is distributed through the gas inlet 10 through the gas inlet 10 into the evaporation zone 18 composed of the evaporation surfaces of the adjacent two plates, and rises along the evaporation surface, forcing the raw material liquid to evaporate and is continuously heated to a high temperature and high humidity gas, and the high temperature and high humidity gas is at the top. Passing through the water distributor 7 to reach the surface of the hot plate 1 and further heating to a certain temperature, and then entering the condensation zone 19 formed by the condensation surface of the heat exchanger plate, being continuously cooled on the condensation surface, and the liquid vapor is condensed on the condensation surface. At the same time, the heat exchange plate is heated.
  • the gas cooled and condensed on the condensation surface collects through the gas outlet 21 into the gas conduit 17, and is further cooled by the air or raw material liquid through the condensing device 3, and the cooled gas is transported into the tube by the gas pump. Road 15 loops.
  • parameters such as gas flow rate, electric heating plate power, and raw material water flow rate can be adjusted.
  • the heat exchange between the gas, the condensate and the tail liquid is performed through the heat exchange plate, so that the temperature of the intake liquid of the tail liquid, the condensate, and the gas pipe 15 at the bottom of the heat exchange plate is substantially close.
  • it is necessary to increase the temperature difference of the gas on both sides of the heat exchanger plate, so that the temperature of the gas discharged from the pipe 17 can be higher, but is cooled in the cooling device. Except for the heat dissipation of the system, the heat discharged is only caused by the temperature difference between the tail liquid and the initial temperature of the condensate and the raw material liquid.
  • the gas conduit 15 communicates with the gas inlet 10 on the casing 14
  • the gas outlet 21 communicates with the gas conduit 17, and the interior of the gas conduit is disconnected, and the gas inlet 10 on the casing
  • One end of the disconnection is connected
  • the gas outlet 21 is connected to the other end of the disconnection
  • the heat exchanger plate 2 with embossing is arranged in the casing 14, and the heater 1 is installed in the casing 14, and the gas outlet 21 on the casing
  • the gas pipe 17 is connected, and the gas pipe is connected to the cooling device 3 and the air pump 4.
  • the gas pipe 15 is provided with a tail liquid outlet 8, and the gas pipe 17 is provided with a condensate outlet 5, and the cooling device 3 is provided with a fan 20, and a raw material water pipe 6 A liquid distributor 7 is connected, and the other end of the liquid distributor 7 receives the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate 2.
  • the evaporation surface and the evaporation surface or the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate 2 and the casing form an evaporation region, and the condensation surface and the condensation surface or the condensation surface form a condensation region with the casing, and one end of the evaporation region is only connected to the gas inlet 10, and only one end of the condensation region is
  • the gas outlet 21 is in communication, and the other end of the evaporation zone communicates with the other end of the condensation zone in the housing.
  • the condensate enters the gas conduit 17 through the communication port of the condensation zone and the gas outlet 21 and is discharged by the condensate outlet 5, and the tail liquid flows out through the gas inlet 10, enters the tail liquid, and is discharged.
  • the cooling device consists of a set of heat exchange tubes juxtaposed and connected to the gas pipeline.
  • the fan is used to drive the air to cool the heat exchange tubes of the cooling device to lower the gas temperature.
  • a liquid distillation apparatus has gas in the gas pipes 15 and 17, and a gas inlet 10 and a gas outlet 21 are provided in the casing, and the gas pipes 15 and 17 communicate with the gas inlet 10 and the gas outlet 21, and the inside of the casing 14
  • the heat exchanger plate 2 is provided, and the heater 1 is installed inside or outside the raw material liquid pipe between the water distributor 7 and the heat exchanger 11.
  • the raw material liquid pipe section where the heater 1 is located may be disposed in the casing or in the shell. Outside the body 14, the heater 1 can be an electric heating tube.
  • the gas pipes 15 and 17 communicate with the cooling device 3 and the air pump 4, the gas pipe 15 is provided with a tail liquid outlet 8 which is provided with a condensate outlet 5, the raw material liquid pipe 6 passes through the heat exchanger 3 and is connected to the heat exchanger 11 and The liquid distributor 7, the other end of the water distributor 7 receives the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate 2.
  • the evaporation surface and the evaporation surface or the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate 2 form an evaporation region, a condensation surface and a condensation surface or condensation
  • the surface and the casing form a condensation zone, and one end of the evaporation zone is only in communication with the gas inlet 10, one end of the condensation zone is only in communication with the gas outlet 21, and the other end of the evaporation zone is in communication with the other end of the condensation zone in the casing.
  • the condensate enters the gas conduit 17 through the communication port of the condensation zone and the gas outlet 21 and is discharged from the condensate outlet 5, and the tail liquid flows out through the gas inlet 10, enters the tail liquid, and is discharged.
  • the heat exchanger is disposed in the condensation zone or the evaporation zone or the junction of the two zones for preheating the raw material liquid, preferably the gas is preheated sufficiently for the raw material liquid, for example, the temperature is close to the maximum temperature of the gas after preheating.
  • a heat exchanger 11 may be disposed in each of the condensation zones, and the heat exchangers 11 may be connected in series or in parallel.
  • the air pump drives the gas flow, and the gas inlet 10 entering the casing through the gas pipe 15 is distributed into each evaporation zone, flows through the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate, and then enters the condensation zone from the evaporation zone, flows through the condensation surface, and is in all the condensation zones.
  • the gas collects in the gas outlet 21 and enters the gas conduit 17 into the circulation loop.
  • the cooling device 3 is a liquid-gas heat exchanger, and the raw material liquid pipe may be a finned spiral pipe in the cooling device 3, and the gas exchanges heat with the liquid in the pipe when the gas passes through the outer surface of the spiral pipe, and the gas is cooled.
  • the raw material liquid is preheated, and the preheated raw material liquid enters the heat exchanger 11 via the pipeline 16 and is further preheated by the high temperature and high humidity gas, and then heated by the heater 1 to a certain temperature, and the heat exchanger 11 can be closely pressed.
  • the hot plate 2 is such that the condensate generated thereon flows down the heat exchange plate 2.
  • the heat exchange plate described in this embodiment is a tubular heat exchange tube 2, and a plurality of tubes are placed laterally in the housing 14 or one end of the tube is higher than the other end to facilitate the outflow of the condensate, and the inner surface of the tube 2 is
  • the condensing surface, the condensing surface encloses a condensing zone 19, the outer surface is an evaporation surface, and the evaporation surface constitutes an evaporation zone 18, and the water distributor 7 sprays the liquid outside the tube 2 and flows through the outer surface of each tube 2 from top to bottom.
  • the condensation zone 19 is in communication with the gas outlet 21 on the housing 14 at one end.
  • the evaporation zone 18 is in communication with the gas inlet 10 on the housing 14 at one end, and the other end of the evaporation zone is in communication with the other end of the condensation zone in the housing.
  • the inside of the circulating gas pipe is disconnected somewhere, the gas inlet 10 on the casing communicates with one end of the disconnection, and the gas outlet 21 communicates to the other end of the disconnection.
  • the gas inlet 10 is in communication with the gas conduit 15, and the gas outlet 21 is in communication with the gas conduit 17, and the condensate enters the gas conduit 17 through the communication port of the condensation region and the gas outlet 21 and is discharged through the condensate outlet 5, and the tail liquid flows out through the gas inlet 10. , into the tail liquid out, 8 discharge.
  • the raw material liquid enters the pipeline from the raw material liquid inlet 6, is preheated by the cooling device 3, and the gas is cooled, and then enters the heat exchanger 13 from the raw material liquid pipe 16, is preheated by the tail liquid, and then enters the heat exchanger 11 to be further gas.
  • the heater 1 is heated to a certain temperature, and the heated raw material liquid enters the water distributor 7, and is sprayed onto the outer surface of the tube 2 in the liquid distributor 7. It is also possible to provide another heat exchanger at the outlet of the condensate to exchange heat between a part of the raw material liquid passing through the cooling device and the condensate to reduce the heat loss of the liquid discharge.
  • Condensate produced on heat exchanger 11 The body is discharged from the inside of the introduction pipe 2 through the condensate outlet.
  • the air pump driving gas enters the outer surface area of the heat exchange tube 2 from the gas inlet 10 on the casing, and flows to the other end while forcing the liquid of the outer surface to evaporate, and then enters the inner surface of the heat exchange tube 2, and the liquid vapor condenses on the inner surface. Then, the gas enters the gas pipe 15 through the gas outlet 21 on the casing 14, enters the cooling device, is cooled, and then enters the air pump to complete the cycle.
  • the air pump 4 is connected to an air purifying device 23 via a gas duct 15, and the air purifying device 23 is connected to a gas inlet 10 on the casing 14 through a gas duct, and a gas outlet on the casing 14.
  • 21 is connected to the heat recovery heat exchanger 22 through the gas pipe 17
  • a corrugated heat exchanger plate 2 is disposed in the casing 14, and a heater 1 is installed inside or outside the raw material liquid pipe between the water distributor 7 and the heat exchanger 11.
  • the raw material liquid pipe section in which the heater 1 is located may be disposed in the casing or outside the casing 14.
  • the heater 1 may be a heat exchanger or an electric heating pipe.
  • the gas pipe 15 is provided with a tail liquid outlet 8 which is provided with a condensate outlet 5, the raw material liquid pipe 6 passes through the heat recovery heat exchanger 22 and is connected to the heat exchanger 11 and the water distributor 7, and the other end of the water distributor 7 is replaced
  • the air pump 4 draws air from the environment and drives the gas to flow, enters the air purification device 23 via the gas conduit 15, and is distributed into each evaporation region by the gas inlet 10 on the casing, flows through the evaporation surface of the heat exchanger plate, and then evaporates.
  • the zone enters the condensing zone and flows through the condensing surface.
  • the gases in all condensing zones collect at the gas outlet 21 into the gas conduit 17 into the heat recovery heat exchanger 22 and finally into the environment.
  • the evaporation surface and the evaporation surface or the evaporation surface of the heat exchange plate 2 and the casing form an evaporation region, and the condensation surface and the condensation surface or the condensation surface form a condensation region with the casing, and one end of the evaporation region is only connected to the gas inlet 10, and only one end of the condensation region is
  • the gas outlet 21 is in communication, and the other end of the evaporation zone communicates with the other end of the condensation zone in the housing.
  • the condensate enters the gas conduit 17 through the communication port of the condensation zone and the gas outlet 21 and is discharged from the condensate outlet 5, and the tail liquid flows out through the gas inlet 10, enters the tail liquid, and is discharged.
  • the heat exchanger 11 is disposed in the condensation zone for preheating the raw material liquid, preferably the gas is sufficiently preheated to the raw material liquid, for example, the temperature is close to the maximum temperature of the gas after preheating.
  • a heat exchanger 11 may be disposed in each condensation zone, and the heat exchangers 11 may be connected in series or in parallel, and the heat exchanger 11 may be in close contact with the heat exchanger plate 2 The condensate produced thereon is caused to flow down the heat exchange plate 2.
  • the heat recovery heat exchanger 22 is a liquid-gas heat exchanger, and the raw material liquid pipe may be a finned spiral pipe in the heat recovery heat exchanger 22, and the gas generates heat with the liquid in the pipe when passing through the outer surface of the spiral pipe.
  • the gas is cooled while the raw material liquid is preheated, and the preheated raw material liquid enters the heat exchanger 11 via the pipe 16 and is further preheated by the high temperature and high humidity gas, and then heated by the heater 1 to a certain temperature.

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Abstract

一种液体蒸馏设备及蒸馏方法，该设备在壳体（14）中设置换热板（2），换热板（2）两面分别设置为蒸发面、冷凝面，气体管道（15，17）连接风泵（4）、冷却装置（3），冷却装置（3）中设置原料液体管道（6）。该方法利用风泵（4）使气体流动，气体依次经过换热板（2）的蒸发面和冷凝面，强迫液体蒸发和冷凝，液体的蒸发和冷凝在换热板（2）的两面分别同时进行，换热板（2）传递冷凝热用于液体的蒸发吸热。

Description

一种液体蒸馏设备 技术领域
本发明涉及液体蒸馏领域，具体是一种液体蒸馏纯化、浓缩设备及蒸馏方法。
背景技术
现有的蒸馏技术，包括蒸馏水生产、海水淡化、液体浓缩。较多提及将海水或原料液体加热，再使热水对空气加热增湿，增湿后的空气再被冷却，产生冷凝水。在现有的该技术中多用水冷却产生蒸馏水，这样大量的热量被废水带走，热效率极低。另外，现有技术中还提及利用冷凝热对原料水进行预热的技术，在该技术方案中原料水被充分预热。但是相同量的水即使被加热到沸腾，所需的热量也仅为其蒸发热的约20％，即仍有约80％的凝结热被浪费。所以如果仅用冷凝热预热原料水，至多节约20％的热量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种液体蒸馏设备及蒸馏方法，以解决现有技术存在的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：包括有壳体、风泵、加热器、原料液体管道，以及连通壳体、风泵的气体管道，壳体上设有气体入口和出口，加热器位于壳体内或壳体外，壳体内还设置有液体分布器、至少一块换热板，所述换热板一面设为蒸发面、另一面设为冷凝面，由换热板蒸发面与对应侧壳体侧壁或相邻换热板蒸发面构成的空间为蒸发区域，换热板冷凝面与对应侧壳体侧壁或相邻换热板冷凝面构成的空间为冷凝区域，蒸发区域一端只与气体入口连通，冷凝区域一端只与气体出口连通，蒸发区域另一端与冷凝区域另一端在壳体内相通，所述气体入口或出口与风泵相通，所述液体分布器一端承接换热板的蒸发面，另一端承接原料液体管道，所述壳体或气体管道上设有尾液出口和冷凝液出口。
所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述的蒸馏设备还包括冷却装置，冷却装置连接于气体管道中且气体管道构成封闭循环回路。
所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述的加热器可以设置在原料液体管道内或其外侧，对原料液体进行加热。
所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述的原料液体管道上设有换热器，换热器处于壳体内，用于原料液体与气体间进行热交换。
所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述的加热器为伸入壳体中的蒸汽喷管，向壳体内的气体喷入原料液体的蒸汽来加热气体和带动气体流动。
所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述原料液体管道通过冷却装置，且位于冷却装置内的管段串联换热器，用原料液体与冷却装置中气体进行热交换。
所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述的蒸馏设备还包括抽气机，使系统内的气体压力小于大气压。
所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述换热板为管状，管的内外表面分别作为冷凝面和蒸发面。
所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：在尾液出口和冷凝液出口处分别设有换热器，换热器与原料液体管道的两个支路相通，用于尾液和冷凝液对原料液体进行预热。
所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：原料液体管道上并联三个换热器，且分别位于尾液出口、冷凝液出口、气体排出口管道内，用于原料液体和排气、尾液、冷凝液间的热量交换。
所述的加热装置为一个使气体或原料液体温度升高的装置，可以使用电热方式，也可以使用蒸汽加热、废热回收等方式。例如电热板、电热管、蒸汽喷管、换热器等。当使用蒸汽加热时，也可以是蒸汽直接注入气体中。对于较小产量的蒸馏设备，优选使用电加热，而对于较大产量的设备优选使用水蒸汽加热，在生产蒸馏水时可以水蒸汽直接注入气体中与气体混合的加热方式或水蒸气通入原料水中对原料水进行加热。
另外，加热装置可以置于壳体内或壳体外对原料液体或被预热后的原料液体进行加热，将原料液体加热至一定温度，例如加热装置为电热管且置于壳体内原料液体的管道内或外侧，或者置于处于壳体外的原料液体管段的内或外对原料液体进行加热，当原料液体由液体分布器分布到换热板上后，其一方面蒸发进入气体，一方面对气体进行加热。当使用加热器对原料液体加热的设计时，等同于直接对高温原料液体进行蒸馏纯化，即直接采用高温原料液体(或对高温液体原料进一步加热增高温度)送人液体分布器。
所述的蒸馏设备至少有一个换热板，换热板的作用是隔开蒸发区域和冷凝区域，并且两个区域问的气体通过换热板进行热交换，因而换热板的材质、形状应利于板两边的物质进行热交换。在换热板的两面分别进行液体的蒸发和冷凝，其热量通过换热板传递。所述的换热板可以是平板状，但不局限于平板状，也可以是管状或其他形状，例如瓦形、弧形、螺旋形等。换热板可以带有波纹、压花、翅片以增加换热效率。换热板的材质应该具有很好的导热性能，优选金属，例如不锈钢、铜、铝、钛合金等性质稳定、热导率 高的材料。换热板一面由液体分布器产生液体膜，另一面为冷凝面，蒸气在冷凝面冷凝。优选换热板竖向放置，原料液体和冷凝液自上而下在板两面流下，气体自下而上或自上而下的流经板面。换热板也可以横向放置，即原料液体自上而下的喷淋向下流经换热板，而气体则横向流经换热板。当换热板为管状时且横向水平放置或与水平面成一定夹角放置时，原料液体可以喷淋分布在管的外表面，外表面作为蒸发面，内表面作为冷凝面。另外，所述的换热板可以是热管，热管的两端分别作为蒸发面和冷凝面。
为了增加水性原料液体在蒸发面的成膜性，可以对换热板的蒸发面进行亲水化处理，例如氧化、涂布亲水性油漆等，可以对换热板表面进行粗糙化加工、拉丝、压花加工等处理，以利于原料液体分布及热交换。
当所述的蒸馏设备含有多于一块换热板时，各板以一定距离放置，相邻的板间的空间有气体流过，且每块板的两侧气体流向相反，高温高湿气体与低温气体在板的冷凝面和蒸发面以相反方向流过，并且通过换热板进行热量交换及蒸发、冷凝。
当本发明的蒸馏设备不包含冷却装置时，可以在原料液体管道上并联三个换热器，且换热器分别位于尾液出口、冷凝液出口、气体排出口管道内，用于原料液体与尾液、冷凝液和排气间的热量交换，原料液体被预热。这样减少排出的尾液和冷凝液、排气所带走的热量，增加系统的热效率。
当本发明包括冷却装置时，冷却装置串联于气体管道中，且与气体管道共同形成一个封闭的循环回路。气体在系统内循环流动，经过冷却装置时被冷却。所述的冷却装置是一个换热器，在该换热器内气体与与环境中的空气或冷却水或原料液体进行热交换，使气体温度进一步降低。该方案实施时，可以用风扇产生空气流对换热器中的气体进行冷却或使用水对气体进行冷却，所述的换热器可以是翅片换热管、螺旋管、板状换热器等，气体在管内流动，风扇产的气流流经翅片管外的翅片表面或螺旋管外表面。冷却装置与风泵在气体循环管道上的连接次序可以互换，即气体可以先流经冷却装置再流经风泵，也可以先流经风泵再流经冷却装置。当气体先流经冷却装置再流经风泵时，由于气体温度降低，对风泵的性能、寿命影响较小；当气体先流经风泵再流经冷却装置时，气体中的灰尘、颗粒、细菌等杂质会粘附于冷却装置内，从而气体得到净化。
另外，在所述的冷却装置内的气体也可以是与原料液体进行热交换。以达到原料液体被加热，气体被冷却的目的，同时气体中的原料液体蒸气被冷凝产生少量的冷凝液。优选冷却装置充分对气体冷却，冷却至温度与原料液体初始温度接近。采用本设计方案时，可以在原料液体管道上再设两个换热器，分别处于尾液和冷凝液出口，用于原料液 体和尾液、冷凝液间热交换，预热原料液体。原料液体可以被尾液和冷凝液预热后再经过冷却装置，冷却气体，或者部分原料液体对气体进行冷却，部分原料液体与尾液和冷凝液进行热交换
本发明还可以在位于壳体内的原料液体管道上串联换热器，且将换热器置于冷凝区域、蒸发区域或冷凝区域与蒸发区域结合处，用于高温高湿的气体预热原料液体。
本发明所述的尾液和冷凝液出口上可以设置有阀门或液体泵，或靠液体自身的压力流出，尾液和冷凝液出口可以用于系统内气体的充入、抽出。尾液和冷凝液出口可以位于壳体上或气体管道上，通常应处于系统的最低位置，以使气体管道、冷却装置中产生的冷凝液均可以流出。
本发明所述风泵作用为使气体产生流动。
本发明所述的液体分布器为使液体均匀分布于蒸发面上呈膜状流下的装置，当原料液体为水时即为布水器。
液体表面较低的压力可以利于液体的蒸发，同时也可以降低风泵的阻力，所以气体的压力可以小于大气压力，例如可以为0.01-0.9个大气压。此时，一方面可以靠增加抽气机将气体从系统抽去来实现，也可以通过提高系统的气密性，在抽气后维持较低气压运行，或者同时采用这两种方法。
另外，所述的气体通常为空气，也可以是其他气体或含有原料液体蒸汽的混合气体，尤其是增加冷却装置且系统为封闭循环时，可以使用其他气体，例如氮气、氩气、二氧化碳、原料液体的蒸汽等气体或一种以上气体的混合气体。以提高蒸馏后液体纯度，例如当气体为氮气时，蒸馏水中的氧气、二氧化碳含量就会相对较少。或者通过不断更换、补充系统气体的维持气体的纯度以及带走其他杂质气体。
原料液体或气体流经加热器后，被加热至一定温度。当原料液体为水时优选80-100度，优选通常加热温度不超过100度，以节约加热所需热能。在气体的压力为小于大气压力时，最高加热温度也应降低。优选加热后的气体的温度接近液体沸点。所述液体如乙醇、甲醇、糖浆、提取液、海水等需要蒸馏纯化或浓缩的液体。
本发明优选充分增加换热板换热效果，那么换热板底部的尾液、冷凝液、气体管道的进气的温度基本接近。而为了提高产量，必须增加换热板两边气体的温差，这样由管道所排出的气体温度就较高，但在冷却装置内可以被原料液体冷却至基本接近原料液体的初始温度或者排气预热原料液体后温度会被降低。
系统还可以包括调控装置，根据环境及原料液体、冷凝液温度、产量/能效等因素， 调节气体流量、原料液体流量、加热温度等。
冷凝区域和蒸发区域可以加入扰流插件以增加换热效果。
根据本发明的液体蒸馏方法，通过风泵吸入环境中的空气同时使气体管道内的气体产生流动或循环。在换热板的蒸发面气体的初始温度较低，随着气体流经换热板，其不断的被换热板加热，温度逐渐升高，同时换热板蒸发面流经的液体气化进入气体，整个过程中气体温度增加、含蒸汽量增加，最终被加热器或加热后的原料液体进一步加热，温度升高。升温后的气体开始流经换热板的冷凝面被不断的冷却，其所含蒸气在冷凝面凝结，冷凝放出的热量对换热板加热，使换热板的蒸发面的液体蒸发。气体在换热板的冷凝面被冷却后排出或经过回收热量后排出或进入冷却装置。进入冷却装置的气体被进一步冷却，被冷却后的气体再被风泵经气体管道、壳体上的气体入口送至换热板的蒸发面，流经蒸发面强迫蒸发面的原料液体蒸发，同时气体被换热板加热，再被加热器或原料液体进一步加热为高温气体，完成一个循环。
在冷却装置内气体可以与原料液体换热冷却，热量用于预热原料液体。原料液体冷却气体，由于原料液体在一段时间内温度基本恒定，所以冷却后的气体温度也基本恒定，比如接近原料液体的温度或者环境温度。优选充分利用原料液体冷却气体，使冷却后的气体温度基本接近原料液体的初始温度。
当使用冷却水或原料液体在冷却装置内对气体进行冷却时，冷却装置为一个液-气换热器，在其内原料液体与气体进行热交换，原料液体被预热。原料液体由管道入口进入布水器，在布水器上被分布成膜状后流入换热板，在换热板的蒸发面蒸发，未蒸发的原料液体经尾液出口排出。
如图1所示。本发明中，至少一块板作为换热板，风泵使气体在系统内循环，气体经过加热器时被加热成高温气体，高温气体再流经换热板的冷凝面，其中所含蒸汽在冷凝面上冷凝并放热，其所放出热量使换热板的蒸发面上的原料液体蒸发。气体被冷凝后再进入冷却装置，在冷却装置内与原料液体进行热交换并被冷却。被冷却后的气体再被风泵经气体管道、气体入口送至换热板的蒸发面，流经蒸发面强迫蒸发面上的原料液体蒸发，同时气体被换热板加热成高温高湿气体，高温高湿的气体再被加热器加热或被加热后原料液体加热，完成一个循环。原料液体经原料液体管道导入并流经冷却装置与气体进行热交换，被预热后由原料液体管道进入布水器，在布水器内被分布成膜状流经换热板蒸发面，在换热板的蒸发面蒸发，未蒸发的原料液体经尾液出口排出。换热板与冷却装置内的冷凝液经出口排出。外壳具有保温功能，减少系统热损失。可调节气体流速 使换热板两边的气体充分进行热交换以及气体在冷却装置内被充分冷却，降低排水温度，减少热损失，以提高系统热效率。
如图2所示。蒸汽喷口向气体喷入原料液体的蒸汽，蒸汽与气体混合，气体被加热至一定温度之后流经换热板的冷凝面，产生冷凝液同时对换热板进行加热。再在冷却装置内被冷却，被冷却后的气体被风泵送至换热板的蒸发面，在蒸发面强迫原料液体蒸发，同时被加热成高温高湿气体。原料液体由入口进入系统，被分成两部分，一部分经过尾液换热器和尾液进行热交换，一部分经过冷凝液换热器和冷凝液进行热交换。优选经过尾液换热器的原料液体量基本与尾液量相等，而经过冷凝液换热器的原料液体量基本与冷凝液量相等。尾液换热器和冷凝液换热器采用液一液换热具有更高的效率，减少了由于换热板或冷却装置换热不彻底所造成的热损失。经过冷凝液换热器和尾液换热器的原料液体再汇集后进入冷却装置对气体进行冷却，最后经过原料液管道进入布水器。
本发明的蒸馏设备及蒸馏方法主要用于液体的蒸馏纯化或浓缩，例如蒸馏水的生产、海水淡化、海水浓缩制盐、提取液的浓缩等。根据本发明的蒸馏设备由于比较完全的回收了冷凝热，不仅预热原料液体的热量主要来自冷凝热，而且液体的蒸发吸热也基本来自冷凝热，所以节约了大量的能源，同时本发明的蒸馏设备具有无需冷却水或减少冷却水的用量的优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图。
图2为本发明原料水管道改进后结构示意图。
图3为具有多块换热板的蒸馏设备结构示意图。
图4为空气冷却气体的蒸馏设备示意图。
图5为加热器对原料液体加热的蒸馏设备结构示意图。
图6为横管式蒸馏设备结构示意图。
图7不包含冷却装置的蒸馏设备结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
如图1所示，一种液体蒸馏设备，包括环形回路结构的气体管道15和17，气体管道15和17中有气体，气体管道内部某一处断开，壳体上的气体入口10连通断开处一端，气体出口21连通至断开处另一端。气体管道15连通壳体上的气体入口10，气体管道17连通壳体上的循环气体出口21，壳体14中设置有换热板2，换热板2一侧面设置为蒸发 面，换热板2另一侧设置为冷凝面，壳体14内部安装有加热器1，循环气体管道15连通安装有风泵4和冷却装置3，气体管道15设有尾液出口8，气体管道17设有冷凝液出口5，原料液体管道6连接冷却装置3中设置，原料液体管道6入口从冷却装置3穿过后连接液体分布器7，液体分布器7位于换热板2顶端上方，液体分布器7一端承接原料水管道6出口，液体分布器7另一端承接换热板2的蒸发面。换热板2的蒸发面与蒸发面或蒸发面与壳体构成蒸发区域，冷凝面与冷凝面或冷凝面与壳体构成冷凝区域。蒸发区域一端只与气体入口10连通，冷凝区域一端只与气体出口21连通，蒸发区域另一端与冷凝区域另一端在壳体内相通。
冷却装置3为一个液一气换热器，原料液体管道在冷却装置3内为带有翅片的螺旋管，气体经过螺旋管的外表面时与管内的液体产生热交换，气体被冷却，同时原料液体被预热。
本发明中，长方形的不锈钢波纹板2作为换热板，风泵4使气体在系统内循环，气体经过加热器1时被加热成高温气体，高温气体再流经换热板2的冷凝面，其中所含蒸汽在冷凝面上冷凝并放热，其所放出热量使换热板2的蒸发面上的原料液体蒸发。气体被冷凝后再进入冷却装置3，在冷却装置3内与原料液体进行热交换，并被冷却至接近原料液体的初始温度。被冷却后的气体再被风泵经气体管道15送至换热板的蒸发面，流经蒸发面强迫蒸发面上的原料液体蒸发，同时气体被换热板加热成高温高湿气体，高温高湿的气体再被加热器加热，完成一个循环。原料液体由入口进入流经冷却装置，被预热后由原料液体管道6进入液体液体分布器7，在液体分布器7内被分布成膜状流经换热板，在换热板的蒸发面蒸发，未蒸发的原料液体经尾液出口8排出。换热板与冷却装置内的冷凝液经出口5排出。外壳14具有保温功能，减少系统热损失。可调节气体流速使换热板两边的气体充分进行热交换以及循环气体在冷却装置内被充分冷却，降低排水温度，减少热损失，以提高系统热效率。
实施例2：
如图2所示。原料液体管道6分为两路支路，两路支路一一对应串联换热器12和换热器13，之后合为一路的原料水管道6穿入冷却装置3后连接位于换热板顶端的液体分布器7。原料液体通过换热器12和换热器13分别与尾液和冷凝液进行热交换，达到回收热量、减少排热的目的。
壳体14内顶部加热器1为蒸汽喷管，通过向气体喷入原料液体的蒸汽来加热气体同时促进气体流动。气体为空气，也可以是氮气，或者是氩气，或者是二氧化碳、或者是 原料液体的蒸汽及混合气体。
带有翅片的换热板2可以有多个，换热板2蒸发面经过亲水化处理，彼此平行竖向设置，且多个换热板蒸发面、冷凝面两两相对放置。换热板2的蒸发面与蒸发面或蒸发面与壳体构成蒸发区域，冷凝面与冷凝面或冷凝面与壳体构成冷凝区域。蒸发区域一端只与气体入口10连通，冷凝区域一端只与气体出口21连通，蒸发区域另一端与冷凝区域另一端在壳体内相通。气体管道内部某一处断开，壳体上的气体入口10连通断开处一端，气体出口21连通至断开处另一端。
气体通过壳体上的气体入口10分配进入每个蒸发区域，由蒸发区域再进入冷凝区域，由冷凝区域再通过壳体上的气体出口21进入气体管道17。冷凝液通过冷凝区域与气体出口21的连通口进入气体管道17并有冷凝液出口5排出，而尾液通过气体入口10流出，进入尾液出，8排出。
实施例3：
如图3所示，壳体14内设有多块带有横肋的换热板2，换热板等距离平行设置于壳体14内，其中加热器1为一个电热板位于壳体内部顶端的顶端，冷却装置3为一个液-气换热的翅片管，风泵4驱动气体流动，冷凝液经冷凝液出口5排出；原料液体由原料液入口6进入经过冷却装置3进入液体分布器7，被液体分布器7分布流经蒸发面，未蒸发的尾液由尾液出口8排出，气体按照流向如9。换热板2的蒸发面与蒸发面或蒸发面与壳体构成蒸发区域18，冷凝面与冷凝面或冷凝面与壳体构成冷凝区域19。蒸发区域一端只与气体入口10连通，冷凝区域一端只与气体出口21连通，蒸发区域另一端与冷凝区域另一端在壳体内加热器1处相通。
气体管道内部某一处断开，壳体上的气体入口10连通断开处一端，气体出口21连通至断开处另一端。气体入口10与气体管道15相通，气体出口21与气体管道17相通，冷凝液通过冷凝区域与气体出口21的连通口进入气体管道17并有冷凝液出口5排出，而尾液通过气体入口10流出，进入尾液出，8排出。
气体经管道15通过气体入口10被分配进入相邻两板蒸发面所组成的蒸发区域18，并沿蒸发面上升，强迫原料液体蒸发并不断被加热成高温高湿气体，高温高湿气体在顶部穿过布水器7到达被电热板1表面并被进一步加热至一定温度，之后进入换热板冷凝面所构成的冷凝区域19，在冷凝面上不断的被冷却，液体蒸气在冷凝面上冷凝，同时放热加热换热板。在冷凝面上被冷凝降温后的气体汇集经过气体出口21进入气体管道17，再经过冷凝装置3被空气或原料液体进一步冷却，被冷却后的气体由气体泵输送进入管 道15进行循环。
本实施例中，可以通过调节气体流量、电热板功率、原料水流量等参数。使气体、冷凝液与尾液之间通过换热板进行充分的热交换，这样换热板底部的尾液、冷凝液、气体管道15的进气的温度基本接近。而为了提高产量，必须增加换热板两边气体的温差，这样由管道17所排出的气体温度可以较高，但在冷却装置内被冷却。除去系统散热外，所排出的热量仅为尾液及冷凝液和原料液体初始温度的温差所造成。
实施例4：
如图4所示，一种液体蒸馏设备，气体管道15连通壳体14上的气体入口10，气体出口21与气体管道17相通，气体管道内部某一处断开，壳体上的气体入口10连通断开处一端，气体出口21连通至断开处另一端，壳体14内设有带有压花的换热板2，壳体14内安装有加热器1，壳体上的气体出口21连通气体管道17，气体管连通冷却装置3和风泵4，气体管道15上设有尾液出口8，气体管道17上设有冷凝液出口5，冷却装置3中设置有风扇20，原料水管道6连接有液体分布器7，液体分布器7另一端承接换热板2的蒸发面。
换热板2的蒸发面与蒸发面或蒸发面与壳体构成蒸发区域，冷凝面与冷凝面或冷凝面与壳体构成冷凝区域，蒸发区域一端只与气体入口10连通，冷凝区域一端只与气体出口21连通，蒸发区域另一端与冷凝区域另一端在壳体内相通。冷凝液通过冷凝区域与气体出口21的连通口进入气体管道17并有冷凝液出口5排出，而尾液通过气体入口10流出，进入尾液出，8排出。
冷却装置由一组并列且与气体管道连接的换热管组成，使用风扇驱动空气对冷却装置的换热管进行冷却，使气体温度降低。
实施例5：
如图5，一种液体蒸馏设备，气体管道15和17中有气体，壳体上设有气体入口10和气体出口21，气体管道15和17连通气体入口10和气体出口21，壳体14内设有换热板2，在布水器7和换热器11之间的原料液体管道内或外安装有加热器1，加热器1所在的原料液体管道段可以设置于壳体内也可以位于壳体14外，所述的加热器1可以为一个电热管。气体管道15和17连通冷却装置3和风泵4，气体管道15设有尾液出口8，气体管道17设有冷凝液出口5，原料液体管道6穿过换热器3并且连接换热器11和液体分布器7，布水器7另一端承接换热板2的蒸发面。
换热板2的蒸发面与蒸发面或蒸发面与壳体构成蒸发区域，冷凝面与冷凝面或冷凝 面与壳体构成冷凝区域，蒸发区域一端只与气体入口10连通，冷凝区域一端只与气体出口21连通，蒸发区域另一端与冷凝区域另一端在壳体内相通。冷凝液通过冷凝区域与气体出口21的连通口进入气体管道17并由冷凝液出口5排出，而尾液通过气体入口10流出，进入尾液出，8排出。
换热器设置于冷凝区域或蒸发区域内或两区域结合处，用于气体预热原料液体，优选气体充分的对原料液体进行预热，例如预热后其温度接近气体的最高温度。当换热板2为多块时，可以在每个冷凝区域均设有一个换热器11，各个换热器11之间可以串联，也可以并联。风泵驱动气体流动，经气体管道15进入壳体上的气体入口10分配进入每个蒸发区域，流经换热板蒸发面，再由蒸发区域进入冷凝区域，流经冷凝面，所有冷凝区域内的气体汇集于气体出口21进入气体管道17进入循环回路。
冷却装置3为一个液-气换热器，原料液体管道在冷却装置3内可以为带有翅片的螺旋管，气体经过螺旋管的外表面时与管内的液体产生热交换，气体被冷却，同时原料液体被预热，被预热后的原料液体经由管道16进入换热器11被高温高湿的气体进一步预热，再被加热器1加热至一定温度，换热器11可以紧贴换热板2，使其上产生的冷凝液沿换热板2流下。
实施例6
本实施例中所述的换热板为管状的换热管2，并且多根在壳体14内横向放置或管的一端比另一端高，以利于冷凝液的流出，管2的内表面为冷凝面，冷凝面围成冷凝区域19，外表面为蒸发面，蒸发面构成蒸发区域18，布水器7将液体喷淋至管2外并自上而下流经各管2的外表面。冷凝区域19在一端均与壳体14上的气体出口21相通，蒸发区域18在一端均与壳体14上的气体入口10相通，蒸发区域另一端与冷凝区域另一端在壳体内相通。循环气体管道内部某一处断开，壳体上的气体入口10连通断开处一端，气体出口21连通至断开处另一端。气体入口10与气体管道15相通，气体出口21与气体管道17相通，冷凝液通过冷凝区域与气体出口21的连通口进入气体管道17并有冷凝液出口5排出，而尾液通过气体入口10流出，进入尾液出，8排出。
原料液体由原料液体入口6进入管道，流经冷却装置3被预热，同时气体被冷却，之后由原料液体管道16进入换热器13，被尾液预热后进入换热器11被气体进一步加热之后再被加热器1加热至一定温度，被加热后的原料液体进入布水器7，在液体分布器7内被喷淋至管2的外表面。也可以在冷凝液出口处设置另外一个换热器，将经过冷却装置的部分原料液体与冷凝液进行热交换，以减少排液热损失。换热器11上产生的冷凝液 体被导入管2的内部经由冷凝液出口流出。
风泵驱动气体由壳体上的气体入口10进入换热管2的外表面区域，并流向另一端同时强迫外表面的液体蒸发，再进入换热管2的内表面，液体蒸汽在内表面凝结，之后气体通过壳体14上的气体出口21进入气体管道15，再进入冷却装置，被冷却后进入风泵，完成循环。
实施例7
如图7，一种液体蒸馏设备，风泵4与通过气体管道15与空气净化设备23相连，空气净化设备23通过气体管道与壳体14上的气体入口10相连，壳体14上的气体出口21通过气体管道17连通热回收换热器22，壳体14内设有波纹状换热板2，在布水器7和换热器11之间的原料液体管道内或外安装有加热器1，加热器1所在的原料液体管道段可以设置于壳体内也可以位于壳体14外，所述的加热器1可以为一个换热器也可以是一个电热管。气体管道15设有尾液出口8，气体管道17设有冷凝液出口5，原料液体管道6穿过热回收换热器22并且连接换热器11和布水器7，布水器7另一端承接换热板2的蒸发面。风泵4从环境中吸取空气并驱动气体流动，经气体管道15进入空气净化设备23，再由壳体上的气体入口10分配进入每个蒸发区域，流经换热板蒸发面，再由蒸发区域进入冷凝区域，流经冷凝面，所有冷凝区域内的气体汇集于气体出口21进入气体管道17进入热回收换热器22，最后排入环境中。
换热板2的蒸发面与蒸发面或蒸发面与壳体构成蒸发区域，冷凝面与冷凝面或冷凝面与壳体构成冷凝区域，蒸发区域一端只与气体入口10连通，冷凝区域一端只与气体出口21连通，蒸发区域另一端与冷凝区域另一端在壳体内相通。冷凝液通过冷凝区域与气体出口21的连通口进入气体管道17并由冷凝液出口5排出，而尾液通过气体入口10流出，进入尾液出，8排出。
换热器11设置于冷凝区域内，用于预热原料液体，优选气体充分的对原料液体进行预热，例如预热后其温度接近气体的最高温度。当换热板2为多块时，可以在每个冷凝区域均设有一个换热器11，各个换热器11之间可以串联，也可以并联，换热器11可以紧贴换热板2，使其上产生的冷凝液沿换热板2流下。
热回收换热器22为一个液-气换热器，原料液体管道在热回收换热器22内可以为带有翅片的螺旋管，气体经过螺旋管的外表面时与管内的液体产生热交换，气体被冷却，同时原料液体被预热，被预热后的原料液体经由管道16进入换热器11被高温高湿的气体进一步预热，再被加热器1加热至一定温度。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：包括有壳体、风泵、加热器、原料液体管道，以及连通壳体、风泵的气体管道，壳体上设有气体入口和出口，加热器位于壳体内或壳体外，壳体内还设置有液体分布器、至少一块换热板，所述换热板一面设为蒸发面、另一面设为冷凝面，由换热板蒸发面与对应侧壳体侧壁或相邻换热板蒸发面构成的空间为蒸发区域，换热板冷凝面与对应侧壳体侧壁或相邻换热板冷凝面构成的空间为冷凝区域，蒸发区域一端只与气体入口连通，冷凝区域一端只与气体出口连通，蒸发区域另一端与冷凝区域另端在壳体内相通，所述气体入口或出口与风泵相通，所述液体分布器一端承接换热板的蒸发面，另一端承接原料液体管道，所述壳体或气体管道上设有尾液出口和冷凝液出口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述的蒸馏设备还包括冷却装置，冷却装置连接于气体管道中且气体管道构成封闭循环回路。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述的加热器可以设置在原料液体管道内或其外侧，对原料液体进行加热。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述的原料液体管道上设有换热器，换热器处于壳体内，用于原料液体与气体间进行热交换。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述的加热器为伸入壳体中的蒸汽喷管，向壳体内的气体喷入原料液体的蒸汽来加热气体和带动气体流动。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述原料液体管道通过冷却装置，且位于冷却装置内的管段串联换热器，用原料液体与冷却装置中气体进行热交换。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述的蒸馏设备还包括抽气机，使系统内的气体压力小于大气压。
  8. 根据权利要求1、2所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：所述换热板为管状，管的内外表面分别作为冷凝面和蒸发面。
  9. 根据权利要求1、2或6所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：在尾液出口和冷凝液出口处分别设有换热器，换热器与原料液体管道的两个支路相通，用于尾液和冷凝液对原料液体进行预热。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液体蒸馏设备，其特征在于：原料液体管道上并联三个换热器，且分别位于尾液出口、冷凝液出口、气体出口内，用于原料液体和排气、尾液、冷凝液间的热量交换。
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