WO2016112708A1 - 一种船舶辅助泊岸方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种船舶辅助泊岸方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016112708A1
WO2016112708A1 PCT/CN2015/090136 CN2015090136W WO2016112708A1 WO 2016112708 A1 WO2016112708 A1 WO 2016112708A1 CN 2015090136 W CN2015090136 W CN 2015090136W WO 2016112708 A1 WO2016112708 A1 WO 2016112708A1
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data
ship
signal receiving
module
gps
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PCT/CN2015/090136
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱曦
李媛媛
闫锋
李想
曹汛
潘巍松
丁健文
王继斌
王军
陈辰
李大鹏
李伟
王文伫
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江苏南大五维电子科技有限公司
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Priority to US15/543,916 priority Critical patent/US10424205B2/en
Priority to KR1020177022392A priority patent/KR102049371B1/ko
Priority to JP2017537415A priority patent/JP6516111B2/ja
Priority to DE112015005971.7T priority patent/DE112015005971T5/de
Publication of WO2016112708A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016112708A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G3/00Traffic control systems for marine craft
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/50Depth or shape recovery
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/70Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
    • G06T7/73Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras using feature-based methods
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G3/00Traffic control systems for marine craft
    • G08G3/02Anti-collision systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2213/00Navigational aids and use thereof, not otherwise provided for in this class
    • B63B2213/02Navigational aids and use thereof, not otherwise provided for in this class using satellite radio beacon positioning systems, e.g. the Global Positioning System GPS
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/02Initiating means for steering, for slowing down, otherwise than by use of propulsive elements, or for dynamic anchoring
    • B63H25/04Initiating means for steering, for slowing down, otherwise than by use of propulsive elements, or for dynamic anchoring automatic, e.g. reacting to compass
    • B63H2025/045Initiating means for steering, for slowing down, otherwise than by use of propulsive elements, or for dynamic anchoring automatic, e.g. reacting to compass making use of satellite radio beacon positioning systems, e.g. the Global Positioning System [GPS]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13Receivers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/53Determining attitude
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20024Filtering details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30248Vehicle exterior or interior
    • G06T2207/30252Vehicle exterior; Vicinity of vehicle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for safe navigation of a ship. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for accurately monitoring ship and shoreline distance and ship attitude during ship berthing.
  • the foggy days will seriously affect the visual observation effect of the pilot, causing the pilot to be unable to discriminate the attitude of the ship relative to the berth of the dock and fail to direct the ship to safely berth.
  • the hydrological conditions of different ports and waterways are different, but ships with a visibility of less than 1 nautical mile are required to slow down the navigation. Large-scale ships generally stop sailing when the visibility is less than 1000 m. In the foggy world, due to low visibility, serious accidents such as large ships crashing into bridge piers often occur. At the same time, the ship is also affected by fog when it passes the dam, resulting in the ship must stop passing the dam in foggy weather. Therefore, foggy weather not only affects the safety of ship navigation, but also seriously affects the smoothness of waterway and port logistics.
  • ships will refer to some radio pilot systems, such as radar, when they are berthing.
  • the radar system is vulnerable to external factors such as climate, terrain and external disturbances, and considering that the radar is usually installed at a higher position of the ship, it can detect the distance from the ship and it is not easy to detect the distance from the ship.
  • the radar system has great limitations in the process of berthing the ship.
  • the ship berthing scheme is usually determined by the pilot's visual grasp and judgment. In order to avoid the occurrence of potential safety accidents, people have to stipulate that in bad weather, the ship should be suspended and stopped.
  • navigation aids under severe weather conditions, such as radar navigation systems and automatic identification systems (AIS) in the maritime field, have been developed. These navigation aids can assist the driver to drive in bad weather conditions to a certain extent, but there are still many shortcomings due to various aspects such as technology, cost, precision and site.
  • AIS automatic identification systems
  • the above-mentioned prior art radar navigation system and automatic identification system (AIS) are both radio communication type navigation aid systems.
  • marine radar navigation system as a common means of navigation aids, plays a role in positioning navigation and collision avoidance, but it also has its own inevitable defects.
  • radar navigation systems are prone to clutter caused by waves and rain and snow, and radars with the same frequency or frequency close to each other also produce co-channel radar interference clutter at close range.
  • the radar usually has a fixed blind zone of 30-50 meters, which will cause fan-shaped shadow zones due to the influence of large ships on the ship.
  • False echoes such as false echoes, indirect reflected false echoes, and sidelobe echoes. All of the above-mentioned interference clutters and false echoes often make it difficult for the operator to distinguish or influence the observations in actual use, which leads to a wrong orientation for navigation safety.
  • the Automatic Ship Identification System is a satellite-based positioning device with an accuracy of 5-30 meters. Because there is no blind zone, its positioning accuracy is higher than that of radar, and it does not change due to target distance and azimuth change. It is composed of shore-based (base station) facilities and shipborne equipment. It is a new type of network technology and modern communication. Digital navigation aid system and equipment integrating technology, computer technology and electronic information display technology. AIS is essentially a broadcast repeater system that works on the maritime mobile communication channel VHF. It can automatically transmit ship information such as ship name, call sign, maritime mobile identification number, position, heading, speed, etc. to other ships or shores.
  • VHF maritime mobile communication channel
  • AIS also has many limitations.
  • the information it provides is not a real visual image. This does not substantially help the foggy berthing navigation. Since the pilots do not see the surrounding environment, the vessel is still forced to stop; The accuracy of the equipment is 5-30 meters, which may meet the collision avoidance requirements. However, for close berthing, the accuracy error of 5m is easy to cause serious docks or barges at the critical moment of the last berthing of large ships. Collision accident.
  • the triaxial electronic compass is connected to the optical imaging module to obtain various angle information of the optical imaging module during rotation;
  • the optical imaging module comprises a beam splitter, a visible or infrared light imaging channel, and a sun blind ultraviolet imaging channel, the visible light or the infrared light
  • the imaging channel receives visible light signals and outputs visible or infrared optical video signals.
  • the sun blind ultraviolet imaging channel receives the day blind ultraviolet light signal and outputs a day blind ultraviolet light video signal;
  • the information processing terminal is configured to calculate the ship's navigation posture data and output the synthesized video to display according to the digital signals of the two channels of video. system.
  • the three-axis electronic compass is connected to the optical imaging module to obtain various angle information of the optical imaging module during rotation, and finally the angle information of the ship relative to the shoreline is obtained.
  • the system also has shortcomings. For example, when using a three-axis electronic compass, sometimes it is subject to huge magnetic field interference, which causes errors in the data obtained, and it is difficult to obtain a more accurate distance of the hull from the berthing shoreline, making berthing still difficult.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a berthing method for a ship, which uses a day blind ultraviolet light detecting technology and a GPS positioning technology to obtain a posture and relative distance data of a ship relative to a shoreline and a berth, and is used for Ships are safely berthed.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for guiding a ship's berth.
  • a ship assisted berthing method comprises: providing a sun blind ultraviolet imaging module and a data processing module on the ship, and the sun blind ultraviolet imaging module according to the received solar blind light source array arranged in advance on the shore
  • the ultraviolet light signal is used to measure the positional relationship information between the ship and the relevant berth, and the method further includes:
  • the data processing module includes a signal receiving component that can be matched to the sunblind ultraviolet imaging module and the GPS signal receiving module in a wired and/or wireless manner, and from the sunblind ultraviolet imaging module and the GPS signal Receiving data related to the position of the ship in the receiving module, calculating a coordinate value of the reference point of the ship, and determining the location according to the position data of the solar blind ultraviolet imaging module and the GPS signal receiving module installed on the ship The attitude angle of the ship relative to the berth shoreline.
  • the attitude of the ship relative to the berth shoreline can be represented by the position coordinates of several reference points on the ship. It can also be represented by the coordinates of a reference point, plus at least one attitude angle of the vessel.
  • the attitude angle is at least one of a plurality of angles representing a ship's attitude, such as a heading angle, a pitch angle, and a roll angle.
  • the GPS method and system referred to in the present invention which includes a GNSS system (Global Navigation Satellite System) and the like, refers to a technique for ground target positioning using a geosynchronous satellite rotating around the ground. Such technologies include, for example, GPS in the United States, the Beidou system in China, the Galileo system in Europe, the GLONASS system in Russia, and the like.
  • the GPS signal receiving module may be configured to set at least one GPS signal receiving module on the shore, and install at least one GPS signal receiving module on the ship; the GPS signal receiving module on each ship and The GPS signal receiving module on the shore cooperates to form a GPS differential system, wherein the GPS signal receiving module on the shore acts as a GPS master station, and the GPS signal receiving module on the ship acts as a GPS slave station, and the GPS master station is used to enhance the GPS slave station.
  • the measurement accuracy of the ship position and attitude angle data; and the GPS main station after receiving the position data from the relevant satellite, may directly send it to the data processing module to obtain the position data of the ship, and may also Other data that is beneficial to improve the accuracy of the GPS slave station location data is first transmitted to at least one GPS slave station. After the GPS slave station integrates the received GPS location to receive data, the data is processed, and then the data is sent to the data. Processing the module to obtain location data of the vessel.
  • the communication method between the onshore (shore-based) GPS main station and the GPS slave station on the ship may be, for example, that the GPS main station on the shore transmits the signal directly to the ship in a manner of broadcasting or orientation.
  • Base) GPS slave station may be, for example, that the GPS main station on the shore transmits the signal directly to the ship in a manner of broadcasting or orientation.
  • the shore-based GPS main station adopts the remote method to transmit the location data to a transmission point (for example, a berth or a transmission point near the berth) in a wireless or wired manner, and then The location data is wirelessly transmitted from the transmission point to the ship-based GPS slave station at the same or different frequencies as previously described.
  • the manner of setting the GPS signal receiving module may also be that all (at least two GPS signal receiving modules) are disposed on the ship to be berthed.
  • the data processing module is electrically connected to the solar blind ultraviolet imaging module and the GPS signal receiving module, respectively, for processing data from each of the foregoing modules, and calculating the ship according to the received data of the solar blind ultraviolet imaging module.
  • the coordinate value and based on the position information received by the GPS signal receiving module from the satellite concerned, determines the attitude angle of the vessel relative to the shoreline or berth.
  • the data processing module further integrates the coordinate data or the attitude angle data received by the two solar blind ultraviolet imaging modules by using a normalized autocorrelation algorithm.
  • the specific steps include: when the coordinate data is integrated, the x-axis coordinates of the position of the solar blind ultraviolet receiving module are respectively represented by x, y, and z, and represented by a vector p i (x i , y i , z i )
  • the i-th group positioning data of the N sets of angular and spatially transformed positioning data returned by the N systems, where i 1, 2, 3...N; where N is the source of the original position data used
  • the angled and spatially transformed positioning data is obtained by using spatial positional relationship and spatial geometric transformation under the condition that the relative positions of all the solar blind ultraviolet receiving modules and the GPS signal receiving modules and the ship attitude angle are known.
  • the position measurement data of different measurement modules is converted into position measurement data for the same measurement module.
  • the specific transformation method is:
  • the reference point may be a location of any one of the day blind ultraviolet receiving module and the GPS signal receiving module, or may be another point;
  • the normalized autocorrelation coefficient NCC is used to indicate the credibility of each system to return positioning data.
  • the expression is as follows:
  • the fitted ship attitude angle data is converted according to the coordinate values after the fitting of the N-1 GPS signal receiving modules.
  • the integration processing of the ship position data may be performed only by integrating the position data obtained by the GPS signal receiving module, or may be a combination of position data obtained by using the sun blind ultraviolet module and position data obtained by using the GPS signal receiving module.
  • the integration process is performed to obtain the fitted position data about the ship.
  • the data fusion algorithm can also be used to integrate the obtained coordinate data or attitude angle data.
  • the position data obtained by the daily blind UV module is relatively accurate and can currently be achieved not less than the centimeter level.
  • the position data obtained by the GPS signal receiving module has a lower precision, and can only reach the decimeter level at present. Therefore, if the accuracy is relatively consistent, the GPS signal receiving module normalizes the coordinate data received from the satellite, and the effect is better.
  • the distance between the GPS signal receiving modules can be made larger. To reduce the systematic error of the measured coordinates and angle data.
  • the distance between the GPS signal receiving module and the sunblind ultraviolet module can be made larger to reduce the measured coordinate and angle data. system error.
  • the solar blind ultraviolet receiving module can be calibrated before the measurement to determine the photoelectric parameters related to the measurement of the solar blind ultraviolet camera.
  • the system photoelectric parameters involved in the calibration include: the focal length f x , f y in the x and y directions, the reference points c x , c y on the image plane, and the radial distortion coefficients in the x and y directions. k x ,k y .
  • the ship's power control system is linked with the navigation system to periodically receive the berth distance signal of the sun blind ultraviolet light module, and continuously and automatically adjust accordingly.
  • the invention also discloses a ship berthing system.
  • the ship berthing system comprises a sunblind ultraviolet imaging module disposed on the ship, and measuring the ship and the relevant berth according to the received optical signal of the array of solar blind ultraviolet light sources arranged in advance on the shore.
  • a data processing module electrically connected to the solar blind ultraviolet imaging module, processing received data of the sun blind ultraviolet module to obtain coordinates of the ship, and further comprising: at least two GPS signal receiving a module, wherein at least one GPS signal receiving module is mounted on the vessel, each GPS signal receiving module comprising a satellite signal receiving portion for receiving a positioning signal from an associated satellite, and transmitting the received satellite signal to the a signal transmitting portion of the data processing module; and the data processing module is electrically coupled to the GPS signal receiving module and processes the positioning data they receive from the satellite concerned; and determines the attitude angle of the vessel accordingly.
  • all of the GPS signal receiving modules described in the ship berthing system of the present invention may be all installed on the ship.
  • Another preferred way of the ship berthing system of the present invention is to include at least one GPS signal receiving module mounted on the vessel as a ship-based GPS signal receiving module.
  • Each ship-based GPS signal receiving module cooperates with a GPS signal receiving module disposed on the shore to form a GPS differential system.
  • the GPS signal receiving module on the shore serves as a GPS master station, and the GPS signal receiving module on the ship acts as a GPS slave station; the GPS slave station receives its own location data from the relevant satellite, and receives the GPS from the GPS master station.
  • the location data of the primary station and other data that facilitates the accuracy of the GPS slave station location data, and processes the data or sends the data to the data processing module for processing to obtain a position and attitude indicative of the vessel Angle data.
  • the sunblind ultraviolet imaging module and the ship-based GPS signal receiving module can be used to obtain a more accurate representation.
  • Ship's Position values that determine the position of the vessel relative to the berth and the attitude angle.
  • a plurality of ship-based GPS signal receiving modules obtain an attitude angle of the ship relative to the berth.
  • Another way is that if the accuracy of the GPS differential system is sufficiently high, the positioning information of any ship-based GPS signal receiving module can be used as the position information of the ship, and the sun blind ultraviolet imaging module or other ship-based GPS is used.
  • the position information of the signal receiving module is converted into the attitude angle of the ship; or, the position information of the ship-based GPS signal receiving module for positioning and one of the sunblind ultraviolet imaging module or other ship-based GPS signal receiving module is utilized.
  • the position information of the ship is converted into the attitude angle of the ship.
  • the method and system of the present invention may process the data obtained by the sunblind ultraviolet imaging module and/or the plurality of GPS signal receiving modules using a normalized autocorrelation algorithm.
  • the threshold of the average value of all system credibility and the credibility of each module can be obtained through the overall error analysis.
  • the threshold value is used to filter out the less reliable positioning data, and then the final credibility weight of each module is obtained, and then the weighted average of each module is obtained by using the credibility weight to obtain the final data.
  • the normalized autocorrelation algorithm can be solidified into the system in the form of hardware (e.g., IC, ASIC, or FPGA) and/or software when preparing the system of the present invention and becomes an integral part of the system of the present invention.
  • the data processing module adopts a data fusion algorithm on the design of the hardware and software, and integrates the obtained coordinate data or attitude angle data.
  • the data fusion algorithm may be, for example, determining the credibility of the data returned by each subsystem by using a root-mean-square-error actually calculated by each subsystem measurement data.
  • rmse represents the root mean square error
  • x i represents the measured data of the X-axis coordinates of each measurement subsystem at time i
  • x f represents the filtered value of the x i data at time i
  • n represents the total number of measured data, ie the subsystem The number of times; the filtered value at time i is obtained by the Kalman filtering method
  • is the weight
  • parameter b is the minimum value of the judgment field
  • ⁇ and ⁇ are the mean and square of the normal distribution, respectively; since the normal curve exhibits the decreasing function in the region of x> ⁇ , ⁇ is taken here, and the semi-normal curve is actually used.
  • the formula further becomes as follows:
  • the ⁇ value is given, and the method of fitting the weight distribution through the normal curve can be obtained by the following formula:
  • rmse ki represents the root mean square error of the i-th system at time k
  • a ki represents the weight of the i-th system at time k
  • x ki represents the measurement data obtained at time k of each subsystem
  • the position measurement data of different measurement modules are converted into position measurement data for the same measurement module;
  • a) calculating the standard deviation of each coordinate sequence in the positioning data by calculating the standard deviation of each coordinate sequence in the N sets of positioning data returned by the N detecting subsystems, as determining the outlier data in each coordinate sequence in the N sets of data According to; the standard deviation of the coordinate sequence is:
  • ⁇ index represents the standard deviation of each coordinate sequence in the N sets of data
  • X index represents the data of the N sets of measurements, and each set contains coordinate values (x, y, z)
  • An average value representing N sets of data that is, a one-dimensional vector composed of average values of respective coordinate sequences
  • outliters represents the obtained outlier data
  • a set of coordinate data consisting of x, y, z, as long as one of them sits If the target value is judged as outlier data in the sequence in which it is located, the set of coordinate values is determined as outlier data in the N sets of coordinate data;
  • c is a constant coefficient, which is determined according to experimental experience and requirements.
  • the determining method may be to determine the fluctuation range of the test value by a large number of tests, and take a symmetrical range centered on the mean value of the test value so that a large number of unreasonable points appear outside the range, and half of the length of the range is C;
  • the algorithm flow includes: (1) calculating the standard deviation of each coordinate sequence in the positioning data, (2) obtaining the outlier data in each coordinate sequence according to the calculated standard deviation, and (3) removing the deviation from the original measurement data. Group points, (4) Calculate the final positioning data using the average weighted data fusion method to obtain the y amount.
  • the position data obtained by the day blind ultraviolet light receiving module is generally used as the main basis for the ship position.
  • the accuracy of the positioning data of the GPS system is comparable to the positioning accuracy of the solar blind ultraviolet receiving module, the position data obtained from the GPS system can be completely used as the desired position of the method and device of the present invention.
  • the main basis of the angle information is generally used as the angle information.
  • the invention utilizes the daily blind ultraviolet imaging method to determine the position information of the ship relative to the berth; and at the same time, using the GPS method, using at least two GPS receivers to determine the attitude angle of the ship relative to the berth can effectively solve the problem when the visibility is very low.
  • the ship can be safely berthed when it is close to the shore.
  • the normalized autocorrelation algorithm and the data fusion algorithm may be preferably used to integrate the coordinate data and the angle data received by the solar blind ultraviolet imaging module and the GPS signal receiving module. To improve positioning accuracy.
  • the ship auxiliary berthing method and system of the present invention can obviously solve the difficulty of berthing in a foggy day under the current technology and the influence of weather and environment on the navigational berthing device of the ship in the current technology. Big problem. Even in foggy days, it can provide pilots with more intuitive, accurate and safe navigation information, which is convenient for pilots to pilot the ship in foggy days, and also solves the problem of smooth navigation of foggy waterway and port logistics.
  • Figure 1 is a system block diagram of the ship berthing navigation of the present invention
  • Figure 5 shows the position of the blind UV lamp array
  • Figure 6 (a) lattice coordinate system and (b) camera coordinate system;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the ship and the shoreline
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the position of the measurement module
  • Figure 10 normalizes the autocorrelation algorithm flow.
  • a system can be provided for enhancing the close-range navigation capability of a ship in a foggy day, the system can display a schematic diagram of the ship and the shoreline and position information, and the pilot can achieve low through the output interface of the display device. Ships under visibility conditions are berthed.
  • the system block diagram of the ship berthing navigation is shown in FIG. 1 , and the present invention mainly solves the problem that the ship is berthed at a short distance in the foggy day.
  • the ship navigation system of the embodiment includes the sun blind UV lamp group 101 and two GPS modules. 112 and 113, day blind ultraviolet imaging module 103, data processing module 104, display device 105.
  • the GPS modules 112, 113 and the day blind ultraviolet imaging module 103 are respectively mounted on the ship.
  • the location of the differential GPSs 112 and 113 is preferred for the location that is most convenient for determining heading.
  • the two differential GPSs are respectively installed on the decks on both sides of the cab, and the connection between the two may be substantially perpendicular to the connection between the head and the tail of the ship.
  • Two differential GPS modules, the primary GPS module (also referred to as the primary station) 112 are mounted near the shoreline, and the GPS module (also referred to as the secondary station) 113 is mounted at a location remote from the shoreline.
  • the sunblind UV imaging module 103 is mounted on the deck on the side of the ship.
  • the position on the ship marked with the distance from the bow and the stern is preferably selected, and the distances of the solar blind ultraviolet module from the stern of the bow are respectively L 1 , L 2 , which are known, and Marked on the ship.
  • the specific installation location is roughly as shown in Figure 2.
  • the gray area 100 in Figure 1 is the shoreline where the vessel is to be moored.
  • the day blind ultraviolet imaging module 103, the signal processor 104, and the display device 105 can be integrated.
  • the data processing module 104 includes an information collection module, a calculation module, and a storage module.
  • the main steps of this embodiment are as follows: the following steps 1-3 are preparations on the shore, and 4-5 are work performed on the ship. 1.
  • Step 1-1-1 arranging the ultraviolet light array
  • Step 1-1-2 measuring the geometric information of the ultraviolet light array
  • Step 1-2 the ultraviolet light array is used to shoot the ultraviolet light array, and the ultraviolet light array and the shooting position are shown in FIG. 4,
  • Step 2-1 coordinate extraction
  • Step 2-2 obtain the internal parameters of the device, obtain the image plane coordinates of the specified ultraviolet light source, and obtain a phase by using a calibration algorithm.
  • the angle ⁇ of all berth shorelines of the berthing port and a certain direction is measured in advance.
  • differential GPS including master and slave
  • other yaw angle measurement tools to measure the yaw angle of the berth coastline.
  • its master station and slave station can be placed on the first and last sides of the berth respectively, and the distance from the berth shore line is approximately equal.
  • Arranging the ultraviolet light source array and measuring the position information of the light array a period of time before the ship is berthed (for example, half an hour), the target light array is arranged near the berth berth 100 by the solar blind ultraviolet light group 101, and the shape of the target light array In the square grid shape, the size of the target light array and the number of lamps are not limited. In the embodiment, the arrangement shown in FIG. 5 is adopted, the size of the light array is 8 m ⁇ 8 m, and the spacing of the lamps in each row is equal, and the row spacing is equal.
  • the distance between the reference point of the lamp array and the berthing tail string is arranged as L 2 (measured by a measuring tool such as a tape measure, wherein L 2 is the distance from the stern of the solar blind ultraviolet imaging module 103, which is known.
  • set to L 2 is to make the ship berth when the day blind ultraviolet detector can face the lamp array to determine the X direction of the ship relative to the berth, of course, can also be set to other distance L n , as long as know L 2 and L n
  • the distance between the two can be set; when the lamp array is arranged, the vertical distance between the first row of the lamp array and the anti-collision fender is L (also measured by a simple length measuring tool such as a tape measure), as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the slave station GPS 113 transmits its own position latitude and longitude information to the master station GPS 112.
  • the master station GPS 112 obtains the distance between the two by the slave station GPS 113 and its own latitude and longitude information, and also obtains the slave station GPS 113 pointing to the master station GPS 112.
  • the angle r between the vector r and the true north direction, and the angle ⁇ between the r and the horizontal direction, ⁇ is the roll angle of the ship.
  • the angle ⁇ between the berth shoreline and the true north direction is determined in advance, and the angle a and a ⁇ - ⁇ of the ship heading and the berthing shore line can be obtained from the angle ⁇ and the angle ⁇ , and displayed on the display device in the form of an image. 105 on.
  • the solar blind UV imaging module can clearly identify all the solar blind ultraviolet signals.
  • the image processed by the solar blind ultraviolet imaging module 103 is subjected to image processing and coordinate change by the signal processor 104, and the position information X, Y and Z of the solar blind ultraviolet imaging module 103 in the lamp array coordinate system are obtained.
  • R is the rotation matrix and T is the translation vector
  • the coordinates of the camera in the target lattice coordinate system and the direction of rotation can be obtained by knowing the lattice coordinates and image plane coordinates in the camera internal parameter and the target lattice coordinate system (see Figure 6):
  • the internal parameters (f x , f y , c x , c y ) and the lattice coordinates (X, Y, Z) in the target lattice coordinate system are fixed values.
  • the image plane coordinates (u, v) are acquired by the image in real time, so the rotation matrix R 0 and the translation vector T 0 corresponding to the same time (u 0 , v 0 ) can be obtained in real time.
  • the inverse matrix R 0 -1 of the rotation matrix is the rotation of the camera coordinate system relative to the target lattice coordinate system, which can be reduced to a rotation vector by transformation, which is the rotational Euler angle of the camera relative to the target lattice coordinate system.
  • the target lattice coordinates are the results of the artificially measured measurements, while the internal parameters represent the inherent parameters of the camera itself: f x , f y are horizontal and vertical respectively The number of pixels in the straight direction is the focal length value of the unit of measure, and c x and c y are the pixel coordinates imaged on the image plane directly in front of the center of the camera lens (ie, the point on the theoretical optical axis).
  • Perform scene simulation that is, output navigation schematic and position coordinate information to the display device 105, and the berth software execution flow chart is as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the information of the berthing berth is input, including the berth number, and the direction information of the ship when docked and the shoreline is left or right; the position information L 1 of the sunblind ultraviolet imaging module on the ship is input.
  • L 2 , L 1 and L 2 are the distances of the sunblind ultraviolet imaging module from the bow and the stern respectively; the width B of the input ship;
  • the position information X and Y of the ship in the lamp array coordinate system the direction information ⁇ - ⁇ of the ship relative to the shore line, the position information L 1 and L 2 of the sun blind ultraviolet imaging module relative to the ship, the ship width B, can be displayed on the display device 105 shows the upper vessel and a schematic view of the shoreline and the position information Y and Y tail first, as shown in FIG. 8; the pilot output through the display device interface can be realized berthing at low visibility conditions.
  • This embodiment relates to how to obtain optimal position information in multiple sets of data, and the algorithm is as follows:
  • the angled and spatially transformed positioning data is obtained by using spatial positional relationship and spatial geometric transformation under the condition that the relative positions of all the solar blind ultraviolet receiving modules and the GPS signal receiving modules and the ship attitude angle are known.
  • the position measurement data of different measurement modules is converted into position measurement data for the same measurement module.
  • the specific transformation method is:
  • the reference point may be a location of any one of the day blind ultraviolet receiving module and the GPS signal receiving module, or may be another point;
  • the measurement coordinates of the two measurement modules are p 1 (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) and p 2' (x 2' , y 2' , z 2' ), respectively, and let p 1 be the reference.
  • the distance between the two measured is L
  • the angle of the heading angle of the two lines is ⁇
  • the pitch angle is (angle with the XY plane)
  • the algorithm uses the normalized Correlation Coefficient to represent the credibility of each system to return positioning data.
  • the expression is as follows:
  • the threshold is set to 80% of the average of all system credibility, and the threshold G can be expressed as follows:
  • the lower positioning data of the NCC is filtered out, and the final system credibility weight w is obtained, and the expression is as follows:
  • Zhang Zhengyou calibration method uses a checkerboard calibration template to use the connection point of each black and white square on the calibration template as the feature point of the calibration plate. Place the calibration plate in different positions, and the camera will acquire the internal and external parameters of the camera after synchronous acquisition.
  • the method has better robustness and does not require expensive instruments and equipment, and is convenient to operate, and the precision is improved relative to the self-calibration method.
  • all the calibration methods satisfying the embodiment and the algorithms for solving the internal parameters should be included.
  • the calibration process is shown in Figure 3.
  • the 1-1-1 UV array is arranged, the 1-1-2 measurement is used to obtain the geometric information of the UV array, and the 1-2 UV receiver is used to capture the UV array.
  • the software processing includes 2 -1 obtains the image plane coordinates of the specified ultraviolet light source, and 2-2 uses the calibration algorithm to solve the internal parameters of the camera.
  • the specific calibration steps are as follows:
  • the 1-1-1 ultraviolet light array is arranged, and the ultraviolet light array adopts a planar rectangular grid-like ultraviolet light array, and the ultraviolet light array and the shooting position are shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the shape and size of the ultraviolet light array are not constrained.
  • the ultraviolet light array may be a flat graphic or a solid graphic; it may be a rectangular structure or a circular structure or other geometric shapes.
  • the geometric information of the ultraviolet light array refers to the coordinates of a specific ultraviolet light spot or corner point in the world coordinate system.
  • the selected shooting position A should satisfy the following conditions: different shooting positions, different OA pointing directions are not parallel, and n groups are taken, in this embodiment n should be greater than 3.
  • the 2-1 signal processor 104 performs software processing on the captured digital image to obtain an image plane coordinate group of specific ultraviolet light spots, ci 1 , ci 2 , ci 3 ... ci n , a total of n groups.
  • f x , f y is the focal length in pixels in the x and y directions
  • c x , c y are reference points on the image plane
  • k x , k y are radial distortion coefficients in the x and y directions.
  • A is determined by f x , f y , v 0 , u 0 , s , which is the internal parameters of the camera and is only related to the internal structure of the camera; H is called the external parameter of the camera and directly reflects the position of the camera in space.
  • S is the magnification factor
  • s -f x cot ⁇
  • f x f / ⁇ x
  • f y f / ⁇ y
  • f is the focal length of the lens.
  • [X w , Y w , Z w , 1] T is the world coordinate of any object point in space
  • [u, v, 1] T represents the pixel coordinates of the image point of the object point in the camera.
  • the translation matrix T [T x ,T y ,T z ] T is a 4 ⁇ 4 matrix; the rotation matrix R is a 3 ⁇ 3 orthogonal unit matrix, the translation matrix T and the rotation matrix R(r 1 r 2 r 3 ) Called an external parameter.
  • B is a positive definite symmetry matrix, defined as:
  • v ij [h 1i h 1j h 1i h 2j +h 2i h 1j h 2i h 2j h 3i h 1j +h 1i h 3j h 3i h 2j +h 2i h 3j h 3i h 3j ] T (15)
  • V is a 2n ⁇ 6 matrix.
  • b has a unique solution, which means at least three pictures are to be acquired.
  • the parameter optimization is performed according to the maximum likelihood criterion, and the objective function is:
  • the optimization can be solved using the LM optimization algorithm.
  • the method and device of the invention determine the position information of the ship relative to the berth by using the daily blind ultraviolet imaging method, and determine the attitude angle of the ship relative to the berth by the differential GPS method, which can effectively solve the problem that the ship is close to the shore when the visibility is very low. It is safe to berth at the side.

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Abstract

一种船舶辅助泊岸方法和系统,其特点在于:利用日盲紫外成像法确定船舶相对于泊位的位置信息;同时利用GPS法,采用至少两个GPS接收器(112、113),确定船舶相对于泊位的姿态角,可有效地解决在能见度很低时,使船舶在贴近岸边时能安全泊岸。进一步地,采用归一化自相关算法和数据融合算法对日盲紫外成像模块(103)和GPS信号接收模块(112、113)所接收到的坐标数据以及角度数据进行整合处理,以提高定位精度。所述船舶辅助泊岸方法和系统,能明显解决现行技术下船舶在雾天靠泊难度大以及现行技术中船舶引航靠泊装置受天气、环境等影响大的问题。

Description

一种船舶辅助泊岸方法和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种船舶安全航行的方法和装置。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种船舶泊岸过程中,准确监控船舶与岸线距离以及船舶姿态的方法和装置。
背景技术
船舶安全靠泊是水运领域一直在重点研究的难题。船舶在港口码头靠泊过程中需要严格控制好靠泊速度和距离,同时也需要参考船舶的姿态。引航员必须对所在水域的地理特点、航道、水深、水流、航标设置和当地规章制度了如指掌,并具有熟练的靠离码头难度较高的操纵技术。因此引航员不仅工作强度非常大,还要承担多种安全风险。
在水运领域,恶劣天气尤其是雾天严重影响着水运航道的通畅。海事统计资料表明,大多数海事事故发生在夜间及能见度不良情况下,其中能见度不良情况下发生的海事事故又占大多数,而雾则是造成能见度不良最重要的因素之一。船舶在雾航时,由于各种不确定因素(如船舶动态、驾驶员主观意图等)的存在,往往使驾驶员作出错误决策,导致海难事故的发生。目前用于船舶助航的设备主要是雷达导航系统与自动识别系统。
就船舶引航而言,雾天会严重的影响引航员的目视观察效果,造成引航员无法判别船舶相对码头泊位的姿态而无法指挥船舶安全靠泊。不同港口和航道的水文条件有所差别,但是通常能见度小于1海里时船舶要减缓航行,能见度小于1000m时大型船舶一般会停止航行。雾天下由于能见度较低,常常发生诸如大型船舶撞毁桥墩等严重事故,同时船舶过坝时也受到雾天的影响,导致雾天时船舶必须停止过坝。因此雾天不仅影响着船舶航行的安全,也严重影响着水运航道和港口物流的通畅。
目前船舶在航行靠泊时都会参考一些无线电引航系统,如雷达。但雷达系统在工作时易受外界因素如气候、地形、外部干扰的影响,并且考虑到雷达通常架设在船的较高位置,可以探测到距离船舶较远处的情况而不易探测到距离船舶较近处的情况,因此在船舶引航靠泊的过程中雷达系统有很大的局限性。目前通常通过引航员的目视把握和判断来确定船舶靠泊方案。为了避免潜在安全事故的发生,人们不得不规定,在恶劣天气下,船舶应停航停运。
考虑到当今巨大的货物运输量、旅客周转量的实际需要,一些在恶劣天气条件下的助航设备,如航海领域中的雷达导航系统、自动识别系统(AIS)等已经被研制出来。这些助航设备可在一定程度上辅助驾驶人员进行恶劣天气条件下的驾驶,但受技术、费用、精度、场地等多方面的影响,仍然存在诸多不足。
上述现有技术中的雷达导航系统与自动识别系统(AIS)均为无线电通讯类助航系统。其中船用雷达导航系统作为船舶助航的常用手段,在定位导航和避碰中发挥着作用,但其自身也存在不可避免的缺陷。例如,在气象条件恶劣时(如雨雪风浪天气),雷达导航系统容易受海浪和雨雪干扰产生杂波,相同频率或频率接近的雷达在近距离时也会产生同频雷达干扰杂波。而且,雷达通常存在30-50米的固定盲区,受船上大桅等的影响会产生扇形阴影区,受复杂情况影响雷达会产生各种假回波,例如多次扫描假回波、二次扫描假回波、间接反射假回波以及旁瓣回波等假回波。上述所有的这些干扰杂波和假回波在实际使用时往往会让操作者难以分辨或影响观测,进而对航行安全产生错误的导向。
船舶自动识别系统(AIS)是一种基于卫星定位的设备,通常精度在5-30米。由于不存在盲区,它的定位精度高于雷达,且不因目标距离和方位变化而变化,其由岸基(基站)设施和船载设备共同组成,是一种新型的集网络技术、现代通讯技术、计算机技术、电子信息显示技术为一体的数字助航系统和设备。AIS本质上是一个广播转发器系统,在海上移动通信频道VHF上工作,它能把船舶信息如船名、呼号、海上移动识别码、位置、航向、航速等自动发送到其他船上或岸上,以快速的更新率,处理多路通信,并使用自控时分多址联接技术来满足通信的高密度率,保证了船对船和船对岸操作的可靠和实时性能。但是,AIS也存在诸多局限性。首先,同雷达导航系统一样,其提供的信息都不是真实的视觉图像,这对雾天靠泊导航而言没有实质性地帮助,由于引航人员看不到周围环境,船只依旧被迫停航;再者,其设备精度为5-30米,或许能满足避碰需求,但对近距离靠泊而言,5m的精度误差很容易造成大型船只在最后靠泊的关键时刻发生严重的与码头或驳船的碰撞事故。
综上,现有技术的船用雷达导航系统和船载AIS这两类助航仪器,在低能见度大气条件下进行近距离导航时,仍然不能满足使船舶安全舶岸的。
近年来,现有技术中发展出日盲紫外引航靠泊系统。利用200-280nm波段的日盲紫外现象,在岸上设置日盲紫外光源灯组,在所需引航和泊岸的船舶上设置日盲紫外光探测器。根据所述探测器所接收的日盲紫外光信号,最终得到所述船舶相对于码头的位置,以利于安全地泊岸。例如,申请号为2012105507102、题目为《基于日盲紫外光信号的引航靠泊系统》的中国专利申请,公开了一种日盲紫外光辅助泊岸系统。所述系统包括日盲紫外光源系统、三轴电子罗盘、光学成像模块和信息处理终端组成。三轴电子罗盘与光学成像模块相连,获取所述光学成像模块在转动时的各角度信息;光学成像模块包括分光镜、可见光或红外光成像通道和日盲紫外光成像通道,其可见光或红外光成像通道接收可见光信号,输出可见光或红外光视频信号, 其日盲紫外光成像通道接收日盲紫外光信号,输出日盲紫外光视频信号;所述的信息处理终端用于根据两路视频的数字信号,计算船舶的航行姿态数据和输出合成视频至显示系统。在该专利申请中,通过三轴电子罗盘与光学成像模块相连,获取所述光学成像模块在转动时的各角度信息,最终得到船舶相对于岸线的角度信息。不过该系统也有不足之处。例如,在使用三轴电子罗盘时,有时会受到巨大的磁场干扰,使得到的数据出现误差,很难得到船体距离靠泊岸线的较准确的距离,使靠泊仍然困难。
因此,目前的现有技术无法方便、准确、安全地保证船舶雾天精确定位靠泊引航。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种船舶的泊岸方法,采用日盲紫外光探测技术以及GPS定位技术联合使用,得到船舶相对于岸线和泊位的姿态和相对距离数据,用于船舶安全泊岸。本发明的另外一个目的是提供一种引导船舶泊岸的系统。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种船舶辅助泊岸方法,包括在船舶上设置一个日盲紫外成像模块和一个数据处理模块,日盲紫外成像模块根据所接收到的、预先在岸上设置的日盲紫外光源阵列发出的日盲紫外光信号,测量所述船舶与有关泊位的位置关系信息,其特征在于,该方法还包括:
1)设置至少两个GPS信号接收模块,其中至少一个GPS信号接收模块设置在所述船舶上,用于从有关卫星接收所述船舶的位置信号;
2)所述数据处理模块包括信号接收元件,可以有线和/或无线方式与所述日盲紫外成像模块和所述GPS信号接收模块匹配,并从所述日盲紫外成像模块和所述GPS信号接收模块中接收与船舶位置有关的数据,计算出所述船舶基准点的坐标值,并且根据所述日盲紫外成像模块和安装在所述船舶上的GPS信号接收模块的位置数据,确定所述船舶相对于泊位岸线的姿态角。
其中,船舶相对于泊位岸线的姿态可以全部由船舶上几个基准点的位置坐标来表示。也可以由一个基准点的坐标,再加上所述船舶的至少一个姿态角来表示。所述的姿态角,为例如航向角、俯仰角和横滚角等代表船舶姿态的诸多角度中的至少一个角度。本发明中所称的GPS方法和系统,技术上包括GNSS系统(Global Navigation Satellite System)以及类似的系统,指采用绕地旋转的同步卫星进行地面目标定位的技术。这类技术例如包括美国的GPS、中国的北斗系统、欧洲的伽利略系统,俄罗斯的GLONASS系统等。
在本发明的方法中,设置GPS信号接收模块的方式可以是,在岸上设置至少一个GPS信号接收模块,在所述船舶上安装至少一个GPS信号接收模块;每个船舶上的GPS信号接收模块与 岸上的GPS信号接收模块协同工作,构成GPS差分系统,其中岸上的GPS信号接收模块作为GPS主站,船舶上的GPS信号接收模块作为GPS从站,利用所述GPS主站来增进GPS从站对于船舶位置和姿态角数据的测量精度;并且所述GPS主站,从有关卫星上接收位置数据后,可以直接发给数据处理模块,得到所述船舶的位置数据,也可以将所述位置数据以及有利于增进GPS从站位置数据精度的其它数据先发送到至少一个GPS从站,GPS从站整合所收到的GPS位置接收数据后,对所述数据进行处理,再将数据发送到所述数据处理模块,得到所述船舶的位置数据。
其中,岸上的(岸基)GPS主站与船舶上的GPS从站的通信方式例如可以是,岸上的GPS主站将信号以播送的方式,或定向的方式,直接发送给船舶上的(船基)GPS从站。也可以是,岸基的GPS主站采用拉远法,将所述的位置数据以无线或有线的方式,先发送至一个发射点(例如设置在泊位上或泊位附近的一个发射点),再从该发送点以前述相同或不同的频率,将所述的位置数据无线地发送至船基GPS从站。
设置GPS信号接收模块的方式也可以是,将所有的(至少两个GPS信号接收模块)全部设置在所述待泊岸的船舶上。所述数据处理模块分别与所述日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块电气地连接,用于处理来自前述各模块的数据,根据所述的日盲紫外成像模块的接收数据计算出所述船舶的坐标值,并且根据GPS信号接收模块从有关卫星所接收的位置信息,确定所述船舶相对于岸线或泊位的姿态角。
在所述的方法中,进一步地,数据处理模块采用归一化自相关算法对两个日盲紫外成像模块所接收到的坐标数据或姿态角数据进行整合处理。具体步骤包括:当对所述坐标数据进行整合处理时,用x、y和z分别表示日盲紫外接收模块所在位置的三轴坐标,用向量pi(xi,yi,zi)表示由N个系统返回的N组经角度和空间变换后的定位数据中的第i组定位数据,其中i=1,2,3……N;此处,N为所采用的原始位置数据来源的数量,如:当对所述的日盲紫外成像模块以及三个GPS信号接收模块所得的坐标值进行整合处理时,N=4;当对所述三个GPS信号接收模块所得的坐标值进行整合处理时,N=3。所述经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其获得方法为在已知所有日盲紫外接收模块和GPS信号接收模块的相对位置和船舶姿态角的情况下,利用空间位置关系与空间几何变换,将对不同测量模块的位置测量数据转化为对同一测量模块的位置测量数据。具体变换方法为:
(1)确定一基准点,所述基准点可以是所述日盲紫外接收模块和GPS信号接收模块中的任一测量模块的所在位置,也可以是其他某点;
(2)测量其他各个测量模块到所述基准点的距离与方向角(为光源参考系下参数,须与船姿态角叠加以确定),从而得到相应的转化向量;
(3)将各个测量模块得到的相对位置坐标参数加上转化向量以得到变换后的定位数据。
采用归一化自相关系数NCC表示每个系统返回定位数据的可信度,其表达式如下:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000001
j=1,2,3,…,N;
设定一个由所有日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块组成的检测系统的可信度平均值的阈值G,并根据该阈值G滤除NCC较低的定位数据,进而获得最终的系统可信度权重w,表达式如下:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000002
从而得到关于船舶位置的最终的拟合定位数据:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000003
根据所述N-1个GPS信号接收模块拟合后的坐标值,换算出拟合后的船舶姿态角数据。
所述对船舶位置数据进行整合处理,可以是仅对GPS信号接收模块所得的位置数据进行整合处理,也可以是对用日盲紫外模块所得的位置数据和用GPS信号接收模块所得的位置数据联合进行整合处理,得到拟合后的关于船舶的位置数据。
还可以采用数据融合算法,对所得的坐标数据或姿态角数据进行整合处理。
还可以用另一种方法。例如,通常用日盲紫外模块所得的位置数据比较精确,目前可以达到不低于厘米级。而用GPS信号接收模块所得的位置数据,精度要差一些,目前只能达到分米级。所以,如对精度相对一致的、由GPS信号接收模块从有关卫星上所接收到的坐标数据进行归一化,效果比较好。
根据本发明的方法和装置(对装置的整体描述和限定,例如可见说明书中后面的内容),在船舶上设置GPS信号接收模块时,可使这些GPS信号接收模块彼此之间的距离较大些,以降低被测坐标和角度数据的系统误差。
根据本发明的方法和装置,在船舶上设置GPS信号接收模块时,可使这些GPS信号接收模块与所述的日盲紫外模块之间的距离较大些,以降低被测坐标和角度数据的系统误差。
根据本发明的船舶泊岸方法,可以在测量前对日盲紫外接收模块进行标定,确定所述日盲紫外相机与测量有关的光电参数。标定时所涉及的系统光电参数包括:x和y方向上以像素为单位的焦距fx,fy,像面上的基准点cx,cy,以及x与y方向上的径向畸变系数kx,ky
进一步地,根据本发明的船舶泊岸方法,所述船舶的动力控制系统与导航系统联动,周期性地接受所述日盲紫外光模块的泊岸距离信号,并据此不断地、自动地调整船舶的姿态,进行泊岸。
根据本发明的另一个方面,本发明还公开了一种船舶泊岸系统。所述的船舶泊岸系统包括一个日盲紫外成像模块,设置在所述船舶上,根据所接收到的、预先在岸上设置的日盲紫外光源阵列的光信号,测量所述船舶与有关泊位的位置关系信息;一个数据处理模块,与所述日盲紫外成像模块电气地连接,对所述日盲紫外模块的接收数据进行处理,得到所述船舶的坐标,还包括:至少两个GPS信号接收模块,其中至少一个GPS信号接收模块被安装在所述船舶上,每个GPS信号接收模块包括用于从有关卫星上接收定位信号的卫星信号接收部分,以及将所接收的卫星信号传送到所述的数据处理模块的信号传送部分;并且所述数据处理模块与所述GPS信号接收模块电气地连接,并处理它们从有关卫星所接收的定位数据;并据此确定所述船舶的姿态角。
进一步地,一种优选的方式是,本发明船舶泊岸系统中所述的所有GPS信号接收模块可以全部安装在所述船舶上。
本发明船舶泊岸系统的另一种优选的方式是,包括至少一个GPS信号接收模块,安装在所述船舶上,作为船基GPS信号接收模块。每个船基GPS信号接收模块与一个设置在岸上的GPS信号接收模块协同工作,构成GPS差分系统。其中岸上的GPS信号接收模块作为GPS主站,船舶上的GPS信号接收模块作为GPS从站;所述GPS从站从有关卫星上接收自身的位置数据,并且从所述GPS主站接收所述GPS主站的位置数据以及其它有利于增进GPS从站位置数据精度的数据,并对这些数据进行处理或将这些数据发送到所述的数据处理模块中进行处理,得到表示所述船舶的位置和姿态角数据。
在上述GPS差分系统方案中,如果在船舶上只安装一个船基GPS信号接收模块,则可利用所述的日盲紫外成像模块和船基GPS信号接收模块分别得到一个较为准确的、代表所述船舶的 位置值,该两个位置值可以决定船舶相对于泊位的位置以及姿态角。
在上述GPS差分系统方案中,如果在船舶上安装两个或两个以上的船基GPS信号接收模块,一种方式是,利用所述的日盲紫外成像模块得到船舶的位置值,用所述的多个船基GPS信号接收模块得到所述船舶相对于泊位的姿态角。另一种方式是,如果所述的GPS差分系统的精度足够高,也可用任一个船基GPS信号接收模块的定位信息作为船舶的位置信息,而用日盲紫外成像模块或其它的船基GPS信号接收模块的位置信息换算出船舶的姿态角;或者,利用用于定位的船基GPS信号接收模块的位置信息以及所述的日盲紫外成像模块或其它的船基GPS信号接收模块中的一个的位置信息,换算出船舶的姿态角。
优选地,本发明的方法和系统可以采用归一化自相关算法,对所述日盲紫外成像模块和/或多个GPS信号接收模块得到的数据进行处理。采用归一化自相关处理法,通过整体误差分析获可以得一个所有系统可信度平均值的阈值以及每个模块(日盲紫外成像模块,以及船基GPS信号接收模块)可信度的情况,利用该阈值滤除可信度较低的定位数据,进而获得最终的每个模块的可信度权重,之后利用该可信度权重对每个模块进行加权平均即可得到最终的数据。该归一化自相关算法,可以在制备本发明系统时,以硬件(例如IC、ASIC或FPGA)和/或软件的方式,固化到系统中,并成为本发明系统的一个组成部分。
根据本发明船舶泊岸系统的又一个改进的方面,数据处理模块在软硬件的设计上采用数据融合算法,对所得的坐标数据或姿态角数据进行整合处理。所述的数据融合算法例如可以是:采用各个子系统测量数据实际计算出来的均方根误差rmse(root-mean-square-error)来判定每个子系统返回数据的可信度。具体为:
(一)当整合的数据为定位数据时,使用向量pi(xi,yi,zi)表示由N组检测子系统返回的N组经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其中i=1,2,3……N;所述经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其获得方法为:在已知所有日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块的相对位置和船舶姿态角的情况下,利用空间位置关系与空间几何变换,将对不同测量模块的位置测量数据转化为对同一测量模块的位置测量数据;
a)采用各个子系统测量数据实际计算出来的均方根误差rmse来判定每个子系统返回数据的可信度,计算各子系统测量数据的均方根误差公式为:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000004
其中,rmse代表均方根误差,xi代表i时刻对各个测量子系统在X轴坐标的测量数据,xf代表i时刻对xi数据的滤波值,n代表测量数据的总数,即子系统的个数;i时刻的滤波值通过卡尔曼滤波方法获得;
b)确定权值:可以根据鲁棒统计学理论,将数据中的信息分为三类:有效信息、可利用信息和有害信息。针对这三类数据,分配不同的权值可以使他们各自发挥不同的作用。因此在分配权值的时候,一种方法是,采用分段式,对于有效信息在融合的时候可以完全接受,对于可利用信息,按一定的曲线变化来选取,对于有害信息或无效信息则完全拒绝。通过曲线拟合进行权值的分配:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000005
其中,ω为权值,参数b是判断野值得最小限度,参数a是有效数值与可利用数值的界限值。误差大于b则认为是野值,对应权值为0;误差小于a则认为是有效值,对应权值为1,中间的可利用值的权值按照曲线y=f(x)给出,且f(x)必须满足以下条件:在(a,b)这个区间上,随着误差的增大而迅速减小,f(x)采用的表达式如下:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000006
其中,μ和σ分别为正态分布的均值和方;由于正态曲线在x>μ的区域呈现递减函数的特性,因此在这里取μ=0,实际上运用的是半正态曲线,表达式进一步变为如下:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000007
,根据3σ法则给出σ值,通过正态曲线拟合权值分配的方法可以通过下式得到:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000008
并且,
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000009
其中,rmseki表示k时刻第i个系统的均方根误差,aki代表k时刻第i个系统的权值;
c)最终数据融合的结果为:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000010
其中,
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000011
为k时刻的融合值,xki表示各子系统k时刻所得到的测量数据;
d)通过以上与步骤a)-c)相同方法,计算出Y轴坐标值y以及Z轴坐标值z的数据融合最终结果;
(二)当整合的数据为姿态角数据时,使用向量qiiii)表示由N组检测子系统返回的N组姿态角数据,其中i=1,2,3……N;然后采用与步骤(一)相同的方法,计算出整合后的姿态角数据。
还可以用另一种数据融合的方法,具体步骤为:
(一)当整合的数据为定位数据时,使用向量pi(xi,yi,zi)表示由N个检测子系统返回的N组经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其中i=1,2,3……N,所述的经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其获得方法为在已知所有日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块的相对位置和船舶姿态角的情况下,利用空间位置关系与空间几何变换,将对不同测量模块的位置测量数据转化为对同一测量模块的位置测量数据;
a)计算定位数据中每个坐标序列的标准差:通过计算N个检测子系统返回的N组定位数据中每个坐标序列的标准差,作为判定N组数据中各坐标序列中离群数据的依据;所述坐标序列标准差为:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000012
其中,index∈(x,y,z)则σindex代表N组数据中各坐标序列的标准差,Xindex代表N组测量的数据,每一组包含坐标值(x,y,z),
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000013
代表N组数据的平均值,即由各坐标序列平均值组成的一个一维向量;
b)根据计算出的标准差得到每个坐标序列中的离群数据,离群数据的判定可通过下式获得:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000014
其中,outliters代表获得的离群数据,由x,y,z组成的一组坐标数据中,只要其中有一个坐 标值在其所在的序列中被判为离群数据,则该组坐标值就被判定为N组坐标数据中的离群数据;c为常系数,根据实验经验和需求而定,该常数的确定方法可以是通过大量的测试判断测试值的波动范围,取一以测试值均值为中心的对称范围使大量出现的不合理的点在该范围外,该范围长度的一半即为C;
c)将离群数据从N组原始测量数据中剔除,则得到新的定位数据序列称为X′维数为N′,之后对X′进行等权平均数据融合得到最终的融合数据如下:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000015
其中,
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000016
为数据融合后的最终的定位数据;
d)通过以上与步骤a)-c)相同方法,计算出Y轴坐标值y以及Z轴坐标值z的数据融合最终结果;
(二)当整合的数据为姿态角数据时,使用向量qiiii)表示由N个检测子系统返回的N组姿态角数据,其中i=1,2,3……N;然后采用与步骤(一)相同的方法,计算出整合后的姿态角数据。
其中算法流程包括:(1)计算定位数据中每个坐标序列的标准差,(2)根据计算出的标准差得到每个坐标序列中的离群数据,(3)从原测量数据中剔除离群点,(4)采用平均加权数据融合方法计算出最终的定位数据,得到y量。
以上仅为对本发明方法和装置方案示例性的描述。本领域技术人员完全可以根据以上内容,在不违背本发明整体构思的前提下,做出各种具体的实现。例如,在本发明上面的叙述中,通常以日盲紫外光接收模块所得到的位置数据作为船舶位置的主要依据。事实上,在具体的实现中,当GPS系统定位数据的精度与日盲紫外光接收模块的定位精度相当时,完全可以将从GPS系统所得的位置数据作为本发明方法和装置所希望得到的位置以及角度信息的主要依据。
本发明利用日盲紫外成像法确定船舶相对于泊位的位置信息;同时利用GPS法,采用至少两个GPS接收器,确定船舶相对于泊位的姿态角,可有效地解决在能见度很低时,使船舶在贴近岸边时能安全泊岸。进一步地,本发明的方法和装置中,还可优选地采用归一化自相关算法和数据融合算法对日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块所接收到的坐标数据以及角度数据进行整合处理,以提高定位精度。通过引用本发明所述船舶辅助泊岸方法和系统,能明显解决现行技术下船舶在雾天靠泊难度大以及现行技术中船舶引航靠泊装置受天气、环境等影响 大的问题。即使在雾天,它也能为引航员提供更为直观、准确、安全的航行信息,便于引航员在雾天对船舶靠泊进行引航,也解决了雾天水运航道和港口物流的通畅问题。
附图说明
图1本发明船舶靠泊导航的系统框图;
图2设备安装位置图;
图3相机标定流程图;
图4紫外光阵列和拍摄位置图;
图5日盲紫外灯阵位置图;
图6(a)点阵坐标系和(b)相机坐标系;
图7靠泊软件执行流程图;
图8船舶和岸线的示意图;
图9测量模块位置示意图;
图10归一化自相关算法流程。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的一个例子,可以提供一个系统,用于增强船舶雾天近距离导航能力,该系统能显示出船舶和岸线的示意图以及位置信息,引航员通过显示设备的输出界面就能够实现低能见度条件下的船舶靠泊。
为实现上述目的,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。以下实施例仅为举例说明,本发明并不仅限于实施例中的方案,除此之外,本领域技术人员可在现有技术范围内进行简单变换而得到的技术方案都在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1
用于船舶靠泊导航的系统框图参见图1所示,本发明主要解决船舶雾天近距离靠泊时的问题,本实施例所述船舶导航系统包括日盲紫外灯组101,两个GPS模块112和113,日盲紫外成像模块103,数据处理模块104,显示设备105。
GPS模块112、113以及日盲紫外成像模块103被分别安装在船上。差分GPS112和113的安装位置以最便于确定航向的位置为首选。本实施例中两个差分GPS分别安装在驾驶室两侧的甲板上,二者的连线可大致垂直于船舶首尾的连线。两个差分GPS模块,主GPS模块(也被称为主站)112被安装在靠近岸线的位置,从GPS模块(也被称为从站)113被安装在远离岸线的位置。日盲紫外成像模块103被安装在船上一侧的甲板上。为方便后续计算,本实施例中优 先选择船上标记了距离船首和船尾距离的那一处所在的位置,日盲紫外模块距离船首船尾的距离分别为L1、L2,是已知的,并已在船上做了标记。具体安装位置大致如图2所示。图1中灰色区域100为所述船舶将要停泊的岸线。
日盲紫外成像模块103、信号处理器104、显示设备105可集成于一体。数据处理模块104中包括信息采集模块、计算模块和存储模块。
本实施例的主要步骤如下:以下步骤1-3为在岸上的准备工作,4-5为在船上进行的工作。1、首先进行相机标定,求解内部参数。相机标定的方法以及求解内参的算法有很多,此处优
先选用传统定标技术或张正友标定算法。标定流程如图3所示:
步骤1-1-1,布置紫外光阵列,
步骤1-1-2,测量紫外光阵列的几何信息,
步骤1-2,用紫外接收器对紫外光阵列进行拍摄,紫外光阵列和拍摄位置详见图4,
步骤2-1,坐标提取,
步骤2-2,求取设备内部参数,获取指定紫外光源的像面坐标,利用标定算法求解得到相
机的内部参数(fx,fy,cx,cy,kx,ky等)。
2、测量泊位信息:事先测量好靠泊港口所有泊位岸线与某一个方向(例如此例中为正北方向)的夹角θ。
使用差分GPS(包括主站和从站)或其他偏航角测量工具测量泊位岸线的偏航角。使用差分GPS装置时,可将其主站与从站分别放置于泊位的首尾两侧,并与泊位岸线距离大致相等。
3、布置紫外光源灯阵并测量灯阵相关位置信息:船舶靠泊前一段时间(例如半个小时)用日盲紫外灯组101在靠泊泊位100附近布置目标灯阵,目标灯阵的形状为正方形网格状,目标灯阵的大小和灯个数没有限制,本实施例中采用图5所示的布置,灯阵大小为8m×8m,每一行的灯间距相等,行间距相等。
本实施例中将灯阵基准点距离靠泊尾缆桩的距离布置为L2(用卷尺等测量工具测量即可,其中L2为日盲紫外成像模块103距离船尾的距离,是已知的,设置为L2是为了使船靠泊时日盲紫外探测器能够正对着灯阵从而确定船舶相对泊位的X方向,当然也可设置为其他距离Ln,只要知道L2与Ln之间的距离即可);布置灯阵时保持灯阵首行和防撞护舷的垂直距离为L(同样可用卷尺等简单的长度测量工具来测量),如图5所示。
4、计算船舶航向与靠泊岸线姿态、位置信息。包括以下步骤:
首先,计算船舶航向与靠泊岸线的方向关系,即船舶航向与靠泊岸线的夹角。具体步骤如 下:
从站GPS 113将自身位置经纬度信息发送给主站GPS 112,主站GPS 112由从站GPS 113及自身的经纬度信息得到两者之间的距离,同时还得到从站GPS 113指向主站GPS 112的向量r与正北方向夹角α,以及r与水平方向的夹角β,β即为船舶的横滚角。
由于从站GPS 113指向主站GPS 112的向量r与船舶航向垂直,则可以得到船舶航向与正北方向的夹角γ,γ即为船舶的航向角:
船舶右停靠时,γ=α-90°;
船舶左停靠时,γ=α+90°。
预先测定好各个泊位岸线与正北方向的夹角θ,由角度θ和角度γ可以得到船舶航向与靠泊岸线的夹角a,a=γ-θ,以图像的形式显示在显示设备105上。
其次,确定船舶相对岸线的位置信息。
当所述船舶距离岸线的距离较近时,日盲紫外成像模块能够清晰识别所有的日盲紫外信号。此时利用信号处理器104对日盲紫外成像模块103拍摄到的图像进行图像处理、坐标变化,得到日盲紫外成像模块103在灯阵坐标系中的位置信息X,Y和Z。
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000017
其中R为旋转矩阵,T为平移向量;
以上算法的具体步骤如下:
通过相机标定知道了相机内参、目标点阵坐标系(参见图6)中的点阵坐标以及像面坐标就可以求出相机在目标点阵坐标系中的坐标以及旋转方向:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000018
其中(fx,fy,cx,cy)是内参矩阵参量,R为旋转矩阵,T为平移向量,(u,v)为像面坐标(单位为像素),(X,Y,Z)为目标点阵坐标系中的点阵坐标,该公式可简写为
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000019
其中(x,y,z)为相机坐标系(参见图6)中目标点阵的坐标,因此R与T可理解为由目标 点阵坐标系转化到相机坐标系的转化矩阵。
在计算相机位于目标点阵坐标系中的坐标时,内参(fx,fy,cx,cy)与目标点阵坐标系中的点阵坐标(X,Y,Z)为固定值,像面坐标(u,v)由图像实时获取,因此可以实时得到对应同一时刻(u0,v0)的旋转矩阵R0、平移向量T0。之后要获得相机在目标点阵坐标系中的点阵坐标,只需要将相机坐标系的原点(0,0,0)代入公式2的左边,求解右边的(X0,Y0,Z0)即可,可得
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000020
旋转矩阵的逆矩阵R0 -1为相机坐标系相对目标点阵坐标系的旋转,其可以通过变换简化为旋转向量,该向量即为相机相对目标点阵坐标系的旋转欧拉角。
之前计算相机坐标时所提到的固定值中,目标点阵坐标是人为布置后测量得出的结果,而内参则代表了相机本身的固有参数:fx、fy为分别以水平方向和竖直方向像素数量为计量单位的焦距值,cx、cy为相机镜头中心正前方(即理论光轴上的点)在像面上所成像的像素坐标。
设定日盲紫外成像模块103沿即船舷与岸线的垂直方向距离为Y,Y=Y-L-Z*tanβ,其中,L为灯阵首行和防撞护舷距离,β为船舶的横滚角;
设定船首与岸线垂直方向距离为Y,船尾与岸线垂直方向距离为Y,Y=Y-L1*sin(γ-θ);Y=Y+L2*sin(γ-θ),其中L1和L2分别为日盲紫外成像模块103距离船首和船尾的距离,γ和θ分别为船舶航向与正北方向的夹角及泊位岸线与正北方向的夹角。
5、进行场景模拟,即输出导航示意图以及位置坐标信息至显示设备105中,靠泊软件执行流程图如图7所示。信号处理器104运行前,输入靠泊泊位的信息,包括泊位号,船舶靠泊时与岸线的方向信息即左停靠或者右停靠;输入日盲紫外成像模块在船舶上的位置信息L1和L2,L1和L2分别为日盲紫外成像模块距离船首和船尾的距离;输入船舶的宽度B;
根据船舶在灯阵坐标系中的位置信息X和Y,船舶相对岸线的方向信息γ-θ,日盲紫外成像模块相对船舶的位置信息L1和L2,船宽B,可以在显示设备上105上显示出船舶和岸线的示意图以及位置信息Y和Y,如图8所示;引航员通过显示设备的输出界面就能够实现低能见度条件下的船舶靠泊。
实施例2
本实施例是有关在多组数据中如何得到最优位置信息,其算法如下:
使用向量pi(xi,yi,zi)表示由N个系统返回的N组经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其中i=1,2,3……N。所述的经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其获得方法为在已知所有日盲紫外接收模块和GPS信号接收模块的相对位置和船舶姿态角的情况下,利用空间位置关系与空间几何变换,将对不同测量模块的位置测量数据转化为对同一测量模块的位置测量数据。具体变换方法为:
(1)确定一基准点,所述基准点可以是所述日盲紫外接收模块和GPS信号接收模块中的任一测量模块的所在位置,也可以是其他某点;
(2)测量其他各个测量模块到所述基准点的距离与方向角(为光源参考系下参数,须与船姿态角叠加以确定),从而得到相应的转化向量;
(3)将各个测量模块得到的相对位置坐标参数加上转化向量以得到变换后的定位数据。
如图9,两测量模块的测量坐标分别为p1(x1,y1,z1)和p2′(x2′,y2′,z2′),令其中的p1为基准,测量的二者之间的距离为L,二者连线的航向角夹角为θ,俯仰角为
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000021
(与XY平面的夹角),则转化向量
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000022
的计算方法为
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000023
则p2′转化至基准位置后的坐标为
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000024
其他测量模块按照以上相同方法可以得出转化后的坐标。
该算法采用归一化自相关系数(Normalized Correlation Coefficient)表示每个系统返回定位数据的可信度,其表达式如下:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000025
设定阈值为所有系统可信度平均值的80%,阈值G可表示如下:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000026
根据阈值G滤除NCC较低的定位数据,进而获得最终的系统可信度权重w,表达式如下:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000027
得到最终的拟合定位数据:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000028
算法流程如图10所示:
实施例3
下面以示例的方式,给出本发明一种增强船舶近距离导航能力的系统中紫外相机标定、求解内参的具体步骤:
相机标定的方法以及求解内参的算法有很多,此处优先选用传统定标技术和张正友标定算法。张正友标定法使用一个棋盘格状的标定模板,将标定模板上每个黑白方格的连接点作为标定板的特征点。将标定板摆放不同位置,相机同步采集后求得相机的内外参数。该方法具有较好的鲁棒性,并且不需昂贵的仪器设备,操作方便,相对于自标定法来说,精度有所提高。但满足本实施例的所有标定方法及求解内参的算法都应包含其中。
标定流程如图3所示,1-1-1布置紫外光阵列,1-1-2测量得到紫外光阵列的几何信息,1-2用紫外接收器对紫外光阵列进行拍摄,软件处理包括2-1获取指定紫外光源的像面坐标,2-2利用标定算法求解得到相机的内参。具体标定步骤如下:
1-1-1布置紫外光阵列,紫外光阵列采用平面矩形网格状的紫外光阵列,紫外光阵列和拍摄位置详见图4。紫外光阵列的形状,大小等几何特性没有约束,根据求解内参的算法而确定,紫外光阵列可以是平面图形,也可以是立体图形;可以是矩形结构也可以是圆形结构或者其他几何形状。
1-1-2测量紫外光阵列几何信息,测量特定紫外光点在坐标系o-xyz中的坐标cw={X1,Y1,Z1},{X2,Y2,Z2}…{X30,Y30,Z30},紫外光阵列的几何信息指的是特定紫外光点或者角点在世界坐标系中的坐标。
1-2使用日盲紫外成像模块103对紫外光阵列进行拍摄,所选择的拍摄位置A应满足如下条件:不同拍摄位置,不同OA的指向不平行,拍摄n组,该实施例中n应大于3。
2-1信号处理器104对拍摄得到的数字图像进行软件处理,得到特定紫外光点的像面坐标 组,ci1,ci2,ci3…cin,一共n组。
2-2利用张正友标定算法对cw和ci1,ci2…cin进行处理,得到相机的相关光电内参(fx,fy,cx,cy,kx,ky等),其中fx,fy为x和y方向上以像素为单位的焦距,cx,cy为像面上的基准点,kx,ky为x和y方向上的径向畸变系数。
这里所采用的、张正友标定算法的原理如下:
1)标定板的角点与对应像点的对应关系
令标定板所在平面的Zw=0,因此有:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000029
A由fx、fy、v0、u0、s决定,即为摄像机内部参数,且仅与相机内部结构有关;H称为相机外部参数,直接反映摄像机在空间内的位置。图像坐标系的像素坐标(u,v),世界坐标系(Xw,Yw,Zw)。S为放大因子,s=-fxcotθ,fx=f/μx,fy=f/μy,f为镜头的焦距。[Xw,Yw,Zw,1]T为空间任意一个物点的世界坐标,[u,v,1]T表示该物点在摄像机内成像像点的像素坐标。
平移矩阵T=[Tx,Ty,Tz]T,为4×4的矩阵;旋转矩阵R为3×3正交单位矩阵,平移矩阵T和旋转矩阵R(r1r2r3)称为外部参数。
设H=[h1 h2 h3],可得:
H=[h1 h2 h3]=λA[r1 r2 T]     (10)
其中λ为任意比例因子,r1正交于r2,可得A的两个约束条件:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000030
2)参数求解
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000031
由上式可知B为正定对称矩阵,定义:
b=[B11 B12 B22 B13 B23 B33]T     (13)
设H的第i列为hi,则有:
hi TBhj=vij Tb       (14)
且又有:
vij=[h1ih1j h1ih2j+h2ih1j h2ih2j h3ih1j+h1ih3j h3ih2j+h2ih3j h3ih3j]T     (15)
于是有:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000032
即:
Vb=0          (17)
其中V是一个2n×6的矩阵,当n>2时,b有唯一解,也就是说至少要采集三幅图片。利用Cholesky分解内部参数:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000033
进而求解外部参数得:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000034
3)非线性优化
根据最大似然准则进行参数优化,其目标函数为:
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000035
其中
Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-000036
为Mj点的投影,优化时可使用LM优化算法解决。
本发明的方法和装置,用日盲紫外成像法确定船舶相对于泊位的位置信息,用差分GPS法确定船舶相对于泊位的姿态角,可有效地解决在能见度很低时,使船舶在贴近岸边时能安全泊岸。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种船舶辅助泊岸方法,包括在船舶上设置一个日盲紫外成像模块和一个数据处理模块,日盲紫外成像模块根据所接收到的、预先在岸上设置的日盲紫外光源阵列发出的日盲紫外光信号,测量所述船舶与有关泊位的位置关系信息,其特征在于,该方法还包括:
    1)设置至少两个GPS信号接收模块,其中至少一个GPS信号接收模块设置在所述船舶上,用于从有关卫星接收所述船舶的位置信号;
    2)所述数据处理模块包括信号接收元件,可以有线和/或无线方式与所述日盲紫外成像模块和所述GPS信号接收模块匹配,并从所述日盲紫外成像模块和所述GPS信号接收模块中接收与船舶位置有关的数据,计算出所述船舶基准点的坐标值,并且根据所述日盲紫外成像模块和安装在所述船舶上的GPS信号接收模块的位置数据,确定所述船舶相对于泊位岸线的姿态角。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种船舶辅助泊岸方法,其特征在于:在所述船舶上安装两个以上的GPS信号接收模块,用于分别接收有关卫星的定位信号,并且根据船舶上的GPS信号接收模块的连线,确定所述船舶相对于泊位岸线的姿态角。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种船舶辅助泊岸方法,其特征在于:在岸上设置至少一个GPS信号接收模块,每个船舶上的GPS信号接收模块与岸上的GPS信号接收模块协同工作,构成GPS差分系统,其中岸上的GPS信号接收模块作为GPS主站,船舶上的GPS信号接收模块作为GPS从站,利用所述GPS主站来增进GPS从站对于船舶位置和姿态角数据的测量精度;并且所述GPS主站,从有关卫星上接收位置数据后,可以直接发给数据处理模块,得到所述船舶的位置数据,也可以将所述位置数据以及有利于增进GPS从站位置数据精度的其它数据先发送到至少一个GPS从站,GPS从站整合所收到的GPS位置接收数据后,对所述数据进行处理,再将数据发送到所述数据处理模块,得到所述船舶的位置数据。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种船舶辅助泊岸方法,其特征在于:所述GPS主站将其位置数据以无线或有线的方式,先发送至一个发射点,再从该发射点以与之前相同或不同的频率,将位置数据无线地发送至所述GPS从站。
  5. 如权利要求2至4之一所述的一种船舶辅助泊岸方法,其特征在于:在所述船舶上安装两个以上的GPS信号接收模块,数据处理模块将所述日盲紫外成像模块与所述船舶上的GPS信号接收模块所得到的N个关于船舶的位置数据进行归一化自相关处理:通过整体误差分析获得一个由所有日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块组成的检测系统的可信度平均值的阈值,以及每个模块可信度的情况,利用该阈值滤除可信度较低的定位数据,进而获得最终的每个模块的可信度权重,之后利用该可信度权重对每个模块进行加权平均即可得到最终的数据。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种船舶辅助泊岸方法,其特征在于:所述日盲紫外成像模块以及GPS信号接收模块所在位置的坐标值用x、y和z分别表示,用向量pi(xi,yi,zi)表示由N组检测子系统返回的N组经角度和空间变换后的定位数据中的第i组定位数据,其中i=1,2,3……N;N=GPS信号接收模块的个数+1;所述经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其获得方法为:在已知所有日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块的相对位置和船舶姿态角的情况下,利用空间位置关系与空间几何变换,将对不同测量模块的位置测量数据转化为对同一测量模块的位置测量数据;数据处理模块进行归一化自相关处理的具体步骤为:
    采用归一化自相关系数NCC表示N组检测子系统返回定位数据的可信度:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100001
    j=1,2,3,…,N;
    设定一个由所有日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块组成的检测系统的可信度平均值的阈值G,并根据该阈值G滤除NCC较低的定位数据,进而获得最终的系统可信度权重w,表达式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100002
    从而得到关于船舶位置的最终的拟合定位数据:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100003
    根据所述N-1个GPS信号接收模块拟合后的坐标值,换算出拟合后的船舶姿态角数据。
  7. 如权利要求2至4之一所述的一种船舶辅助泊岸方法,其特征在于:所述数据处理模块采用数据融合法,分别用于整合定位数据或者姿态角数据;所述数据融合法具体步骤包括:
    (一)当整合的数据为定位数据时,使用向量pi(xi,yi,zi)表示由N组检测子系统返回的N组经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其中i=1,2,3……N;所述经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其获得方法为:在已知所有日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块的相对位置和船舶姿态角的情况下,利用空间位置关系与空间几何变换,将对不同测量模块的位置测量数据转化为对 同一测量模块的位置测量数据;
    a)采用各个检测子系统测量数据实际计算出来的均方根误差rmse来判定每个子系统返回数据的可信度,计算各子系统测量数据的均方根误差公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100004
    其中,rmse代表均方根误差,xi代表i时刻对各个测量子系统在X轴坐标的测量数据,xf代表i时刻对xi数据的滤波值,n代表测量数据的总数,即子系统的个数;i时刻的滤波值通过卡尔曼滤波方法获得;
    b)确定权值:采用分段法,通过曲线拟合进行权值的分配:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100005
    其中,ω为权值,参数b是判断野值的最小限度,参数a是有效数值与可利用数值的界限值。误差大于b则认为是野值,对应权值为0;误差小于a则认为是有效值,对应权值为1,中间的可利用值的权值按照曲线y=f(x)给出,且f(x)必须满足以下条件:在(a,b)这个区间上,随着误差的增大而迅速减小,f(x)采用的表达式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100006
    其中,μ和σ分别为正态分布的均值和方;由于正态曲线在x>μ的区域呈现递减函数的特性,因此在这里取μ=0,实际上运用的是半正态曲线,表达式进一步变为如下:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100007
    ,根据3σ法则给出σ值,通过正态曲线拟合权值分配的方法可以通过下式得到:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100008
    并且,
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100009
    其中,rmseki表示k时刻第i个系统的均方根误差,aki代表k时刻第i个系统的权值;
    c)最终数据融合的结果为:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100010
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100011
    为k时刻的融合值,xki表示各子系统k时刻所得到的测量数据;
    d)通过以上与步骤a)-c)相同方法,计算出Y轴坐标值y以及Z轴坐标值z的数据融合最终结果;
    (二)当整合的数据为姿态角数据时,使用向量qiiii)表示由N个测量子系统返回的N组姿态角数据,其中i=1,2,3……N;然后采用与步骤(一)相同的方法,计算出整合后的姿态角数据。
  8. 如权利要求2至4之一所述的一种船舶辅助泊岸方法,其特征在于:所述数据处理模块采用数据融合法,分别用于整合定位数据或者姿态角数据;所述数据融合法具体步骤包括:
    (一)当整合的数据为定位数据时,使用向量pi(xi,yi,zi)表示由N组检测子系统返回的N组经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其中i=1,2,3……N,所述的经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其获得方法为在已知所有日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块的相对位置和船舶姿态角的情况下,利用空间位置关系与空间几何变换,将对不同测量模块的位置测量数据转化为对同一测量模块的位置测量数据;
    a)计算定位数据中每个坐标序列的标准差:通过计算N组检测子系统返回的N组定位数据中每个坐标序列的标准差,作为判定N组数据中各坐标序列中离群数据的依据;所述坐标序列标准差为:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100012
    其中,index∈(x,y,z)则σindex代表N组数据中各坐标序列的标准差,Xindex代表N组测量的数据,每一组包含坐标值(x,y,z),
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100013
    代表N组数据的平均值,即由各坐标序列平均值组成的一个一维向量;
    b)根据计算出的标准差得到每个坐标序列中的离群数据,离群数据的判定可通过下式获得:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100014
    其中,outliters代表获得的离群数据,由x,y,z组成的一组坐标数据中,只要其中有一个坐标值在其所在的序列中被判为离群数据,则该组坐标值就被判定为N组坐标数据中的离群数据;c为常系数,根据实验经验和需求而定,该常数的确定方法可以是通过大量的测试判断测试值的波动范围,取一以测试值均值为中心的对称范围使大量出现的不合理的点在该范围外,该范围长度的一半即为C;
    c)将离群数据从N组原始测量数据中剔除,则得到新的定位数据序列称为X′维数为N′,之后对X′进行等权平均数据融合得到最终的融合数据如下:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100015
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100016
    为数据融合后的最终的定位数据;
    d)通过以上与步骤a)-c)相同方法,计算出Y轴坐标值y以及Z轴坐标值z的数据融合最终结果;
    (二)当整合的数据为姿态角数据时,使用向量qiiii)表示由N组检测子系统返回的N组姿态角数据,其中i=1,2,3……N;然后采用与步骤(一)相同的方法,计算出整合后的姿态角数据。
  9. 如权利要求1-4中任一权利要求所述的一种船舶辅助泊岸方法,其特征在于:在测量前先对日盲紫外成像模块进行标定,确定所述日盲紫外成像模块与测量有关的光电参数。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的一种船舶辅助泊岸方法,其特征在于:所述日盲紫外成像模块与测量有关的光电参数包括x轴和y轴方向上以像素为单位的焦距fx,fy,像面上的基准点位置cx,cy,以及x轴与y轴方向上的径向畸变系数kx,ky
  11. 如权利要求1-4中任一权利要求所述的一种船舶辅助泊岸方法,其特征在于,船舶的动力控制系统接受由数据处理模块传输的所述日盲紫外光源阵列的泊岸距离信号,并据此自动地调整船舶的姿态,进行泊岸。
  12. 一种船舶辅助泊岸系统,包括一个日盲紫外成像模块,设置在船舶上,根据所接收到 的、预先在岸上设置的日盲紫外光源阵列的光信号,测量所述船舶与有关泊位的位置关系信息;一个数据处理模块,与所述日盲紫外成像模块电气地连接,对所述日盲紫外成像模块的接收数据进行处理,得到所述船舶的坐标,其特征在于,该系统还包括:至少两个GPS信号接收模块,其中至少一个GPS信号接收模块被安装在所述船舶上,每个GPS信号接收模块包括用于从有关卫星上接收定位信号的卫星信号接收部分,以及将所接收的卫星信号传送到所述数据处理模块的信号传送部分;所述数据处理模块与所述GPS信号接收模块电气地连接,并处理GPS信号接收模块从有关卫星所接收的定位数据,并据此确定所述船舶的姿态角。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的一种船舶辅助泊岸系统,其特征在于:安装在所述船舶上的GPS信号接收模块与设置在岸上的GPS信号接收模块协同工作,构成GPS差分系统,其中岸上的GPS信号接收模块作为GPS主站,船舶上的GPS信号接收模块作为GPS从站;所述GPS从站从有关卫星上接收自身的位置数据,并且从所述GPS主站接收所述GPS主站的位置数据以及其它有利于增进GPS从站位置数据精度的数据,并对这些数据进行处理或将这些数据发送到所述的数据处理模块中进行处理,得到表示所述船舶的位置和姿态角数据。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的船舶辅助泊岸系统,其特征在于:所有的GPS信号接收模块都被安装在所述船舶上。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的船舶辅助泊岸系统,其特征在于:所述数据处理模块采用归一化自相关算法对所述日盲紫外成像模块以及GPS信号接收模块得到的坐标值进行整合处理,用x、y和z分别表示日盲紫外成像模块以及两个GPS信号接收模块所在位置的三轴坐标,用向量pi(xi,yi,zi)表示由N组检测子系统返回的N组经角度和空间变换后的定位数据中的第i组定位数据,其中i=1,2,3……N;N=GPS信号接收模块的个数+1;所述经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其获得方法为:在已知所有日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块的相对位置和船舶姿态角的情况下,利用空间位置关系与空间几何变换,将对不同测量模块的位置测量数据转化为对同一测量模块的位置测量数据;所述数据处理模块进行归一化自相关处理的具体步骤为:
    采用归一化自相关系数NCC表示N组检测子系统返回定位数据的可信度:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100017
    j=1,2,3,…,N;
    设定一个由所有日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块组成的检测系统的可信度平均值 的阈值G,并根据该阈值G滤除NCC较低的定位数据,进而获得最终的系统可信度权重w,表达式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100018
    从而得到关于船舶位置的最终的拟合定位数据:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100019
    根据所述N-1个GPS信号接收模块拟合后的坐标值,换算出拟合后的船舶姿态角数据。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的船舶辅助泊岸系统,其特征在于,所述数据处理模块采用数据融合法对所述GPS信号接收模块所接收到的坐标数据进行整合处理,或者将所述GPS信号接收模块测得的坐标数据与所述日盲紫外成像模块所测量到的坐标数据进行整合处理;或者对所述GPS信号接收模块所接收到的姿态角数据进行整合处理;所述数据融合法具体步骤包括:
    (一)当整合的数据为定位数据时,使用向量pi(xi,yi,zi)表示由N组检测子系统返回的N组经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其中i=1,2,3……N;所述经角度和空间变换后的定位数据,其获得方法为:在已知所有日盲紫外成像模块和GPS信号接收模块的相对位置和船舶姿态角的情况下,利用空间位置关系与空间几何变换,将对不同测量模块的位置测量数据转化为对同一测量模块的位置测量数据;
    a)采用各个检测子系统测量数据实际计算出来的均方根误差rmse来判定每个子系统返回数据的可信度,计算各子系统测量数据的均方根误差公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100020
    其中,rmse代表均方根误差,xi代表i时刻对各个测量子系统在X轴坐标的测量数据,xf代表i时刻对xi数据的滤波值,n代表测量数据的总数,即子系统的个数;i时刻的滤波值通过卡尔曼滤波方法获得;
    b)确定权值:采用分段法,通过曲线拟合进行权值的分配,:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100021
    其中,ω为权值,参数b是判断野值的最小限度,参数a是有效数值与可利用数值的界限值。误差大于b则认为是野值,对应权值为0;误差小于a则认为是有效值,对应权值为1,中间的可利用值的权值按照曲线y=f(x)给出,且f(x)必须满足以下条件:在(a,b)这个区间上,随着误差的增大而迅速减小,f(x)采用的表达式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100022
    其中,μ和σ分别为正态分布的均值和方;由于正态曲线在x>μ的区域呈现递减函数的特性,因此在这里取μ=0,实际上运用的是半正态曲线,表达式进一步变为如下:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100023
    ,根据3σ法则给出σ值,通过正态曲线拟合权值分配的方法可以通过下式得到:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100024
    并且,
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100025
    其中,rmseki表示k时刻第i个系统的均方根误差,aki代表k时刻第i个系统的权值;
    c)最终数据融合的结果为:
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100026
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2015090136-appb-100027
    为k时刻的融合值,xki表示各子系统k时刻所得到的测量数据;
    d)通过以上与步骤a)-c)相同方法,计算出Y轴坐标值y以及Z轴坐标值z的数据融合最终结果;
    (二)当整合的数据为姿态角数据时,使用向量qiiii)表示由N组检测子系统返回的 N组姿态角数据,其中i=1,2,3……N;然后采用与步骤(一)相同的方法,计算出整合后的姿态角数据。
  17. 如权利要求13-16之一所述的船舶辅助泊岸系统,其特征在于,所述船舶的动力控制系统接受由数据处理模块传输的所述日盲紫外光源阵列的泊岸距离信号,并据此自动地调整船舶的姿态,进行泊岸。
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