WO2016110368A1

WO2016110368A1 - Light-emitting device

Info

Publication number: WO2016110368A1
Application number: PCT/EP2015/078965
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michael Popp; Nina Riegel; Thomas Wehlus; Jörg FARRNBACHER; Kilian REGAU
Original assignee: Osram Oled Gmbh
Priority date: 2015-01-09
Filing date: 2015-12-08
Publication date: 2016-07-14
Also published as: DE102015100253A1; DE102015100253B4

Abstract

The invention relates to a light-emitting device which has a surface light source (10) and at least one beam-forming reflector element (11) which is separate from the surface light source (10), wherein the surface light source (10) has at least one organic light-emitting component (100) and at least one inorganic light-emitting diode (200) on the organic light-emitting component (100), and wherein the surface light source (10) radiates light (2) in an operational state at least onto the reflector element (11), said light being radiated by the reflector element (11) into the surroundings of the light-emitting device.

Description

description

Light emitting device There is a light emitting device having a

Area light source indicated.

This patent application claims the priority of German Patent Application 10 2015 100 253.1, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

The emission characteristic of area light sources such as organic light emitting diodes corresponds

usually Lambert 'see radiation characteristic, which is not always optimal for general lighting purposes. Furthermore, with regard to lighting standards for general lighting, it may be necessary to ensure glare even at high brightness levels of 3000 Cd / m ² or more at beam angles between 65 ° and 90 ° to the ceiling normal, but this is the case with a Lambert '

Radiation characteristic can not be guaranteed.

In the prior art it is known that

Radiation characteristic of area light sources, such as

organic light-emitting diodes to influence by scattering films, diffusers or structured layers of light-emitting diodes. Such measures are described for example in the publications US 7,527,398 B2, US 7,011,420 B2, US 2012/037943 AI and

WO 2014/001046 AI described.

At least one object of certain embodiments is to provide a light-emitting device with a

Specify area light source. This object is achieved by an article according to the independent claim. advantageous

Embodiments and further developments of the subject matter are characterized in the dependent claims and will become apparent from the following description and the drawings.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a light-emitting device has at least one area light source. As "surface light source", a light source is here and hereinafter referred to, which has a substantially flat, so for example, plate-like shape.

Accordingly, the surface light source has two main surfaces lying opposite one another, of which at least one is designed as a light output surface and whose dimensions are larger, preferably by at least one or more

Orders of magnitude larger than a perpendicular to the

Main surfaces are measured thickness of the surface light source. In other words, the surface light source has at least one light output surface designed as a luminous surface, whose dimensions are greater than a perpendicular to the light output

Light output surface measured thickness are. In particular, the surface light source over a large area with respect to the light output surface and thus with respect to the

Main surfaces be formed. "Large area" can mean that the main surfaces and thus also the at least one light output surface with an area greater than or equal to a few square millimeters, preferably greater than or equal to one square centimeter and particularly preferably greater than or equal to a square decimeter

are formed. Accordingly, the dimensions of the Main surfaces and thus also the at least one

Lichtauskoppelfläche be greater than or equal to a few millimeters, preferably greater than or equal to one centimeter and more preferably greater than or equal to one decimeter.

According to a further embodiment, the

Area light source emitting an organic light

Component on. The organic light emitting device may comprise an organic functional layer stack having at least one organic light emitting layer between two electrodes. In particular, the organic light-emitting component may be formed as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), which in operation by at least one of the electrodes visible light

can radiate. For this purpose, at least one of the electrodes is transparent.

In this case, "transparent" refers to a layer which is permeable to visible light, whereby the transparent layer may be transparent or at least partially light-scattering and / or partially absorbing light, so that a layer designated as transparent, for example, also diffuse or milky

can be translucent. Particularly preferred is a layer designated here as transparent as possible

permeable to visible light that is formed

in particular the absorption of in organic light

emitting element is as low as possible. According to a further embodiment, both electrodes of the organic light-emitting component are transparent, so that the organic light-emitting component

Component as a transparent organic light emitting Component can be formed. At least in

turned off state, the organic light

be correspondingly transparent, while in the on state light over both

Main surfaces can be radiated.

According to a further embodiment, the organic light-emitting component has a Lambert's look

Radiation characteristic on. In other words, that means at an angle to the surface normal of the

Light output surface of the organic light emitting device radiated intensity is proportional to or substantially proportional to cos. In particular, the organic light emitting device can be free from

Dispersing layers, diffuser elements and / or other optical components, which are intended to be

To influence emission of the organic light-emitting device. Accordingly, the

Area light source be free of such components.

According to a further embodiment, the

Area light source on at least one inorganic light emitting diode. Furthermore, the surface light source may also have a plurality of inorganic light emitting diodes, which may be formed the same or different. The

Area light source can thus at least one in addition to the organic light emitting device

Point light source in the form of at least one light emitting diode. The at least one inorganic light-emitting diode can in particular emit light on the organic light

Be arranged component, so that the organic light-emitting device is designed as a support for the at least one inorganic light emitting diode. The at least one Inorganic light-emitting diode can, during operation, turn light away from a component emitting from the organic light

Direction and / or in the organic light emitting

Blast component into it.

The at least one light-emitting diode may be based on a binary, ternary or quaternary III-V compound semiconductor system which is selected from the material groups AlGaAs, InGaAlP, AlInGaN or an II-VI compound semiconductor system or another

Semiconductor material. The at least one light-emitting diode can have at least one light-emitting active region, such as a pn junction, a double heterostructure, or a light-emitting diode

Quantum well structure and electrical contact layers such as metal layers have. The at least one

inorganic light emitting diode can be used as light emitting

Semiconductor chip or as one or more light-emitting semiconductor chip may be formed in a housing. By way of example, the at least one light-emitting diode may be a surface-mounted light-emitting diode. Furthermore, the inorganic light emitting diode

at least one phosphor, which is provided and arranged to convert at least a portion of the light emitted from a light-emitting semiconductor chip light into light having a different wavelength.

Such materials and structures are known from the prior art and therefore will not be further here

executed.

During operation, the at least one inorganic light-emitting diode can emit light which is different from the light emitted by the organic light-emitting component. The organic light emitting device and the at least an organic light-emitting diode can be operated independently of each other with each adjustable intensity.

According to a further embodiment, the

Area light source at least one organic light

emitting components and at least one inorganic light emitting diode, with respect to their respective

Radiation direction are aligned opposite to each other. In other words, this means that the organic light-emitting component and the at least one inorganic light-emitting diode can emit light in opposite directions during operation. For example, a one-sided emitting organic light-emitting component can be used for this purpose, that is to say an organic light-emitting component which has only one light output surface. On an outside of the organic light emitting

Component which is opposite to the light output surface of the organic light emitting device, the at least one light emitting diode may be mounted.

According to a further embodiment, the organic light-emitting component has a photoconductive substrate on which the electrodes and the organic functional layer stack are arranged. The at least one

inorganic light emitting diode may be mounted on the substrate and in an operating state light into the substrate

radiate. The photoconductive substrate can thus be referred to as

Optical fiber for that of the inorganic light emitting diode

serve radiated light and provide a light output surface through which the light of the inorganic

LED can be radiated. About the same

Lichtauskoppelfläche and / or over another

Lichtauskoppelfläche can that of the organic light

emitting component in operation generated light be radiated. The coupling of light into the photoconductive substrate can take place, for example, over a side surface of the substrate which forms the two main surfaces of the substrate

Connecting substrate together. In such a

Side-coupled LED, it may be possible to reduce the thermal load.

According to a further embodiment, the light

emitting device at least one of the

Area light source separate jet-forming

Reflector element on. The reflector element can be set up in particular to a desired

To cause emission characteristic for the light-emitting device, which is different from the

Radiation characteristic of the surface light source is.

In particular, it may be due to a suitable choice of

beamforming reflector element be possible to produce any desired radiation characteristic in combination with the surface light source, without additional optical layers such as scattering layers or diffuser elements on the surface light source itself

provided. It may be possible to do this

To produce a radiation pattern with a high aspect ratio, which means that the radiation characteristic can be adjusted in relation to a wide range of applications, especially for a use that can range from a spatially limited spot lighting to a basic illumination covering a large solid angle. By using the jet-forming

Reflector element in combination with at least one

Area light source, it may also be possible to comply with standards and guidelines, for example, for lighting applications, not from the area light source alone can be complied with. The fact that the area light source is separated from the reflector element may in particular mean that the area light source and the reflector element are not permanently connected to each other. Insoluble would mean that a separation of the reflector element and the

Surface light source is not provided and a distance of the reflector element or the surface light source

possibly lead to damage or destruction of the other or both elements. In particular, the reflector element is not an integral part of the surface light source and vice versa, but these are elements of the light-emitting device, which are provided independently.

According to a further embodiment, the organic light-emitting component and the at least one

inorganic light emitting diode of the surface light source separately controllable. As a result, the respectively emitted light intensity can be regulated separately from one another, so that the emission characteristic and intensity of the light emitted by the light-emitting device can be dynamically changeable. When using different colors and / or color temperatures of the organic light-emitting device and the at least one

As a result, in particular a change in the color and / or color temperature of the light emitted by the light-emitting device can be possible for inorganic light-emitting diode in each case of radiated light. Furthermore, it may also be possible for the at least one light-emitting diode to be part of a module having a plurality of inorganic light-emitting diodes which preferably generate light in different spectral ranges. Such a multi-colored light emitting diode module may have a variably controllable color emission, so that an additional possibility for controlling the color and / or color temperature of the light emitted by the light-emitting device may be given. According to another embodiment, the radiates

Area light source in at least one operating state light at least on the reflector element. That on the

Reflector element emitted light is from the reflector element in an environment of the light-emitting device

radiated. In other words, this means that the light-emitting device has at least one operating state in which the area light source does not emit light, or not only directly to the surroundings, but that at least a part of that from the area light source

radiated light over the reflector element in the

Environment is radiated. The light-emitting device can thus be operated by a method in which an operating state can be selected, in which the

Area light source emits light onto the reflector element, which is in turn emitted by the reflector element in an environment of the light-emitting device. Of the

Operating state can be one of several possible

Operating conditions or even the only operating state of the light-emitting device. That of the

Area light source radiated to the reflector element

Light can be generated by the organic light-emitting component and / or the at least one inorganic light-emitting diode. According to a further embodiment, the

Reflector element a structured reflector surface for

Beam forming on. This may mean, in particular, that the reflector element has a surface structure which is the Surface light source is at least partially facing and which influences the light irradiated on the reflector element such that a desired radiation characteristic is achieved for the light-emitting device.

For example, the structured reflector surface may have a three-dimensionally shaped microstructure. The microstructuring can be structures in one

Order of magnitude of millimeters to microns. The structuring of the reflector surface can vary spatially laterally, that is to say along the reflector surface, in order to produce a desired local reflection by means of a targeted local reflection

To achieve radiation characteristic. The microstructuring of the reflector surface can, for example, be arranged laterally in different spatial directions

Have reflector elements or surface areas.

By way of example, the reflector surface may have structures selected from wave-shaped, jagged, pyramid-shaped and prism-shaped surface regions which have spatially differently oriented surface regions. Such a laterally different angular positions of the reflector elements or surface areas of

microstructured reflector surface may be too local

different reflection directions and thus lead to locally different emission directions. Furthermore, different sides of the microstructure, ie spatially differently oriented surface areas, can also be provided with different optical coatings, for example by shading effects during coating. The different optical coatings can lead to a further directional influence of the reflected light intensity. Furthermore, the reflector element may have a plurality of functional layers. This may in particular mean that the reflector element selected at least one or more layers, for example, a clear translucent layer, a diffusely transparent layer, a specularly reflective layer, a diffusely reflecting layer and a layer with a structuring for a locally varying transmission and / or reflection can have. For example, the reflector element may have a specularly reflective layer which has a structured reflector surface on which a clear translucent or a diffuse

transmitting layer is applied. By the suitable choice of a structured reflector surface and / or one or more functional layers, the beam shape of the light reflected by the reflector element can be selectively varied in order to be used in combination with the one used

Area light source to achieve a desired radiation pattern for the light-emitting device.

By way of example, the reflector element may have a mirror layer provided with a microstructured reflector surface on which a single-layer or multi-layered mirror layer is provided

translucent protective coating is applied. As a reflective material, the reflector element

For example, silver and / or aluminum with a

Reflectivity of greater than or equal to 95%, for example between 96% and 98%, with the limits included. Furthermore, other metals are possible, for example metals, preferably one or more

Reflect colors. In particular, the reflective material may alternatively or in addition to the aforementioned metals, for example, one or more selected made of gold, platinum and copper. The reflective material may in this case be formed on one or more layers. As a protective coating, for example, a

single layer or multiple layers, so one

Layer sequence, with or from alumina and / or

Silicon oxide are applied, for example a

Layer sequence with a silicon oxide layer between two aluminum oxide layers. Such a protective coating may have a total thickness of less than or equal to 1 ym.

Furthermore, the reflector element may be a dielectric

Layer structure, for example in the form of a Bragg mirror have. The layer structure may form the reflector surface and may have a microstructure as described above. For a dielectric layer structure, one or more of the following materials may be used: SiO _x having an index of refraction adjustable between 1.05 and 1.5, including the boundaries and also permitting a columnar structure; A10 _x with a refractive index of 2.5; TiO _x with a refractive index of 3.1; ZrO _x with a refractive index of 2.2; Nitrides and

Carbides such as SiN, TiN, AlN, SiC; Salts such as CaF, MgF. For example, by a dielectric structure with 10 SiO _x / TiO _x layer pairs each having λ / 4 layer thicknesses at λ = 510 nm, a stop band between 390 nm and 630 nm and a

Reflectivity of 99.99998% can be achieved. Depending on the position of the stopband, which can also be varied locally by a layer thickness variation, for example, color components in the reflected light can be selectively faded in and out, so that, for example, a change in cold white and warm white light may be possible. Thus, by local differences in the microstructuring and / or the coating color effects can be adjusted so that by the Reflector element by locally selective filtering different colors and / or an angle-dependent

Color reproduction depending on the structure of the dielectric structure may be possible.

In addition, combinations of dielectric layers, in particular dielectric mirrors, and

Metal layers possible. For example, thin metal layers may be disposed between dielectric layers.

In accordance with the design of the reflective material with metal and / or dielectric layers, this can in particular also result in an angle-dependent color impression of a reflected light. Furthermore, it may also be possible that the

Reflector element has micromirror. The micromirrors can in particular be on one of the surface light source

be arranged facing side of the reflector element.

Furthermore, it may also be possible for the micromirrors to be adjustable, that is to say, for example, with regard to their position and / or their orientation relative to

Area light source. As a result, it may be possible for the reflector element to be a variable reflector element with which, in combination with a same surface light source

different emission characteristics can be adjusted. In particular, a plurality of such

Micromirror form the reflector surface of the reflector element. The micromirrors can be reflective

Surface with one or more of the aforementioned

Have materials.

The beam-shaping reflector element can with respect to its basic shape, in particular with respect to the basic shape of Reflector surface, be even. Furthermore, a curved shape is possible, ie in particular a concave or convex basic shape of the reflector surface. By the

purposeful geometrical structure, thus the structure of the

beam-forming reflector element and the

Radiation characteristic of the surface light source and the

Relative arrangement of the surface light source for at least one beam-forming reflector element, it may still be possible to restrict the radiation angle targeted.

Through a targeted use of a particular

beam-forming reflector element, the light-emitting device may have a desired radiation characteristic. By using or replacing several

different reflector elements, in particular those with differently shaped reflector surfaces, with a same surface light source a plurality of

different emission characteristics can be achieved. By using a reflector element having adjustable micromirrors, it may also be possible to achieve different emission characteristics in a method for operating the light-emitting device with a same reflector element in combination with a same surface light source. Furthermore, it may also be possible at

Using a same beam-forming reflector element in combination with different surface light sources, ie area light sources, the different

Have radiation characteristics, different

Radiation characteristics for the light-emitting

To generate device. Furthermore, it may be possible for the light-emitting device to have several

Has surface light sources, so that in different operating conditions, a different number and selection of area light sources in combination with a same beam-forming reflector element to different emission characteristics for the light-emitting

Device can lead. In addition, the light-emitting device may also include one or more

Have surface light sources which are segmented and thus at least two or more independently

have operable light segments. In addition to the reflective properties, the at least one beam-forming reflector element can have further functions and / or properties, for example a temperature dissipation. Moreover, it may also be possible that optical functions for the reflector element can be made by processes other than the

Surface light source are compatible, so for example, would damage the surface light source such as a

certain temperature during the application of functional layers.

According to a further embodiment, the light

emitting device to an operating state in which the surface light source emits light in a direction opposite to the reflector element direction. This may in particular mean that the surface light source in this

Operating state Light radiates directly into the environment. That of the surface light source directly into the environment

radiated light can through the organic light

emitting component and / or the at least one

inorganic light emitting diode can be generated. For example, it may be possible for the area light source to have a

Operating state, in which light is emitted at least on the reflector element, and another Operating state in which light at least in a

Reflector element is radiated opposite direction. It may be possible for the light-emitting device to be operated such that therebetween

Operating states can be switched back and forth.

Furthermore, it may also be possible that the

Area light source has an operating state in which light is emitted simultaneously to the reflector element and in a direction opposite to the reflector element direction. This may be one of the above

Operating conditions act additional operating state.

According to a further embodiment, the

Area light source on at least one optically switchable element, with which can be changed between different operating states for changing a radiation direction of the radiated light. The optically switchable element may comprise, for example, an electronic ink, a switchable polarization filter, a switchable color filter and / or a switchable mirror with which a

Transmission and / or reflection of light emitted by the

organic light emitting device and / or the at least one inorganic light emitting diode is radiated, can be controlled in one or more specific directions. Furthermore, such an optically switchable element can also be integrated in the reflector element.

In the light emitting device described herein, it may be formed by the combination of a surface light source having at least one organic light emitting device and at least one inorganic light emitting diode and a beam shaping

Reflector element be possible, a targeted To achieve radiation characteristic, depending on the control of the light sources of the surface light source variable and

can be changed dynamically, for example with respect to the light intensity and / or color temperature. Furthermore, influencing the emission characteristic

additional elements directly on or in the

Surface light source must be integrated, be waived. Due to the fact that the surface light source of

beam-forming reflector element is separated, the surface light source or the reflector element can be exchangeable. For example, it may be possible for a different area light source to be used for different light-emitting devices, while the respective final blasting and / or coloring may be used by each

selected beam-forming reflector element is determined. It can in this regard any suitable

Be useful materials, for example for

Coatings, with no regard, for example, to the stability of the surface light source, such as the

Substrate stability in an organic light-emitting device, must be done so that a greater degree of freedom in the reflector structuring can be achieved.

Furthermore, suitable microstructuring methods for producing the reflector surface of the reflector element can be used, which are not suitable for surface light sources, for example.

Further advantages, advantageous embodiments and

Further developments emerge from the following in

Compound described with the figures

Exemplary embodiments.

Show it: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a

Area light source according to an embodiment,

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a light

emitting device according to another

Embodiment,

Figures 3A to 4D are schematic representations of

Reflector elements according to further embodiments and

Figures 5 to 7 are schematic representations of light

emitting devices according to others

Exemplary embodiments.

In the exemplary embodiments and figures, identical, identical or identically acting elements can each be provided with the same reference numerals. The illustrated elements and their proportions with each other are not to be regarded as true to scale, but individual elements, such as layers, components, components and areas, for better representation and / or better understanding may be exaggerated.

In Figure 1, according to one embodiment of the

basic structure of a surface light source 10 shown purely by way of example, an organic light emitting

Device 100 and a plurality of inorganic

Light emitting diodes 200 has. The organic light emitting device 100 is in particular as organic light

emitting diode (OLED) is formed. Alternative to

In the embodiment shown, the surface light source 10 also a plurality of organic light-emitting components and / or one or more inorganic light-emitting diodes

which in terms of their number of the in

Diverge shown embodiment number differ.

The organic light-emitting component 100, which may also be referred to below as OLED 100, has a substrate 101 on which an organic functional layer stack 103 with at least one organic light-emitting layer is arranged between electrodes 102 and 104. At least one of the electrodes 102, 104 is transparent, so that light generated in the organic functional layer stack 103 during operation of the OLED 100 can be radiated through the at least one transparent electrode.

The substrate 101 is made transparent, for example in the form of a glass plate or glass layer. Alternatively, the substrate 101, for example, a transparent

Plastic or a glass-plastic laminate.

In particular, the substrate 101 is formed as a photoconductive substrate. On side surfaces of the substrate 101, which connect the main surfaces of the substrate 101 to each other, inorganic light-emitting diodes 200 are arranged, which can couple the light generated during operation of the light-emitting diodes 200 into the substrate 101. The substrate 101 is thus a

Carrier element for the inorganic light-emitting diodes 200 and acts as a light guide for the inorganic

LEDs 200 light emitted during operation. One of the main surfaces of the substrate 101, for example, facing away from the organic functional layer stack 103

Main surface, a light output surface at least for that of the inorganic light-emitting diodes 200 in operation

form radiated light. At the same time this can Main surface also form a light output surface for the light generated in the organic functional layer stack 103 in operation. The inorganic light-emitting diodes 200 may each be individual light-emitting semiconductor chips that are directly or incorporated in a housing on the organic light

emitting device 100 are applied. Furthermore, the inorganic light-emitting diodes 200 can also be modules with a plurality of light-emitting

Act semiconductor chips, which may be the same or different and which are controlled according to the intensity and or the color and color temperature of the emitted light. The light emitting diodes 200 may be formed as described above in the general part and in particular based on one or more of said semiconductor material systems. Furthermore, the inorganic light emitting diodes 200 may comprise phosphors. The electrode 102 of the organic light-emitting component 100 which is applied to the substrate 101 may, like the substrate 101, be made transparent and comprise, for example, a transparent conductive oxide. Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are transparent conductive materials, typically metal oxides such as zinc oxide, tin oxide, aluminum tin oxide, cadmium oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide and indium tin oxide (ITO)

For example, ZnO, Sn0 ₂ or Ιη ₂ θ _{3 also} include ternary

Metal oxygen compounds such as Zn ₂ SnO ₄ , CdSnO ₃ , ZnSnO ₃ , Mgln ₂ O ₄ , GalnO ₃ , Zn ₂ In ₂ O ₅ or In ₄ Sn ₃ O _2, or mixtures of different transparent conductive oxides into the group of TCOs. Furthermore, the TCOs do not match mandatory a stoichiometric composition and may also be p- or n-doped. Furthermore, a transparent electrode can, for example, also be a transparent metal, metallic network structures or conductive networks,

For example, with or from silver, and / or graphene or carbonaceous layers or a combination of said transparent materials.

The further electrode 104 on the organic functional layer stack 103 may be reflective and comprise a metal that may be selected from aluminum, barium, indium, silver, gold, magnesium, calcium, copper and lithium as well as compounds, combinations and alloys therewith. In particular, the electrode 104 may comprise Ag, Al, Cu or alloys or layer stacks with these,

for example Ag / Mg, Ag / Ca, Mg / Al or also Mo / Al / Mo or Cr / Al / Cr. Alternatively or additionally, the electrode 104 may also be an above-mentioned TCO material or a

Layer stack with at least one TCO and at least one metal.

The lower electrode 102 may be formed as an anode, while the upper electrode 104 may be formed as a cathode. With appropriate choice of material but also in terms of polarity reversed construction is possible.

For electrical contacting of the electrodes 102 and 104, as shown in Figure 1, also

Electrode fittings 105 may be provided which extend under the encapsulation 107 described below from the electrodes 102, 104 to the outside. The electrode connecting pieces 105 designed as electrical contact leads can become transparent depending on the direction of emission of the OLED 100 or non-transparent and, for example, comprise or be a TCO and / or a metal.

For example, the electrode terminals 105 may be formed by a metal layer or a metal layer stack, such as Mo / Al / Mo, Cr / Al / Cr, Ag / Mg or Al or Cu.

The organic functional layer stack 103 may

in addition to the at least one organic light

emitting layer further organic layers, for example one or more selected from a

Hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a charge generation layer (CGL) capable of conducting holes or electrons to the organic light emitting layer and the respective transport, respectively to block the layers of the

organic functional layer stack 103 may

organic polymers, organic oligomers, organic

In particular, it may be advantageous for the organic functional layer stack 103 to comprise a functional layer designed as a hole transport layer for effective hole injection into the organic layer As materials for a hole transport layer, tertiary amines, carbazole derivatives, conductive polyaniline or polyethylenedioxythiophene, for example, may prove to be advantageous as materials for the light

emitting layer are suitable electroluminescent

Materials that have a radiation emission due to

Have fluorescence or phosphorescence, for example Polyfluorene, polythiophene or polyphenylene or derivatives, compounds, mixtures or copolymers thereof.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1,

Isolator 106 may be present, for example, with or made of polyimide, for example, the electrodes 102, 104 can electrically isolate against each other. Depending on

Embodiment of the individual layers of the OLED 100 also need not necessarily be insulator layers 106 and may not be present, for example with corresponding mask processes for applying the layers.

Above the organic functional layer stack 103 and the electrodes 102, 104, an encapsulation 107 for protecting the organic functional layer stack 103 and the electrodes 102, 104 is arranged. The encapsulation 107 is particularly preferred as Dünnfilmverkapselung

executed. Under one as Dünnfilmverkapselung

trained encapsulation is understood in the present case to mean a device which is suitable for providing a barrier to atmospheric substances, in particular to moisture and oxygen and / or to other harmful substances

Substances such as corrosive gases, for example

Hydrogen sulfide, to form. In other words, the thin-film encapsulation is designed to be of

atmospheric substances can be penetrated at most to very small proportions. In the case of thin-film encapsulation, this barrier effect is essentially produced by one or more barrier layers and / or passivation layers embodied as thin layers, which are part of the encapsulation. The layers of the encapsulation generally have a thickness of less than or equal to a few 100 nm. In particular, the thin-film encapsulation may comprise or consist of one or more thin layers which are responsible for the barrier effect of the encapsulation. The thin layers, for example, by means of a

Atomic layer deposition ("ALD") or molecular layer deposition ("MLD"). Suitable materials for the layers of the encapsulation arrangement may be

for example, alumina, zinc oxide, zirconia,

Titanium oxide, hafnium oxide, lanthanum oxide, tantalum oxide and the above-mentioned TCOs, such as aluminum tin oxide.

Preferably, the encapsulation has a layer sequence with a plurality of the thin layers, each having a thickness between an atomic layer and a few 100 nm.

Alternatively or in addition to using ALD or MLD

produced thin layers can be the encapsulation

at least one or a plurality of further layers, ie in particular barrier layers and / or

Passivierungsschichten, which by thermal vapor deposition or by means of a plasma-assisted process, such as sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition ("plasma-enhanced chemical vapor

deposition ", PECVD)

Materials for this may be the aforementioned materials as well as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride,

Indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide,

Alumina and mixtures and alloys of said materials. The one or more others

For example, layers may each have a thickness between 1 nm and 5 ym, and preferably between 1 nm and 400 nm, with the limits included. As an alternative or in addition to a thin-film encapsulation, the encapsulation 107 can also have a glass cover which, for example, in the form of a glass substrate with a cavity, can be applied to the substrate 101 by means of an adhesive layer

is glued on. In the cavity can continue to

Moisture absorbing material (getter), such as zeolite, may be glued to bind moisture, oxygen or other damaging gases that may penetrate through the adhesive. Furthermore, the

Adhesive layer for attaching the lid on the substrate itself to be absorbent for damaging substances and / or adhesive layer structures may be present.

Furthermore, as seen from the substrate 101 on the

Encapsulation 107, as shown in Figure 1, a pasted by means of an adhesive layer 108 cover 109th

be arranged. The cover 109 may, for example, by a glass layer or glass plate or a plastic, a metal or a combination or a laminate of the

be formed materials and in particular in

Connection with a designed as a thin-film encapsulation encapsulation 107 as a mechanical protection, in particular as scratch protection, serve, without the cover 109 itself must act encapsulating. Alternatively or additionally, a protective lacquer, for example in the form of a spray lacquer, may also be applied to the encapsulation 107.

The electrodes 102, 104 are preferably formed over a large area and contiguous, correspondingly, the other elements of the organic light emitting

Component 100 be formed over a large area, so that the organic light-emitting device 100 as a large area Light source is formed, preferably with an area greater than or equal to a few square millimeters, preferably greater than or equal to one square centimeter and more preferably greater than or equal to one square decimeter. The organic functional layer stack 103

opposite surfaces of the substrate 101 and the cover 109 form the main surfaces of both the organic light emitting device 100 and the surface light source 10. In particular, the organic light emitting

Device 100 is a Lambert 'see or substantially

Lambert 'see radiating characteristic.

The OLED 100 may be designed as a so-called bottom emitter due to the transparent substrate 101 and the transparent lower electrode 102 and in operation emit light through the transparent electrode 102 and the transparent substrate 101, so that the organic functional

Layer stack 103 facing away from the surface of the substrate 101 is the light outcoupling surface of the surface light source 10 for both the light generated in the OLED 100 and for the light generated in the inorganic light-emitting diodes 200. Alternative to

described bottom emitter configuration, the upper electrode 104 facing away from the substrate 101 may be formed transparent to the in operation in the

organic functional layer stack 103 emitted light through the upper electrode 104 in a direction away from the substrate 101 direction, so that in the shown

Embodiment of the organic functional

Layer stack 103 facing away from surface of the cover 109 may be the light output surface of the surface light source 10. In this case, the OLED 100 is designed as a so-called top emitter. In addition to the upper electrode 104, in the top-emitter configuration, the encapsulation 107 and, if present, also the adhesive layer 108 and the Cover 109 formed transparent. The between the

Substrate 101 and the organic functional

Layer stack 103 disposed lower electrode 102 may, if no light emission of the organic

functional layer stack 103 generated by the substrate 101 is desired to be formed also reflective. In this case, the light generated in the organic functional layer stack 103 and that in the

inorganic light emitting diodes 200 generated light in

opposite directions are radiated.

Furthermore, the OLED 100 can also simultaneously as a bottom emitter and as a top emitter and thus preferably as

be formed transparent OLED and have a combination of each mentioned in connection with the bottom and top emitter configuration features, in particular two transparent electrodes 102, 104. The coupled into the substrate 101 light of the inorganic light-emitting diodes 200 in this case, both are radiated through the substrate 101 as well as in the direction opposite to the substrate 101. In this case, the two can

Main surfaces of the surface light source 10, that is, the organic functional layer stack 103 facing away from the surfaces of the substrate 101 and the cover 109,

Lichtauskoppelflächen for in the organic functional layer stack 103 and by the inorganic

Light emitting diodes 200 each be generated light.

With regard to further features of the organic light emitting device 100, for example with regard to the structure, the layer composition and the materials of the organic functional layer stack, the

Electrodes and the encapsulation, is to the document WO 2010/066245 AI referenced in terms of the construction of an organic light-emitting device and also in the

With regard to modifications and variations of the organic light emitting device shown in Figure 1 is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.

The exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 2, 5 and 6 shown below each have a purely exemplary embodiment

Area light source 10, which formed according to the embodiment of Figure 1. In conjunction with FIG. 7, a further variant of a surface light source 10 is shown.

Alternatively, the surface light sources 10 of the following embodiments may also have other arrangements of inorganic light emitting diodes 200 on the at least one organic light emitting device 100.

In particular, the features described in connection with Figure 1 are not limiting for the following

Embodiments to understand. FIG. 2 shows a light-emitting device 1 which has a surface light source 10 with an organic-light-emitting component 100 which is designed as a bottom emitter and accordingly has a

Has light output surface, which is formed by the organic functional layer stack facing away from the main surface of the substrate. That of the inorganic

Light emitting diodes 200 generated in operation light is through

emitted the same light output surface. Accordingly, the electrode of the organic light-emitting component 100 arranged on the side of the organic functional layer stack facing away from the substrate is correspondingly arranged

highly reflective designed. The surface light source 10 thus has only one-sided radiation of the organic light emitting device 100 and of the inorganic light emitting diodes 200 respectively radiated light, wherein the relative radiated light components can be variably adjustable.

Furthermore, the light-emitting device 1 has a beam-reflecting reflector element 11 which is separate from the surface light source 10 and to which the surface light source 10 radiates light 2 in an operating state. That on the

Reflecting element 11 radiated light is reflected by a structured reflector surface 114 of the reflector element 11 in the desired manner. Thereby, the light-emitting device 1 radiates reflected light 3 into the light source

Environment from the by the indirect emission of the light generated by the surface light source 10 through the

Reflector element 11 certain desired

Has emission characteristic.

The reflector surface 114 of the jet-forming

Reflector element 11 can for this purpose a suitable lateral

Structuring, so have a suitable structuring along the main extension directions of the reflector surface 114. The reflector element 11 and thus in particular the basic shape of the reflector surface 114 can furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, be concavely curved. Alternatively, depending on the desired radiation characteristic of the light-emitting device 1, a convex curvature or a planar design is possible. Due to the shape of the

Reflector element 11, a suitable combination of the surface of the surface light source 10 and the reflector surface 114 and a suitable distance between the surface light source 10 and the external reflector element 11, the shading or special emphasis certain beam angle in Be possible with regard to the intensity of the radiated light.

For example, the structured reflector surface 114 may have a three-dimensionally formed microstructure having structures in the order of millimeters to micrometers. The structuring of the reflector surface 114, as can be seen in FIG. 2, can vary spatially laterally, that is to say along the main extension direction of the reflector surface 114, in order to achieve the desired emission characteristic by means of a targeted local reflection. The

Reflector surface 114 may, for example, arranged laterally aligned in different spatial directions

Have reflector elements or surface areas, the

form wavelike, jagged, pyramidal and / or prismatic structures, thereby causing local

different emission directions for the reflected light 3 can be achieved. Furthermore, also spatially differently oriented surface areas with

be provided with different optical coatings, whereby an additional influence of the light intensity reflected in different solid angles can be achieved. As a result, it is possible, for example, to achieve spatially delimited spot illumination, general illumination emitted in a large solid angle, or mixed forms thereof.

As shown in FIG. 2, the reflector element 11 can be formed by a structured single-layer reflector with a reflective material, for example aluminum and / or

Silver, at least on the reflector surface 114 are formed. Alternatively, it is also possible that the

Reflector element 11, as shown in Figure 3A, a

A plurality of functional layers 111, 112, 113, which by a suitable choice of different transmissions and / or reflectivities a desired

Cause radiation characteristic. For example, the reflector element 11 shown in FIG. 3 may be a structured multilayer reflector having functional layers with or made of metal, oxides, nitrides, salts and / or glass. For example, the functional layer 111 may be a specularly reflective layer of one of the aforementioned metals, while the functional one may be the functional one

Layer 112 is a targeted light-scattering or not

light scattering transmissive layer. The the

Reflective surface 114 having functional layer 113 may have a suitable three-dimensional microstructure and, for example, also be diffuse or clear translucent. Furthermore, the reflector element 11 may be a multilayer

Structure similar to that shown in Figure 3A, which is formed in the form of a Bragg mirror. The

Layer structure may form the reflector surface 114 and have a microstructure as described above. A

Bragg mirror-like layer structure may preferably comprise one or more of the following materials: oxides such as SiO _x , A _xx , TiO _x , ZrO _x , nitrides and carbides such as SiN, TiN, AlN, SiC, salts such as CaF, MgF , Here can

Preferably, a plurality of layer pairs of functional layers with different refractive indices are used, for example as in the general part above

is described. In addition, it may also be possible that, as shown in Figure 3B, the reflector element 11 a provided with a microstructured reflector surface 114 as

Mirror layer formed functional layer 111

has on which a single or multi-layered

translucent protective coating is applied. The functional layer 111 formed as a mirror layer can, for example, have silver and / or aluminum with a reflectivity of greater than or equal to 95%, for example between 96% and 98%, where the boundaries are included, or be thereof, as described in connection with FIG , As a protective coating, for example, a

be applied to a single layer or a layer sequence, for example, a layer sequence with a functional layer 1113 of silicon oxide between two functional

Layers 112 of alumina. The protective coating may have a total thickness of less than or equal to 1 ym.

Furthermore, it may also be possible that the

Reflector element 11 has micromirror 115, as shown in Figures 4A to 4D. The micromirrors 115 may be, for example, metal mirrors, for example with or made of silver and / or aluminum, or Bragg mirrors. In particular, the reflector element 11 may be a reflector housing

have adjustable micromirrors 115, wherein in the

Figures 4A to 4D different orientations of

Micromirror 115 are shown. This makes it possible to change the beam shape and thus the emission characteristic of the light-emitting device with the same reflector element.

The light-emitting devices 1 shown in connection with the following figures may be used as an alternative to Reflector elements 11 shown also have other, for example, the reflector elements 11 described in connection with FIGS. 3A to 4D. FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a light

emitting device 1, which in comparison to the light-emitting device 1 of Figure 2 a

Bidirectionally radiating surface light source 10 has. This allows the surface light source 10 at the same time light 2 on the reflector element 11 and light 4 directly into the

Radiate the environment.

For example, the organic light emitting

Component 100 may be designed as a top emitter, so that the light 4 emitted directly into the environment may have a lambertian or essentially lambertian emission characteristic. The light emitted from the inorganic light emitting diodes 200 into the substrate of the organic light emitting device 100 can be detected by the organic light

Layer stack remote main surface of the substrate are emitted as light 2 to the reflector element 11. The electrode arranged between the organic functional layer stack and the substrate of the organic light-emitting component 100 is in this case corresponding

reflective trained. By this optical separation, the light generated by the inorganic light emitting diodes 200 is radiated in an opposite direction as compared with the light generated by the organic light emitting device 100. The reflected light 3, that is to say the indirectly emitted light of the inorganic light-emitting diodes 200, can be used for beam shaping and thus for setting the emission characteristic of the light-emitting device 1. Due to the side-coupled, separately switchable Inorganic light-emitting diodes 200 can thus change the emission characteristic of the light emitting from the light

Device 1 radiated light without switchable mirror or similar elements using the same

Area light source 10 may be possible.

Furthermore, it may also be possible for the organic light-emitting component 100 to be bidirectional

emitting, transparent OLED is formed. In this case, a two-sided radiation of each of the organic light emitting device 100 and the inorganic light emitting diodes 200 generated light is possible. Depending on the individual control of the organic light

emitting device 100 and the inorganic

Light emitting diodes 200, the color and / or color temperature of the light emitted to the reflector element 11 2 and the light emitted directly into the environment 4 light can be controlled. In Figure 6 is another embodiment of a

Light-emitting device 1 shown, the optically switchable compared to the previous embodiment

Having elements 110 which are arranged on the outer sides of the substrate and the cover of the transparent OLED 100 used in the embodiment shown. The transparent OLED 100 allows, as described above, in principle a two-sided radiation of the organic light emitting device 100 and the inorganic light emitting diodes 200 generated light. The optically switchable elements 110 are provided and adapted to be switchable between different operating states, so that the emission direction of the emitted light can be changed, as indicated by the arrows 2, 2 4 and 4 ^λ is shown. As a result, in a mode of operation, a direct essentially Lambertian emission of light 4 into the environment takes place, while in another operating mode

Operating state, for example, only an indirect radiation via the reflector element 11 takes place. In addition, it may also be possible that an indirect and a direct

Radiation of light can be combined. By changing the emission directions, only one at a time

Radiation direction or both directions of radiation

are possible simultaneously, the light-emitting

Device 1 of the embodiment of Figure 6 have a switchable beam shape, so that, for example, a change between a basic lighting and spot lighting may be possible. Furthermore, it may also be possible that an optically switchable element on the

Reflector element 11 is applied or that the

Reflector element 11 as a functional layer has an optically switchable element, so that the

Reflector element 11 with respect to his

Reflector properties can be switchable.

The optically switchable elements 110 may be, for example, an electronic ink, a switchable

Polarization filter, a circuit diagram color filter and / or a switchable mirror, for example, a means of hydrogen switchable metal mirror have.

Alternatively to the embodiment shown, the

Area light source 10, for example, have only one optically switchable element 110, for example, to the direct radiation of light 4 in the environment on and off. FIG. 7 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a light-emitting device 1 in which

Compared to the previous embodiments the

inorganic light emitting diodes 200 on the cover of the

organic light emitting device 100 are arranged. The organic light emitting device 100 may be formed, for example, as a bottom emitter, so that the light emitted to the reflector element 11 light 2 is generated by the inorganic light-emitting diodes 200, while the light emitted directly into the environment 4 generates light through the organic light-emitting device 100 becomes. Accordingly, the organic light emitting

Component 100 and the inorganic light emitting diodes 200 radiate light in opposite directions. Alternatively, it may also be possible to use a transparent OLED as an organic light-emitting component 100, so that the light 2 emitted onto the reflector element 11 can also contain light of the organic light-emitting component 100.

In the case described in connection with the figures

Embodiments, it is possible by the

Reflector element 11 to set the emission characteristics of the light-emitting devices 10 shown targeted. Through the combined use of organic light emitting devices 100 and inorganic light emitting diodes 200 in the area light sources 10, the intensity and / or color and color temperature of the on the

Reflector element 11 and / or in the environment, respectively

radiated light can be adjusted and changed. Depending on the emission direction of the organic light-emitting components 100 and the inorganic

Light emitting diodes 200 can simultaneously also the Abstrahlcharakteristik the light-emitting devices 10 can be influenced.

The ones shown in connection with the figures

Embodiments may according to further

Embodiments are also combined with each other, even if such combinations are not explicitly described in connection with the figures. Furthermore, the embodiments shown in the figures may additionally or alternatively have features according to the general description.

The invention is not limited by the description based on the embodiments of these. Rather, the invention includes every new feature as well as any combination of

Features, which includes in particular any combination of features in the claims, even if this feature or this combination itself is not explicitly in the

Claims or embodiments is given.

Claims

claims

1. A light-emitting device comprising

- A surface light source (10), the at least one organic light emitting device (100) having a

organic functional layer stack (103) having at least one organic light emitting layer between two electrodes (102, 104), at least one of which is transparent, and at least one inorganic light emitting diode (200) on the organic light

having emitting component (100), and

at least one beam-forming reflector element (11) separated from the surface light source (10),

wherein the surface light source (10) radiates in an operating state of light (2) at least on the reflector element (11) which from the reflector element (11) in a

Surrounding the light-emitting device is emitted.

2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the

Surface light source (10) in an operating state light (4) in a reflector element (11) opposite direction radiates.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the

Area light source (10) in operation light (4) radiates directly into the environment.

4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface light source (10) an operating state in which light (2) is radiated at least on the reflector element (11), and a further operating state, in the light (4) at least in one of the reflector element (11) is radiated opposite direction.

Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface light source (10) has an operating state in which light (2, 4) is emitted simultaneously to the reflector element (11) and in a direction opposite to the reflector element (11).

Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the organic light emitting device (100) and the at least one inorganic light emitting diode (200) emit light (2, 4) in opposite directions.

Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the organic light emitting device (100) comprises a photoconductive substrate (101) on which the electrodes (102, 104) and the organic functional layer stack (103) are arranged, and wherein the at least one inorganic Light emitting diode (200) is mounted on the substrate and in an operating state emits light into the substrate (101).

Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein both electrodes (102, 104) are transparent and the organic light-emitting component (100) is designed as a transparent light-emitting component.

Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface light source (10) has at least one optical switchable element (110) with which between different operating states for changing a Abstrahlrichtung the emitted light (2, 2 ', 4, 4') can be changed.

10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one optical switchable element (110) an electronic ink, a switchable

Polarization filter, a switchable color filter and / or a switchable mirror.

11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reflector element (11) has a structured

Reflector surface (114) for beam shaping has.

12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reflector element (11) has a plurality of functional

Layers (111, 112, 113).

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the functional layers are formed as a Bragg mirror.

14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the reflector element (11) has micromirror (115).

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the micromirrors

(115) are adjustable.

16. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the organic light-emitting component (100) has a Lambert 'see emission characteristic.