WO2016110207A1 - 一种自浮式海底热流长期观测基站 - Google Patents

一种自浮式海底热流长期观测基站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016110207A1
WO2016110207A1 PCT/CN2015/099544 CN2015099544W WO2016110207A1 WO 2016110207 A1 WO2016110207 A1 WO 2016110207A1 CN 2015099544 W CN2015099544 W CN 2015099544W WO 2016110207 A1 WO2016110207 A1 WO 2016110207A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
heat flow
cable
probe
frame
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2015/099544
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨小秋
孙兆华
曾信
施小斌
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South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of CAS
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South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of CAS
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Application filed by South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of CAS filed Critical South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of CAS
Priority to US15/318,493 priority Critical patent/US10145982B2/en
Publication of WO2016110207A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016110207A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
    • G01V9/005—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00 by thermal methods, e.g. after generation of heat by chemical reactions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a seabed detecting device, in particular to a long-term observation base station of a self-floating submarine heat flow.
  • the geothermal heat flow is a direct display of the internal thermal process of the Earth on the seabed. It is not only a key parameter for understanding the rate of heat loss in the Earth, but also the basic data for conducting geodynamic research and reconstructing sedimentary basin evolution and potential evaluation of oil and gas and hydrate resources. Therefore, research and development equipment to carry out seafloor heat flow measurement has national strategic significance.
  • Submarine heat flow can be measured by borehole temperature measurement and subsea heat flow probes. Due to the limited distribution of oil drilling and ocean drilling boreholes, the submarine heat flow probes are easy to ship, the operation is relatively flexible, the cost is low, and the fine measurement can be performed according to actual scientific problems and sea areas of interest. Therefore, the submarine heat flow probe is An important means of obtaining data on ocean heat flow.
  • the above two existing probes can be used to obtain seafloor geothermal parameters in a sea area where the bottom water temperature is long-term stable or fluctuating, and are very common and important detecting devices.
  • the bottom water temperature tends to have large cyclical fluctuations, which causes the surface sediment temperature of the seabed to be periodically affected, so that the geothermal gradient measured at different times of the same station changes significantly, which cannot truly reflect the station's position.
  • the thermal state therefore, the use of conventional subsea heat flow probes (Ewing type and Lister type probes) is difficult to obtain reliable submarine heat flow in sea areas where the bottom water temperature fluctuates greatly. Therefore, it is necessary to design a well-structured long-term observation base station for submarine heat flow to obtain more accurate and reliable submarine heat flow data in sea areas where the bottom water temperature fluctuates greatly to meet the strategic needs of the country for basic research and resource survey. .
  • a self-floating submarine heat flow long-term observation base station with reasonable structure, stable operation, and self-floating recovery of the recovery unit is provided, so as to be able to be used for long-term submarine heat flow detection.
  • a self-floating submarine heat flow long-term observation base station includes a recovery unit 1, a disposal unit 2 and a cable breaking mechanism 3; wherein the recovery unit 1 is provided with a recovery bracket, and the recovery bracket is provided with two small tonnage acoustic release 13, the bottom of the acoustic release 13 is provided with a closable hook 131, the recovery bracket also carries a float ball 14; the disposal unit 2 is provided with a discarding bracket, and the heat flow probe 24 is fixedly connected under the discarding bracket; the recycling unit 1 and the discarding unit 2 pass The wire ropes 4 connected to the closable hooks 131 at the bottom of the acoustic release 13 are fixed together; the cable breaking mechanism 3 is fixed to the bottom of the recovery bracket of the recovery unit 1 and connected to the wire rope 4 via the movable hook, and the cable 0 is started from the disposal unit 2 Entering the cable breaking mechanism 3, and then connecting the floating ball 14 of the recovery unit 1 after passing through the cable breaking mechanism 3; starting the cable breaking mechanism 3
  • the recovery bracket includes a longitudinal center frame 11 and a horizontal frame 12 disposed in two layers horizontally around the center frame 11;
  • the longitudinal quadrangular prism frame 111 and a vertical vertical plate 112 extending upward from the inner 1/2 height of the square prism frame; the vertical vertical plate 112 and the square prism frame 111 are fixedly connected;
  • the four prismatic frame 111 is internally provided with two acoustic releasers 13 respectively suspended from the two sides of the vertical vertical plate 112.
  • the bottom of the acoustic release 13 is provided with a closable hook 131, which is provided by the acoustic release device 13.
  • the internal stepping motor drives the opening and closing thereof;
  • the center frame 11 is provided with at least six floating balls 14 supported by the two horizontal shelves 12;
  • the abandonment bracket includes a support frame 21 having a square top surface, a connecting frame 22 on a top surface of the support frame 21, and a lower surface of the top surface of the support frame 21.
  • a heat flow probe fixing device 23 and a heat flow probe 24 fixed to the support frame 21 by a heat flow probe fixing device 23;
  • the connection frame 22 is fixedly connected with the support frame 21, and the support is The frame 21 is fixedly connected with the heat flow probe fixing device 23;
  • the connecting frame 22 is internally provided with two symmetric parallel distributed wire rope tensioning members 25;
  • the top surface of the connecting frame 22 of the disposal unit 2 is in contact with the bottom surface of the quadrangular prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1;
  • the wire rope 4 passes through two wire rope tensioning members 25 inside the connecting frame 22, and the two ends respectively rise up across the outer edge of the contact structure of the connecting frame 22 and the square prism frame 111, and finally form an annular shape and the acoustic release.
  • the closable hooks 131 at the bottom of the device 13 are hooked.
  • the position of the four corners of the top surface of the connecting frame 22 of the disposal unit 2 is provided with a positioning hole 221; the bottom surface of the quadrangular prism frame 111 of the recycling unit 1 is four The position of the corners is provided with a positioning protrusion 1111; the positioning hole 221 is in contact with the positioning protrusion 1111.
  • the cable breaking mechanism 3 is further preferably any one of the following two specific structures:
  • the cable breaking mechanism 3 is located in a space formed by the connection frame 22 of the disposal unit 2 and the quadrangular prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1, and includes:
  • a cable clamp 32A having a first recess 321A for mating with the blade 312A and a second recess 322A for embedding the cable, the first recess 321A and the second recess
  • the slots 322A are perpendicular to each other and form a cross-shaped structure, the depth of the first recess 321A is greater than the depth of the second recess 322A; the second recess 322A extends through the two ends of the cable clamp 32A;
  • a blade cartridge 31A having a top portion extending into the first recess 321A and fixedly connected to the cable pressing plate 32A, and a longitudinally extending surface on a side surface of the blade cartridge 31A parallel to the first recess 321A a through hole 311A, a blade 312A is disposed in the blade box 31A, a blade edge of the blade 312A faces the first groove 321A upward, and a convex return device 3121A is disposed on one side of the blade.
  • the position device 3121A protrudes toward the outside of the blade cartridge 31A through the through hole 311A, and can slide up and down in the through hole 311A.
  • the lower portion of the two sides of the blade 312A is provided with a recessed card slot;
  • the upper open bracket 314A and the compression spring 313A, one end of the compression spring 313A is fixedly connected to the bracket 314A through the opening, and the other end thereof is fixedly coupled to the blade 312A, and the compression spring 313A is fully released enough to allow the blade 312A to reach.
  • the cable is cut in the first recess 321A; an ejection control unit is disposed below and at the periphery of the bracket 314A;
  • the ejection control unit includes a pair of rotating rods 315A, a pair of supporting plates 316A, and a torsion spring 317A.
  • the pair of rotating rods surround the bracket and the inner compression spring 313A thereof, and each of the rotating rods 315A is composed of
  • the top portion can be embedded in the recessed card slot, and the inverted L-shaped labor-saving lever is fixedly connected to the block 3151A.
  • the inverted L-shaped labor-saving lever is fixed to the blade box through a fixing rod at the break point position.
  • the hook 33A is connected to the middle of the torsion spring 317A by a wire rope.
  • the cable breaking mechanism 3 is located in a space formed by the connection frame 22 of the disposal unit 2 and the quadrangular prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1, and includes:
  • a cable clamp 32B having a first recess 321B for mating with the blade 312B and a second recess 322B for embedding the cable, the first recess 321B and the second recess
  • the grooves 322B are perpendicular to each other and constitute a cross-shaped structure, and the depth of the first groove 321B is greater than the depth of the second groove 322B;
  • the blade cartridge 31B has a longitudinal direction of the top of the blade cartridge 31B parallel to the first recess 321B and is fixedly coupled to the cable clamp 32B, and a longitudinal direction is formed on one side of the blade cartridge 31B parallel to the first recess 321B.
  • An extended through hole 311B, a blade 312B is disposed in the blade box 31B, a blade edge of the blade 312B faces the first groove 321B upward, and a convex return device 3121B is disposed on one side of the blade 312B.
  • the returning device 3121B protrudes toward the outside of the blade cartridge 31B through the through hole 311B, and can slide up and down in the through hole 311B.
  • the middle portion of the other side of the blade 312B is provided with a blade card slot 3122B; the blade 312B The lower edge is fixedly connected to one end of the compression spring 313B, and the other end of the compression spring 313B is fixed to the inner bottom surface of the blade case 31B, and the compression spring 313B is fully released enough to cause the blade 312B to reach the first groove 321B to cut the cable;
  • the cable fixing block 35B is fixed to a lower portion of the blade case 31B provided with a through hole 311B;
  • An ejection control box 34B is in communication with the blade cassette 31B and located on a side away from the cable mechanism fixing block 35B; a trigger piece 341B and a blade latch 342B are fixed on an upper portion of the ejection control box 34B; a trigger piece
  • the 341B is an L-shaped curved plate as a whole, and is fixed on the inner side surface of the ejection control box 34B through the trigger piece rotating shaft 3412B at the near inflection point, and is rotated integrally with the trigger piece rotating shaft 3412B as an axis, and the far axis end is horizontally placed, the paraxial axis
  • the blade latch 342B is a curved plate having an inverted Z shape as a whole, and is fixed to the inner side surface of the ejection control box 34B by a blade latching rotation shaft 3422B at a certain inflection point, and the blade locking rotation shaft 3422B can be used as an axis.
  • the distal end of the shaft can be engaged with the proximal end of the trigger piece 341B, and the proximal end of the blade 341B can be embedded in the blade slot 3122B of the blade 312B; the trigger piece 341B and the blade latch
  • the distal end of the 342B is connected to the top plate of the ejection control box 34B through the trigger piece fixing spring 3411B and the blade locking fixing spring 3421B, respectively;
  • the hook 33B is disposed on the lower side of the ejection control box 34B, wherein the upper portion of the hook 33B passes through the bottom surface of the ejection control box 34B and is located in the ejection control box 34B, and is fitted with a hook extension spring 331B, which is telescopic
  • the upper end of the spring 331B is fixedly connected to the top of the hook 33B, the lower end is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the ejection control box 34B, and the top end of the hook 33B is provided with an impact column 332B facing the distal end of the trigger piece 341B.
  • the preferred heat flow long-term observation base station, the compression spring, the torsion spring and the like are all made of titanium alloy material.
  • the preferred heat flow probe fixing device 23 is a cylinder having a length equal to the height of the support frame 21, and the lower end thereof is fixedly connected with the seafloor heat flow probe 24;
  • the fixing device has a cable joint pressure tube 26 therein, and the starting end starts from the sea bottom heat flow probe 24, and the tube body penetrates the inside of the heat flow probe fixing device 23 in the axial direction, and passes through the circular hole of the top surface of the support frame 21 into the connection frame.
  • the terminal is located beside the cable breaking mechanism 3.
  • the cable connector pressure tube 26 is provided with a plug bolt 27 that is large and small, and the cable enters the cable joint pressure tube 26 through the plug bolt 27, and finally is connected to the seafloor heat flow probe 24. .
  • the subsea heat flow probe 24 is mainly composed of a probe long rod 2401 and a probe cartridge body 2402;
  • the probe long rod 2401 is a hollow structure cylinder, one end of which is opposite to the The probe cartridge body 2402 is screwed, and the other end thereof is closed by a detachable conical probe head 2403;
  • the probe cartridge body 2402 is internally provided with a temperature measuring circuit board 2404, and the outside is provided with a cable joint outlet 2405 and heat conduction.
  • the oil filling port 2406; the heat flow probe is internally provided with at least four temperature sensors 2407, and the temperature probes 2408 at one end thereof are equally spaced in the axial direction of the probe long rod 2401 (every two temperatures)
  • the other end of the probe 2408 is 30 cm apart) and the other end of the probe is fixed in the probe housing 2402 and connected to the temperature measuring circuit board 2404 through a wire;
  • each of the two temperatures is Two heat convection shielding sheets 2409 (each of which is 10 cm apart between the two heat convection shielding sheets 2409) perpendicular to the long rod axis are disposed between the probes 2408, and the heat convection shielding sheet 2409 is formed of a polypropylene fiber in a radial form.
  • a fixing rod 2411 is further disposed inside the heat flow probe, and the fixing rod 2411 is an elongated rod with a hollow bolt at one end, and the boltless portion is inside the probe long rod 2401, and runs through the whole
  • the probe long rod 2401 is screwed to the probe head 2403, and the bolt head at the other end is provided with more than three through holes 2412 at a position where the elongated rod is connected with the bolt head; the hollow bolt and the The probe long rod and the probe cartridge body are connected by a threaded connection; the heat convection shielding sheet and the temperature sensor temperature probe are fixed on the elongated rod of the fixing rod, and the other end of the temperature sensor passes through the The through hole enters the probe housing.
  • the threaded joints, the cable joint outlets shown, the heat transfer oil filler ports, and the various interfaces between the interior of the probe stem and the interior of the probe cartridge body are watertight, for example, a rubber seal can be used. Circle, super glue, etc. for watertight treatment.
  • various sensors may be installed on the recovery bracket of the recovery unit 1, including a bottom water temperature sensor, a deep sea pressure sensor and/or an attitude sensor;
  • the floating ball 14 of 1 is a sealed glass ball, wherein one floating ball is a data collecting bin, the system of the data collecting system is placed therein, and the other one is placed with a battery compartment; the data collecting bin body is reserved with eight watertight cables. Connector for external sensors to access the data acquisition bin.
  • the battery compartment reserves four interfaces for external use.
  • the electronic, software, power supply and other functional modules of the acoustic release device are completely independent of the self-floating submarine heat flow for long-term observation of the base station, and are only controlled by shipboard data acquisition.
  • System control; a recycling flag and a radio beacon may be installed above the recycling unit of the recycling unit.
  • the recycling unit floats on the surface of the sea, the beacon on the recovery bracket is exposed to the surface of the sea to start work, and a signal is sent, and the examiner can salvage the recovery unit by receiving a signal.
  • the recycling unit has a red recycling flag as a mark, which is also easy to find when floating on the sea surface.
  • the long-term observation of the self-floating subsea heat flow of the present invention requires the sensor device to be installed to a corresponding position before the base station is used, for example, a bottom water temperature sensor, a deep sea pressure sensor, and/or an attitude sensor are installed in the recovery unit.
  • Retrieving the support mounting the subsea heat flow probe under the support frame of the disposal unit; connecting the data acquisition system of the recovery unit to each sensor and the heat flow probe by a cable, wherein the cable from the subsea heat flow probe 24
  • the cable clamp plate of the cable breaking mechanism 3 is fixed by the cable clamp, and then connected to the watertight cable joint of the float ball 14 of the recovery unit 1 upward.
  • the observation base station receives the decoupling command issued by the shipboard data acquisition control system, and the wire rope of the fixed recovery unit and the disposal unit changes from the tension state to the slack state, and the activity hook hooked on the wire rope is relaxed.
  • the cable breaking mechanism is used to break the cable, and the self-floating submarine heat flow is disconnected between the recovery unit and the disposal unit of the base station for a long time; the final recovery unit floats to the surface by buoyancy, is discovered and recovered by the scientific research personnel, and the discarded unit remains in the seabed.
  • the separation of the recovery unit 1 and the disposal unit 2 first activates the cable breaking mechanism 3, and if the cutting is successful, the recovery unit 1 is normally floated; if the cutting is unsuccessful or partially broken, the preferred solution of the present invention
  • a plug bolt 27 is disposed at the end of the cable joint pressure tube 26, and the force receiving position of the cable in the cable joint pressure tube 26 is concentrated on the plug bolt 27, and the recovery unit 1 and the disposal unit are in the process of floating the recovery unit 1 2 Separation, and then the cable joint pressure tube 26 floats with the recovery unit, and the pressing force disappears. At this time, the cable can be pulled out by buoyancy to ensure the normal floating of the system.
  • the self-floating submarine heat flow long-term observation base station provided by the invention can be equipped with a plurality of sensing detection devices, and can perform multi-parameter comprehensive observation on the seabed heat flow. More importantly, the observation base station of the present invention has a cable breaking and unplugging mechanism, and can cut and/or unplug the cable by itself when receiving the signal of the shipboard system, thereby realizing the smooth separation of the recovery unit and the disposal unit.
  • the recycling unit can be floated up to the sea surface and recycled. Therefore, the self-floating submarine heat flow long-term observation base station of the present invention is suitable for long-term submarine heat flow observation.
  • the self-floating submarine heat flow long-term observation base station of the present invention is equipped with a new structure of a submarine heat flow probe having a unique sensor distribution design capable of simultaneously measuring the temperature of deposits at different depths, and A heat convection shield is placed inside the probe to minimize heat convection between the heat transfer oils on both sides, achieving very high measurement accuracy. Therefore, the long-term observation of the self-floating submarine heat flow of the present invention can significantly improve the accuracy temperature of the heat flow data measurement.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a subsea heat flow probe of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the probe long rod in the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a probe fixing rod in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an assembled view of the fixing rod and the probe of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing the overall structure of a cable breaking mechanism A in the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing another side structure of the cable breaking mechanism A in the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing the overall structure of a cable breaking mechanism B in the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a view showing the other side structure of the cable breaking mechanism B in the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the self-floating seabed heat flow long-term observation base station A in the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a recovery unit frame of the base station A for long-term observation of the self-floating seabed heat flow in the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a self-floating submarine heat flow long-term observation base station abandonment unit in the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship of the base station recovery unit, the disposal unit, and the cable breaking mechanism for the long-term observation of the self-floating subsea heat flow in the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a bottom plan view of the portion A of Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a plan view of a portion B in Figure 12;
  • the seabed heat flow probe 24 in the base station is long-term observation of the self-floating seabed heat flow of the present invention.
  • it is mainly composed of a probe long rod 2401 and a probe cartridge body 2402; the probe long rod 2401 is hollow. a cylindrical structure of the structure, one end of which is screwed to the probe cartridge body 2402, and the other end of which is closed by a detachable conical probe head 2403; as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the probe cartridge body 2402
  • the heat flow probe is internally provided with at least four temperature sensors 2407, and the temperature of one end thereof
  • the probes 2408 are equally spaced in the axial direction of the probe long rod 2401 (30 cm between each two temperature probes 2408), and the other end is fixed in the probe cartridge body 2402 and passed through the wire and the test.
  • the temperature circuit board 2404 is connected (see FIGS. 1, 3 and 4); as shown in FIG. 2, in the probe long rod 2401, two perpendicular to the long rod are disposed between each of the two temperature probes 2408.
  • the flow shielding sheet 2409 is a wafer type brush in which the polypropylene fiber is formed in a radial form; the cable from the temperature measuring circuit board 2404 is connected to the external main control system through the cable joint outlet 2405; the heat conducting oil filling port 2406 is routed through the oil conduit 2410 to the interior of the probe stem 2401.
  • a fixing rod 2411 is further disposed inside the heat flow probe, and the fixing rod 2411 is an elongated rod with a hollow bolt at one end, and the boltless portion is in the probe.
  • the inside of the long rod 2401 extends through the entire probe long rod 2401 and is screwed to the probe head 2403 (see FIG. 2), and the bolt head at the other end is opened around the position where the elongated rod is connected to the bolt head.
  • the hollow bolt is threadedly connected to the probe rod and the probe cartridge body (see Figures 3 and 4); the thermal convection shield and the temperature sensor temperature probe are both It is fixed to the elongated rod of the fixing rod, and the other end of the temperature sensor passes through the through hole into the probe housing (see Figs. 3 and 4).
  • the threaded joints, the cable joint outlets shown, the heat transfer oil filler ports, and the various interfaces between the interior of the probe stem and the interior of the probe cartridge body are watertight, for example, a rubber seal can be used. Circle, super glue, etc. for watertight treatment.
  • the cable breaking mechanism is mainly composed of a blade case 31A, a cable pressing plate 32A, and a movable hook 33A;
  • the cable pressing plate 32A is a rectangular parallelepiped having a thickness twice or more the diameter of the cable, in the The lower surface of the rectangular parallelepiped has mutually perpendicular cross-shaped grooves, wherein the depth of the deeper groove 321A is 1.2-1.5 times the depth of the shallower groove 322A, and the shallower groove 322A is wide enough to embed the cable;
  • the top of the blade case 31A protrudes into the deep groove 321A and is fixedly connected with the cable pressing plate 32A, and the through hole is opened to maintain the penetration of the shallow groove 322A, and a certain side of the side parallel to the direction of the deep groove 321A is exposed.
  • the upper 2/3 section is provided with a longitudinally extending through hole 311A; the blade case 31A is internally provided with a blade 312A, and the blade 312A has a blade facing upwardly facing the deeper groove 321A, and a blade 312A is provided on one side thereof.
  • a convex cylindrical or prismatic returning device 3121A the returning device 3121A protrudes outside the blade case 31A through the through hole 311A, and can slide up and down in the through hole 311A; the lower edge of the blade 312A is fixedly connected and strongly compressed.
  • the strong compression spring 313A is fixed on the semi-open bracket 314A in the lower middle part of the blade box 31A, and the ejection control unit is arranged below and around the semi-opening bracket 314A, and the movable hook 33A is connected under the ejection control unit;
  • the ejection control unit includes a pair of rotating rods 315A, a pair of supporting plates 316A and a set of strong torsion springs 317A; a pair of rotating rods 315A are formed to surround the semi-opening brackets 314A and the inner strong compression springs 313A thereof, each of which
  • the rotating rod 315A is composed of a clamping block 3151A and an inverted L-shaped labor-saving lever which can be embedded in the lower slot of the blade 312A at the top end, and the inverted L-shaped labor-saving lever is fixed to the inner side of the blade cartridge 31A at the folding point position and can be fixed at a fixed point.
  • a pair of support plates 316A are respectively fixed on the two end torsion arms of the strong torsion spring 317A, and at the respective distal ends and the bottom of the rotating rod 315A The portion forms a rotational connection; the central portion of the strong torsion spring 317A is connected to the movable hook 33A by a wire rope.
  • the components such as the blade, the strong compression spring, and the strong torsion spring are all made of a titanium alloy material.
  • the cable breaking mechanism is mainly composed of a blade cartridge 31B, a cable pressing plate 32B, an ejection control box 34B, and a movable hook 33B; the cable pressing plate 32B is placed at a level twice the diameter of the cable.
  • the rectangular parallelepiped has a cross-shaped groove perpendicular to each other on the lower surface of the rectangular parallelepiped, wherein the depth of the deeper groove 321B is 1.2-1.5 times the depth of the shallower groove 322B, and the shallower groove 322B is wide enough to make the cable Embedding; the top of the blade cartridge 31B is parallel to the deeper groove 321B and fixedly connected to the cable pressing plate 32B, and the upper 2/3 segment of the blade cartridge 31B is exposed to the side parallel to the direction of the deeper groove 321B.
  • a longitudinally extending through hole 311B is provided; the blade case 31B is internally provided with a blade 312B, the blade 312B is facing upward to face the deep groove 321B, and the blade 312B is provided with a convex cylindrical or prism on one side.
  • the shape returning device 3121B protrudes outside the blade case 31B through the through hole 311B, and can slide up and down in the through hole 311B, and a concave type card slot 3122B is disposed in the middle of the other surface of the blade 312B;
  • the blade 312B Lower edge fixed connection strong compression bomb 313B, after the strong compression spring 313B is fully compressed, the upper edge of the blade 312B is at 1/6 of the inside of the blade case 31B, and the strong compression spring 313B is fully released enough to allow the blade 312B to reach the deep groove 321B;
  • the strong compression spring 313B The lower end is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the blade case 31B; the lower side of the one side of the through hole 311B of the blade case 31B is externally connected with a rectangular parallelepiped cable fixing block 35B, and the other side of the blade case 31B is connected with the external ejection control box 34B; the ejection control box In the 34B, the upper part is fixed with
  • the blade latch 342B is an overall near-inverse "Z" shaped curved plate, which is fixed on the inner side of the ejection control box 34B at a certain inflection point, and can be fixed at a fixed point.
  • the distal end of the shaft can be engaged with the proximal end of the trigger piece 341B, and the proximal end of the shaft can be embedded in the recessed card slot 3122B of the blade 312B; the distal end of the trigger piece 341B and the blade latch 342B Trigger piece
  • the fixing spring 3411B and the blade latch fixing spring 3421B are connected to the top plate of the ejection control box 34B; the movable control box 34B is below the movable hook 33B, the upper part of the movable hook 33B is in the ejection control box 34B, and the movable hook expansion spring 331B is set, and the movable hook
  • the upper end of the telescopic spring 331B is fixedly connected with the top of the movable hook, and the lower end is fixedly connected with the inner bottom surface of the ejection control box 34B.
  • the top end of the movable hook 33B is provided with an impact column 332B facing the distal end of the trigger piece 341
  • the blade, the strong compression spring, the trigger piece, the blade lock, the trigger piece fixing spring, the blade lock fixing spring, the movable hook, the movable hook telescopic spring, the impact column and the like are all made of titanium alloy material.
  • a self-floating submarine heat flow long-term observation base station A as shown in FIG. 9, which is generally constituted by a recovery unit 1, a disposal unit 2, and a cable breaking mechanism A described in Embodiment 2;
  • the recovery unit 1 is provided with a recovery bracket, the recovery bracket includes a longitudinal center frame 11, and a horizontal frame 12 disposed in two layers horizontally around the center frame 11;
  • the center frame 11 is composed of a longitudinal square prism frame 111 and a vertical vertical plate 112 extending upward from a 1/2 height of the inside of the square prism frame; between the vertical vertical plate 112 and the square prism frame 111
  • the four sides of the prismatic frame 111 are provided with two acoustic releasers 13 respectively suspended from the two sides of the vertical vertical plate 112.
  • the bottom of the acoustic release device 13 is provided with a closable hook structure 131.
  • the stepping motor inside the acoustic release device 13 drives the opening and closing thereof;
  • the center frame 11 is provided with at least 6 floating balls 14 supported by the two-layer horizontal frame 12;
  • the discarding unit 2 is provided with a discarding bracket, and the discarding bracket comprises a supporting frame 21 having a square top surface, a connecting frame 22 on the top surface of the supporting frame 21, and a supporting frame. a heat flow probe fixing device 23 below the top surface of the top surface, and a heat flow probe 24 described in Embodiment 1 fixed to the support frame 21 by a heat flow probe fixing device 23; the connecting frame 22 and the support The frame 21 is fixedly connected between the support frame 21 and the heat flow probe fixing device 23; the connecting frame 22 is internally provided with two symmetric parallel distributed wire rope tensioning members 25;
  • the recovery unit 1 and the disposal unit 2 are fixed together by a wire rope 4; the position of the four corners of the top surface of the connection frame 22 of the disposal unit 2 is provided with a positioning hole 221; The four corners of the bottom surface of the square prism frame 111 of the unit 1 are provided with positioning protrusions 1111; the positioning holes 221 are in contact with the positioning protrusions 1111.
  • the wire rope 4 passes through two wire rope tensioning members 25 inside the connecting frame 22, and the two ends respectively rise up across the outer edge of the contact structure of the connecting frame 22 and the square prism frame 111, and finally form an annular shape and the acoustic
  • the closable hooks 131 at the bottom of the release device 13 are hooked;
  • the cable breaking mechanism A described in Embodiment 2 is located in the connection unit of the disposal unit 2.
  • the space formed by the contact frame 21 and the quadrangular prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1 is fixed to the bottom of the square prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1.
  • the heat flow probe fixing device 23 is a cylinder having a length equal to the height of the support frame 21, and the lower end thereof is fixedly connected to the seafloor heat flow probe 24.
  • the heat flow probe fixing device 23 has a cable joint pressure tube 26 inside, starting from the sea bottom heat flow probe 24, and the tube body penetrates the inside of the heat flow probe fixing device 23 in the axial direction and passes through a circular hole on the top surface of the support frame 21.
  • the terminal In the space formed after the connection frame 22 and the quadrangular prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1 are in contact, the terminal is located beside the cable breaking mechanism 3.
  • the end of the cable joint pressure tube 26 is provided with a plug bolt 27 that is large and small.
  • the cable 0 is connected to the float ball 14 of the recovery unit 1 and enters the shallow groove 322A of the cable clamp 32A when passing through the cable breaking mechanism A, and then enters the cable joint pressure tube 26 through the plug bolt 27, which is finally described in the first embodiment.
  • the cable connector outlet 2405 of the subsea heat flow probe 24 is connected.
  • various sensors may be installed on the recovery bracket of the recovery unit 1, including a bottom water temperature sensor, a deep sea pressure sensor and/or an attitude sensor;
  • the floating ball 14 of 1 is a sealed glass ball, wherein one floating ball is a data collecting bin, a digital mining system is placed therein, and the other is a battery bin; the data collecting bin body is provided with eight watertight cable joints. For external sensors to access the data collection bin.
  • the battery compartment reserves four interfaces for external use.
  • the functional modules of the acoustic release device such as electronics, software, and power supply are completely independent of the long-term observation base station of the seabed heat flow, and are only controlled by the shipborne data acquisition control system;
  • a recycling flag and a radio beacon may also be installed above the recycling bracket of the recycling unit.
  • the recycling unit floats on the surface of the sea, the beacon on the recovery bracket is exposed to the surface of the sea to start work, and a signal is sent, and the examiner can salvage the recovery unit by receiving a signal.
  • the recycling unit has a red recycling flag as a mark, which is also easy to find when floating on the sea surface.
  • the self-floating subsea heat flow is long-term observation before the base station A is used, and the required sensing device is first installed to a corresponding position, for example, a bottom water temperature sensor, a deep sea pressure sensor, and/or an attitude sensor are installed in the recovery unit.
  • the thin steel wire rope keeps the movable hook 33A in a tensioned state, so that the torsion spring 317A is in a tension state, and the pair of support plates 316A horizontally support the end of the rotating rod 315A so that the top end block 3151A is embedded in the lower side of the blade 312A.
  • a strong compression spring and a blade that are ready to be caught are caught in the card slot;
  • the long-term observation base station of the self-floating submarine heat flow installed above is transported to the designated sea area by shipboard, and is stably inserted into the seabed sediment for data acquisition and observation experiments.
  • the observation base station will receive the decoupling command issued by the shipboard data acquisition control system, and the wire rope of the fixed recovery unit and the disposal unit will change from the tension state to the slack state, and the activity hook 33A hooked on the wire rope is Relaxing, in the upper blade box 31A, the distal end of the side support plates 316A is relatively closed by the strong torsion spring 317A, thereby driving the rotating rod 315A connected thereto to rotate integrally with the fixed point thereof. The pair of latches 3151A at the top end of the rotating rod 315A are disengaged from the slot position at the lower side of the blade 312A.
  • the strong compression spring 313A rebounds, and the upper blade 312A is ejected into the deep groove 321A of the cable clamp 32A, which is shallower.
  • the compressed cable in the slot 322A is broken, and the submarine heat flow is disconnected between the recovery unit and the disposal unit of the base station for a long time; the final recovery unit floats to the surface by buoyancy, is discovered and recovered by the scientific research personnel, and the discarded unit remains on the seabed. .
  • the separation of the recovery unit 1 and the disposal unit 2 first activates the above-mentioned cable breaking mechanism. If the cutting is successful, the recovery unit 1 is normally floated; if the cutting is unsuccessful or partially broken, the preferred solution of the present invention is The plug-type bolt 27 is disposed at the end of the cable joint pressure pipe 26, and the force-receiving position of the cable in the cable joint pressure pipe 26 is concentrated on the plug-type bolt 27, and the recovery unit 1 and the disposal unit 2 are in the process of floating the recovery unit 1 Separation, and then the cable joint pressure tube 26 floats with the recovery unit, and the pressing force disappears. At this time, the cable can be pulled out by buoyancy to ensure the normal floating of the system.
  • a self-floating subsea heat flow long-term observation base station B which is generally composed of a recovery unit 1, a disposal unit 2, and a cable breaking mechanism B described in Embodiment 3, and a self-floating seabed heat flow described in the fourth part.
  • the distinguishing feature is only that the cable breaking mechanism used is different, and the cable ⁇
  • the breaking mechanism B is fixed to the bottom of the square prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1 by the cable fixing block 35B; the overall structure of the base station B for long-term observation of the self-floating seabed heat flow can be referred to FIG. 8-11.
  • the cable 0 is connected to the floating ball 14 of the recovery unit 1 and enters the shallow groove 322B of the cable clamp 32B when passing through the cable breaking mechanism B, and then enters through the plug bolt 27
  • the cable splice tube 26 is ultimately connected to the cable splice outlet 2405 of the subsea heat flow probe 24 of the first embodiment.
  • various sensors may be installed on the recovery bracket of the recovery unit 1, including a bottom water temperature sensor, a deep sea pressure sensor and/or an attitude sensor;
  • the floating ball 14 of 1 is a sealed glass ball, wherein one floating ball is a data collecting bin, a digital mining system is placed therein, and the other is a battery bin; the data collecting bin body is provided with eight watertight cable joints. For external sensors to access the data collection bin.
  • the battery compartment reserves four interfaces for external use.
  • the electronic, software, power supply and other functional modules of the acoustic release device are completely independent of the self-floating submarine heat flow for long-term observation of the base station, and are only controlled by shipboard data acquisition.
  • System control; a recycling flag and a radio beacon may be installed above the recycling unit of the recycling unit.
  • the recycling unit floats on the surface of the sea, the beacon on the recovery bracket is exposed to the surface of the sea to start work, and a signal is sent, and the examiner can salvage the recovery unit by receiving a signal.
  • the recycling unit has a red recycling flag as a mark, which is also easy to find when floating on the sea surface.
  • the self-floating submarine heat flow is long-term observation of the base station B, and the required sensing device is installed to a corresponding position, for example, a bottom water temperature sensor, a deep sea pressure sensor, and/or an attitude sensor are installed in the recovery unit.
  • Retrieving the support mounting the subsea heat flow probe under the support frame of the disposal unit; connecting the data acquisition system of the recovery unit to each sensor and the heat flow probe by a cable, wherein the cable from the subsea heat flow probe 24
  • the shallow groove 322B of the cable clamp 32B of the cable breaking mechanism B is fixedly tightened by the cable pressing plate 32B, and then the watertight cable connector of the floating ball 14 of the recovery unit 1 is lifted up.
  • connection device 3121B on the side of the blade 312B is pulled down to compress the compression spring 313B in the blade case 31B, and the recovery unit and the disposal unit of the base station for long-term observation of the self-floating seabed heat flow are fixed by the tensioned wire rope.
  • the movable hook 33B is hooked on the tensioned wire rope, so that the movable hook 33B is kept in a tightened state, and the hook telescopic spring 331B in the ejection control box 34B is charged.
  • the observation base station receives the decoupling command issued by the shipborne data acquisition control system, and the wire rope of the fixed recovery unit and the disposal unit changes from the tension state to the slack state, and the activity hook 33B hooked on the wire rope is relaxed.
  • the movable hook 33B quickly pops up, hits the distal end of the trigger piece 341B with the impact column 332B at the top thereof, and the trigger piece rotates integrally with the trigger piece rotating shaft 3412B, using the principle of leverage Rotating the proximal end of the trigger piece 341B downwardly drives the distal end of the blade latch 342B to rotate downward, and also uses the lever principle to rotate the proximal end of the blade latch 342B away from the recessed card slot 3122B of the blade 312B.
  • the compression spring 313B rebounds, causing the upper blade 312B to eject into the deep groove 321B of the cable clamp 32B, and the compressed cable in the shallow groove 322B is broken, and the recovery unit of the base station is observed for a long time from the floating seabed heat flow.
  • the abandonment unit is disconnected; the final recovery unit uses buoyancy to float to the surface of the sea, which is discovered and recovered by the examiner, and the unit is discarded. Seabed.
  • the separation of the recovery unit 1 and the disposal unit 2 first activates the cable breaking mechanism 3, and if the cutting is successful, the recovery unit 1 is normally floated; if the cutting is unsuccessful or partially broken, the preferred solution of the present invention
  • a plug bolt 27 is disposed at the end of the cable joint pressure tube 26, and the force receiving position of the cable in the cable joint pressure tube 26 is concentrated on the plug bolt 27, and the recovery unit 1 and the disposal unit are in the process of floating the recovery unit 1 2 Separation, and then the cable joint pressure tube 26 floats with the recovery unit, and the pressing force disappears. At this time, the cable can be pulled out by buoyancy to ensure the normal floating of the system.

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Abstract

一种自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，其包括回收单元（1）、抛弃单元（2）和电缆斩断机构（3）；回收单元(1)设有回收支架，回收支架内部盛放有2个声学释放器(13)，声学释放器(13)底部设有可闭合挂钩(131)，回收支架还载有浮球(14)；抛弃单元(2)设有抛弃支架，抛弃支架下方固定连接热流探针(24)；回收单元(1)和抛弃单元(2)通过两端连接声学释放器(13)底部的可闭合挂钩(131)的钢丝绳(4)固定在一起；电缆斩断机构(3)固定于回收单元(1)的回收支架底部并通过活动挂钩连接钢丝绳(4)，电缆(0)从抛弃单元(2)出发后进入电缆斩断机构(3)，再从电缆斩断机构(3)穿出后连接回收单元(1)的浮球(14)；通过钢丝绳(4)从张紧到松弛的变化启动电缆斩断机构(3)斩断电缆(0)。该基站能够自行斩断和/或拔开电缆，实现回收单元与抛弃单元的顺利分离，适用于长期的海底热流观测。

Description

一种自浮式海底热流长期观测基站 技术领域
本发明涉及一种海底探测设备，具体涉及一种自浮式海底热流长期观测基站。
背景技术
大地热流是地球内部热过程在海底的直接显示，不仅是了解地球热散失速率的关键参数，而且是开展地球动力学研究与重建沉积盆地演化、油气与水合物资源潜力评价的基础数据。因此研发设备开展海底热流测量具有国家战略意义。
海底热流可以通过钻孔测温和海底热流探针进行测量。由于石油钻孔和大洋钻探钻孔分布区域有限，而海底热流探针便于船载，作业相对灵活，费用较低，且可根据实际科学问题和感兴趣海域进行精细测量，因此海底热流探针是获取海洋热流数据的重要手段。在20世纪50年代，研究学者利用设计的地热探针在北大西洋海域成功地进行了热流探测，开辟了海底热流调查的时代。随着热工测量理论的完善及其技术方法的进步，以及计算机技术和大规模集成电路技术与存储技术的进步和普及应用，经过近半个多世纪的发展，海底热流探针探测技术也得到迅速发展。当今国际上较成熟且被广泛使用的海底热流探针可分为Ewing型和Lister型两类。
上述两种现有的探针可用于获取底水温度长期稳定或波动较小海域的海底地热参数，而且是非常常用且重要的探测设备。但有些海域，其底水温度往往出现较大的周期性波动，导致海底表层沉积物温度也受到周期性影响，使得同一站位不同时间测量的地温梯度出现明显变化，无法真正反映该站位的热状态，因此利用常规的海底热流探针(Ewing型和Lister型探针)在底水温度波动较大的海域很难获取可靠的海底热流。因此，有必要设计一种结构合理的海底热流长期观测基站，以便在底水温度波动较大的海域获取更准确、更可靠的海底热流数据，以满足国家有关开展基础研究和资源调查的战略需求。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，提供一种结构合理、运行稳定，并且能够实现回收单元自浮回收的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，以期能够用于长时间的海底热流探测。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，其包括回收单元1、抛弃单元2和电缆斩断机构3；其中，回收单元1设有回收支架，回收支架内部盛放有2个小吨位的声学释放器13，声学释放器13底部设有可闭合挂钩131，回收支架还载有浮球14；抛弃单元2设有抛弃支架，抛弃支架下方固定连接热流探针24；回收单元1和抛弃单元2通过两端连接声学释放器13底部的可闭合挂钩131的钢丝绳4固定在一起；电缆斩断机构3固定于回收单元1的回收支架底部并通过活动挂钩连接钢丝绳4，电缆0从抛弃单元2出发后进入电缆斩断机构3，再从电缆斩断机构3穿出后连接回收单元1的浮球14；通过钢丝绳4从张紧到松弛的变化启动电缆斩断机构3斩断电缆0；
本发明优选的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站中，所述的回收支架包括纵向的中心架11，以及围绕中心架11在水平方向分两层设置的水平架12；所述的中心架11由纵向的四方棱柱体框架111和从四方棱柱体框架内部1/2高度处向上延伸出来的一垂直立板112构成；所述的垂直立板112与四方棱柱体框架111之间固定连接；所述的四方棱柱体框架111内部盛放有2个声学释放器13，分别悬挂于所述的垂直立板112两侧，所述的声学释放器13底部设有可闭合挂钩131，由声学释放器13内部的步进电机带动其开闭；所述的中心架11周围设有至少6个浮球14，由所述的两层水平架12支撑；
本发明优选的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站中，所述的抛弃支架包括一顶部表面为正方形的支撑框架21、处于支撑框架21顶部表面上的连接框架22、处于支撑框架21顶部表面下方的热流探针固定装置23、以及通过热流探针固定装置23固定于所述支撑框架21下方的热流探针24；所述的连接框架22与所述支撑框架21之间固定连接，所述的支撑框架21与热流探针固定装置23之间固定连接；所述的连接框架22内部设有2个对称平行分布的钢丝绳张紧部件25；
本发明优选的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站中，所述抛弃单元2的连接框架22顶部表面与所述回收单元1的四方棱柱体框架111底部表面相吻合接触；所 述的钢丝绳4穿过连接框架22内部的两个钢丝绳张紧部件25，两端分别上行跨过连接框架22和四方棱柱体框架111相接触结构的外边缘，最终呈环状与所述声学释放器13底部的可闭合挂钩131相钩连。
本发明优选的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站中，所述抛弃单元2的连接框架22顶部表面四个角的位置设有定位孔221；所述回收单元1的四方棱柱体框架111底部表面四个角的位置设有定位突起1111；所述的定位孔221与定位突起1111相吻合接触。
所述的电缆斩断机构3进一步优选以下两种具体结构中的任意一种：
结构A，所述的电缆斩断机构3位于所述抛弃单元2的连接框架22和回收单元1的四方棱柱体框架111相接触后形成的空间内，其包括：
电缆压板32A，所述电缆压板32A的下表面开设有一用于与刀片312A配合的第一凹槽321A和一用于嵌入电缆的第二凹槽322A，所述第一凹槽321A和第二凹槽322A相互垂直且组成十字形结构，所述第一凹槽321A的深度大于第二凹槽322A的深度；所述第二凹槽322A贯穿其所在电缆压板32A的两端；
刀片盒31A，所述刀片盒31A的顶部伸入第一凹槽321A内与电缆压板32A固定连接，并且在该刀片盒31A与第一凹槽321A走向平行的其中一侧面上开设有一纵向延伸的通孔311A，所述刀片盒31A内设有刀片312A，该刀片312A的刀刃朝上正对第一凹槽321A，且该刀片其中一侧面上设有凸起的回位装置3121A，所述回位装置3121A通过通孔311A向刀片盒31A的外部凸出，并可在通孔311A内上下滑动，所述刀片312A两侧面的下部设有凹陷式卡槽；所述刀片盒31A内并设有一上方开口的托架314A和压缩弹簧313A，所述压缩弹簧313A的一端穿过该开口与托架314A固定连接，其另一端与刀片312A固定连接，该压缩弹簧313A完全释放后足以使刀片312A到达第一凹槽321A内对电缆进行切割；所述托架314A的下方和外围设有一弹射控制单元；
所述弹射控制单元包括一对转动杆315A、一对支撑板316A以及一扭簧317A，该一对转动杆对所述托架及其内部的压缩弹簧313A形成包围，每个转动杆315A均由顶部可嵌入所述凹陷式卡槽内的卡块3151A以及与所述卡块3151A固定连接的倒L型省力杠杆构成，所述倒L型省力杠杆于折点位置通过一固定杆固定于刀片盒31A内侧面并以该固定杆为轴作整体转动；该一对支撑板316A 分别固定于扭簧317A的两个末端扭转臂上，并于各自的远端与所述倒L型省力杠杆底部形成转动连接；
挂钩33A，所述挂钩33A与通过钢丝绳连接扭簧317A的中部。
或者，
结构B，所述的电缆斩断机构3位于所述抛弃单元2的连接框架22和回收单元1的四方棱柱体框架111相接触后形成的空间内，其包括：
电缆压板32B，所述电缆压板32B的下表面开设有一用于与刀片312B配合的第一凹槽321B和一用于嵌入电缆的第二凹槽322B，所述第一凹槽321B和第二凹槽322B相互垂直且组成十字形结构，所述第一凹槽321B的深度大于第二凹槽322B的深度；
刀片盒31B，所述刀片盒31B顶部的长度方向与第一凹槽321B平行且与电缆压板32B固定连接，并且在该刀片盒31B与第一凹槽321B走向平行的其中一侧面上开设有一纵向延伸的通孔311B，所述刀片盒31B内设有刀片312B，该刀片312B的刀刃朝上正对第一凹槽321B，且该刀片312B其中一侧面上设有凸起的回位装置3121B，所述回位装置3121B通过通孔311B向刀片盒31B的外部凸出，并可在通孔311B内上下滑动，所述刀片312B另一侧面的中部设有一刀片卡槽3122B；所述刀片312B的下缘固定连接压缩弹簧313B的一端，压缩弹簧313B的另一端固定于刀片盒31B的内底面，所述压缩弹簧313B完全释放后足以使刀片312B到达第一凹槽321B内对电缆进行切割；
斩缆机构固定块35B，所述斩缆机构固定块35B固定于刀片盒31B设有通孔311B的一面下部；
弹射控制盒34B，所述弹射控制盒34B与刀片盒31B相连通且位于远离斩缆机构固定块35B的一侧；所述弹射控制盒34B上部固定有扳机片341B和刀片卡锁342B；扳机片341B为整体呈L形的曲板，于近拐点处通过扳机片转动轴3412B固定在弹射控制盒34B内侧面上并以扳机片转动轴3412B为轴整体转动，其远轴端水平放置，近轴端向下；刀片卡锁342B是整体呈反Z形的曲板，于某一拐点处通过刀片卡锁转动轴3422B固定在弹射控制盒34B内侧面上，并可以刀片卡锁转动轴3422B为轴整体转动，其远轴端可与扳机片341B的近轴端相扣搭，其近轴端可嵌入刀片312B的刀片卡槽3122B中；扳机片341B和刀片卡锁 342B的远轴端分别通过扳机片固定簧3411B和刀片卡锁固定簧3421B连接于弹射控制盒34B顶板；
挂钩33B，所述挂钩33B设置于弹射控制盒34B的下侧，其中，挂钩33B上部穿过弹射控制盒34B底部表面并位于弹射控制盒34B内，并套有挂钩伸缩弹簧331B，所述挂钩伸缩弹簧331B上端与挂钩33B顶部固定连接，下端与弹射控制盒34B内底表面固定连接，挂钩33B顶端设有正对扳机片341B远轴端的撞击柱332B。
本发明的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站结构中，优选的热流长期观测基站中的刀片、压缩弹簧、扭簧等组件均为钛合金材料制成。
本发明的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站结构中，优选的热流探针固定装置23为一长度与所述支撑框架21高度相等的圆筒，其下端与海底热流探针24固定连接；所述的固定装置内部有电缆接头压管26，起始端起始于海底热流探针24，管体沿轴向贯穿热流探针固定装置23内部，并穿过支撑框架21顶表面的圆孔进入连接框架22和回收单元1的四方棱柱体框架111相接触后形成的空间内，终端位于电缆斩断机构3旁边。
本发明进一步优选的方案中，所述的电缆接头压管26终端设置一上大下小的塞型螺栓27，电缆通过塞型螺栓27进入电缆接头压管26，最终与海底热流探针24相连。
本发明优选的方案中，所述的海底热流探针24主要由探针长杆2401和探针仓体2402构成；所述的探针长杆2401为中空结构的圆柱，其一端与所述的探针仓体2402通过螺纹连接，其另一端由可拆卸的圆锥状探针头2403封闭；所述的探针仓体2402内部设有测温电路板2404，外部设有电缆接头出口2405和导热油灌油口2406；所述的热流探针内部设有至少4个温度传感器2407，其一端的温度探头2408在所述的探针长杆2401内部空间沿轴向等间距分布(每两个温度探头2408之间间隔30cm)其另一端深入所述的探针仓体2402内固定并通过导线与测温电路板2404相连；在所述的探针长杆2401内，每两个所述的温度探头2408之间设置2个垂直于长杆轴的热对流屏蔽片2409(每两个热对流屏蔽片2409之间间隔10cm)，所述的热对流屏蔽片2409是聚丙烯纤维以放射状形式构成的圆片型毛刷；所述的测温电路板2404发出的电缆通过电缆接头出口2405与外部 主控系统相连；所述的导热油灌油口2406通过灌油导管2410通向所述的探针长杆241内部。在所述的热流探针内部进一步设置一根固定杆2411，所述的固定杆2411是一端套有中空螺栓的细长杆，其无螺栓部分处于所述的探针长杆2401内部，贯穿整个探针长杆2401并与所述的探针头2403螺纹连接，在另一端的螺栓头部围绕细长杆与螺栓头部连接的位置开设3个以上的通孔2412；所述的中空螺栓与探针长杆和探针仓体相连的结构螺纹连接；所述的热对流屏蔽片与温度传感器的温度探头均固定在所述的固定杆的细长杆上，温度传感器的另一端穿过所述通孔进入所述的探针仓体内。所述的各螺纹连接处、所示的电缆接头出口、导热油灌油口、以及探针长杆内部与探针仓体内部之间的各种接口处都进行水密处理，例如可以使用橡胶密封圈、强力胶水等进行水密处理。
本发明的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站结构中，所述的回收单元1的回收支架上可以安装各种传感器，包括底水温度传感器、深海压力传感器和/或姿态传感器；所述的回收单元1的浮球14为密封玻璃球，其中一个浮球为数据采集仓，里面放置了系统的数采系统，另外一个则放置了电池仓；所述的数据采集仓仓体预留八个水密电缆接头，供外部传感器接进数据采集仓。所述的电池仓预留四个接口供外部使用。
本发明的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站结构中，所述的声学释放器的电子、软件、电源供给等各个功能模块完全独立于自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，仅受船载数据采集控制系统控制；所述的回收单元的回收支架上方还可安装回收旗和无线电信标。当回收单元漂浮在海面时，回收支架上面的信标露出海面开始工作，发出信号，科考人员可以通过接收信号打捞到回收单元。并且回收单元上面有红色的回收旗作为标记，也便于漂浮海面的时候被发现。
本发明的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站使用前，需要先将需要的传感设备安装到相应的位置，例如，将底水温度传感器、深海压力传感器和/或姿态传感器等安装在回收单元的回收支架上；将海底热流探针安装在抛弃单元的支撑框架下方；将回收单元的数据采集系统与各传感器及热流探针之间通过电缆连接好，其中，从海底热流探针24出发的电缆0经电缆接头压管26的固定后穿入电缆斩断机构3的电缆压板，被电缆压板固定拉紧，然后上行与回收单元1的浮球14的水密电缆接头连接好。
海底热流长期观测实验完成后，观测基站接到船载数据采集控制系统发出的脱钩命令，固定回收单元和抛弃单元的钢丝绳从张紧状态变为松弛状态，勾连在钢丝绳上的活动挂钩被放松，启动电缆斩断机构斩断电缆，自浮式海底热流长期观测基站的回收单元和抛弃单元之间断开连接；最终回收单元利用浮力向海面上浮，被科考人员发现并回收，而抛弃单元留在海底。
正常情况下，回收单元1和抛弃单元2的分离首先启动上述电缆斩断机构3，如果斩断成功，回收单元1正常上浮；如果斩断不成功、或者部分斩断时，本发明优选的方案在电缆接头压管26末段设置了塞型螺栓27，将电缆接头压管26中电缆的受力位置集中到塞型螺栓27上面，在回收单元1上浮的过程中，回收单元1和抛弃单元2分离，进而电缆接头压管26随回收单元上浮，压紧的力消失，此时可利用浮力拔出电缆，保证系统正常上浮。
本发明提供的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站可搭载多种传感检测设备，可对海底热流进行多参数的综合观测。更重要的是，本发明的观测基站具有电缆斩断和拔开机构，能够在接到船载系统信号的情况下，自行斩断和/或拔开电缆，实现回收单元与抛弃单元的顺利分离，回收单元可自行上浮至海面被回收。因此本发明的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站适用于长期的海底热流观测。此外，本发明的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站搭载了一种全新结构的海底热流探针，所述海底热流探针具有独特的传感器分布设计，能够同时测量不同深度沉积物的温度，而且在探针内部设置了热对流屏蔽片，能够最大程度地避免其两侧导热油之间的热对流，达到非常高的测量精确度。因此本发明自浮式海底热流长期观测基站搭载的热流探针能够更加显著地提高热流数据测定的准确性温度。
附图说明
图1是本发明中海底热流探针整体结构示意图。
图2是本发明中探针长杆内部结构示意图。
图3是本发明中探针固定杆结构的示意图。
图4为本发明中固定杆与探针的装配图。
图5是本发明中电缆斩断机构A的总体结构示意图。
图6是本发明中的电缆斩断机构A的另一侧面结构示意图。
图7是本发明中的电缆斩断机构B的总体结构示意图。
图8是本发明中的电缆斩断机构B的另一侧面结构示意图。
图9是本发明中的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站A的总体结构示意图。
图10是本发明中的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站A的回收单元框架结构示意图。
图11是本发明中的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站抛弃单元结构示意图。
图12是本发明中的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站回收单元、抛弃单元和电缆斩断机构位置关系示意图。
图13是图12中A部位的仰视图。
图14为图12中B部位的俯视图。
图中标记说明如下：
1、回收单元；11、中心架；111、四方棱柱体框架；1111、定位突起；112、垂直立板；12、水平架；13、声学释放器；131、可闭合挂钩；14、浮球；2、抛弃单元；21、支撑框架；22、连接框架；221、定位孔；23、热流探针固定装置；24、热流探针；2401、探针长杆；2402、探针仓体；2403、探针头；2404、测温电路板；2405、电缆接头出口；2406、导热油灌油口；2407、温度传感器；2408、温度探头；2409、热对流屏蔽片；2410、灌油导管；2411、固定杆；25、钢丝绳张紧部件；26、电缆接头压管；27、塞型螺栓；3、电缆斩断机构；31A、刀片盒；311A、通孔；312A、刀片；3121A、回位装置；313A、压缩弹簧；314A、托架；315A、转动杆；3151A、卡块；316A、支撑板；317A、扭簧；32A、电缆压板；321A、凹槽；322A、凹槽；33A、挂钩；31B、刀片盒；311B、通孔；312B、刀片；3121B、回位装置；3122B、刀片卡槽；313B、压缩弹簧；32B、电缆压板；321B、凹槽；322B、凹槽；33B、挂钩；331B、挂钩伸缩弹簧；332B、撞击柱；34B、弹射控制盒；341B、扳机片；3411B、扳机片固定簧；3412B、扳机片转动轴；342B、刀片卡锁；3421B、刀片卡锁固定簧；3422B、刀片卡锁转动轴；35B、斩缆机构固定块；4、钢丝绳；0、电缆。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。其中，附图仅用于示例性 说明，表示的仅是示意图，而非实物图，不能理解为对本专利的限制；为了更好地说明本发明的实施例，附图某些部件会有省略、放大或缩小，并不代表实际产品的尺寸；对本领域技术人员来说，附图中某些公知结构及其说明可能省略是可以理解的。
本发明实施例的附图中相同或相似的标号对应相同或相似的部件；在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，若有术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此附图中描述位置关系的用语仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本专利的限制。
一、海底热流探针结构
本发明自浮式海底热流长期观测基站中的海底热流探针24，如图1所示，它主要由探针长杆2401和探针仓体2402构成；所述的探针长杆2401为中空结构的圆柱，其一端与所述的探针仓体2402通过螺纹连接，其另一端由可拆卸的圆锥状探针头2403封闭；如图1和3所示，所述的探针仓体2402内部设有测温电路板2404，外部设有电缆接头出口2405和导热油灌油口2406；如图2所示，所述的热流探针内部设有至少4个温度传感器2407，其一端的温度探头2408在所述的探针长杆2401内部空间沿轴向等间距分布(每两个温度探头2408之间间隔30cm)其另一端深入所述的探针仓体2402内固定并通过导线与测温电路板2404相连(参见图1、3和4)；如图2所示，在所述的探针长杆2401内，每两个所述的温度探头2408之间设置2个垂直于长杆轴的热对流屏蔽片2409(每两个热对流屏蔽片2409之间间隔10cm)，所述的热对流屏蔽片2409是聚丙烯纤维以放射状形式构成的圆片型毛刷；所述的测温电路板2404发出的电缆通过电缆接头出口2405与外部主控系统相连；所述的导热油灌油口2406通过灌油导管2410通向所述的探针长杆2401内部。
如图2-4所示，在所述的热流探针内部进一步设置一固定杆2411，所述的固定杆2411是一端套有中空螺栓的细长杆，其无螺栓部分处于所述的探针长杆2401内部，贯穿整个探针长杆2401，并与所述的探针头2403螺纹连接(参见图2)，在另一端的螺栓头部围绕细长杆与螺栓头部连接的位置开设3个以上的通孔 (参见图3和4)；所述的中空螺栓与探针长杆和探针仓体相连的结构螺纹连接(参见图3和4)；所述的热对流屏蔽片与温度传感器的温度探头均固定在所述的固定杆的细长杆上，温度传感器的另一端穿过所述通孔进入所述的探针仓体内(参见图3和4)。
所述的各螺纹连接处、所示的电缆接头出口、导热油灌油口、以及探针长杆内部与探针仓体内部之间的各种接口处都进行水密处理，例如可以使用橡胶密封圈、强力胶水等进行水密处理。
二、用于自浮式海底热流长期观测基站的电缆斩断机构A
如图5和6所示，电缆斩断机构主要由刀片盒31A、电缆压板32A和活动挂钩33A组成；所述的电缆压板32A为厚度在电缆直径2倍以上的水平放置的长方体，在所述长方体下表面开有相互垂直的十字形凹槽，其中较深的凹槽321A深度是较浅的凹槽322A深度的1.2-1.5倍，较浅的凹槽322A宽度足以使电缆嵌入；所述的刀片盒31A顶部伸入较深的凹槽321A内与电缆压板32A固定连接，并开设通孔保持较浅凹槽322A的贯通，与较深的凹槽321A的走向平行的某个侧面露出部分的上2/3段设有纵向延伸的通孔311A；所述的刀片盒31A内部设有刀片312A，所述的刀片312A刀刃朝上正对较深凹槽321A，刀片312A某一侧面上设有凸起的圆柱形或棱柱形回位装置3121A，回位装置3121A穿过通孔311A向刀片盒31A外部凸出，并可在通孔311A内上下滑动；所述刀片312A下缘固定连接强力压缩弹簧313A，强力压缩弹簧313A被完全压缩后刀片312A上缘处于刀片盒31A内上1/6处，而强力压缩弹簧313A完全释放后足以使刀片312A到达较深的凹槽321A内，刀片312A两侧面下部均设有凹陷式卡槽；强力压缩弹簧313A固定于刀片盒31A内中下部的半开放托架314A上，半开放托架314A下方和外围设有弹射控制单元，弹射控制单元下方连接所述的活动挂钩33A；所述的弹射控制单元包括一对转动杆315A、一对支撑板316A和一组强力扭簧317A；一对转动杆315A对所述的半开放托架314A及其内部的强力压缩弹簧313A形成包围，每个转动杆315A都由顶端可嵌入刀片312A侧面下部卡槽内的卡块3151A和倒L型省力杠杆构成，所述倒L型省力杠杆于折点位置固定于刀片盒31A内侧面并能以固定点为轴整体转动；一对支撑板316A分别固定于强力扭簧317A的两个末端扭转臂上，并于各自的远端与所述的转动杆315A底 部形成转动连接；所述的强力扭簧317A中部通过钢丝绳连接所述的活动挂钩33A。
所述的刀片、强力压缩弹簧、强力扭簧等组件均为钛合金材料制成。
三、用于自浮式海底热流长期观测基站的电缆斩断机构B
如图7和8所示，电缆斩断机构主要由刀片盒31B、电缆压板32B、弹射控制盒34B和活动挂钩33B组成；所述的电缆压板32B为厚度在电缆直径2倍以上的水平放置的长方体，在所述长方体下表面开有相互垂直的十字形凹槽，其中较深的凹槽321B深度是较浅的凹槽322B深度的1.2-1.5倍，较浅的凹槽322B宽度足以使电缆嵌入；所述的刀片盒31B顶部与较深的凹槽321B平行并与电缆压板32B固定连接，刀片盒31B某个与较深的凹槽321B的走向平行的侧面露出部分的上2/3段设有纵向延伸的通孔311B；所述的刀片盒31B内部设有刀片312B，所述的刀片312B刀刃朝上正对较深凹槽321B，刀片312B一面上设有凸起的圆柱形或棱柱形回位装置3121B，回位装置3121B穿过通孔311B向刀片盒31B外部凸出，并可在通孔311B内上下滑动，刀片312B另一面中部设有一凹陷式卡槽3122B；所述刀片312B下缘固定连接强力压缩弹簧313B，强力压缩弹簧313B被完全压缩后刀片312B上缘处于刀片盒31B内上1/6处，而强力压缩弹簧313B完全释放后足以使刀片312B到达较深的凹槽321B内；强力压缩弹簧313B下端固定于刀片盒31B内底表面上；刀片盒31B有通孔311B的一面下部外接一长方体的斩缆机构固定块35B，刀片盒31B另一面与外接的弹射控制盒34B相连通；弹射控制盒34B内，上部固定有扳机片341B和刀片卡锁342B；扳机片341B是整体呈“L”形的曲板，于近拐点处固定在弹射控制盒34B内侧面上，其远轴端接近水平，近轴端向下，并可以固定点为轴整体转动；刀片卡锁342B是整体近反“Z”形的曲板，于某一拐点处固定在弹射控制盒34B内侧面上，并可以固定点为轴整体转动，其远轴端可与扳机片341B的近轴端相扣搭，其近轴端可嵌入刀片312B的凹陷式卡槽3122B中；扳机片341B和刀片卡锁342B的远轴端分别通过扳机片固定簧3411B和刀片卡锁固定簧3421B连接于弹射控制盒34B顶板；弹射控制盒34B下方为活动挂钩33B，活动挂钩33B上部处于弹射控制盒34B内，并套有活动挂钩伸缩弹簧331B，活动挂钩伸缩弹簧331B上端与活动挂钩顶部固定连接，下端与弹射控制盒34B内底表面固定连接，活 动挂钩33B顶端设有正对扳机片341B远轴端的撞击柱332B。
所述的刀片、强力压缩弹簧、扳机片、刀片卡锁、扳机片固定簧、刀片卡锁固定簧、活动挂钩、活动挂钩伸缩弹簧、撞击柱等组件均为钛合金材料制成。
四、自浮式海底热流长期观测基站A
一种自浮式海底热流长期观测基站A，如图9所示，它大体上由回收单元1、抛弃单元2和实施例2所述的电缆斩断机构A构成；
如图10和11所示，所述的回收单元1设有回收支架，所述的回收支架包括纵向的中心架11，以及围绕中心架11在水平方向分两层设置的水平架12；所述的中心架11由纵向的四方棱柱体框架111和从四方棱柱体框架内部1/2高度处向上延伸出来的一垂直立板112构成；所述的垂直立板112与四方棱柱体框架111之间固定连接；所述的四方棱柱体框架111内部盛放有2个声学释放器13，分别悬挂于所述的垂直立板112两侧，所述的声学释放器13底部设有可闭合挂钩结构131，由声学释放器13内部的步进电机带动其开闭；所述的中心架11周围设有至少6个浮球14，由所述的两层水平架12支撑；
如图9-14所示，所述的抛弃单元2设有抛弃支架，所述的抛弃支架包括一顶部表面为正方形的支撑框架21、处于支撑框架21顶部表面上的连接框架22、处于支撑框架21顶部表面下方的热流探针固定装置23、以及通过热流探针固定装置23固定于所述支撑框架21下方的实施例1所述的热流探针24；所述的连接框架22与所述支撑框架21之间固定连接，所述的支撑框架21与热流探针固定装置23之间固定连接；所述的连接框架22内部设有2个对称平行分布的钢丝绳张紧部件25；
如图12-14所示，所述的回收单元1和抛弃单元2通过钢丝绳4固定在一起；所述抛弃单元2的连接框架22顶部表面四个角的位置设有定位孔221；所述回收单元1的四方棱柱体框架111底部表面四个角的位置设有定位突起1111；所述的定位孔221与定位突起1111相吻合接触。所述的钢丝绳4穿过连接框架22内部的两个钢丝绳张紧部件25，两端分别上行跨过连接框架22和四方棱柱体框架111相接触结构的外边缘，最终呈环状与所述声学释放器13底部的可闭合挂钩131相钩连；
如图12-14所示，实施例2所述的电缆斩断机构A位于所述抛弃单元2的连 接框架21和回收单元1的四方棱柱体框架111相接触后形成的空间内，固定在回收单元1的四方棱柱体框架111底部。
如图9-14所示，所述的抛弃单元2中，热流探针固定装置23为一长度与所述支撑框架21的高度相等的圆筒，其下端与海底热流探针24固定连接；所述的热流探针固定装置23内部有电缆接头压管26，起始于海底热流探针24，管体沿轴向贯穿热流探针固定装置23内部，并穿过支撑框架21顶表面的圆孔进入连接框架22和回收单元1的四方棱柱体框架111相接触后形成的空间内，终端位于电缆斩断机构3的旁边。所述的电缆接头压管26终端设置一上大下小的塞型螺栓27。
电缆0向上连接回收单元1的浮球14，行经电缆斩断机构A时进入电缆压板32A较浅凹槽322A，再通过塞型螺栓27进入电缆接头压管26，最终与实施例1所述的海底热流探针24的电缆接头出口2405相连。
本发明的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站结构中，所述的回收单元1的回收支架上可以安装各种传感器，包括底水温度传感器、深海压力传感器和/或姿态传感器；所述的回收单元1的浮球14为密封玻璃球，其中一个浮球为数据采集仓，里面放置了数采系统，另外一个则放置了电池仓；所述的数据采集仓仓体预留八个水密电缆接头，供外部传感器接进数据采集仓。所述的电池仓预留四个接口供外部使用。
本发明的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站结构中，所述的声学释放器的电子、软件、电源供给等各个功能模块完全独立于海底热流长期观测基站，仅受船载数据采集控制系统控制；所述的回收单元的回收支架上方还可安装回收旗和无线电信标。当回收单元漂浮在海面时，回收支架上面的信标露出海面开始工作，发出信号，科考人员可以通过接收信号打捞到回收单元。并且回收单元上面有红色的回收旗作为标记，也便于漂浮海面的时候被发现。
所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站A使用前，先将需要的传感设备安装到相应的位置，例如，将底水温度传感器、深海压力传感器和/或姿态传感器等安装在回收单元的回收支架上；将海底热流探针安装在抛弃单元的支撑框架下方；将回收单元的数据采集系统与各传感器及热流探针之间通过电缆连接好，其中，从海底热流探针24出发的电缆0经电缆接头压管26的固定后穿入电缆斩断 机构A的电缆压板32A的较浅凹槽322A，被电缆压板32A固定拉紧，然后上行与回收单元1的浮球14的水密电缆接头连接好；向下拉动刀片312A侧面的回位装置3121A以压缩刀片盒31A内的压缩弹簧313A，同时，用张紧的钢丝绳将海底热流长期观测基站的回收单元和抛弃单元固定，将活动挂钩33A勾在张紧的钢丝绳上，并调节其与扭簧317A之间的细钢丝绳，使活动挂钩33A保持拉紧状态，使扭簧317A处于张紧状态，一对支撑板316A水平支撑转动杆315A的末端，使其顶端的卡块3151A嵌入刀片312A侧面下部的卡槽内卡住蓄势待发的强力压缩弹簧和刀片；
将上述安装好的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站通过船载方式运达指定海域投放入海，稳定插入海底沉积物中进行数据采集和观测实验。
海底热流长期观测实验完成后，观测基站会接到船载数据采集控制系统发出的脱钩命令，固定回收单元和抛弃单元的钢丝绳从张紧状态变为松弛状态，勾连在钢丝绳上的活动挂钩33A被放松，其上方的刀片盒31A内，在强力扭簧317A作用下两侧支撑板316A的远端发生相对闭合运动，由此带动与之连接的转动杆315A以其固定点为轴整体转动，使转动杆315A顶端的一对卡块3151A脱离刀片312A侧面下部的卡槽位置，此时强力压缩弹簧313A回弹，带动上方的刀片312A向电缆压板32A较深凹槽321A内弹射，将较浅凹槽322A内被压紧的电缆斩断，海底热流长期观测基站的回收单元和抛弃单元之间断开连接；最终回收单元利用浮力向海面上浮，被科考人员发现并回收，而抛弃单元留在海底。
正常情况下，回收单元1和抛弃单元2的分离首先启动上述电缆斩断机构，如果斩断成功，回收单元1正常上浮；如果斩断不成功、或者部分斩断时，本发明优选的方案在电缆接头压管26末段设置了塞型螺栓27，将电缆接头压管26中电缆的受力位置集中到塞型螺栓27上面，在回收单元1上浮的过程中，回收单元1和抛弃单元2分离，进而电缆接头压管26随回收单元上浮，压紧的力消失，此时可利用浮力拔出电缆，保证系统正常上浮。
五、自浮式海底热流长期观测基站B
一种自浮式海底热流长期观测基站B，它大体上由回收单元1、抛弃单元2和实施例3所述的电缆斩断机构B构成，与第四部分所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站A相比，区别特征仅在于使用的电缆斩断机构不同，所述的电缆斩 断机构B通过斩缆机构固定块35B固定于回收单元1的四方棱柱体框架111底部；自浮式海底热流长期观测基站B的整体结构可参考图8-11。
所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站B中，电缆0向上连接回收单元1的浮球14，行经电缆斩断机构B时进入电缆压板32B较浅凹槽322B，再通过塞型螺栓27进入电缆接头压管26，最终与实施例1所述的海底热流探针24的电缆接头出口2405相连。
本发明的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站结构中，所述的回收单元1的回收支架上可以安装各种传感器，包括底水温度传感器、深海压力传感器和/或姿态传感器；所述的回收单元1的浮球14为密封玻璃球，其中一个浮球为数据采集仓，里面放置了数采系统，另外一个则放置了电池仓；所述的数据采集仓仓体预留八个水密电缆接头，供外部传感器接进数据采集仓。所述的电池仓预留四个接口供外部使用。
本发明的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站结构中，所述的声学释放器的电子、软件、电源供给等各个功能模块完全独立于自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，仅受船载数据采集控制系统控制；所述的回收单元的回收支架上方还可安装回收旗和无线电信标。当回收单元漂浮在海面时，回收支架上面的信标露出海面开始工作，发出信号，科考人员可以通过接收信号打捞到回收单元。并且回收单元上面有红色的回收旗作为标记，也便于漂浮海面的时候被发现。
所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站B使用前，先将需要的传感设备安装到相应的位置，例如，将底水温度传感器、深海压力传感器和/或姿态传感器等安装在回收单元的回收支架上；将海底热流探针安装在抛弃单元的支撑框架下方；将回收单元的数据采集系统与各传感器及热流探针之间通过电缆连接好，其中，从海底热流探针24出发的电缆0经电缆接头压管26的固定后穿入电缆斩断机构B的电缆压板32B的较浅凹槽322B，被电缆压板32B固定拉紧，然后上行与回收单元1的浮球14的水密电缆接头连接好；向下拉动刀片312B侧面的回位装置3121B以压缩刀片盒31B内的压缩弹簧313B，同时，用张紧的钢丝绳将自浮式海底热流长期观测基站的回收单元和抛弃单元固定，将活动挂钩33B勾在张紧的钢丝绳上，使活动挂钩33B保持拉紧状态，弹射控制盒34B内的挂钩伸缩弹簧331B被充分压缩；同时将弹射控制盒34B内的刀片卡锁342B近轴端嵌入 回位的刀片312B的凹陷式卡槽3122B内，卡住蓄势待发的强力压缩弹簧和刀片，刀片卡锁342B的远轴端压于扳机片341B近轴端下方。
海底热流长期观测实验完成后，观测基站接到船载数据采集控制系统发出的脱钩命令，固定回收单元和抛弃单元的钢丝绳从张紧状态变为松弛状态，勾连在钢丝绳上的活动挂钩33B被放松，在挂钩伸缩弹簧331B的弹力作用下，活动挂钩33B迅速向上弹起，用其顶部的撞击柱332B撞击扳机片341B远轴端，扳机片整体以扳机片转动轴3412B为轴转动，利用杠杆原理使扳机片341B近轴端向下转动，带动刀片卡锁342B远轴端向下转动，同样利用杠杆原理使刀片卡锁342B近轴端发生转动脱离刀片312B的凹陷式卡槽3122B，此时强力压缩弹簧313B回弹，带动上方的刀片312B向电缆压板32B较深凹槽321B内弹射，将较浅凹槽322B内被压紧的电缆斩断，自浮式海底热流长期观测基站的回收单元和抛弃单元之间断开连接；最终回收单元利用浮力向海面上浮，被科考人员发现并回收，而抛弃单元留在海底。
正常情况下，回收单元1和抛弃单元2的分离首先启动上述电缆斩断机构3，如果斩断成功，回收单元1正常上浮；如果斩断不成功、或者部分斩断时，本发明优选的方案在电缆接头压管26末段设置了塞型螺栓27，将电缆接头压管26中电缆的受力位置集中到塞型螺栓27上面，在回收单元1上浮的过程中，回收单元1和抛弃单元2分离，进而电缆接头压管26随回收单元上浮，压紧的力消失，此时可利用浮力拔出电缆，保证系统正常上浮。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，其特征在于，其包括回收单元(1)、抛弃单元(2)和电缆斩断机构(3)；其中，回收单元(1)设有回收支架，回收支架内部盛放有2个声学释放器(13)，声学释放器(13)底部设有可闭合挂钩(131)，回收支架还载有浮球(14)；抛弃单元(2)设有抛弃支架，抛弃支架下方固定连接热流探针(24)；回收单元(1)和抛弃单元(2)通过两端连接声学释放器(13)底部的可闭合挂钩(131)的钢丝绳(4)固定在一起；电缆斩断机构(3)固定于回收单元(1)的回收支架底部并通过活动挂钩连接钢丝绳(4)，电缆(0)从抛弃单元(2)出发后进入电缆斩断机构(3)，再从电缆斩断机构(3)穿出后连接回收单元(1)的浮球(14)；通过钢丝绳(4)从张紧到松弛的变化启动电缆斩断机构(3)斩断电缆(0)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，其特征在于：所述的回收支架包括纵向的中心架(11)，以及围绕中心架(11)在水平方向分两层设置的水平架(12)；所述的中心架(11)由纵向的四方棱柱体框架(111)和从四方棱柱体框架内部1/2高度处向上延伸出来的一垂直立板(112)构成；所述的垂直立板(112)与四方棱柱体框架(111)之间固定连接；所述的四方棱柱体框架(111)内部盛放有2个声学释放器(13)，分别悬挂于所述的垂直立板(112)两侧，所述的声学释放器(13)底部设有可闭合挂钩(131)，由声学释放器(13)内部的步进电机带动其开闭；所述的中心架(11)周围设有至少6个浮球(14)，由所述的两层水平架(12)支撑。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，其特征在于：所述的抛弃支架包括一顶部表面为正方形的支撑框架(21)、处于支撑框架(21)顶部表面上的连接框架(22)、处于支撑框架(21)顶部表面下方的热流探针固定装置(23)、以及通过热流探针固定装置(23)固定于所述支撑框架(21)下方的热流探针(24)；所述的连接框架(22)与所述支撑框架(21)之间固定连接，所述的支撑框架(21)与热流探针固定装置(23)之间固定连接；所述的连接框架(22)内部设有2个对称平行分布的钢丝绳张紧部件(25)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，其特征在于：所 述抛弃单元(2)的连接框架(22)顶部表面与所述回收单元(1)的四方棱柱体框架(111)底部表面相吻合接触；所述的钢丝绳(4)穿过连接框架(22)内部的两个钢丝绳张紧部件(25)，两端分别上行跨过连接框架(22)和四方棱柱体框架(111)相接触结构的外边缘，最终呈环状与所述声学释放器(13)底部的可闭合挂钩(131)相钩连；所述的电缆斩断机构(3)位于所述抛弃单元(2)的连接框架(22)和回收单元(1)的四方棱柱体框架(111)相接触后形成的空间内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，其特征在于：所述抛弃单元(2)的连接框架(22)顶部表面四个角的位置设有定位孔(221)；所述回收单元(1)的四方棱柱体框架(111)底部表面四个角的位置设有定位突起(1111)；所述的定位孔(221)与定位突起(1111)相吻合接触。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，其特征在于：所述的电缆斩断机构(3)位于所述抛弃单元(2)的连接框架(21)和回收单元(1)的四方棱柱体框架(111)相接触后形成的空间内，并固定于回收单元(1)的四方棱柱体框架(111)底部；所述的电缆斩断机构(3)包括：
    电缆压板(32A)，所述电缆压板(32A)的下表面开设有一用于与刀片(312A)配合的第一凹槽(321A)和一用于嵌入电缆的第二凹槽(322A)，所述第一凹槽(321A)和第二凹槽(322A)相互垂直且组成十字形结构，所述第一凹槽(321A)的深度大于第二凹槽(322A)的深度；
    刀片盒(31A)，所述刀片盒(31A)的顶部伸入第一凹槽(321A)内与电缆压板(32A)固定连接，并且在该刀片盒(31A)与第一凹槽(321A)走向平行的其中一侧面上开设有一纵向延伸的通孔(311A)，所述刀片盒(31A)内设有刀片(312A)，该刀片(312A)的刀刃朝上正对第一凹槽(321A)，且该刀片其中一侧面上设有凸起的回位装置(3121A)，所述回位装置(3121A)通过通孔(311A)向刀片盒(31A)的外部凸出，并可在通孔(311A)内上下滑动，所述刀片(312A)两侧面的下部设有凹陷式卡槽；所述刀片盒(31A)内并设有一上方开口的托架(314A)和压缩弹簧(313A)，所述压缩弹簧(313A)的一端穿过该开口与托架(314A)固定连接，其另一端与刀片(312A)固定连接，该压缩弹簧(313A)完全释放后足以使刀片(312A)到达第一凹槽(321A)内对电 缆进行切割；所述托架(314A)的下方和外围设有一弹射控制单元；
    所述弹射控制单元包括一对转动杆(315A)、一对支撑板(316A)以及一扭簧(317A)，该一对转动杆对所述托架及其内部的压缩弹簧(313A)形成包围，每个转动杆(315A)均由顶部可嵌入所述凹陷式卡槽内的卡块(3151A)以及与所述卡块(3151A)固定连接的倒L型省力杠杆构成，所述倒L型省力杠杆于折点位置通过一固定杆固定于刀片盒(31A)内侧面并以该固定杆为轴作整体转动；该一对支撑板(316A)分别固定于扭簧(317A)的两个末端扭转臂上，并于各自的远端与所述倒L型省力杠杆底部形成转动连接；
    挂钩(33A)，所述挂钩(33A)与通过钢丝绳连接扭簧(317A)的中部。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，其特征在于：所述的电缆斩断机构(3)位于所述抛弃单元(2)的连接框架(21)和回收单元(1)的四方棱柱体框架(111)相接触后形成的空间内，并固定于回收单元(1)的四方棱柱体框架(111)底部；所述的电缆斩断机构(3)包括：
    电缆压板(32B)，所述电缆压板(32B)的下表面开设有一用于与刀片(312B)配合的第一凹槽(321B)和一用于嵌入电缆的第二凹槽(322B)，所述第一凹槽(321B)和第二凹槽(322B)相互垂直且组成十字形结构，所述第一凹槽(321B)的深度大于第二凹槽(322B)的深度；
    刀片盒(31B)，所述刀片盒(31B)顶部的长度方向与第一凹槽(321B)平行且与电缆压板(32B)固定连接，并且在该刀片盒(31B)与第一凹槽(321B)走向平行的其中一侧面上开设有一纵向延伸的通孔(311B)，所述刀片盒(31B)内设有刀片(312B)，该刀片(312B)的刀刃朝上正对第一凹槽(321B)，且该刀片(312B)其中一侧面上设有凸起的回位装置(3121B)，所述回位装置(3121B)通过通孔(311B)向刀片盒(31B)的外部凸出，并可在通孔(311B)内上下滑动，所述刀片(312B)另一侧面的中部设有一刀片卡槽(3122B)；所述刀片(312B)的下缘固定连接压缩弹簧(313B)的一端，压缩弹簧(313B)的另一端固定于刀片盒(31B)的内底面，所述压缩弹簧(313B)完全释放后足以使刀片(312B)到达第一凹槽(321B)内对电缆进行切割；
    斩缆机构固定块(35B)，所述斩缆机构固定块(35B)固定于刀片盒(31B)设有通孔(311B)的一面下部；
    弹射控制盒(34B)，所述弹射控制盒(34B)与刀片盒(31B)相连通且位于远离斩缆机构固定块(35B)的一侧；所述弹射控制盒(34B)上部固定有扳机片(341B)和刀片卡锁(342B)；扳机片(341B)为整体呈L形的曲板，于近拐点处通过扳机片转动轴(3412B)固定在弹射控制盒(34B)内侧面上并以扳机片转动轴(3412B)为轴整体转动，其远轴端水平放置，近轴端向下；刀片卡锁(342B)是整体呈反Z形的曲板，于某一拐点处通过刀片卡锁转动轴(3422B)固定在弹射控制盒(34B)内侧面上，并可以刀片卡锁转动轴(3422B)为轴整体转动，其远轴端可与扳机片(341B)的近轴端相扣搭，其近轴端可嵌入刀片(312B)的刀片卡槽(3122B)中；扳机片(341B)和刀片卡锁(342B)的远轴端分别通过扳机片固定簧(3411B)和刀片卡锁固定簧(3421B)连接于弹射控制盒(34B)顶板；
    挂钩(33B)，所述挂钩(33B)设置于弹射控制盒(34B)的下侧，其中，挂钩(33B)上部穿过弹射控制盒(34B)底部表面并位于弹射控制盒(34B)内，并套有挂钩伸缩弹簧(331B)，所述挂钩伸缩弹簧(331B)上端与挂钩(33B)顶部固定连接，下端与弹射控制盒(34B)内底表面固定连接，挂钩(33B)顶端设有正对扳机片(341B)远轴端的撞击柱(332B)。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7任一项所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，其特征在于：所述的抛弃单元(2)中，热流探针固定装置(23)为一长度与所述支撑框架(21)高度相等的圆筒，其下端与海底热流探针(24)固定连接；所述的固定装置内部有电缆接头压管(26)，起始端起始于海底热流探针(24)，管体沿轴向贯穿热流探针固定装置(23)内部，并穿过支撑框架(21)顶表面的圆孔进入连接框架(22)和回收单元(1)的四方棱柱体框架(111)相接触后形成的空间内，终端位于电缆斩断机构(3)旁边。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，其特征在于：所述的电缆接头压管(26)终端设置一上大下小的塞型螺栓(27)，电缆通过塞型螺栓(27)进入电缆接头压管(26)，最终与海底热流探针(24)相连。
  10. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的自浮式海底热流长期观测基站，其特征在于：所述的海底热流探针(24)其包括探针长杆(2401)和探针仓体(2402)；其中，所述的探针长杆(2401)为中空结构，该探针长杆(2401)的一端与所述 的探针仓体(2402)通过螺纹连接，其另一端由可拆卸的圆锥状探针头(2403)封闭；所述的探针仓体(2402)内部设有测温电路板(2404)，其外部设有电缆接头出口(2405)和导热油灌油口(2406)；所述的海底热流探针内部设有至少四个温度传感器(2407)，该至少四个温度传感器(2407)一端的温度探头(2408)在所述的探针长杆(2401)内部空间沿探针长杆(2401)轴向等间距分布，其另一端深入所述的探针仓体(2402)内固定并通过导线与测温电路板(2404)相连；在所述的探针长杆(2401)内，每两个所述的温度探头(2408)之间设置至少一个沿探针长杆(2401)径向分布的热对流屏蔽片(2409)，所述的测温电路板(2404)输出的信号通过电缆经由电缆接头出口(2405)与外部主控系统相连；所述的导热油灌油口(2406)通过灌油导管(2410)通向所述的探针长杆(2401)内部，所述的海底热流探针(24)进一步包括一固定杆(2411)，所述的固定杆(2411)包括杆体和中空螺栓，所述的杆体位于探针长杆(2401)内部，所述的中空螺栓与探针仓体(2402)和探针长杆(2401)的连接处螺纹连接，所述的杆体一端与探针头(2403)螺纹连接，其另一端固定于中空螺栓的内部，在该中空螺栓的头部围绕所述杆体开设有与温度传感器(2407)数量相等的通孔，所述温度传感器(2407)的另一端穿过相应的通孔延伸至探针仓体(2402)中，所述的热对流屏蔽片(2409)和温度探头(2408)均固定在所述杆体上。
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