WO2016107129A1 - 广播实现方法、装置和设备 - Google Patents

广播实现方法、装置和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016107129A1
WO2016107129A1 PCT/CN2015/083580 CN2015083580W WO2016107129A1 WO 2016107129 A1 WO2016107129 A1 WO 2016107129A1 CN 2015083580 W CN2015083580 W CN 2015083580W WO 2016107129 A1 WO2016107129 A1 WO 2016107129A1
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response
indication field
devices
response indication
wpan
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PCT/CN2015/083580
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨志龙
徐高峰
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2016107129A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016107129A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a broadcast implementation method, apparatus, and device.
  • Low-rate wireless personal area network refers to the use of the same wireless channel in an area and follows the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15. .4 A collection of sets of devices in which standards communicate with each other, also known as IEEE 802.15.4 networks.
  • IEEE 802.15.4 specifies the physical layer and media access control of the LR-WPAN.
  • the devices in the LR-WPAN are classified into a full-function device (FFD) and a reduced-function device (RFD) based on communication capabilities. Between FFDs, FFD and RFD can communicate directly; RFD can't communicate directly, RFD can only communicate with FFD, and forward data through FFD. At least one FFD device is required in each LR-WPAN to act as a coordinator for the network. In addition to directly participating in the application, the coordinator is also responsible for tasks such as membership management, link state information management, and packet forwarding in the LR-WPAN.
  • RFD is mainly used for simpler applications, such as lamp switches, passive infrared sensors, etc., the amount of data to be transmitted is small, and the transmission resources and communication resources are not much occupied, so the RFD can adopt a low-cost implementation.
  • Each device in the LR-WPAN is assigned an identifier (ID) for communicating in the LR-WPAN and uniquely identifying the device in the LR-WPAN.
  • ID identifier
  • the number of bits of the ID can be 16 bits, 8 bits, and the like. Take the ID bit of the device in LR-WPAN as 16bit, where 0x0000 is an invalid ID. 0xFFFF is a broadcast ID, and the identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device ranges from 0x0001 to 0xFFFE, that is, each identifier in the range of values can be assigned to one device in the LR-WPAN.
  • the ID of the coordinator can be fixed, for example, 0x0001; the ID of other devices except the coordinator can be automatically assigned by the coordinator or manually. Assuming that the coordinator ID is 0x0001, the ID of the device other than the coordinator in the LR-WPAN is in the range of 0x0002 to 0xFFFE.
  • CSMA/CA carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance
  • the delay/wait time increases exponentially with the number of backoffs, that is, if the channel is still busy if the channel is still busy after the last delay/wait, the delay/wait time is doubled and the device has to wait for more time. To prevent the device from listening frequently. If there are a large number of devices in the network, for example, more than 1000 devices, the collision probability increases significantly, and the random backoff mechanism of CSMA/CA will be greatly reduced, which affects the communication performance of LR-WPAN.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a broadcast implementation method and apparatus, and an LR-WPAN, where a coordinator in a LR-WPAN sends a broadcast frame including a response indication field, indicating that multiple devices in the LR-WPAN respond in order So that the broadcast response conflict between multiple devices in the LR-WPAN can be avoided, and the channel of the LR-WPAN is improved. Utilization and performance.
  • a broadcast implementation method for a low-rate wireless personal area network LR-WPAN, the method comprising:
  • the first device acquires a response backoff time according to the response indication field, and starts from receiving the broadcast frame and arrives at the response. When the backoff time, the response frame is sent.
  • the method further includes:
  • the broadcast frame is discarded.
  • the obtaining the response backoff time according to the response indication field includes:
  • the response order is an order in which the first device returns a response frame in the multiple devices indicated by the response indication field .
  • the response indication field includes the LR -
  • the WPAN can assign a response indication bit corresponding to each identifier of the device.
  • the response indication field is a type length A value-type-value (TLV) format includes identifiers of the plurality of devices.
  • a broadcast implementation method for use in an LR-WPAN, the method comprising:
  • the coordinator generates and sends a broadcast frame, where the broadcast frame includes a response indication field, where the response indication field is used to indicate that multiple devices in the LR-WPAN respond in response order;
  • the response order is an order in which the plurality of devices return a response frame indicated by the response indication field.
  • the response indication field includes a response indication bit corresponding to each identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device.
  • the response indication field is a TLV format, including identifiers of the multiple devices
  • the method before the coordinator generates the broadcast frame, the method further includes:
  • the coordinator determines the response indication field according to a preset condition.
  • the coordinator determines, according to a preset condition, that the response indication field includes:
  • the response indication field includes a response indication bit corresponding to each identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device
  • the response indication field is determined to be in a TLV format, including an identifier of the plurality of devices.
  • the method before the coordinator determines the response indication field according to a preset condition, the method also includes the coordinator determining an identifier of the plurality of devices.
  • the response frame returned by the response sequence specifically includes:
  • a broadcast implementation apparatus for use in an LR-WPAN, the apparatus comprising:
  • a receiving module configured to receive a broadcast frame sent by the coordinator, where the broadcast frame includes a response indication field, where the response indication field is used to indicate that multiple devices in the LR-WPAN respond in order;
  • a processing module configured to: when the response frame is determined according to the response indication field, obtain a response backoff time according to the response indication field, and start from receiving the broadcast frame and arrive at the Send a response frame when answering the backoff time;
  • the broadcast implementation device is deployed on a first one of the plurality of devices.
  • the processing module is further configured to discard the broadcast frame when determining, according to the response indication field, that the broadcast frame does not need to be acknowledged.
  • the processing module is configured to acquire the first according to the response indication field.
  • the response order of the device; calculating the response backoff time according to the preset response duration and the response order; the response order is the first device Returning the order of the response frames in the plurality of devices indicated by the response indication field.
  • the response indication field includes each of the LR-WPANs assignable to the device
  • the response indication bit corresponding to the identifier; or the response indication field is in a TLV format, including an identifier of the plurality of devices.
  • an FFD for use in an LR-WPAN, the FFD comprising:
  • Generating a module generating a broadcast frame, where the broadcast frame includes a response indication field, where the response indication field is used to indicate that multiple devices respond;
  • a sending module configured to send the broadcast frame
  • the receiving module is configured to receive a response frame that is sequentially returned by the multiple devices.
  • the response indication field includes a response indication bit corresponding to each identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device; or the response indication field is
  • the TLV format includes an identifier of the plurality of devices.
  • the generating module is further configured to determine the response indication field according to a preset condition.
  • the generating module is configured to: when the quantity of the multiple devices that need to be answered is greater than a preset threshold Determining that the response indication field includes a response indication bit corresponding to each identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device; otherwise determining that the response indication field is in a TLV format, including an identifier of the multiple devices .
  • the receiving module is specifically configured to The response waiting period and the number of the plurality of devices are determined, and the response waiting period is determined; and in the response waiting period, the response frame sequentially returned by the plurality of devices is received.
  • the present invention provides an LR-WPAN, including: a coordinator and a plurality of devices; wherein the coordinator is the FFD described in any of the possible implementation manners of the fourth aspect or the fourth aspect.
  • the coordinator is the FFD described in any of the possible implementation manners of the fourth aspect or the fourth aspect.
  • Each of the plurality of devices includes the broadcast implementation device as described in the third aspect or any of the possible implementations of the third aspect.
  • the coordinator generates and sends a broadcast frame including a response indication field, and the response indication field indicates that multiple devices in the LR-WPAN respond in response order, and broadcast to implement multicast-like communication.
  • the mechanism implements communication between the coordinator and some devices in the LR-WPAN, and improves resource utilization and communication efficiency of the coordinator compared to the conventional unicast or broadcast mode.
  • each of the multiple devices acquires a response sequence according to the response indication field, calculates a response backoff time according to the respective response order, and sends a response frame when the response backoff time is reached, which can avoid multiple
  • the broadcast response conflict between devices improves the resource utilization of each device, thereby improving the channel utilization and performance of the LR-WPAN.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a broadcast implementation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of a response indication field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2B is a schematic structural diagram of another response indication field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart diagram of another broadcast implementation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadcast implementation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an FFD according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of an FFD according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an LR-WPAN according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for implementing a broadcast according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method is used in a LR-WPAN of a star networking mode, and the method includes:
  • the first device receives a broadcast frame sent by the coordinator, where the broadcast frame includes a response indication field, where the response indication field is used to indicate that multiple devices in the LR-WPAN respond in order;
  • the device in the LR-WPAN except the coordinator receives the broadcast frame, and the broadcast frame includes a response indication field in the present invention. Used to indicate that multiple devices are responding.
  • the plurality of devices are devices other than the coordinator in the LR-WPAN; the first device is one of the plurality of devices, and may be an RFD or an FFD.
  • the coordinator in the LR-WPAN when it needs to communicate with some devices, it can separately send a unicast frame to these devices, or can send a broadcast frame to all other devices in the LR-WPAN.
  • the method of transmitting a unicast frame multiple times occupies a large amount of resources of the coordinator and takes a long time; when a broadcast frame is sent, the device that the coordinator does not need to communicate also receives the broadcast frame, and needs to process and respond. The processing resources of these devices are wasted and the channel is occupied, which increases the probability of collision and reduces network performance.
  • the coordinator can specify the device that needs to respond.
  • the device that does not need to respond can discard the broadcast frame, improve channel utilization, and the device does not need to consume the resource listening channel to avoid idleness in order to avoid response conflict, and can improve the device.
  • Resource utilization which improves the performance of the entire LR-WPAN.
  • the response indication field includes a response indication bit corresponding to each identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device.
  • the number of response indication bits coincides with the number of IDs within the range of values of the identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device. Specifically, if the ID number of the device in the LR-WPAN is 8 bits, the invalid ID: 0x00 and the broadcast ID: 0xFF are removed, and the ID that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device is 254, that is, 0x01 to 0xFE.
  • the response indication field includes 254 response indication bits.
  • the first to the 254th bits respectively correspond to IDs: 0x01 to 0xFE, that is, the first bit corresponds to the ID: 0x01, the second bit corresponds to the ID: 0x02, ..., and the 254th bit corresponds to the ID: 0x FE.
  • the value of the response indication bit may be 1 to indicate that the device needs to respond, and the value of 0 indicates that the device does not need to respond; the response indication bit corresponding to the coordinator ID may always be set to zero. For example, if the coordinator specifies four devices whose IDs are 0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78 to respond to the broadcast frame, as shown in FIG.
  • the value of the response indication bit corresponding to the IDs of the four devices is 1, other The value of the response indication bit corresponding to the ID of the device that does not need to respond is zero.
  • the value of the response indicator bit may be 0 to indicate that the device needs to respond, the value 1 indicates that the device does not need to respond; and the response indication bit corresponding to the coordinator ID may always be set to 1.
  • the response indication field may also include only 253 response indication bits; wherein the first to the 253th bits respectively correspond to IDs: 0x02 to 0xFE.
  • the response indication field is a type-length-value (TLV) format, where the IDs of the multiple devices that need to respond are included. Specifically, if the coordinator wants to specify four devices whose IDs are 0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78 to answer the broadcast frame, the above four IDs are included in the value of the response indication field (0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78). ). For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the Type field occupies 4 bits, the Length field occupies 4 bits, and the value field includes the above 4 8-bit IDs.
  • TLV type-length-value
  • the first device acquires a response backoff time according to the response indication field, and starts from receiving the broadcast frame and arrives at the location.
  • a response frame is transmitted.
  • the method further includes discarding the broadcast frame if it is determined according to the response indication field that the broadcast frame does not need to be acknowledged.
  • the first device determines, according to the response indication field in the broadcast frame, whether the broadcast frame needs to be acknowledged; if it is determined according to the response indication field that the broadcast frame does not need to be acknowledged, the first device may record And the information in the broadcast frame, and then discarding the broadcast frame; if it is determined according to the response indication field that the broadcast frame needs to be replied, obtaining a response backoff time according to the response indication field, and receiving the The start of the broadcast frame and the arrival of the response backoff time, the response frame is transmitted.
  • the response order is an order in which the first device returns a response frame in the multiple devices indicated by the response indication field.
  • the response sequence is that the response indication bit corresponding to the ID of the first device is set to 1 (here, set to 1 indicates that the response needs to be All of the responses indicate the order in the bits.
  • the response order is an order in which the ID of the first device in the response indication field is in the IDs of the multiple devices.
  • the preset response duration may be a duration required for each device to make a response, which is a fixed value, which is generally not less than the length of time required for the device to actually respond, and may be an empirical value.
  • the preset response duration may be pre-configured or may be sent by the coordinator to the plurality of devices through the broadcast frame.
  • the response backoff time is: (response order -1) * preset response time length.
  • d denotes a preset response duration
  • k denotes a response order
  • t denotes a response backoff time
  • the response backoff time t (k-1)*d, where k is an integer greater than 1, d and t
  • the unit is usually in microseconds ( ⁇ s) or milliseconds (ms).
  • the response backoff time is calculated by each device responding (returning the response frame) within the preset response time.
  • the coordinator carries the IDs of 12 devices in the second possible implementation in the response indication field: 0x05, 0x16, 0x1F, 0x22, 0x2E, 0x47, 0x5A, 0x81, 0xAF, 0xB3, 0xCA and 0xD9 , instructing the 12 devices to answer the broadcast frame in order.
  • the ID of the first device is 0x05
  • the ID of the first device is 1 in the IDs of the 12 devices
  • the response order of the first device is 1, that is, the first device
  • the response indication field may carry the IDs of the multiple devices in an order from small to large (as shown in the above example), and may of course be as large as possible.
  • the order of the is the response order of the first device.
  • the IDs of the 12 devices are corresponding to The response indication bit is set to 1 (here, set to 1 indicates that a response needs to be made as an example). If the ID of the first device is 0x05, in all the response indication bits set to 1, the order of the response indication bits corresponding to the ID of the first device is 1, that is, the response order of the first device Is 1. If the ID of the first device is 0x5A, in all the response indication bits set to 1, the order of the response indication bits corresponding to the ID of the first device is 7, the response order of the first device is 7.
  • the response indication bits are sequentially arranged in the size of the corresponding ID; therefore, the response order of the first device is a response corresponding to the ID of the first device.
  • the order bit is in the order of all the response indication bits set to 1 (here, set to 1 to indicate that a response needs to be made).
  • the preset response duration is a total duration required by the coordinator to specify that the plurality of devices respond to the broadcast frame; the preset response duration may be broadcast by the coordinator through the broadcaster A frame is sent to the plurality of devices.
  • the method further includes: the first device acquiring the quantity of the multiple devices according to the response indication field;
  • the response backoff time is: (Response Order-1)* (default response duration/number of the plurality of devices).
  • d denotes a preset response duration
  • k denotes a response order
  • n denotes the number of the plurality of devices
  • t denotes a response backoff time
  • the response backoff time t (k-1)*(d/n)
  • k are integers greater than 1
  • the units of d and t are typically microseconds ( ⁇ s) or milliseconds (ms).
  • the coordinator specifies the total duration of the completion response for the plurality of devices, that is, the preset response duration, and calculates the response backoff time by occupying the preset response duration on average by each device.
  • the first device may first listen to the channel and resend the response frame if the channel is confirmed to be idle.
  • the invention is mainly applied to a coordinator that needs to communicate with some devices in the LR-WPAN. Scenes.
  • the existing technology can be used to send the broadcast frame and apply the CSMA/CA protocol to avoid the response conflict.
  • the technical solution of the present invention can also be used to send the broadcast including the response indication field.
  • the frame is configured to enable each device to obtain a response backoff time according to the response indication field, so as to avoid collision and multiple detection caused by random backoff.
  • the first device may determine, according to the response indication field included in the broadcast frame, whether the broadcast frame needs to be acknowledged, and when determining that the broadcast frame needs to be answered, obtain the response indication field according to the response indication field.
  • the response backoff time is calculated according to the response order, and the response frame is transmitted when the response backoff time is reached.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart diagram of another method for implementing a broadcast according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method is used in a LR-WPAN in a star networking mode, where the method includes:
  • the coordinator generates and sends a broadcast frame, where the broadcast frame includes a response indication field, where the response indication field is used to indicate that multiple devices in the LR-WPAN respond in response order.
  • the device in the LR-WPAN except the coordinator receives the broadcast frame.
  • the broadcast frame generated by the coordinator includes a response indication field for indicating The devices respond in response order.
  • the plurality of devices are devices other than the coordinator in the LR-WPAN, and may be an RFD or an FFD.
  • the coordinator in the LR-WPAN when it needs to communicate with some devices, it can separately send a unicast frame to these devices, or can send a broadcast frame to all devices in the LR-WPAN.
  • the method of transmitting a unicast frame multiple times occupies a large amount of resources of the coordinator and takes a long time; when a broadcast frame is sent, the device that the coordinator does not need to communicate also receives the broadcast frame, and needs to process and respond. Wasted the processing resources of these devices and occupied the channel, increasing the conflict Rate, reducing network performance.
  • the broadcast frame generated by the coordinator includes a response indication field, and the plurality of devices are designated to respond in response to the purpose of communicating with some devices in the LR-WPAN by means of the broadcast frame.
  • the resource utilization and communication efficiency of the coordinator can be improved, and the channel utilization rate is also improved.
  • the device that does not need to respond may discard the broadcast frame after receiving the broadcast frame, and the multiple devices respond in response order, so that the resource listening channel does not need to be consumed in order to avoid the response conflict.
  • the resource utilization of the plurality of devices is increased, thereby improving the performance of the entire LR-WPAN.
  • the response indication field includes a response indication bit corresponding to each identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device.
  • the number of response indication bits coincides with the number of IDs within the range of values of the identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device. Specifically, if the ID number of the device in the LR-WPAN is 8 bits, the invalid ID: 0x00 and the broadcast ID: 0xFF are removed, and the ID that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device is 254, that is, 0x01 to 0xFE.
  • the response indication field includes 254 response indication bits.
  • the first to the 254th bits respectively correspond to IDs: 0x01 to 0xFE, that is, the first bit corresponds to the ID: 0x01, the second bit corresponds to the ID: 0x02, ..., and the 254th bit corresponds to the ID: 0x FE.
  • the value of the response indication bit may be 1 to indicate that the device needs to respond, and the value of 0 indicates that the device does not need to respond; the response indication bit corresponding to the coordinator ID may always be set to zero. For example, if the coordinator specifies four devices whose IDs are 0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78 to respond to the broadcast frame, as shown in FIG.
  • the value of the response indication bit corresponding to the IDs of the four devices is 1, other The value of the response indication bit corresponding to the ID of the device that does not need to respond is zero.
  • the value of the response indicator bit may be 0 to indicate that the device needs to respond, the value 1 indicates that the device does not need to respond; and the response indication bit corresponding to the coordinator ID may always be set to 1.
  • the response indication field may also include only 253 applications. The indicator bit; wherein, the first to the 253bit correspond to the ID: 0x02 to 0xFE.
  • the response indication field is a type-length-value (TLV) format, where the IDs of the multiple devices that need to respond are included. Specifically, if the coordinator wants to specify four devices whose IDs are 0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78 to answer the broadcast frame, the above four IDs are included in the value of the response indication field (0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78). ). For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the Type field occupies 4 bits, the Length field occupies 4 bits, and the value field includes the above 4 8-bit IDs.
  • TLV type-length-value
  • the method may further include the coordinator determining IDs of the plurality of devices.
  • the coordinator generates the broadcast frame according to the IDs of the multiple devices; the response indication field in the broadcast frame adopts the foregoing first possible implementation manner or the second possible implementation manner.
  • the coordinator can simultaneously support the first possible implementation manner and the second possible implementation manner; and before the coordinator generates and sends the broadcast frame, the method further includes: the coordinator according to the pre It is assumed that the response indication field is determined, that is, the first possible implementation or the second possible implementation is selected.
  • the preset condition includes: when the number of the multiple devices that need to be answered is greater than a preset threshold, adopting a first possible implementation manner, that is, determining that the response indication field includes each of the LR-WPANs The response indication bit corresponding to the identifier; otherwise, the second possible implementation manner is adopted, that is, the response indication field is determined to be in a TLV format, including an identifier of the multiple devices.
  • the preset threshold may be Where n is the number of bits of the ID of the LR-WPAN. For example, when the ID number of the LR-WPAN is 8, the preset threshold is set to 32; when the number of devices to be answered is greater than 32, the first possible implementation manner is adopted; when the preset threshold is set to be less than or equal to At 32 o'clock, the second possible implementation is adopted. In this way, when the number of devices to be answered is small, the TLV directly carries the IDs of the devices that need to be answered, which can reduce the length of the broadcast frame, reduce the occupation of channel resources, and improve the processing efficiency of the device. Of course, except that the preset threshold is set to It can also be set to a larger or smaller value.
  • the preset condition may also be set according to other situations, for example, information carried by a broadcast frame or a purpose of transmitting a broadcast frame, for example, time synchronization, acquiring device parameters (such as transmission power, version information, sleep duration), and the like.
  • the coordinator generates the broadcast frame according to the IDs of the multiple devices, and specifically includes: the coordinator generates the broadcast according to the IDs of the multiple devices and the preset condition. a frame; the response indication field adopts the foregoing first possible implementation manner or the second possible implementation manner according to the preset condition.
  • the response order is an order in which the plurality of devices return a response frame indicated by the response indication field
  • the response order is an order of response indication bits corresponding to the IDs of the multiple devices.
  • the response order is an order of IDs of the multiple devices in the response indication field.
  • the coordinator may specify a total duration required for the plurality of devices to respond to the broadcast frame as a preset response duration.
  • the preset response duration is further included in the broadcast frame.
  • the coordinator may send the updated broadcast frame to the unacknowledged device of the multiple devices. Used to indicate that the unacknowledged devices of the plurality of devices are in response to the response The order is answered.
  • the length of time required for each device to respond may be specified as the preset response duration; the preset response duration is a fixed value, which is generally not less than the length of time required for the device to actually respond, and may be an empirical value.
  • the preset response duration may be pre-configured on each device, or may be sent by the coordinator to each device in the LR-WPAN through the broadcast frame or other manner.
  • the receiving the response frame returned by the multiple devices according to the response order includes:
  • the coordinator may send an updated broadcast frame to the unacknowledged device of the multiple devices, The device that indicates that the plurality of devices are not answered responds in response order.
  • the method may further include: the coordinator recording, according to the response frame returned by the multiple devices, a status and related information corresponding to each device, such as a device version, a transmit power, a sleep time, and the like.
  • the coordinator generates and sends a broadcast frame including a response indication field, and the response indication field indicates that multiple devices in the LR-WPAN respond in response order, and implement similar multicast by broadcasting.
  • Communication mechanism implementing communication between the coordinator and some devices in the LR-WPAN, compared with the prior art unicast or broadcast mode, can improve resource utilization and communication efficiency of the coordinator, and can also avoid multiple The broadcast response between devices conflicts, thereby improving the channel utilization and performance of the LR-WPAN.
  • the broadcast implementation device 40 includes a receiving module 401 and a processing module 402;
  • the receiving module 401 is configured to receive a broadcast frame sent by the coordinator, where the broadcast frame includes a response indication field, where the response indication field is used to indicate that multiple devices in the LR-WPAN respond in order;
  • the plurality of devices are devices other than the coordinator in the LR-WPAN, and may be an RFD or an FFD.
  • the broadcast implementation device 40 is deployed on a first one of the plurality of devices.
  • the first device may be an RFD or an FFD; in other words, the broadcast implementation device 40 may be deployed on the RFD or on the FFD.
  • the coordinator can specify the device that needs to respond by transmitting a response indication field in the frame.
  • the device that does not need to respond can discard the broadcast frame, improve channel utilization, and the device does not need to consume the resource listening channel to avoid idleness in order to avoid response conflict, and can improve the device.
  • Resource utilization which improves the performance of the entire LR-WPAN.
  • the response indication field includes a response indication bit corresponding to each identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device.
  • the number of response indication bits coincides with the number of IDs within the range of values of the identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device. Specifically, if the ID number of the device in the LR-WPAN is 8 bits, the invalid ID: 0x00 and the broadcast ID: 0xFF are removed, and the ID that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device is 254, that is, 0x01 to 0xFE.
  • the response indication field includes 254 response indication bits.
  • the first to the 254th bits respectively correspond to IDs: 0x01 to 0xFE, that is, the first bit corresponds to the ID: 0x01, the second bit corresponds to the ID: 0x02, ..., and the 254th bit corresponds to the ID: 0x FE.
  • the value of the response indication bit may be 1 to indicate that the device needs to respond, and the value of 0 indicates that the device does not need to respond; the response indication bit corresponding to the coordinator ID may always be set to zero.
  • the coordinator specifies an ID of 0x11, 0x15, The four devices 0x43 and 0x78 are to respond to the broadcast frame. Referring to FIG.
  • the value of the response indication bit corresponding to the IDs of the four devices is 1, and the IDs of other devices that do not need to respond are corresponding.
  • the value of the response indicator bit is 0.
  • the value of the response indicator bit may be 0 to indicate that the device needs to respond, the value 1 indicates that the device does not need to respond; and the response indication bit corresponding to the coordinator ID may always be set to 1.
  • the response indication field may also include only 253 response indication bits; wherein the first to the 253th bits respectively correspond to IDs: 0x02 to 0xFE.
  • the response indication field is a type length value TLV format, where the IDs of the multiple devices that need to respond are included. Specifically, if the coordinator wants to specify four devices whose IDs are 0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78 to answer the broadcast frame, the above four IDs are included in the value of the response indication field (0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78). ). For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the Type field occupies 4 bits, the Length field occupies 4 bits, and the value field includes the above 4 8-bit IDs.
  • the processing module 402 is configured to: when determining, according to the response indication field, that the broadcast frame needs to be acknowledged, obtain a response backoff time according to the response indication field, and start from receiving the broadcast frame, When the response backoff time is reached, a response frame is transmitted.
  • the processing module 402 is further configured to: discard the broadcast frame when it is determined that the broadcast frame does not need to be acknowledged according to the response indication field; and may also be used to record information in the broadcast frame.
  • the processing module 402 is configured to determine, according to the response indication field in the broadcast frame, whether the broadcast frame needs to be acknowledged; if it is determined according to the response indication field that the broadcast frame does not need to be acknowledged, The information in the broadcast frame may be recorded, and then the broadcast frame is discarded; if it is determined according to the response indication field that the broadcast frame needs to be acknowledged, the response backoff time is obtained according to the response indication field, and the received backoff time is received.
  • the response frame is transmitted when the broadcast frame starts and when the response backoff time is reached.
  • the processing module 402 is configured to acquire a response sequence of the first device according to the response indication field, and calculate the response backoff time according to a preset response duration and the response sequence; The first device returns an order of the response frames in the plurality of devices indicated by the response indication field.
  • the response sequence is that the response indication bit corresponding to the ID of the first device is set to 1 (here, set to 1 indicates that the response needs to be All of the responses indicate the order in the bits.
  • the response order is an order in which the ID of the first device in the response indication field is in the IDs of the multiple devices.
  • the preset response duration may be a duration required for each device to make a response, which is a fixed value, which is generally not less than the length of time required for the device to actually respond, and may be an empirical value.
  • the preset response duration may be pre-configured or may be sent by the coordinator to the plurality of devices through the broadcast frame.
  • the response backoff time is: (response order -1) * preset response time length.
  • d denotes a preset response duration
  • k denotes a response order
  • t denotes a response backoff time
  • the response backoff time t (k-1)*d, where k is an integer greater than 1, d and t
  • the unit is usually in microseconds ( ⁇ s) or milliseconds (ms).
  • the response backoff time is calculated by each device responding (returning the response frame) within the preset response time.
  • the coordinator carries the IDs of 12 devices in the second possible implementation in the response indication field: 0x05, 0x16, 0x1F, 0x22, 0x2E, 0x47, 0x5A, 0x81, 0xAF, 0xB3, 0xCA and 0xD9 , instructing the 12 devices to answer the broadcast frame in order.
  • the ID of the first device is 0x05
  • the ID of the first device is 1 in the IDs of the 12 devices
  • the response order of the first device is 1, that is, the first device
  • the response indication field may carry the IDs of the multiple devices in an order from small to large (as shown in the above example), and may of course be as large as possible.
  • the order of the is the response order of the first device.
  • the response indication bits corresponding to the IDs of the 12 devices are all set to 1 (here A value of 1 indicates that a response is required as an example). If the ID of the first device is 0x05, in all the response indication bits set to 1, the order of the response indication bits corresponding to the ID of the first device is 1, that is, the response order of the first device Is 1. If the ID of the first device is 0x5A, in all the response indication bits set to 1, the order of the response indication bits corresponding to the ID of the first device is 7, the response order of the first device is 7.
  • the response indication bits are sequentially arranged in the size of the corresponding ID; therefore, the response order of the first device is a response corresponding to the ID of the first device.
  • the order bit is in the order of all the response indication bits set to 1 (here, set to 1 to indicate that a response needs to be made).
  • the preset response duration is a total duration required by the coordinator to specify that the multiple devices respond to the broadcast frame; the preset response duration may be by the association
  • the tuner is sent to the plurality of devices through the broadcast frame.
  • processing module 402 is further configured to acquire the quantity of the multiple devices according to the response indication field;
  • the response backoff time is: (Response Order-1)* (default response duration/number of the plurality of devices).
  • d denotes a preset response duration
  • k denotes a response order
  • n denotes the number of the plurality of devices
  • t denotes a response backoff time
  • the response backoff time t (k-1)*(d/n)
  • k are integers greater than 1
  • the units of d and t are typically microseconds ( ⁇ s) or milliseconds (ms).
  • the coordinator specifies the total duration of the completion response for the plurality of devices, that is, the preset response duration, and calculates the response backoff time by occupying the preset response duration on average by each device.
  • the processing module 402 is further configured to: when the acknowledgement backoff time is reached, first listen to the channel, and resend the response frame if the acknowledgement channel is idle.
  • the broadcast implementation apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be deployed on an RFD or FFD device of the LR-WPAN, and cooperates with the coordinator to implement communication between the coordinator and some devices in the LR-WPAN.
  • the existing technology can be used to transmit the broadcast frame and apply the CSMA/CA protocol to avoid the response conflict.
  • the broadcast response device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also be used for each device. Obtaining a response backoff time according to the response indication field, avoiding random backoff causing collision and multiple detections.
  • the broadcast implementation apparatus may determine, according to the response indication field included in the broadcast frame, whether the broadcast frame needs to be acknowledged, and when determining that the broadcast frame needs to be answered, obtain the response sequence according to the response indication field.
  • the response backoff time is calculated based on the response order, and the response frame is transmitted when the response backoff time is reached. In this way, the response conflict between devices can be avoided, the resource utilization and communication efficiency of the device can be improved, thereby improving the channel utilization and performance of the entire LR-WPAN.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to a LR-WPAN in a star networking mode, and is used to implement the broadcast implementation method shown in FIG. 1 of the present invention.
  • the first device 50 includes a processor 501, a memory 502, a wireless communication interface 503, and a bus 504.
  • the first device can be an RFD or an FFD.
  • the processor 501, the memory 502 and the wireless communication interface 503 are connected to each other through the bus 504.
  • the bus 504 may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus, or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, or a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus. Wait.
  • PCI peripheral component interconnect
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
  • the bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is shown in Figure 5, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the wireless communication interface 503 is configured to send and receive wireless radio frequency signals
  • the memory 502 is configured to store a program.
  • the program can include program code, the program code including computer operating instructions.
  • the memory 502 may include a random access memory (RAM), and may also include a non-volatile memory such as at least one disk storage.
  • the wireless communication interface 503 is specifically configured to receive a broadcast frame sent by the coordinator, where the broadcast frame includes a response indication field, where the response indication field is used to indicate that multiple devices in the LR-WPAN respond in order;
  • the processor 501 executes the program stored in the memory 502, and is used to implement the broadcast response method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, including:
  • the broadcast frame may be discarded if it is determined according to the response indication field that the broadcast frame does not need to be acknowledged.
  • the response indication field includes a response indication bit corresponding to each identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device.
  • the number of response indication bits coincides with the number of IDs within the range of values of the identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device. Specifically, if the ID number of the device in the LR-WPAN is 8 bits, the invalid ID: 0x00 and the broadcast ID: 0xFF are removed, and the ID that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device is 254, that is, 0x01 to 0xFE.
  • the response indication field includes 254 response indication bits.
  • the first to the 254th bits respectively correspond to IDs: 0x01 to 0xFE, that is, the first bit corresponds to the ID: 0x01, the second bit corresponds to the ID: 0x02, ..., and the 254th bit corresponds to the ID: 0x FE.
  • the value of the response indication bit may be 1 to indicate that the device needs to respond, and the value of 0 indicates that the device does not need to respond; the response indication bit corresponding to the coordinator ID may always be set to zero. For example, if the coordinator specifies four devices whose IDs are 0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78 to respond to the broadcast frame, as shown in FIG.
  • the value of the response indication bit corresponding to the IDs of the four devices is 1, other The value of the response indication bit corresponding to the ID of the device that does not need to respond is zero.
  • the value of the response indicator bit may be 0 to indicate that the device needs to respond, the value 1 indicates that the device does not need to respond; and the response indication bit corresponding to the coordinator ID may always be set to 1.
  • the response indication field may also include only 253 response indication bits; wherein the first to the 253th bits respectively correspond to IDs: 0x02 to 0xFE.
  • the response indication field is a TLV format, where the IDs of the multiple devices that need to respond are included. Specifically, if the coordinator wants to specify four devices whose IDs are 0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78 to answer the broadcast frame, the above four IDs are included in the value of the response indication field (0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78). ). For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the Type field occupies 4 bits, the Length field occupies 4 bits, and the value field includes the above 4 8-bit IDs.
  • the response order is an order in which the first device returns a response frame in the multiple devices indicated by the response indication field.
  • the preset response duration may be a duration required for each device to make a response, which is a fixed value, which is generally not less than the length of time required for the device to actually respond, and may be an empirical value.
  • the preset response duration may be pre-configured or may be sent by the coordinator to the plurality of devices through the broadcast frame.
  • the response backoff time is (response order-1)* the preset response duration.
  • d denotes a preset response duration
  • k denotes a response order
  • t denotes a response backoff time
  • the response backoff time t (k-1)*d, where k is an integer greater than 1, d and t
  • the unit is usually in microseconds ( ⁇ s) or milliseconds (ms).
  • the preset response duration is a total duration required by the coordinator to specify that the plurality of devices respond to the broadcast frame; the preset response duration may be broadcast by the coordinator through the broadcaster A frame is sent to the plurality of devices.
  • the method further includes: the first device acquiring the quantity of the multiple devices according to the response indication field;
  • the response backoff time is: (Response Order-1)* (default response duration/number of the plurality of devices).
  • d denotes a preset response duration
  • k denotes a response order
  • n denotes the number of the plurality of devices
  • t denotes a response backoff time
  • the response backoff time t (k-1)*(d/n)
  • k, n are integers greater than 1
  • the units of d and t are typically microseconds ( ⁇ s) or milliseconds (ms).
  • the channel may be first listened to and The acknowledgement frame is transmitted again if the channel is confirmed to be idle.
  • the processor 501 may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP processor, etc.), or a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit. (ASIC), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • NP processor network processor
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • the first device receives the broadcast frame including the response indication field sent by the coordinator, and if the response is required, calculates the response backoff time according to the preset response duration and the response sequence, and performs the broadcast frame according to the response backoff time. Answer; if no response is required, the broadcast frame can be discarded directly.
  • the device that needs to respond sends a response frame according to the response backoff time, which can avoid broadcast response collision, avoid collision and multiple detection caused by random backoff, and improve channel utilization. Meanwhile, the device that does not need to respond does not consume resource detection. Whether the channel is idle or not to avoid response conflicts can improve the resource utilization and communication efficiency of the device, thereby improving the channel utilization and performance of the entire LR-WPAN.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an FFD according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to a LR-WPAN in a star networking mode, where the FFD 60 includes: a generating module 601, a sending module 602, and a receiving module 603.
  • the FFD 60 as a coordinator in the LR-WPAN, implements another broadcast implementation method shown in FIG. 3 of the present invention.
  • the generating module 601 is configured to generate a broadcast frame, where the broadcast frame includes a response indication field, where the response indication field is used to indicate that multiple devices in the LR-WPAN respond in response order; Said that the response indication field indicates The order in which the devices return the response frame;
  • the plurality of devices are devices other than the coordinator in the LR-WPAN, and may be an RFD or an FFD.
  • the sending module 602 is configured to send the broadcast frame.
  • the device other than the FFD 60 in the LR-WPAN will receive the broadcast frame.
  • the plurality of devices are instructed to respond in response order by a response indication field in the broadcast frame.
  • the coordinator when the coordinator needs to communicate with some devices, it is usually possible to separately send a unicast frame to these devices, or send a broadcast frame to all devices in the LR-WPAN.
  • the method of transmitting a unicast frame multiple times occupies a large amount of resources of the coordinator and takes a long time; when a broadcast frame is sent, the device that the coordinator does not need to communicate also receives the broadcast frame, and needs to process and respond. The processing resources of these devices are wasted and the channel is occupied, which increases the probability of collision and reduces network performance.
  • the broadcast frame generated by the FFD 60 includes a response indication field, and the plurality of devices are designated to respond in response order to achieve the purpose of communicating with some devices in the LR-WPAN by means of the broadcast frame.
  • the device that does not need to answer may discard the broadcast frame after receiving the broadcast frame.
  • the equipment other than the coordinator in the LR-WPAN does not need to consume the resource listening channel in order to avoid the response conflict, and can also improve the resource utilization of the device other than the coordinator, thereby improving the performance of the entire LR-WPAN.
  • the response indication field includes a response indication bit corresponding to each identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device.
  • the number of response indication bits coincides with the number of IDs within the range of values of the identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device. Specifically, if the ID number of the device in the LR-WPAN is 8 bits, the invalid ID: 0x00 and the broadcast ID: 0xFF are removed, and the ID that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device is 254, that is, 0x01 to 0xFE.
  • the response indication field includes 254
  • Each of the first to the 254th bits corresponds to an ID: 0x01 to 0xFE, that is, the first bit corresponds to the ID: 0x01, the second bit corresponds to the ID: 0x02, ..., and the 254th bit corresponds to the ID: 0x FE.
  • the value of the response indication bit may be 1 to indicate that the device needs to respond, and the value of 0 indicates that the device does not need to respond; the response indication bit corresponding to the coordinator ID may always be set to zero. For example, if the coordinator specifies four devices whose IDs are 0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78 to respond to the broadcast frame, as shown in FIG.
  • the value of the response indication bit corresponding to the IDs of the four devices is 1, other The value of the response indication bit corresponding to the ID of the device that does not need to respond is zero.
  • the value of the response indicator bit may be 0 to indicate that the device needs to respond, the value 1 indicates that the device does not need to respond; and the response indication bit corresponding to the coordinator ID may always be set to 1.
  • the response indication field may also include only 253 response indication bits; wherein the first to the 253th bits respectively correspond to IDs: 0x02 to 0xFE.
  • the response indication field is a TLV format, where the IDs of the multiple devices that need to respond are included. Specifically, if the coordinator wants to specify four devices whose IDs are 0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78 to answer the broadcast frame, the above four IDs are included in the value of the response indication field (0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78). ). For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the Type field occupies 4 bits, the Length field occupies 4 bits, and the value field includes the above 4 8-bit IDs.
  • the response order is an order of response indication bits corresponding to the IDs of the multiple devices.
  • the response order is an order of IDs of the multiple devices in the response indication field.
  • the FFD 60 further includes a determining module for determining IDs of the plurality of devices.
  • the generating module 601 is specifically configured to generate the broadcast frame according to the IDs of the multiple devices, where the response indication field adopts the foregoing first possible implementation manner or the second The way to achieve.
  • the FFD 60 can simultaneously support the first possible implementation and the second possible implementation.
  • the generating module 601 is further configured to determine the response indication field according to a preset condition, that is, select to use the first possible implementation manner or the second possible implementation manner.
  • the preset condition includes: when the number of the multiple devices that need to be answered is greater than a preset threshold, adopting a first possible implementation manner, that is, determining that the response indication field includes each of the LR-WPANs The response indication bit corresponding to the identifier; otherwise, the second possible implementation manner is adopted, that is, the response indication field is determined to be in a TLV format, including an identifier of the multiple devices.
  • the preset threshold may be Where n is the ID number of the LR-WPAN.
  • the preset threshold is set to 32; when the number of devices to be answered is greater than 32, the first possible implementation manner is adopted; when the preset threshold is set to be less than or equal to At 32 o'clock, the second possible implementation is adopted.
  • the TLV directly carries the IDs of the devices that need to be answered, which can reduce the length of the broadcast frame, reduce the occupation of channel resources, and improve the processing efficiency of the device.
  • the preset threshold is set to It can also be set larger or smaller.
  • the preset condition may also be set according to other situations, for example, information carried by a broadcast frame or a purpose of transmitting a broadcast frame.
  • the generating module 601 is specifically configured to generate the broadcast frame according to the IDs of the multiple devices and the preset condition; the response indication field adopts the foregoing first possibility according to the preset condition The implementation or the second possible implementation.
  • the receiving module 603 is configured to receive a response frame returned by the multiple devices according to the response sequence.
  • the coordinator may specify a total duration required for the plurality of devices to respond to the broadcast frame as a preset response duration.
  • the preset response duration is further included in the broadcast frame.
  • the receiving module 603 is specifically configured to be within the preset response duration. Receiving a response frame returned by the plurality of devices according to the response order.
  • the length of time required for each device to respond may be specified as the preset response duration; the preset response duration is a fixed value, which is generally not less than the length of time required for the device to actually respond, and may be an empirical value.
  • the preset response duration may be pre-configured on each device, or may be sent by the coordinator to each device in the LR-WPAN through the broadcast frame or other manner.
  • the receiving module 603 is specifically configured to determine a response waiting period according to the preset response duration and the number of the multiple devices, and receive the multiple devices according to the response sequence in the response waiting period. The response frame returned.
  • the FFD 60 may further include: a recording module, configured to record a status and related information, such as a device version, a transmit power, a sleep time, and the like, corresponding to each device according to the response frame returned by the multiple devices.
  • a recording module configured to record a status and related information, such as a device version, a transmit power, a sleep time, and the like, corresponding to each device according to the response frame returned by the multiple devices.
  • the FFD provided by the embodiment of the present invention generates and sends a broadcast frame including a response indication field, where the response indication field indicates that multiple devices respond in response order, and broadcasts a multicast-like communication mechanism to implement the coordinator and the
  • the communication of some devices in the LR-WPAN can improve the resource utilization and communication efficiency of the coordinator compared to the unicast or broadcast mode of the prior art, and can also avoid the broadcast response conflict between multiple devices, thereby improving the The channel utilization and performance of LR-WPAN.
  • FIG. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of an FFD according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to a LR-WPAN in a star networking mode.
  • the FFD 70 includes a processor 701, a memory 702, a wireless communication interface 703, and a bus 704.
  • the FFD 70 as a coordinator in the LR-WPAN, implements another broadcast implementation method shown in FIG. 3 of the present invention.
  • Bus 704 can be a PCI bus, or an EISA, or an SPI bus.
  • the bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is shown in Figure 7, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the wireless communication interface 703 is configured to send and receive wireless radio frequency signals
  • the memory 702 is configured to store a program.
  • the program can include program code, the program code including computer operating instructions.
  • Memory 702 may be RAM, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage.
  • the processor 701 executes the program stored in the memory 702, and is used to implement the broadcast implementation method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, including:
  • the broadcast frame includes a response indication field, where the response indication field is used to indicate that multiple devices in the LR-WPAN respond in response order;
  • the response order is an order in which the plurality of devices return a response frame indicated by the response indication field.
  • the response indication field includes a response indication bit corresponding to each identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device.
  • the number of response indication bits coincides with the number of IDs within the range of values of the identifier that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device. Specifically, if the ID number of the device in the LR-WPAN is 8 bits, the invalid ID: 0x00 and the broadcast ID: 0xFF are removed, and the ID that the LR-WPAN can assign to the device is 254, that is, 0x01 to 0xFE.
  • the response indication field includes 254 response indication bits.
  • the first to the 254th bits respectively correspond to IDs: 0x01 to 0xFE, that is, the first bit corresponds to the ID: 0x01, the second bit corresponds to the ID: 0x02, ..., and the 254th bit corresponds to the ID: 0x FE.
  • the value of the response indication bit can be 1 to indicate that the device needs A response is made, a value of 0 indicates that the device does not need to respond; the response indication bit corresponding to the coordinator ID can always be set to zero. For example, if the coordinator specifies four devices whose IDs are 0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78 to respond to the broadcast frame, as shown in FIG.
  • the value of the response indication bit corresponding to the IDs of the four devices is 1, other The value of the response indication bit corresponding to the ID of the device that does not need to respond is zero.
  • the value of the response indicator bit may be 0 to indicate that the device needs to respond, the value 1 indicates that the device does not need to respond; and the response indication bit corresponding to the coordinator ID may always be set to 1.
  • the response indication field may also include only 253 response indication bits; wherein the first to the 253th bits respectively correspond to IDs: 0x02 to 0xFE.
  • the response indication field is a TLV format, where the IDs of the multiple devices that need to be answered are included. Specifically, if the coordinator wants to specify four devices whose IDs are 0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78 to answer the broadcast frame, the above four IDs are included in the value of the response indication field (0x11, 0x15, 0x43, and 0x78). ). For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the Type field occupies 4 bits, the Length field occupies 4 bits, and the value field includes the above 4 8-bit IDs.
  • the response order is an order of response indication bits corresponding to the IDs of the multiple devices.
  • the response order is an order of IDs of the multiple devices in the response indication field.
  • the method can also include determining IDs of the plurality of devices.
  • the generating the broadcast frame comprises: generating the broadcast frame according to the IDs of the multiple devices; and the response indication field in the broadcast frame adopts the first possible implementation manner or the second possible Method to realize.
  • the coordinator can simultaneously support the first possible implementation manner and the second possible implementation manner; the coordinator can select to use the first possible implementation manner or the second possible one according to a preset condition.
  • the preset condition includes: when the number of devices to be answered is greater than a preset threshold, adopting a first possible implementation manner; otherwise, adopting a second possible implementation manner.
  • the preset threshold may be Where n is the ID number of the LR-WPAN. For example, when the ID number of the LR-WPAN is 8, the preset threshold is set to 32; when the number of devices to be answered is greater than 32, the first possible implementation manner is adopted; when the preset threshold is set to be less than or equal to At 32 o'clock, the second possible implementation is adopted.
  • the TLV directly carries the IDs of the devices that need to be answered, which can reduce the length of the broadcast frame, reduce the occupation of channel resources, and improve the processing efficiency of the device.
  • the preset threshold is set to It can also be set larger or smaller.
  • the preset condition may also be set according to other situations, for example, information carried by a broadcast frame or a purpose of transmitting a broadcast frame.
  • the generating the broadcast frame according to the IDs of the multiple devices specifically: generating the broadcast frame according to the IDs of the multiple devices and the preset condition;
  • the field adopts the above first possible implementation manner or the second possible implementation manner according to the preset condition.
  • the total duration required for the plurality of devices to respond to the broadcast frame may be specified as a preset response duration.
  • the preset response duration is further included in the broadcast frame.
  • the receiving the response frame returned by the multiple devices according to the response order specifically includes: determining a response waiting period according to a preset response duration and the number of the plurality of devices; and receiving the response waiting period The plurality of devices according to the response times The response frame returned by the sequence.
  • the wireless communication interface 703 is specifically configured to send the broadcast frame, and receive a response frame returned by the multiple devices.
  • the method may further include:
  • the status and related information corresponding to each device are recorded.
  • the FFD provided by the embodiment of the present invention generates and sends a broadcast frame including a response indication field, where the response indication field indicates that multiple devices in the LR-WPAN respond in response order, and broadcasts a multicast-like communication mechanism.
  • Implementing communication between the coordinator and some devices in the LR-WPAN can improve the resource utilization and communication efficiency of the coordinator compared to the prior art unicast or broadcast mode, and can also avoid broadcast response conflicts between multiple devices. , thereby improving the channel utilization and performance of the entire LR-WPAN.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a LR-WPAN in a star networking manner according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a coordinator 801 and a plurality of devices 802.
  • the coordinator 801 is an FFD;
  • the device 802 is a non-coordinator device, and may be an RFD or an FFD, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • the working principle, structure and function of the FTD 60 or the FFD 70 refer to the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 7 of the present invention, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 of the present invention for details of the working principle, structure and function of the first device 40 or 50 of the device 802 as shown in the embodiment of the present invention, refer to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 of the present invention, and details are not described herein again. .

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种广播实现方法，第一设备接收协调器发送的广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，用于指示LR-WPAN中的多个设备按照次序作出应答，若根据所述应答指示字段确定需要对所述广播帧做出应答，所述第一设备根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间，并在到达所述应答退避时间时发送应答帧。本发明实施例还公开了一种广播实现装置和LR-WPAN。采用本发明技术方案，协调器通过广播帧中的应答指示字段，可以指定需要通信的部分设备按序应答，既可以提高协调器的资源利用率和通信效率，还可以避免设备间的应答冲突，提高LR-WPAN的信道利用率和性能。

Description

广播实现方法、装置和设备 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种广播实现方法、装置和设备。
背景技术
低速率无线个人区域网(low-rate wireless personal area network，简称LR-WPAN)，是指在一个区域内使用相同无线信道并遵循电气和电子工程师协会(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers，简称IEEE)802.15.4标准相互通信的一组设备的集合，又称为IEEE 802.15.4网络。IEEE 802.15.4标准规定了LR-WPAN的物理层和媒体访问控制。
LR-WPAN中的设备，基于通信能力，分为全功能设备(full-function device，简称FFD)和精简功能设备(reduced-function device，简称RFD)。FFD之间，FFD与RFD之间可以直接通信；RFD之间不能直接通信，RFD只能与FFD通信，通过FFD转发数据。每个LR-WPAN中都需要至少一个FFD设备充当网络的协调器(coordinator)。协调器除了直接参与应用以外，还负责LR-WPAN中成员身份管理、链路状态信息管理以及分组转发等任务。RFD主要用于较简单的应用，例如，灯的开关，被动式红外线传感器等，需要传输的数据量较少，对传输资源和通信资源占用不多，因此RFD可以采用低成本的实现方案。
LR-WPAN中的每个设备会被分配一个标识符(identifier，简称ID)，用于在该LR-WPAN中通信，并唯一标识该LR-WPAN中的设备。根据LR-WPAN的规模和部署，ID的位数可以为16位(bit)，8位等。以LR-WPAN中设备的ID位数为16bit为例，其中0x0000为无效ID， 0xFFFF为广播ID，该LR-WPAN可分配给设备的标识符的取值范围为0x0001～0xFFFE，即，该取值范围内的每个标识可分配给该LR-WPAN中的一个设备。协调器的ID可以固定，例如为0x0001；除协调器之外的其他设备的ID可以由协调器自动分配，也可以手动配置。假设协调器的ID为0x0001，则LR-WPAN中除协调器之外的其他设备的ID的取值在0x0002～0xFFFE范围内。
LR-WPAN中经常有广播帧的发送和应答的需求，由于所有设备共享同一个信道，在采用星型组网方式的LR-WPAN中，设备对于广播帧应答经常发生冲突。为避免LR-WPAN中广播帧应答冲突，通常采用载波侦听多路访问/碰撞避免(carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance，简称CSMA/CA)协议主动避免碰撞。CSMA/CA的基本机制是：设备在发送帧(frame)之前先侦听信道，如果信道空闲则可以发送帧；否则，就要随机退避，即延迟/等待一段随机的时间，然后再侦听信道。延迟/等待的时间是随着退避次数成指数增长的，即，如果上一次延迟/等待后再次侦听信道，信道仍然忙，则延迟/等待的时间要增倍，设备要等待更多的时间，以避免设备频繁地侦听。如果网络中存在大量设备，例如超过1000个设备时，冲突概率显著增大，CSMA/CA的随机退避机制效率将大大下降，影响LR-WPAN的通信性能。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种广播实现方法、装置和LR-WPAN，LR-WPAN中的协调器在发送包括应答指示字段的广播帧，指示所述LR-WPAN中的多个设备按照次序作出应答，从而可以避免所述LR-WPAN中多个设备间的广播应答冲突，提高所述LR-WPAN的信道 利用率和性能。
第一方面，提供了一种广播实现方法，用于低速率无线个人区域网LR-WPAN中，该方法包括：
第一设备接收协调器发送的广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示所述LR-WPAN中的多个设备按照次序作出应答；
若根据所述应答指示字段确定需要对所述广播帧做出应答，则所述第一设备根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间，并从收到所述广播帧开始、在到达所述应答退避时间时，发送应答帧。
在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：
若根据所述应答指示字段确定不需要对所述广播帧做出应答，丢弃所述广播帧。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间包括：
根据所述应答指示字段获取所述第一设备的应答次序；
根据预设应答时长和所述应答次序，计算得到所述应答退避时间；所述应答次序是指所述第一设备在所述应答指示字段所指示的所述多个设备中返回应答帧的次序。
根据第一方面和第一方面的第一种和第二种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位。
根据第一方面和第一方面的第一种和第二种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段为类型长度 值(type-length-value,简称TLV)格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。
第二方面，提供了一种广播实现方法，用于LR-WPAN中，该方法包括：
协调器生成并发送广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示所述LR-WPAN中的多个设备按照应答次序作出应答；
接收所述多个设备按照所述应答次序返回的应答帧；
所述应答次序为所述应答指示字段所指示的所述多个设备返回应答帧的次序。
在第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位。
在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段为TLV格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符
根据第二方面的第一种或第二种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，在所述协调器生成所述广播帧之前，所述方法还包括：
所述协调器按照预设条件，确定所述应答指示字段。
根据第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述协调器按照预设条件，确定所述应答指示字段包括：
当所述多个设备的数量大于预设阈值时，确定所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位；
否则，确定所述应答指示字段为TLV格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。
根据第二方面的第三种或第四种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，在所述协调器按照预设条件确定所述应答指示字段之前，所述方法还包括：所述协调器确定所述多个设备的标识符。
根据第二方面和第二方面的第一种至第五种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第二方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，所述接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧，具体包括：
根据预设应答时长和所述多个设备的数量，确定应答等待周期；
在所述应答等待周期内，接收所述多个设备依次返回的应答帧。
第三方面，提供了一种广播实现装置，用于LR-WPAN中，该装置包括：
接收模块，用于接收协调器发送的广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示所述LR-WPAN中的多个设备按照次序作出应答；
处理模块，用于当根据所述应答指示字段，确定需要对所述广播帧做出应答时，根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间，并从收到所述广播帧开始、在到达所述应答退避时间时，发送应答帧；
所述广播实现装置部署在所述多个设备中的第一设备上。
在第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理模块，还用于在根据所述应答指示字段确定不需要对所述广播帧做出应答时，丢弃所述广播帧。
根据第三方面或第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第三方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述处理模块，具体用于根据所述应答指示字段获取所述第一设备的应答次序；根据预设应答时长和所述应答次序，计算得到所述应答退避时间；所述应答次序为所述第一设备 在所述应答指示字段所述指示的所述多个设备中返回应答帧的次序。
根据第三方面或第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第三方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位；或者，所述应答指示字段为TLV格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。
第四方面，提供了一种FFD，用于LR-WPAN中，该FFD包括：
生成模块，生成广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示多个设备作出应答；
发送模块，用于发送所述广播帧；
接收模块，用于接收所述多个设备依次返回的应答帧。
在第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位；或者，所述应答指示字段为TLV格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。
根据第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述生成模块，还用于按照预设条件，确定所述应答指示字段。
根据第四方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述生成模块，具体用于当需要应答的所述多个设备数量大于预设阈值时，确定所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位；否则确定所述应答指示字段为TLV格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。
根据第四方面和第四方面的第一种至第三种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第四方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述接收模块，具体用于根据预设应答时长和所述多个设备的数量，确定应答等待周期；并在所述应答等待周期内，接收所述多个设备依次返回的应答帧。
第五方面，本发明提供了一种LR-WPAN，包括：协调器和多个设备；其中，所述协调器为上述第四方面或第四方面任一种可能的实现方式中所述的FFD；所述多个设备中每个设备包括如上述第三方面或第三方面任一种可能的实现方式中所述的广播实现装置。
采用本发明实施例提供的技术方案，协调器生成并发送包括应答指示字段的广播帧，通过该应答指示字段指示LR-WPAN中多个设备按照应答次序作出应答，以广播实现类似组播的通信机制，实现协调器与所述LR-WPAN中部分设备的通信，相比于传统的单播或广播方式，可以提高协调器的资源利用率和通信效率。同时，所述多个设备中的各个设备根据所述应答指示字段获取各自的应答次序，根据各自的应答次序计算得到应答退避时间，并在到达应答退避时间时才发送应答帧，可以避免多个设备间的广播应答冲突，提高各个设备的资源利用率，从而提高所述LR-WPAN的信道利用率和性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种广播实现方法的流程示意图；
图2A是本发明实施例提供的一种应答指示字段的结构示意图；
图2B是本发明实施例提供的另一种应答指示字段的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的另一种广播实现方法的流程示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的广播实现装置的结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的第一设备的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例提供的FFD的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例提供的FFD的另一结构示意图；
图8是本发明实施例提供的LR-WPAN示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明实施例作进一步详细的说明。
参见图1，为本发明实施例提供的一种广播实现方法的流程示意图，用于星型组网方式的LR-WPAN中，该方法包括：
101、第一设备接收协调器发送的广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示所述LR-WPAN中多个设备按照次序作出应答；
所述LR-WPAN中的协调器发送广播帧时，所述LR-WPAN中除所述协调器之外的其他设备均会收到该广播帧，本发明中该广播帧中包括应答指示字段，用于指示多个设备作出应答。所述多个设备是所述LR-WPAN中除所述协调器之外的设备；所述第一设备是所述多个设备中的一个，可以是RFD或FFD。
通常，LR-WPAN中协调器需要与部分设备通信时，可以向这些设备分别发送单播帧，也可以发送广播帧给LR-WPAN中其他所有设备。但是，多次发送单播帧的方式，占用协调器的大量资源且耗时较长；发送广播帧的方式，协调器不需要通信的设备也会收到该广播帧，并要处理和应答，浪费了这些设备的处理资源并占用信道，增加冲突概率，降低了网络性能。
本发明中，通过在广播帧中扩展应答指示字段，协调器可以指定需要作出应答的设备。根据该应答指示字段，不需要应答的设备收到该广播帧后，可以丢弃该广播帧，提高了信道利用率，并且设备无需为了避免应答冲突而消耗资源侦听信道是否空闲，可以提高设备的资源利用率，从而提高了整个LR-WPAN的性能。
第一种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位。应答指示位的数量与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的标识符的取值范围内的ID数量一致。具体来说，如果LR-WPAN中设备的ID位数是8位，则除去无效ID：0x00和广播ID：0xFF，该LR-WPAN可分配给设备的的ID有254个，即0x01～0xFE，则该应答指示字段包括254个应答指示位；其中，第1～254bit分别对应ID：0x01～0xFE，即，第1bit对应ID：0x01，第2bit对应ID：0x02，……，第254bit对应ID：0x FE。进一步地，可以用应答指示位的值为1表示设备需要作出应答，值为0表示设备不需要作出应答；可以将协调器ID对应的应答指示位总是设置为0。例如，协调器指定ID为0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78的四个设备要对广播帧作出应答，则参见图2A所示，与该四个设备的ID对应的应答指示位的值为1，其他不需要做出应答的设备的ID对应的应答指示位的值为0。当然也可以用应答指示位的值为0表示设备需要作出应答，值为1表示设备不需要作出应答；并且可以将协调器ID对应的应答指示位总是设置为1。可选地，如果协调器的ID固定为0x01，该应答指示字段也可以仅包括253个应答指示位；其中，第1～253bit分别对应ID：0x02～0xFE。
第二种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段为类型长度值(type-length-value,简称TLV)格式，其中包括需要作出应答的所述多个设备的IDs。具体来说，如果协调器要指定ID为0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78的四个设备应答该广播帧，则在所述应答指示字段的value中包括上述四个IDs(0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78)。例如，如图2B所示，Type字段占4位，Length字段占4位，value字段包括上述4个8位的IDs。
102、若根据所述应答指示字段确定需要对所述广播帧做出应答，则所述第一设备根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间，并从收到所述广播帧开始、在到达所述应答退避时间时，发送应答帧。
所述方法还包括：若根据所述应答指示字段确定不需要对所述广播帧做出应答，可以丢弃所述广播帧。
具体地，所述第一设备根据所述广播帧中的所述应答指示字段判断是否需要应答所述广播帧；若根据所述应答指示字段确定不需要对所述广播帧做出应答，可以记录所述广播帧中的信息，然后丢弃所述广播帧；若根据所述应答指示字段确定需要对所述广播帧做出应答，则根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间，并从收到所述广播帧开始、在到达所述应答退避时间时，发送应答帧。
所述根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间具体包括：
根据所述应答指示字段获取所述第一设备的应答次序；
根据预设应答时长和所述应答次序，计算得到所述应答退避时间；所述应答次序为所述第一设备在所述应答指示字段所指示的所述多个设备中返回应答帧的次序。
当所述应答指示字段采用第一种可能的实现方式时，所述应答次序为所述第一设备的ID所对应的应答指示位在被置为1(这里以置为1表示需要作出应答为例)的所有应答指示位中的次序。当所述应答指示字段采用第二种可能的实现方式时，所述应答次序为所述应答指示字段中所述第一设备的ID在所述多个设备的IDs中的次序。
所述预设应答时长可以是每个设备作出一次应答所需的时长，为一个固定值，一般不小于设备实际作出应答所需的时长，可以是经验值。所述预设应答时长可以预先配置，也可以由所述协调器通过所述广播帧发送给所述多个设备。
相应地，所述应答退避时间为：(应答次序-1)*预设应答时长。例如，用d表示预设应答时长，k表示应答次序，t表示应答退避时间，则所述应答退避时间t＝(k-1)*d，其中，k为大于1的整数，d和t的单位通常为微秒(μs)或毫秒(ms)。这里以每个设备都在所述预设应答时长内作出应答(返回应答帧)，来计算应答退避时间。
举例来说，假设协调器在应答指示字段中以第二种可能的实现方式携带12个设备的IDs：0x05，0x16，0x1F，0x22，0x2E，0x47，0x5A，0x81，0xAF，0xB3，0xCA和0xD9，指示该12个设备按照次序应答该广播帧。如果所述第一设备的ID为0x05，则所述第一设备的ID在该12个设备的IDs中的次序为1，所述第一设备的应答次序为1，即，所述第一设备第一个应答该广播帧；计算得到的所述应答退避时间t＝0，则所述第一设备从收到该广播帧开始、在到达所述应答退避时间t＝0时(即，无需退避)，发送该应答帧。如果所述第一设备的ID为0x5A，则所述第一设备的ID在该12个设备的IDs中的次序为7，所述第一设备的应答次序为7，即，所述第一设备第7个应答该广播帧，计算得到的所述应答退避时间t＝(7-1)*d，则所述第一设备从收到该广播帧开始、在到达所述应答退避时间t＝6*d时，发送该应答帧。本发明实施例中，第二种可能的实现方式中，应答指示字段可以按照从小到大的顺序携带所述多个设备的IDs(如上面例子所示)，当然也可以按照从大到小的顺序，或任意顺序携带所述多个设备的IDs，无论以何种顺序携带所述多个设备的IDs，所述第一设备的ID在应答指示字段所携带的所述多个设备的IDs中的次序即为所述第一设备的应答次序。
如果协调器以第一种可能的实现方式在广播帧的应答指示字段中指示上述12个设备应答该广播帧，则对应上述12个设备的IDs的 应答指示位均被置为1(这里以置为1表示需要作出应答为例)。如果所述第一设备的ID为0x05，在被置为1的所有应答指示位中，所述第一设备的ID对应的应答指示位的次序为1，即，所述第一设备的应答次序为1。如果所述第一设备的ID为0x5A，在被置为1的所有应答指示位中，所述第一设备的ID对应的应答指示位的次序为7，则所述第一设备的应答次序为7。本发明实施例中，第一种可能的实现方式中，应答指示位是相应ID的大小顺序排列的；因此，所述第一设备的应答次序，为所述第一设备的ID所对应的应答指示位在被置为1(这里以置为1表示需要作出应答为例)的所有应答指示位中的次序。
可替换地，所述预设应答时长是所述协调器指定所述多个设备对所述广播帧作出应答所需的总时长；所述预设应答时长可以由所述协调器通过所述广播帧发送给所述多个设备。
相应地，所述方法还包括：所述第一设备根据所述应答指示字段获取所述多个设备的数量；
所述应答退避时间为：(应答次序-1)*(预设应答时长/所述多个设备的数量)。例如，用d表示预设应答时长，k表示应答次序，n表示所述多个设备的数量，t表示应答退避时间，则所述应答退避时间t＝(k-1)*(d/n)，其中，k、n为大于1的整数，d和t的单位通常为微秒(μs)或毫秒(ms)。这里，所述协调器为所述多个设备指定完成应答的总时长，即，所述预设应答时长，并以每个设备平均占用所述预设应答时长来计算应答退避时间。
进一步地，所述第一设备在到达所述应答退避时间时，可以先侦听信道，并在确认信道空闲的情况下再发送所述应答帧。
本发明主要应用在协调器需要与LR-WPAN中部分设备通信的 场景。对于协调器需要与LR-WPAN中所有设备通信的场景，可以采用现有技术，发送广播帧并应用CSMA/CA协议避免应答冲突；当然也可以采用本发明技术方案，发送包括应答指示字段的广播帧，使得各个设备根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间，避免随机退避造成冲突和多次探测。
本发明实施例提供的广播实现方法，第一设备可以根据广播帧中包含的应答指示字段，确定是否需要对该广播帧作出应答，并在确定需要应答该广播帧时，根据该应答指示字段获取应答次序，根据该应答次序计算得到应答退避时间，在到达所述应答退避时间时，才发送该应答帧。这样，可以避免设备间的应答冲突，提高设备的资源利用率和通信效率，从而提高整个LR-WPAN的信道利用率和性能。
参见图3，为本发明实施例提供的另一种广播实现方法的流程示意图图，用于星型组网方式的LR-WPAN中，该方法包括：
301、协调器生成并发送广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示所述LR-WPAN中的多个设备按照应答次序作出应答；
协调器发送广播帧时，LR-WPAN中除所述协调器之外的其他设备均会收到该广播帧，本发明中，协调器生成的该广播帧中包括应答指示字段，用于指示多个设备按照应答次序作出应答。所述多个设备是LR-WPAN中除所述协调器之外的设备，可以是RFD或FFD。
通常，LR-WPAN中协调器需要与部分设备通信时，可以向这些设备分别发送单播帧，也可以发送广播帧给LR-WPAN中所有设备。但是，多次发送单播帧的方式，占用协调器的大量资源且耗时较长；发送广播帧的方式，协调器不需要通信的设备也会收到该广播帧，并要处理和应答，浪费了这些设备的处理资源并占用信道，增加冲突概 率，降低了网络性能。本发明实施例中，协调器生成的广播帧中包括应答指示字段，指定多个设备按照应答次序作出应答，以借助广播帧实现与LR-WPAN中部分设备通信的目的。这样，可以提高协调器的资源利用率和通信效率，还提高了信道利用率。此外，根据该应答指示字段，不需要应答的设备收到该广播帧后可以丢弃该广播帧，所述多个设备按照应答次序作出应答，从而无需为了避免应答冲突而消耗资源侦听信道，可以提高所述多个设备的资源利用率，从而提高整个LR-WPAN的性能。
第一种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位。应答指示位的数量与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的标识符的取值范围内的ID数量一致。具体来说，如果LR-WPAN中设备的ID位数是8位，则除去无效ID：0x00和广播ID：0xFF，该LR-WPAN可分配给设备的的ID有254个，即0x01～0xFE，则该应答指示字段包括254个应答指示位；其中，第1～254bit分别对应ID：0x01～0xFE，即，第1bit对应ID：0x01，第2bit对应ID：0x02，……，第254bit对应ID：0x FE。进一步地，可以用应答指示位的值为1表示设备需要作出应答，值为0表示设备不需要作出应答；可以将协调器ID对应的应答指示位总是设置为0。例如，协调器指定ID为0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78的四个设备要对广播帧作出应答，则参见图2A所示，与该四个设备的ID对应的应答指示位的值为1，其他不需要做出应答的设备的ID对应的应答指示位的值为0。当然也可以用应答指示位的值为0表示设备需要作出应答，值为1表示设备不需要作出应答；并且可以将协调器ID对应的应答指示位总是设置为1。可选地，如果协调器的ID固定为0x01，该应答指示字段也可以仅包括253个应 答指示位；其中，第1～253bit分别对应ID：0x02～0xFE。
第二种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段为类型长度值(type-length-value,简称TLV)格式，其中包括需要作出应答的所述多个设备的IDs。具体来说，如果协调器要指定ID为0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78的四个设备应答该广播帧，则在所述应答指示字段的value中包括上述四个IDs(0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78)。例如，如图2B所示，Type字段占4位，Length字段占4位，value字段包括上述4个8位的IDs。
在301之前，所述方法还可以包括：所述协调器确定所述多个设备的IDs。
所述协调器根据所述多个设备的IDs，生成所述广播帧；所述广播帧中所述应答指示字段采用上述第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式。
进一步地，所述协调器可以同时支持上述第一种可能的实现方式和第二种可能的实现方式；则在协调器生成并发送广播帧之前，所述方法还包括：所述协调器按照预设条件，确定所述应答指示字段，即，选择使用上述第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式。所述预设条件包括：当需要应答的所述多个设备数量大于预设阈值时，采用第一种可能的实现方式，即，确定所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN的每个标识符对应的应答指示位；否则采用第二种可能的实现方式，即，确定所述应答指示字段为TLV格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。所述预设阈值可以为
Figure PCTCN2015083580-appb-000001
其中n为LR-WPAN的ID的位数。例如，当LR-WPAN的ID位数为8时，所述预设阈值设为32；则当需应答的设备数量大于32时，采用第一种可能的实现方式；当预设阈值设小于等于32时，采用第二种可能的实现方式。这样， 当需应答的设备数量较少时，采用TLV直接携带需要应答的设备的IDs，可以减小广播帧的长度，降低对信道资源的占用，还可以提高设备的处理效率。当然，除了将预设阈值设置为
Figure PCTCN2015083580-appb-000002
也可以设置为更大或更小的数值。此外，也可以根据其他情况，例如，广播帧携带的信息或发送广播帧的目的，例如，时间同步、获取设备参数(比如发射功率，版本信息，休眠时长)等，设置所述预设条件。
进一步可选地，所述协调器根据所述多个设备的IDs，生成所述广播帧，具体包括：所述协调器根据所述多个设备的IDs和所述预设条件，生成所述广播帧；所述应答指示字段根据所述预设条件采用上述第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式。
302、接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧。
所述应答次序为所述应答指示字段所指示的所述多个设备返回应答帧的次序；
当所述应答指示字段采用第一种可能的实现方式时，所述应答次序为所述多个设备的IDs所对应的应答指示位的次序。当所述应答指示字段采用第二种可能的实现方式时，所述应答次序为所述应答指示字段中所述多个设备的IDs的次序。所述协调器可以指定所述多个设备对所述广播帧作出应答所需的总时长，作为预设应答时长。可选地，所述广播帧中还包括所述预设应答时长。所述接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧包括：
在所述预设应答时长内，接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧。
可选地，当所述预设应答时长结束，如果所述多个设备中仍有设备未返回应答帧，所述协调器可以向所述多个设备中未应答的设备发送更新的广播帧，用于指示所述多个设备中未应答的设备按照应答次 序作出应答。
可替换的，可以指定每个设备作出一次应答所需的时长，作为预设应答时长；这里的预设应答时长为一个固定值，一般不小于设备实际作出应答所需的时长，可以是经验值。所述预设应答时长可以预先配置在各个设备上，也可以由所述协调器通过所述广播帧或其他方式发送给所述LR-WPAN中的各个设备。所述接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧包括：
根据预设应答时长和所述多个设备的数量，确定应答等待周期；并在所述应答等待周期内，接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧。
可选地，当所述应答等待周期结束，如果所述多个设备中仍有设备未返回应答帧，所述协调器可以向所述多个设备中未应答的设备发送更新的广播帧，用于指示所述多个设备中未应答的设备按照应答次序作出应答。
进一步地，所述方法还可以包括：所述协调器根据所述多个设备返回的应答帧，记录各个设备对应的状态和相关信息，例如设备版本，发射功率，休眠时间等。
本发明实施例提供的广播实现方法，协调器生成并发送包括应答指示字段的广播帧，通过该应答指示字段指示所述LR-WPAN中多个设备按照应答次序作出应答，以广播实现类似组播的通信机制，实现协调器与所述LR-WPAN中部分设备的通信，相比于现有技术的单播或广播方式，可以提高协调器的资源利用率和通信效率，同时还可以避免多个设备间的广播应答冲突，从而提高所述LR-WPAN的信道利用率和性能。
参见图4，为本发明实施例提供的广播实现装置的结构示意图， 用于实现本发明图1所示的广播实现方法。所述广播实现装置40包括接收模块401和处理模块402；
所述接收模块401，用于接收协调器发送的广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示LR-WPAN中多个设备按照次序作出应答；
所述多个设备是所述LR-WPAN中除所述协调器之外的设备，可以是RFD或FFD。所述广播实现装置40部署在所述多个设备中的第一设备上。所述第一设备可以是RFD，也可以是FFD；换言之，所述广播实现装置40可部署在RFD上，也可以部署在FFD上。
本发明中，通过广播帧中的应答指示字段，协调器可以指定需要作出应答的设备。根据该应答指示字段，不需要应答的设备收到该广播帧后，可以丢弃该广播帧，提高了信道利用率，并且设备无需为了避免应答冲突而消耗资源侦听信道是否空闲，可以提高设备的资源利用率，从而提高了整个LR-WPAN的性能。
第一种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位。应答指示位的数量与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的标识符的取值范围内的ID数量一致。具体来说，如果LR-WPAN中设备的ID位数是8位，则除去无效ID：0x00和广播ID：0xFF，该LR-WPAN可分配给设备的的ID有254个，即0x01～0xFE，则该应答指示字段包括254个应答指示位；其中，第1～254bit分别对应ID：0x01～0xFE，即，第1bit对应ID：0x01，第2bit对应ID：0x02，……，第254bit对应ID：0x FE。进一步地，可以用应答指示位的值为1表示设备需要作出应答，值为0表示设备不需要作出应答；可以将协调器ID对应的应答指示位总是设置为0。例如，协调器指定ID为0x11，0x15， 0x43和0x78的四个设备要对广播帧作出应答，则参见图2A所示，与该四个设备的ID对应的应答指示位的值为1，其他不需要做出应答的设备的ID对应的应答指示位的值为0。当然也可以用应答指示位的值为0表示设备需要作出应答，值为1表示设备不需要作出应答；并且可以将协调器ID对应的应答指示位总是设置为1。可选地，如果协调器的ID固定为0x01，该应答指示字段也可以仅包括253个应答指示位；其中，第1～253bit分别对应ID：0x02～0xFE。
第二种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段为类型长度值TLV格式，其中包括需要作出应答的所述多个设备的IDs。具体来说，如果协调器要指定ID为0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78的四个设备应答该广播帧，则在所述应答指示字段的value中包括上述四个IDs(0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78)。例如，如图2B所示，Type字段占4位，Length字段占4位，value字段包括上述4个8位的IDs。
所述处理模块402，用于当根据所述应答指示字段，确定需要对所述广播帧做出应答时，根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间，并从收到所述广播帧开始、在到达所述应答退避时间时，发送应答帧。
所述处理模块402，还可以用于当根据所述应答指示字段确定不需要对所述广播帧做出应答时，丢弃所述广播帧；还可用于记录所述广播帧中的信息。
具体地，所述处理模块402用于根据所述广播帧中的所述应答指示字段判断是否需要应答所述广播帧；若根据所述应答指示字段确定不需要对所述广播帧做出应答，可以记录所述广播帧中的信息，然后丢弃所述广播帧；若根据所述应答指示字段确定需要对所述广播帧做出应答，则根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间，并从收到所述广播帧开始、在到达所述应答退避时间时，发送应答帧。
所述处理模块402，具体用于根据所述应答指示字段获取所述第一设备的应答次序，根据预设应答时长和所述应答次序，计算得到所述应答退避时间；所述应答次序为所述第一设备在所述应答指示字段所指示的所述多个设备中返回应答帧的次序。
当所述应答指示字段采用第一种可能的实现方式时，所述应答次序为所述第一设备的ID所对应的应答指示位在被置为1(这里以置为1表示需要作出应答为例)的所有应答指示位中的次序。当所述应答指示字段采用第二种可能的实现方式时，所述应答次序为所述应答指示字段中所述第一设备的ID在所述多个设备的IDs中的次序。
所述预设应答时长可以是每个设备作出一次应答所需的时长，为一个固定值，一般不小于设备实际作出应答所需的时长，可以是经验值。所述预设应答时长可以预先配置，也可以由所述协调器通过所述广播帧发送给所述多个设备。
相应地，所述应答退避时间为：(应答次序-1)*预设应答时长。例如，用d表示预设应答时长，k表示应答次序，t表示应答退避时间，则所述应答退避时间t＝(k-1)*d，其中，k为大于1的整数，d和t的单位通常为微秒(μs)或毫秒(ms)。这里以每个设备都在所述预设应答时长内作出应答(返回应答帧)，来计算应答退避时间。
举例来说，假设协调器在应答指示字段中以第二种可能的实现方式携带12个设备的IDs：0x05，0x16，0x1F，0x22，0x2E，0x47，0x5A，0x81，0xAF，0xB3，0xCA和0xD9，指示该12个设备按照次序应答该广播帧。如果所述第一设备的ID为0x05，则所述第一设备的ID在该12个设备的IDs中的次序为1，所述第一设备的应答次序为1，即，所述第一设备第一个应答该广播帧；计算得到的所述应答退避时间t＝0，则所述第一设备从收到该广播帧开始、在到达所述 应答退避时间t＝0时(即，无需退避)，发送该应答帧。如果所述第一设备的ID为0x5A，则所述第一设备的ID在该12个设备的IDs中的次序为7，所述第一设备的应答次序为7，即，所述第一设备第7个应答该广播帧，计算得到的所述应答退避时间t＝(7-1)*d，则所述第一设备从收到该广播帧开始、在到达所述应答退避时间t＝6*d时，发送该应答帧。本发明实施例中，第二种可能的实现方式中，应答指示字段可以按照从小到大的顺序携带所述多个设备的IDs(如上面例子所示)，当然也可以按照从大到小的顺序，或任意顺序携带所述多个设备的IDs，无论以何种顺序携带所述多个设备的IDs，所述第一设备的ID在应答指示字段所携带的所述多个设备的IDs中的次序即为所述第一设备的应答次序。
如果协调器以第一种可能的实现方式在广播帧的应答指示字段中指示上述12个设备应答该广播帧，则对应上述12个设备的IDs的应答指示位均被置为1(这里以置为1表示需要作出应答为例)。如果所述第一设备的ID为0x05，在被置为1的所有应答指示位中，所述第一设备的ID对应的应答指示位的次序为1，即，所述第一设备的应答次序为1。如果所述第一设备的ID为0x5A，在被置为1的所有应答指示位中，所述第一设备的ID对应的应答指示位的次序为7，则所述第一设备的应答次序为7。本发明实施例中，第一种可能的实现方式中，应答指示位是相应ID的大小顺序排列的；因此，所述第一设备的应答次序，为所述第一设备的ID所对应的应答指示位在被置为1(这里以置为1表示需要作出应答为例)的所有应答指示位中的次序。
可替换地，所述预设应答时长是所述协调器指定所述多个设备对所述广播帧作出应答所需的总时长；所述预设应答时长可以由所述协 调器通过所述广播帧发送给所述多个设备。
相应地，所述处理模块402还用于根据所述应答指示字段获取所述多个设备的数量；
所述应答退避时间为：(应答次序-1)*(预设应答时长/所述多个设备的数量)。例如，用d表示预设应答时长，k表示应答次序，n表示所述多个设备的数量，t表示应答退避时间，则所述应答退避时间t＝(k-1)*(d/n)，其中，k、n为大于1的整数，d和t的单位通常为微秒(μs)或毫秒(ms)。这里，所述协调器为所述多个设备指定完成应答的总时长，即，所述预设应答时长，并以每个设备平均占用所述预设应答时长来计算应答退避时间。
可选地，所述处理模块402，还用于在到达所述应答退避时间时，先侦听信道，并在确认信道空闲的情况下再发送所述应答帧。
本实施例中其他未尽细节可参考本发明图1所示实施例中所述。
本发明实施例提供的广播实现装置，可部署在LR-WPAN的RFD或FFD设备上，与协调器配合，实现协调器与LR-WPAN中部分设备通信的目的。当然，对于协调器与其他所有设备都要通信的场景，可以采用现有技术，发送广播帧并应用CSMA/CA协议避免应答冲突；也可以通过本发明实施例提供的广播应答装置，让各个设备根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间，避免随机退避造成冲突和多次探测。
本发明实施例提供的广播实现装置，可以根据广播帧中包含的应答指示字段，确定是否需要对该广播帧作出应答，并在确定需要应答该广播帧时，根据该应答指示字段获取应答次序，根据该应答次序计算得到应答退避时间，在到达所述应答退避时间时，才发送该应答帧。这样，可以避免设备间的应答冲突，提高设备的资源利用率和通信效率，从而提高整个LR-WPAN的信道利用率和性能。
参见图5，为本发明实施例提供的第一设备的结构示意图，应用于星型组网方式的LR-WPAN中，用于实现本发明图1所示的广播实现方法。所述第一设备50包括：处理器501，存储器502，无线通信接口503和总线504。
第一设备可以为RFD或FFD。
所述处理器501，所述存储器502和所述无线通信接口503通过所述总线504相互连接。总线504可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect，简称PCI)总线，或扩展工业标准结构(extended industry standard architecture，简称EISA)总线，或串行外围接口(Serial Peripheral Interface，简称SPI)总线等。所述总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图5中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
所述无线通信接口503用于收发无线射频信号；
存储器502，用于存放程序。具体地，程序可以包括程序代码，所述程序代码包括计算机操作指令。存储器502可能包含随机存取存储器(random access memory，简称RAM)，也可能还包括非易失性(non-volatile)存储器，例如至少一个磁盘存储器。
所述无线通信接口503,具体用于接收协调器发送的广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示所述LR-WPAN中多个设备按照次序作出应答；
处理器501执行所述存储器502中存放的程序，用于实现本发明实施例提供的广播应答方法，包括：
根据所述应答指示字段判断是否需要对所述广播帧做出应答；
若根据所述应答指示字段确定需要对所述广播帧做出应答，则根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间，并从收到所述广播帧开始、 在到达所述应答退避时间时，发送应答帧；
若根据所述应答指示字段确定不需要对所述广播帧做出应答，可以丢弃所述广播帧。
第一种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位。应答指示位的数量与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的标识符的取值范围内的ID数量一致。具体来说，如果LR-WPAN中设备的ID位数是8位，则除去无效ID：0x00和广播ID：0xFF，该LR-WPAN可分配给设备的的ID有254个，即0x01～0xFE，则该应答指示字段包括254个应答指示位；其中，第1～254bit分别对应ID：0x01～0xFE，即，第1bit对应ID：0x01，第2bit对应ID：0x02，……，第254bit对应ID：0x FE。进一步地，可以用应答指示位的值为1表示设备需要作出应答，值为0表示设备不需要作出应答；可以将协调器ID对应的应答指示位总是设置为0。例如，协调器指定ID为0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78的四个设备要对广播帧作出应答，则参见图2A所示，与该四个设备的ID对应的应答指示位的值为1，其他不需要做出应答的设备的ID对应的应答指示位的值为0。当然也可以用应答指示位的值为0表示设备需要作出应答，值为1表示设备不需要作出应答；并且可以将协调器ID对应的应答指示位总是设置为1。可选地，如果协调器的ID固定为0x01，该应答指示字段也可以仅包括253个应答指示位；其中，第1～253bit分别对应ID：0x02～0xFE。
第二种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段为TLV格式，其中包括需要作出应答的所述多个设备的IDs。具体来说，如果协调器要指定ID为0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78的四个设备应答该广播帧，则在所述应答指示字段的value中包括上述四个IDs(0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78)。 例如，如图2B所示，Type字段占4位，Length字段占4位，value字段包括上述4个8位的IDs。
所述根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间具体包括：
根据所述应答指示字段获取所述第一设备的应答次序；
根据预设应答时长和所述应答次序，计算得到所述应答退避时间；所述应答次序为所述第一设备在所述应答指示字段所指示的所述多个设备中返回应答帧的次序。
所述预设应答时长可以是每个设备作出一次应答所需的时长，为一个固定值，一般不小于设备实际作出应答所需的时长，可以是经验值。所述预设应答时长可以预先配置，也可以由所述协调器通过所述广播帧发送给所述多个设备。相应地，所述应答退避时间为(应答次序-1)*预设应答时长。例如，用d表示预设应答时长，k表示应答次序，t表示应答退避时间，则所述应答退避时间t＝(k-1)*d，其中，k为大于1的整数，d和t的单位通常为微秒(μs)或毫秒(ms)。
可替换地，所述预设应答时长是所述协调器指定所述多个设备对所述广播帧作出应答所需的总时长；所述预设应答时长可以由所述协调器通过所述广播帧发送给所述多个设备。
相应地，所述方法还包括：所述第一设备根据所述应答指示字段获取所述多个设备的数量；
所述应答退避时间为：(应答次序-1)*(预设应答时长/所述多个设备的数量)。例如，用d表示预设应答时长，k表示应答次序，n表示所述多个设备的数量，t表示应答退避时间，则所述应答退避时间t＝(k-1)*(d/n)，其中，k、n为大于1的整数，d和t的单位通常为微秒(μs)或毫秒(ms)。
进一步地，在到达所述应答退避时间时，可以先侦听信道，并在 确认信道空闲的情况下再发送所述应答帧。
上述的处理器501可以是通用处理器，包括中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，简称CPU)、网络处理器(Network Processor，简称NP)等；还可以是数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。
本发明实施例提供的第一设备，接收协调器发送的包括应答指示字段的广播帧，若需要应答，则按照预设应答时长和应答次序计算应答退避时间，根据应答退避时间对该广播帧作出应答；若不需要应答，可以直接丢弃该广播帧。这样，需要应答的设备按照应答退避时间发送应答帧，可以避免广播应答冲突，还可以避免随机退避造成的冲突和多次探测，提高了信道利用率；同时，无需应答的设备也不用消耗资源侦听信道是否空闲来避免应答冲突，可以提高设备的资源利用率和通信效率，从而提高整个LR-WPAN的信道利用率和性能。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是，本发明实施例中仅示出了第一设备与本发明相关的部分结构，还可以包括比图示更多的部件，或者不同的部件布置。
参见图6，为本发明实施例提供的FFD的结构示意图，应用于星型组网方式的LR-WPAN中，所述FFD 60包括：生成模块601，发送模块602和接收模块603。
所述FFD 60作为LR-WPAN中的协调器，实现本发明图3所示的另一种广播实现方法。
所述生成模块601，生成广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示所述LR-WPAN中的多个设备按照应答次序作出应答；所述应答次序为所述应答指示字段所指示的所述多 个设备返回应答帧的次序；
所述多个设备是LR-WPAN中除所述协调器之外的设备，可以是RFD或FFD。
所述发送模块602，用于发送所述广播帧。所述LR-WPAN中除所述FFD 60之外的其他设备均会收到所述广播帧。本发明中，通过广播帧中的应答指示字段，指示所述多个设备按照应答次序作出应答。
通常，LR-WPAN中，协调器需要与一些设备通信时，通常可以向这些设备分别发送单播帧，也可以发送广播帧给LR-WPAN中所有设备。但是，多次发送单播帧的方式，占用协调器的大量资源且耗时较长；发送广播帧的方式，协调器不需要通信的设备也会收到该广播帧，并要处理和应答，浪费了这些设备的处理资源并占用信道，增加冲突概率，降低了网络性能。本发明中，FFD 60生成的广播帧中包括应答指示字段，指定多个设备按照应答次序作出应答，以实现借助广播帧与LR-WPAN中部分设备通信的目的。根据该应答指示字段，不需要应答的设备收到该广播帧后，可以丢弃该广播帧。这样，不仅提高了协调器的资源利用率和通信效率，还提高了信道利用率。并且LR-WPAN中除协调器之外的设备无需为了避免应答冲突而消耗资源侦听信道，也可以提高除协调器之外的设备的资源利用率，从而提高了整个LR-WPAN的性能。
第一种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位。应答指示位的数量与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的标识符的取值范围内的ID数量一致。具体来说，如果LR-WPAN中设备的ID位数是8位，则除去无效ID：0x00和广播ID：0xFF，该LR-WPAN可分配给设备的的ID有254个，即0x01～0xFE，则该应答指示字段包括254 个应答指示位；其中，第1～254bit分别对应ID：0x01～0xFE，即，第1bit对应ID：0x01，第2bit对应ID：0x02，……，第254bit对应ID：0x FE。进一步地，可以用应答指示位的值为1表示设备需要作出应答，值为0表示设备不需要作出应答；可以将协调器ID对应的应答指示位总是设置为0。例如，协调器指定ID为0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78的四个设备要对广播帧作出应答，则参见图2A所示，与该四个设备的ID对应的应答指示位的值为1，其他不需要做出应答的设备的ID对应的应答指示位的值为0。当然也可以用应答指示位的值为0表示设备需要作出应答，值为1表示设备不需要作出应答；并且可以将协调器ID对应的应答指示位总是设置为1。可选地，如果协调器的ID固定为0x01，该应答指示字段也可以仅包括253个应答指示位；其中，第1～253bit分别对应ID：0x02～0xFE。
第二种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段为TLV格式，其中包括需要作出应答的所述多个设备的IDs。具体来说，如果协调器要指定ID为0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78的四个设备应答该广播帧，则在所述应答指示字段的value中包括上述四个IDs(0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78)。例如，如图2B所示，Type字段占4位，Length字段占4位，value字段包括上述4个8位的IDs。
当所述应答指示字段采用第一种可能的实现方式时，所述应答次序为所述多个设备的IDs所对应的应答指示位的次序。当所述应答指示字段采用第二种可能的实现方式时，所述应答次序为所述应答指示字段中所述多个设备的IDs的次序。
所述FFD 60，还包括确定模块，用于确定所述多个设备的IDs。所述生成模块601，具体用于根据所述多个设备的IDs，生成所述广播帧，所述应答指示字段采用上述第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可 能的实现方式。
进一步地，所述FFD 60可以同时支持上述第一种可能的实现方式和第二种可能的实现方式。所述生成模块601还用于按照预设条件，确定所述应答指示字段，即，选择使用上述第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式。所述预设条件包括：当需要应答的所述多个设备数量大于预设阈值时，采用第一种可能的实现方式，即，确定所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN的每个标识符对应的应答指示位；否则采用第二种可能的实现方式，即，确定所述应答指示字段为TLV格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。所述预设阈值可以为
Figure PCTCN2015083580-appb-000003
其中n为LR-WPAN的ID位数。例如，当LR-WPAN的ID位数为8时，所述预设阈值设为32；则当需应答的设备数量大于32时，采用第一种可能的实现方式；当预设阈值设小于等于32时，采用第二种可能的实现方式。这样，当需应答的设备数量较少时，采用TLV直接携带需要应答的设备的IDs，可以减小广播帧的长度，降低对信道资源的占用，还可以提高设备的处理效率。当然，除了将预设阈值设置为
Figure PCTCN2015083580-appb-000004
也可以设置的更大或更小。此外，也可以根据其他情况，例如，广播帧携带的信息或发送广播帧的目的，设置所述预设条件。
可选地，所述生成模块601，具体用于根据所述多个设备的IDs和所述预设条件生成所述广播帧；所述应答指示字段根据所述预设条件采用上述第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式。
所述接收模块603，用于接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧。
所述协调器可以指定所述多个设备对所述广播帧作出应答所需的总时长，作为预设应答时长。可选地，所述广播帧中还包括所述预设应答时长。所述接收模块603，具体用于在所述预设应答时长内， 接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧。
可替换的，可以指定每个设备作出一次应答所需的时长，作为预设应答时长；这里的预设应答时长为一个固定值，一般不小于设备实际作出应答所需的时长，可以是经验值。所述预设应答时长可以预先配置在各个设备上，也可以由所述协调器通过所述广播帧或其他方式发送给所述LR-WPAN中的各个设备。所述接收模块603，具体用于根据所述预设应答时长和所述多个设备的数量，确定应答等待周期；并在所述应答等待周期内，接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧。
所述FFD 60还可以包括：记录模块，用于根据所述多个设备返回的应答帧，记录各个设备对应的状态和相关信息，例如设备版本，发射功率，休眠时间等。
本实施例中其他未尽细节可参考本发明图3所示实施例中所述。
本发明实施例提供的FFD，生成并发送包括应答指示字段的广播帧，通过该应答指示字段指示多个设备按照应答次序作出应答，以广播实现类似组播的通信机制，实现协调器与所述LR-WPAN中部分设备的通信，相比于现有技术的单播或广播方式，可以提高协调器的资源利用率和通信效率，同时还可以避免多个设备间的广播应答冲突，从而提高所述LR-WPAN的信道利用率和性能。
参见图7，为本发明实施例提供的FFD的另一结构示意图，应用于星型组网方式的LR-WPAN中。所述FFD 70包括：处理器701，存储器702，无线通信接口703和总线704。
所述FFD 70作为LR-WPAN中的协调器，实现本发明图3所示的另一种广播实现方法。
所述处理器701，所述存储器702和所述无线通信接口703通过所 述总线704相互连接。总线704可以是PCI总线，或EISA，或SPI总线等。所述总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图7中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
所述无线通信接口703用于收发无线射频信号；
存储器702，用于存放程序。具体地，程序可以包括程序代码，所述程序代码包括计算机操作指令。存储器702可能RAM，也可能还包括非易失性存储器，例如至少一个磁盘存储器。
处理器701执行所述存储器702中存放的程序，用于实现本发明实施例提供的广播实现方法，包括：
生成并发送广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示所述LR-WPAN中的多个设备按照应答次序作出应答；
接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧。
所述应答次序为所述应答指示字段所指示的所述多个设备返回应答帧的次序。
第一种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位。应答指示位的数量与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的标识符的取值范围内的ID数量一致。具体来说，如果LR-WPAN中设备的ID位数是8位，则除去无效ID：0x00和广播ID：0xFF，该LR-WPAN可分配给设备的的ID有254个，即0x01～0xFE，则该应答指示字段包括254个应答指示位；其中，第1～254bit分别对应ID：0x01～0xFE，即，第1bit对应ID：0x01，第2bit对应ID：0x02，……，第254bit对应ID：0x FE。进一步地，可以用应答指示位的值为1表示设备需要 作出应答，值为0表示设备不需要作出应答；可以将协调器ID对应的应答指示位总是设置为0。例如，协调器指定ID为0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78的四个设备要对广播帧作出应答，则参见图2A所示，与该四个设备的ID对应的应答指示位的值为1，其他不需要做出应答的设备的ID对应的应答指示位的值为0。当然也可以用应答指示位的值为0表示设备需要作出应答，值为1表示设备不需要作出应答；并且可以将协调器ID对应的应答指示位总是设置为1。可选地，如果协调器的ID固定为0x01，该应答指示字段也可以仅包括253个应答指示位；其中，第1～253bit分别对应ID：0x02～0xFE。
第二种可能的实现方式中，所述应答指示字段为TLV格式，其中包括需要应答的所述多个设备的IDs。具体来说，如果协调器要指定ID为0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78的四个设备应答该广播帧，则在所述应答指示字段的value中包括上述四个IDs(0x11，0x15，0x43和0x78)。例如，如图2B所示，Type字段占4位，Length字段占4位，value字段包括上述4个8位的IDs。
当所述应答指示字段采用第一种可能的实现方式时，所述应答次序为所述多个设备的IDs所对应的应答指示位的次序。当所述应答指示字段采用第二种可能的实现方式时，所述应答次序为所述应答指示字段中所述多个设备的IDs的次序。
所述方法还可以包括：确定所述多个设备的IDs。相应地，所述生成广播帧包括：根据所述多个设备的IDs，生成所述广播帧；所述广播帧中所述应答指示字段采用上述第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式。
所述协调器可以同时支持上述第一种可能的实现方式和第二种可能的实现方式；所述协调器可以按照预设条件，选择使用上述第一 种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式。所述预设条件包括：当需应答的设备数量大于预设阈值时，采用第一种可能的实现方式；否则采用第二种可能的实现方式。所述预设阈值可以为
Figure PCTCN2015083580-appb-000005
其中n为LR-WPAN的ID位数。例如，当LR-WPAN的ID位数为8时，所述预设阈值设为32；则当需应答的设备数量大于32时，采用第一种可能的实现方式；当预设阈值设小于等于32时，采用第二种可能的实现方式。这样，当需应答的设备数量较少时，采用TLV直接携带需要应答的设备的IDs，可以减小广播帧的长度，降低对信道资源的占用，还可以提高设备的处理效率。当然，除了将预设阈值设置为
Figure PCTCN2015083580-appb-000006
也可以设置的更大或更小。此外，也可以根据其他情况，例如，广播帧携带的信息或发送广播帧的目的，设置所述预设条件。
进一步可选地，所述根据所述多个设备的IDs，生成所述广播帧，具体包括：根据所述多个设备的IDs和所述预设条件，生成所述广播帧；所述应答指示字段根据所述预设条件采用上述第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式。
进一步地，可以指定所述多个设备对所述广播帧作出应答所需的总时长，作为预设应答时长。可选地，所述广播帧中还包括所述预设应答时长。所述接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧包括：
在所述预设应答时长内，接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧。
可替换的，可以指定每个设备作出一次应答所需的时长，作为预设应答时长。所述接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧，具体包括：根据预设应答时长和所述多个设备的数量，确定应答等待周期；并在所述应答等待周期内，接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次 序返回的应答帧。
所述无线通信接口703,具体用于发送所述广播帧，以及接收所述多个设备返回的应答帧。
所述方法还可以包括：
根据所述多个设备返回的应答帧，记录各个设备对应的状态和相关信息，例如设备版本，发射功率，休眠时间等。
本发明实施例提供的FFD，生成并发送包括应答指示字段的广播帧，通过该应答指示字段指示所述LR-WPAN中多个设备按照应答次序作出应答，以广播实现类似组播的通信机制，实现协调器与LR-WPAN中部分设备的通信，相比于现有技术的单播或广播方式，可以提高协调器的资源利用率和通信效率，同时还可以避免多个设备间的广播应答冲突，从而提高整个LR-WPAN的信道利用率和性能。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是，本发明实施例中仅示出了协调器与本发明相关的部分结构，还可以包括比图示更多的部件，或者不同的部件布置。
参见图8所示，为本发明实施例提供的星型组网方式的LR-WPAN示意图，其中包括协调器801和多个设备802。协调器801为FFD；设备802为非协调器设备，可以为RFD或FFD，对此本发明不做限定。所述协调器801如本发明实施例所示的FFD 60或FFD 70，其工作原理、结构和功能的具体细节可参见本发明图6或7所示实施例中所述，在此不再赘述。所述设备802如本发明实施例所示的第一设备40或50，其工作原理、结构和功能的具体细节可参见本发明图4或5所示实施例中所述，在此不再赘述。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是，本发明实施例中仅示出了协调器与本发明相关的部分结构，还可以包括比图示更多的部件，或者不同 的部件布置。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解，实现上述各方法实施例中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，相应的程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中，上述存储介质可以是随机存取存储器，只读存储器，快闪存储器，硬盘，固态硬盘或光盘等。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种广播实现方法，用于低速率无线个人区域网LR-WPAN中，其特征在于，包括：
    第一设备接收协调器发送的广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示所述LR-WPAN中的多个设备按照次序作出应答；
    若根据所述应答指示字段确定需要对所述广播帧做出应答，则所述第一设备根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间，并从收到所述广播帧开始、在到达所述应答退避时间时，发送应答帧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若根据所述应答指示字段确定不需要对所述广播帧做出应答，丢弃所述广播帧。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间包括：
    根据所述应答指示字段获取所述第一设备的应答次序；
    根据预设应答时长和所述应答次序，计算得到所述应答退避时间；所述应答次序是指所述第一设备在所述应答指示字段所指示的所述多个设备中返回应答帧的次序。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述应答指示字段为类型长度值(type-length-value,简称TLV)格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。
  6. 一种广播实现方法，用于低速率无线个人区域网LR-WPAN中，其特征在于，包括：
    协调器生成并发送广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示所述LR-WPAN中的多个设备按照应答次序作出应答；
    接收所述多个设备按照所述应答次序返回的应答帧；
    所述应答次序为所述应答指示字段所指示的所述多个设备返回应答帧的次序。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述应答指示字段为类型长度值(type-length-value,简称TLV)格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述协调器生成所述广播帧之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述协调器按照预设条件，确定所述应答指示字段。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述协调器按照预设条件，确定所述应答指示字段包括：
    当所述多个设备的数量大于预设阈值时，确定所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位；
    否则，确定所述应答指示字段为TLV格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述协 调器按照预设条件确定所述应答指示字段之前，所述方法还包括：所述协调器确定所述多个设备的标识符。
  12. 根据权利要求6至11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收所述多个设备根据所述应答次序返回的应答帧，具体包括：
    根据预设应答时长和所述多个设备的数量，确定应答等待周期；
    在所述应答等待周期内，接收所述多个设备依次返回的应答帧。
  13. 一种广播实现装置，用于低速率无线个人区域网LR-WPAN中，其特征在于，包括：
    接收模块，用于接收协调器发送的广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示所述LR-WPAN中的多个设备按照次序作出应答；
    处理模块，用于当根据所述应答指示字段，确定需要对所述广播帧做出应答时，根据所述应答指示字段获取应答退避时间，并从收到所述广播帧开始、在到达所述应答退避时间时，发送应答帧；
    所述广播实现装置部署在所述多个设备中的第一设备上。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块，还用于在根据所述应答指示字段确定不需要对所述广播帧做出应答时，丢弃所述广播帧。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块，具体用于根据所述应答指示字段获取所述第一设备的应答次序；根据预设应答时长和所述应答次序，计算得到所述应答退避时间；所述应答次序为所述第一设备在所述应答指示字段所述指示的所述多个设备中返回应答帧的次序。
  16. 根据权利要求13或14所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个 标识符所对应的应答指示位；或者
    所述应答指示字段为类型长度值(type-length-value,简称TLV)格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。
  17. 一种全功能设备FFD，用于低速率无线个人区域网LR-WPAN中，其特征在于，包括：
    生成模块，生成广播帧，所述广播帧中包括应答指示字段，所述应答指示字段用于指示多个设备作出应答；
    发送模块，用于发送所述广播帧；
    接收模块，用于接收所述多个设备依次返回的应答帧。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的FFD，其特征在于，
    所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位；或者
    所述应答指示字段为类型长度值(type-length-value,简称TLV)格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的FFD，其特征在于，所述生成模块，还用于按照预设条件，确定所述应答指示字段。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的FFD，其特征在于，所述生成模块，具体用于当需要应答的所述多个设备数量大于预设阈值时，确定所述应答指示字段包括与所述LR-WPAN可分配给设备的每个标识符所对应的应答指示位；否则确定所述应答指示字段为TLV格式，包括所述多个设备的标识符。
  21. 根据权利要求17至20任一项所述的FFD，其特征在于，所述接收模块，具体用于根据预设应答时长和所述多个设备的数量，确定应答等待周期；在所述应答等待周期内，接收所述多个设备依次返回的应答帧。
  22. 一种低速率无线个人区域网LR-WPAN，其特征在于，包括：协调器和多个设备；其中，
    所述协调器为如权利要求17至21任一项所述的FFD；
    所述多个设备中每个设备包括如权利要求13至16任一项所述的广播实现装置。
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