WO2016106678A1 - 一种数控机床及磁力锁紧装置 - Google Patents

一种数控机床及磁力锁紧装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016106678A1
WO2016106678A1 PCT/CN2014/095884 CN2014095884W WO2016106678A1 WO 2016106678 A1 WO2016106678 A1 WO 2016106678A1 CN 2014095884 W CN2014095884 W CN 2014095884W WO 2016106678 A1 WO2016106678 A1 WO 2016106678A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pole
pole core
magnet
machine tool
yoke
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Application number
PCT/CN2014/095884
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈宗孟
吕战争
Original Assignee
深圳市配天智造装备股份有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市配天智造装备股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市配天智造装备股份有限公司
Priority to CN201480083267.XA priority Critical patent/CN107000144B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2014/095884 priority patent/WO2016106678A1/zh
Publication of WO2016106678A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016106678A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/15—Devices for holding work using magnetic or electric force acting directly on the work
    • B23Q3/154—Stationary devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of numerical control machining technology, in particular to a numerical control machine tool and a magnetic locking device applied to the numerical control machine tool.
  • the machining center has the ability to automatically exchange machining tools. By installing different tools on the tool magazine, it is possible to change the machining tools on the spindle through an automatic tool changer in one setup to achieve a variety of machining functions.
  • the time for loading and unloading the workpiece accounts for a large proportion of the processing cycle time of the entire workpiece.
  • a multi-station that can be automatically exchanged is usually arranged on the machining center machine.
  • the workbench enables the cutting and auxiliary loading and unloading of workpieces to be synchronized to improve the effective utilization of the machine tool.
  • the locking mechanism of the multi-station workbench is usually provided with a locking power by a hydraulic system, and the locking and releasing functions are generated by the action of the oil cylinder and the piston rod, and a spring mechanism is required as an auxiliary mechanism.
  • the hydraulic system of the technology is complicated, the hydraulic pipeline circuit has high sealing requirements, and the processing and manufacturing are difficult.
  • the flow speed of the hydraulic oil is limited by the size of the pipeline and the flow cross section, and the hydraulic oil pollutes the environment, and the spring mechanism and the elastic deformation mechanism are easy to generate. Resilience to elastic fatigue and low reliability.
  • the technical problem mainly solved by the invention is to provide a numerical control machine tool and a magnetic locking device, so that the locking of the worktable is easy to control, environmentally friendly, energy-saving, safe and reliable.
  • a technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a numerical control machine tool, which comprises a work table, a rotary table and a magnetic locking device, wherein the work table is used for fixing a workpiece to be processed.
  • the magnetic locking device is used to fix the turntable and the workbench.
  • the magnetic locking device comprises a yoke fixed on the turntable, the yoke has a cylindrical shape with one end open and the other end closed, and the open end of the yoke is provided with a pole contacting the workbench a core, a closed end of the yoke is provided with a reversible magnet, and an exciting coil surrounding the reversible magnet is disposed between the reversible magnet and the yoke, and the pole core and the yoke are disposed around the core The main magnet of the pole core;
  • the exciting coil when the exciting coil is positively excited, the polarity of one end of the reversible magnet close to the pole core is the same as the polarity of one end of the main magnet radially adjacent to the pole core, so that a magnetic field generated by the main magnet passes through the table to magnetize the table and lock the table on the turntable; and when the field coil is negatively excited, the reversible magnet An end of the one end of the pole core is opposite in polarity to an end of the main magnet radially adjacent to the pole core such that a magnetic field generated by the main magnet passes through the table, thereby The table is demagnetized to release the table from the turntable.
  • the polarity of the main magnet in the radial direction near one end of the pole core is N pole, and the other end away from the pole core is S pole.
  • the exciting coil when the exciting coil is positively excited, the polarity of one end of the reversible magnet close to the pole core is N pole, and the other end away from the pole core is S pole; and when the exciting coil After being negatively excited, the polarity of one end of the reversible magnet close to the pole core is S pole, and the other end away from the pole core is N pole.
  • the rotary table is provided with a first intake passage, and the first intake passage penetrates the yoke, the reversible magnet and the pole core of the magnetic locking device in the axial direction to pass The compressed air cleans the magnetic locking device and the magnetic locking suction surface of the table.
  • the numerical control machine tool further comprises:
  • Positioning means for positioning when the table is moved to the turntable to position the table at a predetermined position on the turntable.
  • the positioning device comprises:
  • the positioning taper pin when the table is moved to the turntable, the positioning taper pin is inserted into the positioning taper sleeve to closely fit the tapered surface of the positioning taper sleeve, thereby achieving positioning.
  • the rotary table is provided with a second intake passage, and the second intake passage penetrates the positioning taper pin in the axial direction to clean the tapered surface of the positioning taper sleeve by compressed air.
  • the numerical control machine tool further comprises a table switching device, the table switching device comprises a bracket, a support and a change arm, the support is supported at a center of the change arm, and the change arm can be wound
  • the support rotates, and two ends of the change arm are respectively connected to one workbench, one of which is supported by the support, and the other of which is supported by the turntable.
  • the side wall of the workbench is provided with a card slot, and the position of the change arm to be connected to the workbench is provided with a snap ring that can be inserted into the card slot.
  • another technical solution adopted by the present invention is to include a yoke fixed on a turntable of a numerical control machine tool, the yoke having a cylindrical shape with one end open and the other end closed, and the opening of the yoke a pole core is disposed at the end, a closed end of the yoke is provided with a reversible magnet, and an exciting coil surrounding the reversible magnet is disposed between the reversible magnet and the yoke, and between the pole core and the yoke Providing a main magnet surrounding the pole core;
  • the exciting coil when the exciting coil is positively excited, the polarity of one end of the reversible magnet close to the pole core is the same as the polarity of one end of the main magnet radially adjacent to the pole core, so that a magnetic field generated by the main magnet passes through the table to magnetize the table and lock the table on the turntable; and when the field coil is negatively excited, the reversible magnet An end of the one end of the pole core is opposite in polarity to an end of the main magnet radially adjacent to the pole core such that a magnetic field generated by the main magnet passes through the table, thereby The table is demagnetized to release the table from the turntable.
  • the polarity of the main magnet in the radial direction near the end of the pole core is N pole, and the other end away from the pole core is S pole; and when the exciting coil is positively excited, The polarity of the reversible magnet near one end of the pole core is N pole, and the other end away from the pole core is S pole; and when the exciting coil is negatively excited, the reversible magnet is close to the pole core
  • the polarity of one end is S pole, and the other end away from the pole core is N pole.
  • the present invention clamps and fixes the worktable to the rotary table by a magnetic locking device, and uses the numerical control machine tool to fix the workpiece to be processed on the worktable.
  • the workpiece is processed, the magnetic locking device provides the locking power through the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, and the magnetic locking device performs the demagnetization and magnetization control by the electric control device, thereby achieving the purpose of loosening and clamping the worktable, and the control is simple and charged.
  • the magnetic success even if the power is cut off, it can maintain the magnetic force and provide normal locking force. It is energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Due to the direct conversion of electricity and magnetism, no intermediate conversion link is required, and the reliability is high.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a numerical control machine tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the principle of a magnetic locking device locking workbench according to an embodiment of the numerical control machine tool of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the principle of the magnetic locking device releasing the workbench according to an embodiment of the numerical control machine tool of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a magnetic locking device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a workbench exchange device of an embodiment of a numerical control machine tool according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of a change arm of an embodiment of a numerically controlled machine tool of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a numerical control machine tool including a work table 1 , a rotary table 2 and a magnetic locking device 3 .
  • the work table 1 is used for fixing a workpiece to be processed, and the magnetic lock device 3 is used for fixing a rotary table. 2 and workbench 1.
  • the workbench 1 is used for loading a workpiece to enable a numerical control machine tool to machine a workpiece loaded on the workbench 1.
  • the workbench 1 of the embodiment of the present invention may be a multi-station workbench 1 having a plurality of stations, wherein The workpiece is fixed to the work table 1, and the work table 1 loaded with the workpiece to be processed is moved to the rotary table 2 to process the workpiece to be processed by the numerical control machine tool; wherein the numerical control machine tool further comprises a set on the rotary table 2
  • the magnetic locking device 3 clamps and fixes the table 1 moved to the rotary table 2 to the rotary table 2 by the magnetic locking device 3; the magnetic locking device 3 is fixed to the rotary table 2 by a conventional fixing method in the art.
  • a groove for mounting the magnetic locking device 3 may be disposed on the turntable 2, and the magnetic locking device 3 is fixed in the slot by the bolt; the table 1 is moved to the turntable 2 means that the table 1 is moved closer to the magnetic locking device 3, so that the magnetic locking device 3 locks the table 1 by magnetic force.
  • the embodiment of the present invention clamps and fixes the work table 1 on the rotary table 2 by the magnetic locking device 3, so as to process the workpiece to be processed fixed on the work table 1 by using a numerical control machine tool, and magnetic lock
  • the tightening device 3 provides the locking power by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, and the magnetic locking device 3 performs the demagnetization and magnetization control by the electric control device, thereby achieving the purpose of loosening and clamping the worktable 1, the control is simple, and after the magnetization is successful, Even if the power is cut off, it can maintain magnetism and provide normal locking force. It is energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Due to the direct conversion between electricity and magnet, it does not require intermediate conversion links and has high reliability.
  • the magnetic locking device 3 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a yoke 31, an exciting coil 32, a reversible magnet 33, a main magnet 34 and a pole core 36.
  • the yoke 31 is fixedly disposed on the turntable 2, and the yoke 31 is a cylindrical shape with one end open and the other end closed.
  • the pole core 36 is disposed at the open end of the yoke 31.
  • the exciting coil 32 is disposed between the reversible magnet 33 and the yoke 31 and surrounds the reversible porcelain body, and the main magnet 34 is annular, surrounding the pole core 36 and
  • the yoke 31 is the main frame of the magnetic locking device 3, and the yoke 31 is fixed to the turntable 2 by bolts, and the exciting coil 32, the reversible magnet 33, and the main magnet 34 are provided.
  • the pole core 36 is disposed in the yoke 31, the reversible magnet 33 is a soft magnet, and the exciting coil 32 is wound around the reversible magnet 33, and the exciting coil 32 is energized and stopped by an electric control device connected to the exciting coil 32, To magnetize and demagnetize the reversible magnet 33, the reversible magnet 33 is generally Like coercivity alnico materials, the main magnet 34 made of a high coercivity permanent magnet material (such as NdFeB).
  • the exciting coil 32 when the exciting coil 32 is positively excited, the polarity of one end of the reversible magnet 33 close to the pole core 36 is the same as the polarity of the end of the main magnet 34 radially close to the pole core 36, so that the main magnet 34 generates The magnetic field passes through the table 1, thereby magnetizing the table 1 and locking the table 1 on the turntable 2; and when the exciting coil 32 is negatively excited, the polarity of the reversible magnet 33 near the end of the pole core 36 and the main magnet
  • the ends of the ends 34 that are radially adjacent to the pole core 36 are opposite in polarity such that the magnetic field generated by the main magnet 34 passes through the table 1 to demagnetize the table 1 to release the table 1 from the turntable 2. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the main magnets 34 are attracted to each other to be locked by the magnetic locking device 3; when the reversible magnet 33 is successfully magnetized, even if the electronic control device stops supplying power, the suction of the table 1 and the main magnet 34 is not affected; When the exciting coil 32 is negatively excited, the end of the reversible magnet 33 close to the pole core 36 becomes the S pole. At this time, the magnetic flux of the main magnet 34 passes from the N pole through the pole core 36 into the S pole of the reversible magnet 33, and then The N pole of the reversible magnet 33 comes out, and returns to the respective S poles through the yoke 31, and no magnetic flux passes through the table 1, and thus demagnetizes and is released from the magnetic lock device 3.
  • the exciting coil 32 when the exciting coil 32 is positively excited, one end of the reversible magnet 33 close to the pole core 36 is an S pole, and when the exciting coil 32 is negatively excited, the reversible magnet 33 is close to the pole core.
  • One end of 36 is an N pole, so that when the exciting coil 32 is negatively excited, the table 1 is locked, and when the exciting coil 32 is positively excited, the table 1 is released.
  • the end of the main magnet 34 in the axial direction close to the pole core 36 may be an S pole, and the principle of locking and loosening the table 1 is the same as that of the above embodiment. One by one.
  • the magnetizing force of the exciting coil 32 also has a certain demagnetization effect on the main magnet 34. Therefore, this magnetizing force must ensure the reverse pole of the reversible magnet 33. At the same time, the main magnet 34 must not be demagnetized.
  • the embodiment of the present invention causes the magnetic locking device 3 to lock or loosen the table 1 by positively or negatively exciting the exciting coil 32.
  • the entire magnetic locking device 3 has a simple structure, is easy to control, and uses electric energy as an energy source. At the same time, after the worktable 1 is locked, the lock state can be maintained without continuous power supply, which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
  • the numerical control machine tool further includes a first intake passage 37, which is opened on the turntable 2 and passes through the yoke 31 of the magnetic lock device 3, the reversible magnet 33, and The pole core 36 cleans the magnetic locking engagement surface of the magnetic locking device 3 and the table 1 by compressed air; that is, the first intake passage 37 passes through the entire magnetic locking device 3 from the bottom of the magnetic locking device 3 When reaching the top surface of the table 1 in contact with the table 1, when the table 1 is moved to the turntable 2, before the table 1 is locked by the magnetic locking device 3, the first intake passage 37 is filled with compressed air, and compressed.
  • the air cleans the contact surface of the magnetic lock device 3 with the table 1 to prevent foreign matter on the contact surface from affecting the suction.
  • the first intake passage 37 may also be connected to the contact surface by other paths as long as the magnetic lock device 3 is not affected.
  • the numerical control machine tool of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a positioning device 4 for positioning when the table 1 is moved to the turntable 2 to position the table 1 at a predetermined position on the turntable 2;
  • a positioning device 4 for positioning when the table 1 is moved to the turntable 2 to position the table 1 at a predetermined position on the turntable 2;
  • the table 1 moves closer to the turntable 2, its position may be deviated, and the table 1 is positioned at a predetermined position of the turntable 2 by the positioning device 4, and after positioning, the work is performed by the magnetic lock device 3.
  • the table 1 is locked to ensure the accuracy of the position of the workpiece on the table 1.
  • the positioning device 4 includes a matching taper sleeve 42 and a positioning taper pin 41.
  • the positioning taper sleeve 42 is disposed on a side of the table 1 adjacent to the turntable 2, and the positioning taper pin 41 is disposed on the turntable 2 and the positioning taper sleeve. 42 corresponds to the position, when the table 1 is moved to the turntable 2, the positioning taper pin 41 fits into the positioning taper sleeve 42 to closely fit the tapered surface of the positioning taper sleeve 42, thereby achieving positioning.
  • the positioning taper sleeve 42 and the positioning taper pin 41 are respectively fixed to the table 1 and the turntable 2 by bolts. It can be understood that the present invention is not limited to the positioning device 4 of the above structure, and other embodiments of the present invention can also employ other commonly used positioning devices in the art.
  • the numerical control machine tool further includes a second intake passage disposed on the turntable 2 and passing through the positioning taper pin 41 to perform the taper surface of the positioning taper sleeve 42 by the compressed air. Clean, before the positioning taper sleeve 42 is inserted into the positioning taper pin 41, the compressed air is introduced into the second intake passage, and the foreign matter between the positioning taper sleeve 42 and the positioning taper pin 41 is removed to prevent the foreign matter from affecting the positioning taper sleeve. The positioning between the 42 and the positioning cone pin 41.
  • an air pressure sensor may be disposed on the second air intake passage for detecting whether the positioning taper sleeve 42 and the positioning taper pin 41 are completely positioned. If the positioning taper sleeve 42 and the positioning taper pin 41 are positioned, the second intake passage is completed. The compressed air circulation passage is blocked, and the air pressure in the second intake passage is rapidly increased; therefore, when the air pressure sensor detects that the air pressure in the second intake passage rises, it indicates that the positioning taper pin 41 and the positioning taper sleeve 42 are positioned. At the same time, the supply of compressed air to the second intake passage is stopped, and the magnetic locking device 3 is controlled to lock the table 1.
  • the numerical control machine tool further includes a workbench switching device, and the workbench switching device includes a bracket 53, a support 52, and a change arm 51.
  • the support 52 is supported at the center of the change arm 51.
  • the arm 51 is rotatable about the support 52.
  • the two ends of the change arm 51 are respectively connected to a table 1, one of which is supported by the bracket 53, and the other table 1 is supported by the turntable 2.
  • the connection of the change arm 51 to the table 1 means that the table 1 is loaded onto the change arm 51 to transport the table 1 through the change arm 51, and the change arm 51 should be guaranteed to work during the process of transporting the table 1.
  • the table 1 can be stably loaded on the change arm 51 without relative movement with the change arm 51, so that the change arm 51 can accurately transport the table 1 to the turntable 2 or the stand 53;
  • the device replaces the table 1 loaded with the processed workpiece locked by the magnetic locking device on the turntable 2, and transports another table 1 containing the workpiece to be processed to the turntable 2 and passes
  • the magnetic locking device is fixed to machine the workpiece through the tool on the CNC machine.
  • the support 52 is supported at the center of the change arm 51 such that the change arm 51 on both sides of the support 52 has the same length, so that the position of both ends of the change arm 51 can be reversed after the change arm 51 is rotated 180 degrees around the support 52. That is, the table 1 supported by the turntable 2 before the rotation is rotated and falls onto the bracket 53, and the table 1 supported by the bracket 53 before the rotation is rotated and falls onto the turntable 2.
  • the side wall of the table 1 is provided with a card slot 55.
  • the position of the changing arm 51 connected to the table 1 is provided with a snap ring 54 that can be inserted into the card slot 55.
  • the worktable 1 and the change arm 51 are connected by the mating card slot 55 and the snap ring 54, so that the change arm 51 can transport the table 1 and prevent the change arm 51 from being transported during the work. After the position change of the change arm 51 causes the conveyance, the table 1 cannot be accurately conveyed to the turntable 2 or the stand 53.
  • the magnetic locking device is disposed on a rotary table of the numerical control machine tool to move to a table on the table on which the workpiece to be processed is loaded On the stage, the worktable is locked and fixed on the rotary table, so that the workpiece to be processed is processed by the tool of the numerical control machine tool.
  • the magnetic locking device comprises a yoke 31 fixed on the rotary table of the numerical control machine tool.
  • the yoke 31 has a cylindrical shape with one end open and the other end closed. The open end of the yoke 31 is provided with a pole core 36.
  • the closed end of the yoke 31 is provided with a reversible magnet 33, and the reversible magnet 33 and the yoke 31 are arranged to surround each other.
  • the excitation coil 32 of the reversible magnet 33, the main core 34 surrounding the pole core 36 is disposed between the pole core 36 and the yoke 31;
  • the exciting coil 32 when the exciting coil 32 is positively excited, the polarity of one end of the reversible magnet 33 close to the pole core 36 is the same as the polarity of the end of the main magnet 34 radially close to the pole core 36, so that the main magnet 34 generates The magnetic field passes through the table, thereby magnetizing the table and locking the table to the turntable; and when the exciting coil 32 is negatively excited, the polarity of the end of the reversible magnet 33 near the pole core 36 is radial to the main magnet 34.
  • the one end of the pole core 36 is of opposite polarity such that the magnetic field generated by the main magnet 34 passes through the table to demagnetize the table to release the table from the turntable.
  • the magnetic locking device of the embodiment of the invention provides the locking power by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, and the magnetic locking device performs the demagnetization and magnetization control by the electric control device, thereby achieving the purpose of loosening and clamping the worktable, and the control is simple and charged. After the magnetic success, even if the power is cut off, it can maintain the magnetic force and provide normal locking force. It is energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Due to the direct conversion of electricity and magnetism, no intermediate conversion link is required, and the reliability is high.
  • the exciting coil 32 when the exciting coil 32 is positively excited, the polarity of one end of the reversible magnet 33 close to the pole core 36 is the same as the polarity of the end of the main magnet 34 radially close to the pole core 36, so that the main The magnetic field generated by the magnet 34 passes through the table, thereby magnetizing the table and locking the table to the turntable; and when the field coil 32 is negatively excited, the polarity of the reversible magnet 33 near the end of the pole core 36 is the same as the main The magnet 34 is radially opposite the end of the pole core 36 so that the magnetic field generated by the main magnet 34 passes through the table, thereby demagnetizing the table to release the table from the turntable. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • one end of the reversible magnet 33 close to the pole core 36 is an S pole, and when the exciting coil 32 is negatively excited, the reversible magnet 33 is close to the pole core.
  • One end of 36 is an N pole, so that when the exciting coil 32 is negatively excited, the table is locked, and when the exciting coil 32 is positively excited, the table is released.
  • the one end of the main magnet 34 in the axial direction close to the pole core 36 may be provided as an S pole, and the principle of locking and loosening the worktable is the same as that of the above embodiment, and is not the same. A narrative.
  • the magnetizing force of the exciting coil 32 also has a certain demagnetization effect on the main magnet 34. Therefore, this magnetizing force must ensure the reverse pole of the reversible magnet 33. At the same time, the main magnet 34 must not be demagnetized.

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Abstract

一种数控机床及磁力锁紧装置，该数控机床包括工作台（1）、回转台（2）和磁力锁紧装置（3），该工作台（1）用于固定待加工的工件，该磁力锁紧装置（3）用于固定该回转台（2）和该工作台（1）。该磁力锁紧装置易于控制工作台的锁紧，且节能环保、可靠性高。

Description

一种数控机床及磁力锁紧装置
【技术领域】
本发明涉及数控加工技术领域，特别是涉及一种数控机床及应用于数控机床的磁力锁紧装置。
【背景技术】
加工中心具有自动交换加工刀具的能力，通过在刀库上安装不同用途的刀具，可在一次装夹中通过自动换刀装置改变主轴上的加工刀具，实现多种加工功能。
当用加工中心机床批量加工切削时间较短的工件时，工件装卸的时间占整个工件加工循环时间的比例很大，为了减少加工辅助时间，通常在加工中心机床上配置可自动交换的多工位工作台，使切削加工和辅助装卸工件同步进行，提高机床的有效利用率。
现有技术中多工位工作台的锁紧机构通常由液压系统提供锁紧动力，通过油缸及活塞杆的作用产生锁紧和松开功能动作，同时需要用到弹簧机构作为辅助机构，现有技术的液压系统复杂，液压管路回路密封性要求高，加工和制造困难，液压油的流动速度受到管路以及流通截面大小限制，液压油对环境产生污染，同时弹簧机构和弹性变形机构容易产生弹性疲劳而失效，可靠性不高。
【发明内容】
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种数控机床及磁力锁紧装置，使工作台的锁紧易于控制，环保节能且安全可靠。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种数控机床，其特征在于，包括工作台、回转台和磁力锁紧装置，所述工作台用于固定待加工的工件，所述磁力锁紧装置用于固定所述回转台和所述工作台。
其中，所述磁力锁紧装置包括固定在所述回转台上的磁轭，所述磁轭呈一端开口、另一端封闭的筒状，所述磁轭的开口端设有与工作台接触的极芯，所述磁轭的闭口端设有可逆磁体，所述可逆磁体和所述磁轭之间设置环绕所述可逆磁体的励磁线圈，所述极芯和所述磁轭之间设置环绕所述极芯的主磁体；
其中，当所述励磁线圈受到正向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性与所述主磁体沿径向靠近所述极芯的一端的极性相同，以使所述主磁体所产生的磁场经过所述工作台，从而磁化所述工作台并将所述工作台锁紧在所述回转台上；而当所述励磁线圈受到负向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性与所述主磁体沿径向靠近所述极芯的一端的极性相反，以使所述主磁体所产生的磁场经过所述工作台，从而对所述工作台退磁以将所述工作台从所述回转台上松开。
其中，所述主磁体沿径向靠近所述极芯的一端的极性为N极，而远离所述极芯的另一端为S极。
其中，当所述励磁线圈受到正向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性为N极，而远离所述极芯的另一端为S极；而当所述励磁线圈受到负向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性为S极，而远离所述极芯的另一端为N极。
其中，所述回转台上开设有第一进气通道，所述第一进气通道沿轴向贯穿所述磁力锁紧装置的所述磁轭、所述可逆磁体以及所述极芯，以通过压缩空气对所述磁力锁紧装置与所述工作台的磁力锁紧吸合面进行清洁。
其中所述数控机床进一步包括：
定位装置，用于在所述工作台移动至所述回转台上时进行定位以将所述工作台定位在所述回转台上的预定位置上。
其中，所述定位装置包括：
定位锥套，设置在所述工作台上靠近所述回转台的一侧；
定位锥销，设置在所述回转台上；
其中，当所述工作台移动至所述回转台上时，所述定位锥销插入所述定位锥套内以与所述定位锥套的锥面紧密贴合，从而实现定位。
其中，所述回转台上设有第二进气通道，所述第二进气通道沿轴向贯穿所述定位锥销，以通过压缩空气对所述定位锥套的锥面进行清洁。
其中，所述数控机床还包括工作台交换装置，所述工作台交换装置包括支架、支座和换台臂，所述支座支撑在所述换台臂的中央，所述换台臂能够绕所述支座转动，所述换台臂的两端分别连接一个工作台，其中一个工作台由支架支撑，另一个工作台由所述回转台支撑。
其中，所述工作台的侧壁设有卡槽，所述换台臂与所述工作台连接的位置设有可卡入所述卡槽中的卡环。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的另一个技术方案是：包括固定在数控机床的回转台上的磁轭，所述磁轭呈一端开口、另一端封闭的筒状，所述磁轭的开口端设有极芯，所述磁轭的闭口端设有可逆磁体，所述可逆磁体和所述磁轭之间设置环绕所述可逆磁体的励磁线圈，所述极芯和所述磁轭之间设置环绕所述极芯的主磁体；
其中，当所述励磁线圈受到正向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性与所述主磁体沿径向靠近所述极芯的一端的极性相同，以使所述主磁体所产生的磁场经过所述工作台，从而磁化所述工作台并将所述工作台锁紧在所述回转台上；而当所述励磁线圈受到负向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性与所述主磁体沿径向靠近所述极芯的一端的极性相反，以使所述主磁体所产生的磁场经过所述工作台，从而对所述工作台退磁以将所述工作台从所述回转台上松开。
其中，所述主磁体沿径向靠近所述极芯的一端的极性为N极，而远离所述极芯的另一端为S极；而当所述励磁线圈受到正向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性为N极，而远离所述极芯的另一端为S极；而当所述励磁线圈受到负向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性为S极，而远离所述极芯的另一端为N极。
本发明的有益效果是：区别于现有技术的情况，本发明通过磁力锁紧装置将工作台夹紧固定在回转台上，以利用数控机床对固定在所述工作台上的所述待加工的工件进行加工，磁力锁紧装置通过永磁的磁力提供锁紧动力，靠电控装置为磁力锁紧装置进行退磁、充磁控制，实现松开和夹紧工作台的目的，控制简单，充磁成功后，即使切断电源也能保持磁性和提供正常的锁紧力，节能环保，由于采用电与磁的直接转换，不需要中间转换环节，可靠性高。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明一种数控机床一实施方式的结构示意图；
图2是本发明一种数控机床实施方式的磁力锁紧装置锁紧工作台的原理示意图；
图3是本发明一种数控机床实施方式的磁力锁紧装置松开工作台的原理示意图；
图4是本发明磁力锁紧装置一实施方式结构示意图；
图5是本发明一种数控机床实施方式的工作台交换装置的结构示意图；
图6是本发明一种数控机床实施方式的换台臂的俯视图。
【具体实施方式】
参阅图1，本发明实施方式提供一种数控机床，包括工作台1、回转台2和磁力锁紧装置3，工作台1用于固定待加工的工件，磁力锁紧装置3用于固定回转台2和工作台1。工作台1用于装载工件以使数控机床对装载在工作台1上的工件进行加工，本发明实施方式的工作台1可为具有多个工位的多工位工作台1，其中，待加工的工件固定到工作台1上，且装载上待加工的工件的工作台1移动至回转台2上，以利用数控机床对待加工的工件进行加工；其中，数控机床还包括设置在回转台2上的磁力锁紧装置3，通过磁力锁紧装置3将移动至回转台2上的工作台1夹紧固定在回转台2上；磁力锁紧装置3通过本领域常规的固定方式固定在回转台2上，例如螺栓固定等，具体的，可在回转台2上设置一用于安装磁力锁紧装置3的槽，通过螺栓将磁力锁紧装置3固定在该槽中；工作台1移动至回转台2上是指工作台1移动至靠近磁力锁紧装置3，使磁力锁紧装置3通过磁力锁紧工作台1。
区别于现有技术，本发明实施方式通过磁力锁紧装置3将工作台1夹紧固定在回转台2上，以利用数控机床对固定在工作台1上的待加工的工件进行加工，磁力锁紧装置3通过永磁的磁力提供锁紧动力，靠电控装置为磁力锁紧装置3进行退磁、充磁控制，实现松开和夹紧工作台1的目的，控制简单，充磁成功后，即使切断电源也能保持磁性和提供正常的锁紧力，节能环保，由于采用电与磁的直接转换，不需要中间转换环节，可靠性高。
其中，如图1，本发明实施方式的磁力锁紧装置3包括磁轭31、励磁线圈32、可逆磁体33、主磁体34和极芯36，磁轭31固定设置在回转台2上，磁轭31呈一端开口、另一端封闭的筒状，极芯36设置在磁轭31的开口端，在磁力锁紧装置3锁紧工作台1时，极芯36与工作台1接触，可逆瓷体设置在磁轭31的闭口端，并起到支撑极芯36的作用，励磁线圈32设置于可逆磁体33与磁轭31之间并环绕可逆瓷体，主磁体34为环形，环绕设置极芯36和磁轭31之间；本发明实施方式中磁轭31即为磁力锁紧装置3的主框架，通过螺栓将磁轭31固定在回转台2上，而励磁线圈32、可逆磁体33、主磁体34和极芯36都设置在磁轭31中，可逆磁体33为软磁体，励磁线圈32绕在可逆磁体33上，通过与励磁线圈32连接的电控装置对励磁线圈32行通电和停止通电操作，以对可逆磁体33进行充磁和消磁，可逆磁体33一般由中等顽力的铝镍钴材料构成，主磁体34由高矫顽力的永磁材料（如钕铁硼）构成。
其中，当励磁线圈32受到正向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端的极性与主磁体34沿径向靠近极芯36的一端的极性相同，以使主磁体34所产生的磁场经过工作台1，从而磁化工作台1并将工作台1锁紧在回转台2上；而当励磁线圈32受到负向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端的极性与主磁体34沿径向靠近极芯36的一端的极性相反，以使主磁体34所产生的磁场经过工作台1，从而对工作台1退磁以将工作台1从回转台2上松开。例如，如图2，当主磁体34沿径向靠近极芯36的一端为N极，主磁体34沿径向远离极芯36的一端为S极时，则当励磁线圈32受到正向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端也为N极，这时主磁体34的磁通从N极出发经工作台11和磁轭31回到主磁体34的S极，工作台1被磁化，与主磁体34相互吸合从而被磁力锁紧装置3锁紧；当可逆磁体33充磁成功后，即使电控装置停止供电也不会影响工作台1和主磁体34的吸合；如图3，当励磁线圈32受到负向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端变为S极，这时主磁体34的磁通从N极出发经过极芯36进入可逆磁体33的S极，再从可逆磁体33的N极出来，通过磁轭31分别回到各自的S极，工作台1中无磁通通过，因而退磁，从磁力锁紧装置3上松开。在本发明其它实施方式中，也可设置当励磁线圈32受到正向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端为S极，当励磁线圈32受到负向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端为N极，这样的话，当励磁线圈32受到负向激励后，工作台1被锁紧，而当当励磁线圈32受到正向激励后，工作台1被松开。当然在本发明另一实施方式中，还可设置主磁体34沿轴向靠近极芯36的一端为S极，具体使工作台1锁紧和松开的原理与上述实施方式相同，在此不一一赘述。需要注意的是，在退磁过程中，即在励磁线圈32激励方向改变时，励磁线圈32的磁化力对主磁体34也有一定的退磁作用，因此，这个磁化力必须保证可逆磁体33的反向极化，同时主磁体34还不得退磁。
本发明实施方式通过正向激励或负向激励励磁线圈32，来使得磁力锁紧装置3锁紧或松开工作台1，整个磁力锁紧装置3结构简单，易于控制，并且采用电能作为能源，同时，将工作台1锁紧后，不需要持续供电便能保持锁紧状态，节能环保。
其中，如图1，本发明实施方式的数控机床进一步包括第一进气通道37，第一进气通道37开设在回转台2上并经过磁力锁紧装置3的磁轭31、可逆磁体33以及极芯36，以通过压缩空气对磁力锁紧装置3与工作台1的磁力锁紧吸合面进行清洁；即第一进气通道37从磁力锁紧装置3底部穿过整个磁力锁紧装置3到达其顶部与工作台1接触的面，当工作台1移动到回转台2上，在通过磁力锁紧装置3锁紧工作台1前，向第一进气通道37充入压缩空气，通过压缩空气将磁力锁紧装置3上要与工作台1的接触面进行清洁，以防止接触面上的异物影响两者吸合。当然，在本发明其它实施方式中，第一进气通道37也可通过其它路径连接到接触面上，只要不影响磁力锁紧装置3工作即可。
其中，如图1，本发明实施方式的数控机床进一步包括定位装置4，用于在工作台1移动至回转台2上时进行定位以将工作台1定位在回转台2上的预定位置上；当工作台1移动至靠近回转台2时，其位置可能会有偏差，通过定位装置4使得工作台1定位在回转台2的预定位置上，定位好后，再通过磁力锁紧装置3将工作台1锁紧，保证工作台1上工件位置的精确性。
其中，定位装置4包括相互配合的定位锥套42和定位锥销41，定位锥套42设置在工作台1靠近回转台2的一侧，定位锥销41设置在回转台2上与定位锥套42对应的位置，当工作台1移动至回转台2上时，定位锥销41套进定位锥套42内以与定位锥套42的锥面紧密贴合，从而实现定位。定位锥套42和定位锥销41可分别通过螺栓固定在工作台1和回转台2上。可以理解地，本发明并不限于上述结构的定位装置4，本发明其它实施方式也可采用本领域其它常用的定位装置。
其中，本发明实施方式的数控机床进一步包括第二进气通道，该第二进气通道设置在回转台2上并穿过定位锥销41，以通过压缩空气对定位锥套42的锥面进行清洁，在定位锥套42套进定位锥销41之前，向第二进气通道中通入压缩空气，将定位锥套42和定位锥销41之间的异物清除，以防止异物影响定位锥套42和定位锥销41之间的定位。本发明实施方式可在第二进气通道上设置气压传感器，用于检测定位锥套42和定位锥销41是否完成定位，若定位锥套42和定位锥销41完成定位，第二进气通道中的压缩空气流通通道被阻断，第二进气通道中的气压会迅速上升；所以当气压传感器检测到第二进气通道中的气压上升，表示定位锥销41与定位锥套42定位完成，同时停止向第二进气通道中输送压缩空气，并控制磁力锁紧装置3对工作台1进行锁紧。
其中，如图5，本发明实施方式的数控机床还包括工作台交换装置，工作台交换装置包括支架53、支座52和换台臂51，支座52支撑在换台臂51的中央，换台臂51能够绕支座52转动，换台臂51的两端分别连接一个工作台1，其中一个工作台1由支架53支撑，另一个工作台1由回转台2支撑。换台臂51与工作台1连接是指将工作台1装载到换台臂51上，以通过换台臂51运送工作台1，应当保证换台臂51在运送工作台1的过程中，工作台1能稳固地装载在换台臂51上，不与换台臂51发生相对移动，以使换台臂51能准确地将工作台1运送至回转台2或支架53上；通过工作台交换装置将通过磁力锁紧装置锁紧在回转台2上的装载有已加工好的工件的工作台1换走，同时将装有待加工工件的另一个工作台1运送到回转台2上，并通过磁力锁紧装置固定，以通过数控机床上的刀具对工件进行加工。支座52支撑在换台臂51的中央使得支座52两侧的换台臂51长度相同，从而在换台臂51绕支座52旋转180度后，换台臂51两端的位置能对调，即旋转之前由回转台2支撑的工作台1旋转后落到支架53上，而旋转之前由支架53支撑的工作台1旋转后落到回转台2上。
其中，如图1和图6，工作台1的侧壁设有卡槽55，换台臂51与工作台1连接的位置设有可卡入卡槽55中的卡环54。通过相互配合的卡槽55和卡环54将工作台1与换台臂51连接，便于换台臂51运送工作台1，防止换台臂51在运送工作台1的过程中，工作台1相对于换台臂51发生位置移动而导致运送后，工作台1不能准确地运送到回转台2或支架53上。
本发明另一实施方式提供一种应用于上述实施方式的数控机床的磁力锁紧装置，磁力锁紧装置设置在数控机床的回转台上，以在装载上待加工的工件的工作台移动至回转台上，将工作台锁紧固定在回转台上，从而利用数控机床的刀具对待加工的工件进行加工，其中，如图4，磁力锁紧装置包括固定在数控机床的回转台上的磁轭31，磁轭31呈一端开口、另一端封闭的筒状，磁轭31的开口端设有极芯36，磁轭31的闭口端设有可逆磁体33，可逆磁体33和磁轭31之间设置环绕可逆磁体33的励磁线圈32，极芯36和磁轭31之间设置环绕极芯36的主磁体34；
其中，当励磁线圈32受到正向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端的极性与主磁体34沿径向靠近极芯36的一端的极性相同，以使主磁体34所产生的磁场经过工作台，从而磁化工作台并将工作台锁紧在回转台上；而当励磁线圈32受到负向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端的极性与主磁体34沿径向靠近极芯36的一端的极性相反，以使主磁体34所产生的磁场经过工作台，从而对工作台退磁以将工作台从回转台上松开。
本发明实施方式的磁力锁紧装置通过永磁的磁力提供锁紧动力，靠电控装置为磁力锁紧装置进行退磁、充磁控制，实现松开和夹紧工作台的目的，控制简单，充磁成功后，即使切断电源也能保持磁性和提供正常的锁紧力，节能环保，由于采用电与磁的直接转换，不需要中间转换环节，可靠性高。
在本发明实施方式中，当励磁线圈32受到正向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端的极性与主磁体34沿径向靠近极芯36的一端的极性相同，以使主磁体34所产生的磁场经过工作台，从而磁化工作台并将工作台锁紧在回转台上；而当励磁线圈32受到负向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端的极性与主磁体34沿径向靠近极芯36的一端的极性相反，以使主磁体34所产生的磁场经过工作台，从而对工作台退磁以将工作台从回转台上松开。例如，如图2，当主磁体34沿径向靠近极芯36的一端为N极，主磁体34沿径向远离极芯36的一端为S极时，则当励磁线圈32受到正向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端也为N极，这时主磁体34的磁通从N极出发经工作台1和磁轭31回到主磁体34的S极，工作台被磁化，与主磁体34相互吸合从而被磁力锁紧装置锁紧；当可逆磁体33充磁成功后，即使电控装置停止供电也不会影响工作台和主磁体34的吸合；如图3，当励磁线圈32受到负向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端变为S极，这时主磁体34的磁通从N极出发经过极芯36进入可逆磁体33的S极，再从可逆磁体33的N极出来，通过磁轭31分别回到各自的S极，工作台中无磁通通过，因而退磁，从磁力锁紧装置上松开。在本发明其它实施方式中，也可设置当励磁线圈32受到正向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端为S极，当励磁线圈32受到负向激励后，可逆磁体33靠近极芯36的一端为N极，这样的话，当励磁线圈32受到负向激励后，工作台被锁紧，而当当励磁线圈32受到正向激励后，工作台被松开。当然在本发明另一实施方式中，还可设置主磁体34沿轴向靠近极芯36的一端为S极，具体使工作台锁紧和松开的原理与上述实施方式相同，在此不一一赘述。需要注意的是，在退磁过程中，即在励磁线圈32激励方向改变时，励磁线圈32的磁化力对主磁体34也有一定的退磁作用，因此，这个磁化力必须保证可逆磁体33的反向极化，同时主磁体34还不得退磁。
以上仅为本发明的实施方式，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种数控机床，其特征在于，包括工作台、回转台和磁力锁紧装置，所述工作台用于固定待加工的工件，所述磁力锁紧装置用于固定所述回转台和所述工作台。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的数控机床，其特征在于，所述磁力锁紧装置包括固定在所述回转台上的磁轭，所述磁轭呈一端开口、另一端封闭的筒状，所述磁轭的开口端设有与工作台接触的极芯，所述磁轭的闭口端设有可逆磁体，所述可逆磁体和所述磁轭之间设置环绕所述可逆磁体的励磁线圈，所述极芯和所述磁轭之间设置环绕所述极芯的主磁体；
    其中，当所述励磁线圈受到正向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性与所述主磁体沿径向靠近所述极芯的一端的极性相同，以使所述主磁体所产生的磁场经过所述工作台，从而磁化所述工作台并将所述工作台锁紧在所述回转台上；而当所述励磁线圈受到负向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性与所述主磁体沿径向靠近所述极芯的一端的极性相反，以使所述主磁体所产生的磁场经过所述工作台，从而对所述工作台退磁以将所述工作台从所述回转台上松开。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的数控机床，其特征在于，所述主磁体沿径向靠近所述极芯的一端的极性为N极，而远离所述极芯的另一端为S极。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的数控机床，其特征在于，当所述励磁线圈受到正向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性为N极，而远离所述极芯的另一端为S极；而当所述励磁线圈受到负向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性为S极，而远离所述极芯的另一端为N极。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的数控机床，其特征在于，所述回转台上开设有第一进气通道，所述第一进气通道沿轴向贯穿所述磁力锁紧装置的所述磁轭、所述可逆磁体以及所述极芯，以通过压缩空气对所述磁力锁紧装置与所述工作台的磁力锁紧吸合面进行清洁。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的数控机床，其特征在于，所述数控机床进一步包括：
    定位装置，用于在所述工作台移动至所述回转台上时进行定位以将所述工作台定位在所述回转台上的预定位置上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的数控机床，其特征在于，所述定位装置包括：
    定位锥套，设置在所述工作台上靠近所述回转台的一侧；
    定位锥销，设置在所述回转台上；
    其中，当所述工作台移动至所述回转台上时，所述定位锥销插入所述定位锥套内以与所述定位锥套的锥面紧密贴合，从而实现定位。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的数控机床，其特征在于，所述回转台上设有第二进气通道，所述第二进气通道沿轴向贯穿所述定位锥销，以通过压缩空气对所述定位锥套的锥面进行清洁。
  9. 根据权利要求1至5任意一项所述的数控机床，其特征在于，还包括工作台交换装置，所述工作台交换装置包括支架、支座和换台臂，所述支座支撑在所述换台臂的中央，所述换台臂能够绕所述支座转动，所述换台臂的两端分别连接一个工作台，其中一个工作台由所述支架支撑，另一个工作台由所述回转台支撑。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的数控机床，其特征在于，所述工作台的侧壁设有卡槽，所述换台臂与所述工作台连接的位置设有可卡入所述卡槽中的卡环。
  11. 一种用于数控机床的磁力锁紧装置，其特征在于，包括固定在数控机床的回转台上的磁轭，所述磁轭呈一端开口、另一端封闭的筒状，所述磁轭的开口端设有极芯，所述磁轭的闭口端设有可逆磁体，所述可逆磁体和所述磁轭之间设置环绕所述可逆磁体的励磁线圈，所述极芯和所述磁轭之间设置环绕所述极芯的主磁体；
    其中，当所述励磁线圈受到正向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性与所述主磁体沿径向靠近所述极芯的一端的极性相同，以使所述主磁体所产生的磁场经过所述工作台，从而磁化所述工作台并将所述工作台锁紧在所述回转台上；而当所述励磁线圈受到负向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性与所述主磁体沿径向靠近所述极芯的一端的极性相反，以使所述主磁体所产生的磁场经过所述工作台，从而对所述工作台退磁以将所述工作台从所述回转台上松开。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的磁力锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述主磁体沿径向靠近所述极芯的一端的极性为N极，而远离所述极芯的另一端为S极；而当所述励磁线圈受到正向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性为N极，而远离所述极芯的另一端为S极；而当所述励磁线圈受到负向激励后，所述可逆磁体靠近所述极芯的一端的极性为S极，而远离所述极芯的另一端为N极。
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